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  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
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  • C07F9/6509—Six-membered rings
  • C07F9/6512—Six-membered rings having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3
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  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
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  • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6515—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
  • C07F9/65583—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system each of the hetero rings containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
  • C07F9/65586—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system at least one of the hetero rings does not contain nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/6581—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/6584—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms having one phosphorus atom as ring hetero atom
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/6581—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/6584—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms having one phosphorus atom as ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/65842—Cyclic amide derivatives of acids of phosphorus, in which one nitrogen atom belongs to the ring
  • C07F9/65846—Cyclic amide derivatives of acids of phosphorus, in which one nitrogen atom belongs to the ring the phosphorus atom being part of a six-membered ring which may be condensed with another ring system

Definitions

• This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for inhibiting the proliferation of cells.
• kinase inhibitors In human clinical studies with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, the kinase inhibitors, erlotinib and gefitinib have been found to be effective, but in only a subset of patients. It was later determined that the responsive patients had certain mutations in the gene for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
• EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
• the mutant forms of EGFR are enzymatically active without the need for ligand stimulation. They are also particularly sensitive to kinase inhibitors like erlotinib and gefitinib, which competitively bind to the ATP binding site of the EGFR kinase domain. Those mutations have been cataloged and described at length in the scientific literature.
• T790M mutation render drugs like erlotinib and gefitinib less effective. Those mutations are associated with resistance to the drugs and to relapse in patients with cancer cells having the T790M mutation.
• New therapies are needed for the treatment of EGFR-driven cancers in which mutations confer resistance to front line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (“TKI”) therapies.
• TKI front line tyrosine kinase inhibitor
• new therapies for inhibiting cells expressing such gefitinib-resistant or erlotinib-resistant EGFR genes could be of profound benefit.
• This invention relates to the discovery of a class of compounds that inhibit EGFR and medically significant mutant forms thereof.
• mutants include mutant EGFR proteins that are enzymatically active in the absence of protein ligand and mutants such as the T790M EGFR mutant that are resistant to the EGFR inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib.
• Compounds of this invention possessing desirable selectivity for the intended biological targets and advantageous pharmaceutical properties make them of interest for treating cancers characterized by the expression of EGFR or an EGFR mutant, especially in cases that are resistant or refractory to erlotinib or gefitinib.
• This invention provides a compound of Formula (I):
• U 1 and U 2 are both N and U 3 is C—R e ; or U 3 is N, one of U 1 and U 2 is N, and the other is C—R d ; or U 3 is C—R e , one of U 1 and U 2 is N, and the other is C—R d ;
• V 1 is O, S, NR V , CO, CH 2 , or CF 2 ;
• R V is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, or aryl;
• R d is H, halo, CN, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl or halocycloalkyl;
• R e is H or NH 2 ; or, R d and R e , together with the ring atom to which each is attached, form a 5- or 6-membered ring containing one, two or three heteroatoms, independently selected from N, S and O, wherein the 5- or 6-membered ring so formed is substituted with R h which is C 1-4 alkyl or halo;
• R g is H, F, —P(O)(R 3A )(R 3B ), —S(O)N(R 3C )(R 3D ), —S(O) 2 R 3E , —C(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —OC(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —NR 3H C(O)OR 3I or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 N atoms;
• R g2 is H, F, W 1 , —P(O)(R 3A )(R 3B ), —S(O)N(R 3C )(R 3D ), —S(O) 2 R 3E , —C(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —OC(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —NR 3H C(O)OR 3I , C 1-6 alkoxy or C 1-4 alkyl;
• R g1 is H, F, —OR 2 , —P(O)(R 3A )(R 3B ), —S(O)N(R 3C )(R 3D ), —S(O) 2 R 3E , —C(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —OC(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —NR 3 HC(O)OR 3I , or substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring;
• Ring A is:
• R b2 is H, F, or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1, 2 or 3 N or O atoms;
• R b4 is H, F, W 1 , C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-6 alkenyloxy, C 3-6 cycloalkoxy, —OC(O)N(R 5A )(R 5B ), —NR 5C C(O)OR 5D , or substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1, 2 or 3 N or O atoms;
• each R 5A , R 5B , R 5C and R 5D is independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or heteroalkyl, or R 5A and R 5B , together with the atom to which each is attached, form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring;
• R a1 is H, halo, W 1 , —CN, —NO 2 , —R 1 , —OR 2 , —O—NR 1 R 2 , —NR 1 R 2 , —NR 1 —NR 1 R 2 , —NR 1 —OR 2 , —C(O)YR 2 , —OC(O)YR 2 , —NR 1 C(O)YR 2 , —SC(O)YR 2 , —NR 1 C( ⁇ S)YR 2 , —OC( ⁇ S)YR 2 , —C( ⁇ S)YR 2 , —YC( ⁇ NR 1 )YR 2 , —YC( ⁇ N—OR 1 )YR 2 , —YC( ⁇ N—NR 1 R 2 )YR 2 , —YP( ⁇ O)(YR 1 )(YR 2 ), —S(O) r R 2 , —SO 2 NR 1 R 2
• X 1 and X 2 are each independently CH or N;
• R a1 and R b4 together with the atom to which each is attached, form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N and O;
• R a2 is H, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 2-6 alkenyloxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyloxy or 4- to 7-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, C 2-6 alkenyloxy, cycloalkyloxy and heterocyclyl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halo, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, or di-Cm alkylamino groups;
• Y is independently a bond, —O—, —S— or —NR 1 —;
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H or R 15 ;
• R 4 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic and heteroaryl;
• R X is halo
• R 7 is H, alkyl or heteroalkyl, wherein the alkyl and heteroalkyl groups are independently optionally substituted with an amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino group;
• R 8 is C 1-6 alkyl
• R 9 and R 10 are independently H, halo, —C(O)R 16 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, wherein R 9 and R 10 , if not H, are optionally substituted with one or more halo, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl groups, wherein said group, if not halo, is optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1-4 alkyl, alkoxyl, halo(C 1-4 )alkyl or C 3-7 cycloalkyl groups;
• R 11 is H, halo, —C(O)—OR 12 , alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl, wherein R 11 , if not H, is optionally substituted with one or more halo, amino, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic or heteroaryl groups, wherein said group, if not halo, is optionally substituted with one or more halo or alkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl groups, wherein the alkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted with one or more alkyl, halo or hydroxyl substituents;
• R 12 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl;
• R 13 is H or C 1-4 alkyl
• R 14 is R T or R W ;
• R 15 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, 4- to 7-membered heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, wherein each R 15 is optionally substituted with one or more halo, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic or heteroaryl groups, wherein said cycloalkyl, heterocyclic or heteroaryl groups(s) are independently optionally substituted with one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, dialkylamino or cycloalkyl groups;
• R 16 is OH, —O-alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, —NH 2 , —NH-alkyl, or —N-dialkyl wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl moiety is optionally substituted with halo, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl or hydroxyl;
• R T is H or —CH 3 ;
• R W is halo; substituted methyl; or an optionally substituted group selected from (C 2-6 )alkyl, (C 1-6 )heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl; wherein the substituents on the optionally substituted (C 2-6 )alkyl, (C 1-6 )heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups are selected from halo, haloalkyl, alkoxy, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, and dialkylamino, and in the case of an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, the optional substituents may further be selected from hydroxyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, hyroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino;
• the compound comprises at least one —P(O)(R 3A )(R 3B );
• R d is H, halo, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl or halocycloalkyl;
• W 1 is —NR 7 C(O)C(R 11 ) ⁇ CR 9 R 10 , —C(O)C(R 11 ) ⁇ CR 9 R 10 , —CH 2 P(O)C(R 11 ) ⁇ CR 9 R 10 , —OP(O)C(R 8 ) ⁇ CR 9 R 10 , —NR 7 S(O) 2 C(R 11 ) ⁇ CR 9 R 10 , —NR 7 C(O)C C ⁇ C—R 14 ,
• R g is H, —P(O)(R 3A )(R 3B ), —S(O)N(R 3D )(R 3D ), —S(O) 2 R 3E , —C(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —OC(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —NR 3 HC(O)OR 3I , a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 N atoms, wherein each of R 3A , R 3B , R 3D , R 3D , R 3E , R 3F , R 3G , R 3H , and R 3I is, independently, selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, and heteroalkyl, or R 3A and R 3B , or R 3D and R 3D , or
• R g1 is H, F, —P(O)(R 3A )(R 3B ), —S(O)N(R 3D )(R 3D ), —S(O) 2 R 3E , —C(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —OC(O)N(R 3F )(R 3G ), —NR 3 ′′C(O)OR 3I , or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; wherein the variable terms are as defined for Formula (I).
• U 1 is N
• U 2 is C—R d
• U 3 is C—Re.
• U 1 is C—R d
• U 2 is N
• U 3 is C—R e .
• U 1 is N
• U 2 is N
• U 3 is C—R e .
• V 1 is NH. In another V 1 is O. In certain embodiments of both classes R d is Cl. In certain embodiments of both classes R g or R g1 is —P(O)(CH 3 ) 2 or —P(O)(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 .
• U 3 is N, one of U 1 and U 2 is N, and the other is C—R d .
• R a1 ; R a2 ; R b2 ; R b4 ; R g ; R g1 ; R g2 ; R d ; and R h are as defined in Formula (I).
• R a2 ; R b2 ; R b4 ; R g ; R g1 ; R g2 ; R d ; and R h are as defined in Formula (I).
• R a1 ; R a2 ; R b2 ; R b4 ; R g ; R g1 ; R g2 ; R d ; and R h are as defined in Formula (I).
• R a2 ; R b2 ; R b4 ; R g ; R g1 ; R g2 ; R d ; and R h are as defined in Formula (I), and R a1 is selected from W 1 , —R 1 , —C(O)YR 2 , —C( ⁇ S)YR 2 , —C( ⁇ NR 1 )YR 2 , —C( ⁇ N—OR 1 )YR 2 , —C( ⁇ N—NR 1 R 2 )YR 2 , —S(O) r R 2 , and
• each Y is, independently, a bond, —O—, —S— or —NR 1 —;
• each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is, independently, selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic and heteroaryl; each of X 1 and X 2 is, independently, selected from CH and N;
• W 1 is as defined in Formula (I);
• R 4 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic and heteroaryl.
• Ring A is cyclopentyl
• Ring A is cyclopentyl
• R a1 ; R a2 ; R b4 ; R g ; R g1 ; R g2 ; R d ; and R h are as defined in Formula (I).
• R a1 is selected from W 1 , —R 1 , —C(O)YR 2 , —C( ⁇ S)YR 2 , —C( ⁇ NR 1 )YR 2 , —C( ⁇ N ⁇ OR 1 )YR 2 , —C( ⁇ N—NR 1 R 2 )YR 2 , —S(O) r R 2 , and
• each Y is, independently, a bond, —O—, —S— or —NR 1 —;
• W 1 is as defined in Formula (I);
• each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is, independently, selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic and heteroaryl;
• R a1 is W 1 , —R 1 , —C(O)YR 2 , —C( ⁇ S)YR 2 , —C( ⁇ NR 1 )YR 2 , —C( ⁇ N—OR 1 )YR 2 , —C( ⁇ N—NR 1 R 2 )YR 2 , —S(O) r R 2 , or
• each Y is, independently, a bond, —O—, —S— or —NR 1 —;
• R b2 ; R b4 ; R g ; R g1 ; R g2 ; R d ; R h and W 1 are as defined in Formula (I);
• each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is, independently, selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic and heteroaryl;
• each of X 1 and X 2 is, independently, CH or N;
• R 4 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic or heteroaryl.
• R a1 is selected from W 1 , —R 1 , —C(O)YR 2 , —C( ⁇ S)YR 2 , —C( ⁇ NR 1 )YR 2 , —C( ⁇ N—OR 1 )YR 2 , —C( ⁇ N—NR 1 R 2 )R 2 , —S(O) r R 2 , and
• each Y is, independently, a bond, —O—, —S— or —NR 1 —;
• W 1 is as defined in Formula (I);
• each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is, independently, selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic and heteroaryl;
• each of X 1 and X 2 is, independently, selected from CH and N; and R 4 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic and heteroaryl.
• R a2 is H, F, Cl, —CH 3 , —CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —OCH 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCH 2 CH 3 or -heterocyclyl-O—, e.g., a 4-membered heterocyclyl.
• R d is H, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, CH 3 , CF 3 , cyclopropyl or —CH 2 CH 2 ⁇ CH 2 .
• R b2 is H.
• R g1 is H and R g2 is H, F, C 1-6 alkyl, or C 1-6 alkoxy.
• R g is —P(O)(R 3A )(R 3B ), wherein R 3A and R 3B , are as defined in Formula (I). In some cases R g is —P(O)(CH 3 ) 2 or —P(O)(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 .
• R g is —S(O) 2 R 3E ), wherein R 3E is as defined in Formula (I).
• R g is —S(O) 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R a1 is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with an —OH, halo, alkyl, substituted alkyl substituent.
• R a1 is a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycle which is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo and R 17 .
• R 17 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, 4- to 7-membered heterocyclyl or heteroaryl group, and R 17 is optionally substituted with one or more halo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic or heteroaryl groups, of which, the cycloalkyl, heterocyclic or heteroaryl substituent is optionally substituted with one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, dialkylamino or cycloalkyl groups.
• R a1 is selected from the following:
• R a1 is —OR 2 , as defined in Formula (I).
• R a1 is selected from the following:
• R a1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, or heteroalkyl group, wherein optional substituents are selected from halo, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic or heteroaryl groups, wherein said cycloalkyl, heterocyclic and heteroaryl substituent(s) are independently optionally substituted with one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, dialkylamino or cycloalkyl groups.
• R a1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, or heteroalkyl group, wherein optional substituents are selected from halo, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic or heteroaryl groups, wherein said cycloalkyl, heterocyclic
• R a1 is of the Formula:
• J 1 and J 2 are independently H, halo or R J ; or J 1 and J 2 together with the atom to which each is attached form an optionally substituted ring which is C 3-8 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocyclic, or heteroaryl;
• J 3 and J 4 are independently H or R J ; or J 3 and J 4 together with the atom to which each is attached form an optionally substituted ring which is 3- to 7-membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring;
• R J is C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-8 heteroalkyl, or 3- to 7-membered heterocyclyl, wherein each R J is independently selected from halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy and heterocyclic groups, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclic groups on R J are optionally substituted with one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino or cycloalkyl groups; and, z is 1-3.
• R a1 may be selected from the following:
• R b4 is —NR 7 C(O)C(R 11 ) ⁇ CR 9 R 10 , —NR 7 S(O) 2 C(R 9 )(R 10 )(R X ), —NR 7 C(O)C ⁇ C—R 14 , Or —NR 7 C(O)C(R 9 )(R 10 )(R X ), wherein R 7 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 14 , and R X are as defined in Formula (I).
• R b4 may be —NHC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 or may be selected from the following:
• R b4 is —NHC(O)C ⁇ CH or may be selected from the following:
• R b4 is W 1 as defined in Formula (I).
• R a2 is H, halo, —CH 3 , —CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —OCH 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCH 2 CH 3 , —OCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 or —O-heterocyclyl.
• R g is —P(O)(R 3A )(R 3B ), wherein R 3A and R 3B , are as defined in Formula (I), e.g., R g is —P(O)(CH 3 ) 2 or —P(O)(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 .
• R g is —S(O) 2 R 3E ), wherein R 3E is as defined in Formula (I), e.g., R g is —S(O) 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R d may be CI, F, Br, I, or CH 3 .
• R g1 is H and R g2 is H, F, C 1-6 alkyl, or C 1-6 alkoxy.
• R g is —P(O)(R 3A )(R 3B ) or —S(O) 2 R 3E , wherein R 3A ; R 3B ; and R 3E are as defined in formula (I).
• R g can be selected from —P(O)(CH 3 ) 2 and —S(O) 2 (CH(CH 3 ) 2 ).
• R a1 is a 5 or 6 member heterocyclic ring including 1 or 2 N or O atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group.
• R a1 can be selected from any of the following groups:
• R a2 is methoxy;
• R d is CI, F, Br, I, or CH 3 ;
• R g is —P(O)(CH 3 ) 2 or —S(O) 2 (CH(CH 3 ) 2 ).
• U 1 is N, U 2 is C—R d , and U 3 is C—R e ; U 1 is C—R d , U 2 is N, and U 3 is C—R e ; U 1 is N, U 2 is N, and U 3 is C—R e ; or U 3 is N, one of U 1 and U 2 is N, and the other is C—R d .
• Exemplary compounds include those in which V 1 is NH, V 1 is O, R d is Cl, R g or R g1 is —P(O)(CH 3 ) 2 or —P(O)(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 , and/or R b4 is —NHC(O)C(R 11 ) ⁇ CH 2 .
• R b4 is —NHC(O)C(R 11 ) ⁇ CH 2 ;
• R 11 is —C(O)—OR 12 , —CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl;
• R 12 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl;
• R d is Cl; and
• R g or R g1 is selected from —P(O)(CH 3 ) 2 and —P(O)(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 .
• R b4 is —NHC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 .
• the invention features a method for treating an EGFR-driven cancer in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention features a method for treating an EGFR-driven cancer in a subject, the method including (a) providing a subject having an EGFR-driven cancer characterized by the presence of a mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (EGFR), and (b) administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• EGFR-driven cancer is characterized by the presence of one or more mutations selected from: (i) L858R, (ii) T790M, (iii) both L858R and T790M, (iv) delE746_A750, and (v) both delE746_A750 and T790M.
• the EGFR-driven cancer can be a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS); glioblastoma; pancreatic cancer; head and neck cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma); breast cancer; colorectal cancer; epithelial cancer; ovarian cancer; prostate cancer; an adenocarcinoma, or any EGFR-driven cancer described herein.
• NSCMS non-small cell lung cancer
• glioblastoma pancreatic cancer
• head and neck cancer e.g., squamous cell carcinoma
• breast cancer colorectal cancer
• epithelial cancer ovarian cancer
• prostate cancer an adenocarcinoma, or any EGFR-driven cancer described herein.
• the method further includes administering to the subject a first kinase inhibitor selected from erlotinib, gefitinib, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, within 6 days (e.g., within 2 weeks, 1 week, 6 days, 5 days, 4 days, 3 days, 2 days, 1 day, or simultaneously) of administering the compound of the invention (e.g., a compound of any of Formulas (I), (Ia)-(Ic), (IIa)-(IIc), (IIIa)-(IIIe), (IVa)-(IVe), (Va)-(Ve), (VIa)-(VIe), (VIIIa)-(VIIIe), (IXa)-(IXe), and (Xa)-(Xe)), wherein each of the compound of the invention and the first kinase inhibitor are administered in an amount that together is sufficient to treat the EGFR-driven cancer.
• a first kinase inhibitor selected from erlotinib, gefitinib
• the invention features a method of inhibiting the proliferation of a cell expressing an EGFR mutant, the method including contacting the cell with a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in an amount sufficient to inhibit the proliferation.
• the EGFR mutant can be characterized by the presence of one or more mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (EGFR) selected from: (i) L858R, (ii) T790M, (iii) both L858R and T790M, (iv) delE746_A750, (v) both delE746_A750 and T790M, and any other EGFR mutations described herein.
• EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor kinase
• the cell is a cancer cell (e.g., a cell from a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS); glioblastoma; pancreatic cancer; head and neck cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma); breast cancer; colorectal cancer; epithelial cancer; ovarian cancer; prostate cancer; an adenocarcinoma, or any other EGFR expressing cancer described herein).
• NSC non-small cell lung cancer
• glioblastoma pancreatic cancer
• head and neck cancer e.g., squamous cell carcinoma
• breast cancer colorectal cancer
• epithelial cancer ovarian cancer
• prostate cancer an adenocarcinoma, or any other EGFR expressing cancer described herein.
• the invention further features a method of treating an EGFR-driven cancer refractory to a first kinase inhibitor selected from erlotinib, gefitinib, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in a subject by administering to the subject a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in an amount sufficient to treat the cancer.
• a first kinase inhibitor selected from erlotinib, gefitinib, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof
• the compound in any of Formulas I, III(a)-(e), IV(a)-(e), V(a)-(e), VI(a)-(e), VII(a)-(e), VIII(a)-(e), IX(a)-(e), and X(a)-(e), the compound can be either in its free base form, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• the response criteria for the methods of the invention can be graded according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) guidelines (see Eur. J. Cancer 45:228 (2009)) that define when cancer patients improve (“respond”), stay the same (“stabilize”), or worsen (“progression”) during treatments.
• a complete response is characterized by: (i) disappearance of all target lesions; and (ii) any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to ⁇ 10 mm.
• a partial response is characterized by: (i) at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.
• a progressive disease is characterized by (i) at least a 5%, 10%, or 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study); or (ii) the appearance of one or more new lesions.
• administering refers to a method of giving a dosage of a pharmaceutical composition to a mammal, where the method is, e.g., oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, or intramuscular.
• the preferred method of administration can vary depending on various factors, e.g., the components of the pharmaceutical composition, site of the potential or actual disease and severity of disease.
• EGFR-driven cancer is meant a cancer characterized by inappropriately high expression of an EGFR gene or by a mutation in an EGFR gene that alters the biological activity of an EGFR nucleic acid molecule or polypeptide.
• EGFR-driven cancers can arise in any tissue, including brain, blood, connective tissue, liver, mouth, muscle, spleen, stomach, testis, and trachea.
• EGFR-driven cancers can include non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS), including one or more of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), BAC with focal invasion, adenocarcinoma with BAC features, and large cell carcinoma; neural tumors, such as glioblastomas; pancreatic cancer; head and neck cancers (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma); breast cancer; colorectal cancer; epithelial cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma; ovarian cancer; prostate cancer; adenocarcinomas; and including cancers which are EGFR mediated.
• NSCS non-small cell lung cancer
• BAC bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
• BAC bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
• BAC BAC with focal invasion, adenocarcinoma with BAC features, and large cell carcinoma
• neural tumors such as glioblastomas
• pancreatic cancer head
• an “EGFR mutant” or “mutant” includes one or more deletions, substitutions, or additions in the amino acid or nucleotide sequences of EGFR protein, or EGFR coding sequence.
• the EGFR mutant can also include one or more deletions, substitutions, or additions, or a fragment thereof, as long as the mutant retains or increases tyrosine kinase activity, compared to wild type EGFR.
• kinase or phosphorylation activity can be increased (e.g., by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or even 100%), as compared to wild type EGFR.
• Particular EGFR mutants are described herein, where mutations are provided relative to the position of an amino acid in human EGFR, as described in the sequence provided in NCBI GenBank Reference Sequence: NP — 005219.2.
• the term “inhibiting the proliferation of a cell expressing an EGFR mutant” refers to measurably slowing, stopping, or reversing the growth rate of the EGFR-expressing cells in vitro or in vivo. Desirably, a slowing of the growth rate is by at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, or even 70%, as determined using a suitable assay for determination of cell growth rates (e.g., a cell growth assay described herein).
• the EGFR mutant can be any EGFR mutant described herein.
• refractory refers to a cancer which is progressive in response to a given particular therapy.
• the cancer can be refractory either from the initial administration of the therapy; or become refractory over time in response to the therapy.
• sequence identity is meant the shared identity between two or more nucleic acid sequence, or two or more amino acid sequences, expressed in the terms of the identity between the sequences. Sequence identity can be measured in terms of percentage identity; the higher the percentage, the more identical the sequences are. Homologs or orthologs of nucleic acid or amino acid sequences possess a relatively high degree of sequence identity when aligned using standard methods. Methods of alignment of sequences for comparison are well known in the art. Various programs and alignment algorithms are described in: Smith and Watermann, Adv. Appl. Math. 2:482 (1981); Needleman and Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443 (1970); Pearson and Lipman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
• NCBI National Center for Biological Information
• the option can be set as follows: ⁇ i is set to a file containing the first nucleic acid sequence to be compared; ⁇ j is set to a file containing the second nucleic acid sequence to be compared; ⁇ p is set to blastn; ⁇ o is set to any desired file name; ⁇ q is set to ⁇ 1; ⁇ r is set to 2; and all other options are left at their default setting.
• the number of matches is determined by counting the number of positions where an identical nucleotide or amino acid residue is present in both sequences.
• the percent sequence identity is determined by dividing the number of matches either by the length of the sequence set forth in the identified sequence, or by an articulated length (such as 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400 consecutive nucleotides or amino acid residues from a sequence set forth in an identified sequence), followed by multiplying the resulting value by 100.
• an articulated length such as 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400 consecutive nucleotides or amino acid residues from a sequence set forth in an identified sequence
• Nucleic acid molecules that hybridize under stringent conditions to an EGFR gene sequence typically hybridize to a probe based on either an entire EGFR gene or selected portions of the gene (e.g., the kinase domain or a segment of the gene that contains the mutated codons described herein), under conditions described above.
• treating refers to administering a pharmaceutical composition for prophylactic and/or therapeutic purposes.
• To “prevent disease” refers to prophylactic treatment of a subject who is not yet ill, but who is susceptible to, or otherwise at risk of, a particular disease.
• To “treat disease” or use for “therapeutic treatment” refers to administering treatment to a subject already suffering from a disease to improve or stabilize the subject's condition.
• treating is the administration to a subject either for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes.
• substituents may be selected from those disclosed herein as generally appropriate in the given context, e.g. on an alkyl carbon, an aryl carbon, etc., and specifically include substitution exemplified in the examples.
• Other parameters of functional groups are also disclosed in detail below.
• alkyl refers to linear, branched, cyclic, and polycyclic non aromatic hydrocarbon groups, which may be substituted or unsubstituted. Unless otherwise specified, “alkyl” groups contain one to eight, and typically one to six carbon atoms.
• alkyl examples include, without limitation, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, cyclohexyl, and n-heptyl, among others.
• alkyl groups include, without limitation, haloalkyl groups (e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl), hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, and phenethyl, among others.
• haloalkyl groups e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl
• hydroxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl
• benzyl substituted benzyl
• phenethyl phenethyl
• alkoxy refers to a subset of alkyl in which an alkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of carbons attached through an oxygen bridge, —O-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 8 carbons atoms and is substituted or unsubstituted.
• alkoxy groups include, without limitation, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, t-butoxy, n-butoxy, s-pentoxy, —OCF 3 , and —O-cyclopropyl.
• haloalkyl refers to a subset of alkyl in which an alkyl group as defined above having one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl substituted with a halogen atom.
• exemplary haloalkyl groups include, without limitation, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl and the like.
• alkenyl refers to a branched or unbranched hydrocarbon group containing one or more double bonds and having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
• An alkenyl may optionally include monocyclic or polycyclic rings, in which each ring desirably has from three to six members.
• the alkenyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• Alkenyl groups include, without limitation, vinyl, allyl, 2-cyclopropyl-1-ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, and 2-methyl-2-propenyl.
• alkynyl refers to a branched or unbranched hydrocarbon group containing one or more triple bonds and having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
• the alkynyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• Alkynyls include, without limitation, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, and 3-butynyl.
• cycloalkyl refers to cyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon groups of from 3 to 13 carbon atoms, any of which is saturated. Cycloalkyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. Exemplary cycloalkyl groups include, without limitation, cyclopropyl, norbornyl, [2.2.2]bicyclooctane, and [4.4.0]bicyclodecane, and the like, which, as in the case of other alkyl moieties, may optionally be substituted.
• cycloalkenyl refers to cyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon groups of from 3 to 13 carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, containing one or more double bonds. Cycloalkenyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. Exemplary cycloalkenyl groups include, without limitation, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cyclooctenyl.
• cycloalkynyl refers to cyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon groups of from 5 to 13 carbon atoms containing one or more triple bonds. Cycloalkynyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• heteroalkyl means a branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms in addition to 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, and P.
• Heteroalkyls include, without limitation, tertiary amines, secondary amines, ethers, thioethers, amides, thioamides, carbamates, thiocarbamates, hydrazones, imines, phosphodiesters, phosphoramidates, sulfonamides, and disulfides.
• a heteroalkyl may optionally include monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic rings, in which each ring desirably has three to six members.
• the heteroalkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• heteroalkyls include, without limitation, polyethers, such as methoxymethyl and ethoxyethyl.
• heterocyclic ring and “heterocyclyl” refer to non-aromatic ring systems having five to fourteen ring atoms in which one or more ring carbons, preferably one to four, are each replaced by a heteroatom such as N, O, S, or P, which may be used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “heterocyclyl-alkyl” (a heterocyclyl-substituted C 1-6 alkyl), “heterocyclyl-alkoxy” (a heterocyclyl-substituted C 1-6 alkoxy), or “heterocycloxy-alkyl” (a heterocycloxy-substituted C 1-6 alkyl), and includes aralkyl, aralkoxy, and aryloxyalkyl groups.
• Heterocyclic rings may be substituted or unsubstituted and may include one, two, or three fused or unfused ring systems.
• the heterocyclic ring is a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic or 7- to 14-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring consisting of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
• heterocyclic rings include, without limitation, 3-1H-benzimidazol-2-one, (1-substituted)-2-oxo-benzimidazol-3-yl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-tetrahydrothiophenyl, 3-tetrahydrothiophenyl, 2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 2-thiomorpholinyl, 3-thiomorpholinyl, 4-thiomorpholinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 4-thiazolidinyl, diazolonyl, N-substituted diazolonyl, 1-phthalimidinyl, benzoxanyl, benzopyrrolidinyl, benzopiperi
• a heterocyclyl group can include two or more of the ring systems listed above.
• Heterocyclic rings include those in which a non-aromatic heteroatom-containing ring is fused to one or more aromatic or non-aromatic rings, such as in an indolinyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl, where the radical or point of attachment is on the non-aromatic heteroatom-containing ring.
• aryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl” (an aryl-substituted C 1-6 alkyl), “aralkoxy” (an aryl-substituted C 1-6 alkoxy), or “aryloxyalkyl” (an aryloxy-substituted C 1-6 alkyl), refers to aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic ring groups having six to fourteen ring atoms, such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthracyl, and 2-anthracyl and includes aralkyl, aralkoxy, and aryloxyalkyl groups.
• aryl may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• aryl includes fused polycyclic aromatic ring systems in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more rings.
• Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, halophenyl, alkoxyphenyl, dialkoxyphenyl, trialkoxyphenyl, alkylenedioxyphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, phenanthro, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthracyl, and 2-anthracyl.
• aryl is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more non-aromatic rings, such as in a indanyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, where the radical or point of attachment is on the aromatic ring.
• heteroaryl refers to stable heterocyclic, and polyheterocyclic aromatic moieties having 5-14 ring atoms. Heteroaryl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted and include both monocyclic and polycyclic ring systems.
• heteroaryl rings include 5-membered monocyclic rings, such as thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, isothiazolyl, furazanyl, isoxazolyl, and thiazolyl; 6-membered monocyclic rings, such as pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, and triazinyl; and polycyclic heterocyclic rings, such as benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxathienyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinox
• heteroaryl rings include, without limitation, 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, N-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-oxadiazolyl, 5-oxadiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidyl, 4-pyrimidyl, 5-pyrimidyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 5-tetrazolyl, 2-triazolyl, 5-triazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, carbazolyl, benzimidazoly
• Heteroaryl groups further include a group in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aromatic or nonaromatic rings where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring, such as tetrahydroquinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, and pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyiridinyl, imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidyl, pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidyl, imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidyl, pyrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazine, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinox
• An aryl group or heteroaryl group may contain one or more substituents.
• substituents for aryl or heteroaryl group include halogen (F, Cl, Br or I), alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, —NO 2 , —CN, —R A , —OR B , —S(O) r R B , (wherein r is 0, 1 or 2), —SO 2 NR A R B , —NR A R B , —O—NR A R B , —NR A —NR A R B , —(CO)YR B , —O(CO)YR B , —NR A (CO)YR B , —S(CO)YR B , —NR A C( ⁇ S)YR B , —OC( ⁇ S)YR B , —C( ⁇ S)YR B , —YC( ⁇ NR A )YR B , —YC(
• R C is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
• each of R A and R B is, independently, selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
• R A , R B and R C optionally bears one or more substituents selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, halogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, carbocycle, heterocycle, alkylaminocarbonyl, dial kylaminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyloxy, dialkylaminocarbonyloxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy groups, hydroxy, protected hydroxyl groups (e.g., —O—X, where X is acyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, phenethyl, or substituted phenethyl), -M-heteroaryl, -M-heterocycle, -M-aryl, -M-OR B , -M-SR B
• Non-limiting illustrations of a substituted R A , R B or R C group include haloalkyl and trihaloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, halophenyl, chloromethyl, trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxyethyl, alkoxyphenyl, halophenyl, —CH 2 -aryl, —CH 2 -heterocycle, —CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , —C(O)CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 OC(O)NH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NEt 2 , —CH 2 OCH 3 , —C(O)NH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 -heterocycle, —C( ⁇ S)CH 3 , —C( ⁇ S)NH 2 , —C( ⁇ NH)NH 2 , —C( ⁇ NH
• alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, or heterocyclic group may contain one or more substituents selected from those listed above for aryl and heteroaryl groups, in addition to ⁇ O, ⁇ S, ⁇ NH, ⁇ NNR A R B , ⁇ NNHC(O)R B , ⁇ NNHCO 2 RB, or ⁇ NNHSO 2 RB, wherein R A and R B are as defined above.
• the EGFR-driven cancers which can be treated using the compositions and method of the invention include, for example, EGFR mutants including one or more deletions, substitutions, or additions in the amino acid or nucleotide sequences of EGFR, or fragments thereof.
• Mutations in EGFR can occur in any part of the EGFR sequence.
• EGFR mutants arise from mutations in the kinase domain (i.e., exons 18-24 in the EGFR sequence) or in the extracellular domain (i.e., exons 2-16 in the EGFR sequence).
• mutations typically occur in the kinase domain, including one or more of a point mutation in exon 18 (e.g., L688P, V689M, P694L/S, N700D, L703V, E709K/Q/A/GN, 1715S, L718P, G719C/A/S/R, or S720P/F), a deletion in exon 19 that may or may not include an insertion (e.g., delG719, delE746_E749, delE746_A750, delE746_A750insRP, delE746_A750insQP, delE746_T751, delE746_T751insA/I/V, delE746_T751insVA, delE746_S752, delE746_S752insAN/D, delE746_P53insLS, delL747_E749
• activation mutants are typical, and 90% deletion of 746-750 (ELREA) and L858R result in sustained phosphorylation of EGFR without ligand stimulation.
• ELREA 746-750
• L858R L858R
• mutations typically, but not exclusively, occur in the extracellular domain, including EGFR variant I (EGFRvI) lacking the extracellular domain and resembling the v-erbB oncoprotein; EGFRvII lacking 83 amino acids from domain IV; and EGFRvIII lacking amino acids 30-297 from domains I and II, which is the most common amplification and is reported in 30-50% of glioblastomas and 5% of squamous cell carcinoma.
• EGFRvI EGFR variant I
• EGFRvIII lacking 83 amino acids from domain IV
• EGFRvIII lacking amino acids 30-297 from domains I and II, which is the most common amplification and is reported in 30-50% of glioblastomas and 5% of squamous cell carcinoma.
• Other mutations for glioblastoma include one or more of point mutations in exon 2 (e.g., D46N or G63R), exon 3 (e.g., R108K in domain I), exon 7 (e.g., T263P or A289D/TN in domain II), exon 8 (e.g., R324L or E330K), exon 15 (e.g., P596L or G598V in domain IV), or exon 21 (L861Q in the kinase domain).
• exon 2 e.g., D46N or G63R
• exon 3 e.g., R108K in domain I
• exon 7 e.g., T263P or A289D/TN in domain II
• exon 8 e.g., R324L or E330K
• exon 15 e.g., P596L or G598V in domain IV
• exon 21 L861Q in the kinase domain
• EGFR mutants also include those with a combination of two or more mutations, as described herein.
• Exemplary combinations include S7681 and G719A; S7681 and V769L; H773R and W731Stop; R776G and L858R; R776H and L861Q; T790M and L858R; T790M and delE746_A750; R803W and delE746_T751insVA; delL747_E749 and A750P; delL747_S752 and E746V; delL747_S752 and P753S; P772_H773insYNP and H773Y; P772_H773insNP and H773Y; and D770_N771insG and N771T.
• T790M e.g., T790M and L858R or T790M and delE746_A750, with or without concomitant inhibition of single mutants L858R and delE746_A750.
• EGFR mutants can be either activation mutants or resistant mutants.
• Activation mutants include those with substitutions that increase drug sensitivity (e.g., G719C/S/A, delE746_A750, or L858R).
• Resistant mutants include those with substitutions that increase drug resistance (e.g., T790M or any combination including T790M).
• EGFR-driven cancers include those having any mutant described herein.
• EGFRvIII is commonly found in glioblastoma and has also been reported in breast, ovarian, prostate, and lung carcinomas.
• Exemplary EGFR-driven cancers glioblastoma, lung cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), BAC with focal invasion, adenocarcinoma with BAC features, and large cell carcinoma), pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancers (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma), breast cancer, colorectal cancer, epithelial cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma), ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer.
• lung cancer e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), BAC with focal invasion, adenocar
• the invention described herein would benefit patient populations having higher risk for TKI-resistant mutations.
• About 8,000 to 16,000 new cases per year can be estimated based on: incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (about 160,000 new cases in the U.S.), the response to erlonitinib in the general population (about 10%, resulting in a sensitive population of 16,000), the presence of activation mutations (10-20% in white and 30-40% in Asian population, resulting in a sensitive population of 16,000-32,000), acquisition of secondary resistance (most if not all patients, resulting in a sensitive population of 16,000-32,000), and percentage of patients carrying the T790M point mutations (about 50%, resulting in a sensitive population of 8,000-16,000).
• Patients having TKI-resistant mutations include those patients having cancers resistant to one or more of erlotinib, gefitinib, CL-387,785, BIBW 2992 (CAS Reg. No. 439081-18-2), Cl-1033, neratinib (HKI-272), MP-412 (AV-412), PF-299804, AEE78, and XL64.
• the inventions relates to treatment of EGFR-driven cancers having the T790M point mutation.
• reversible inhibitors e.g., C1-1033, neratinib (HKI-272), and PF-299804
• C1-1033, neratinib (HKI-272), and PF-299804 are less potent in cell lines having the T790M mutation and do not inhibit T790M at clinically achievable concentrations. Since the ATP Km of T790M and WT are similar, concentrations that inhibit the mutant will inhibit the WT and result in gastrointestinal and cutaneous events.
• An EGFR mutant also includes other amino acid and nucleotide sequences of EGFR with one or more deletions, substitutions, or additions, such as point mutations, that retain or increase tyrosine kinase or phosphorylation activity.
• preferable substitutions are conservative substitutions, which are substitutions between amino acids similar in properties such as structural, electric, polar, or hydrophobic properties.
• the substitution can be conducted between basic amino acids (e.g., Lys, Arg, and His), or between acidic amino acids (e.g., Asp and Glu), or between amino acids having non-charged polar side chains (e.g., Gly, Asn, Gin, Ser, Thr, Tyr, and Cys), or between amino acids having hydrophobic side chains (e.g., Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, and Met), or between amino acids having branched side chains (e.g., Thr, Val, Leu, and Ile), or between amino acids having aromatic side chains (e.g., Tyr, Trp, Phe, and His).
• basic amino acids e.g., Lys, Arg, and His
• acidic amino acids e.g., Asp and Glu
• amino acids having non-charged polar side chains e.g., Gly, Asn, Gin, Ser, Thr, Tyr, and Cys
• amino acids having hydrophobic side chains e.
• the DNA encoding an EGFR mutant protein may comprise a nucleotide sequence capable of hybridizing to a complement sequence of the nucleotide sequence encoding an EGFR mutant, as defined herein, under stringent conditions.
• the stringent conditions include low, medium or high stringent conditions.
• An example of the stringent conditions includes hybridization at approximately 42-55° C. in approximately 2-6 ⁇ SSC, followed by wash at approximately 50-65° C. in approximately 0.1-1 ⁇ SSC containing approximately 0.1-0.2% SDS, where 1 ⁇ SSC is a solution containing 0.15 M NaCl and 0.015 M Na citrate, pH 7.0. Wash can be performed once or more.
• stringent conditions may be set at a temperature approximately 5° C. lower than a melting temperature (Tm) of a specific nucleotide sequence at defined ionic strength and pH.
• Tm melting temperature
• GenBank accession numbers for EGFR include MIM131550, AA128420, NM — 005228, NP — 005219.2, and GeneID: 1956.
• compositions and methods of the invention can be used to treat subjects having an EGFR-driven cancer (i.e., cancers characterized by EGFR mutant expression or overexpression).
• EGFR mutant expression or overexpression can be determined in a diagnostic or prognostic assay by evaluating levels of EGFR mutants in biological sample, or secreted by the cell (e.g., via an immunohistochemistry assay using anti-EGFR antibodies or anti-p-EGFR antibodies; FACS analysis, etc.).
• FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization using a nucleic acid based probe corresponding to an EGFR mutant-encoding nucleic acid or the complement thereof
• FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization using a nucleic acid based probe corresponding to an EGFR mutant-encoding nucleic acid or the complement thereof
• PCR polymerase chain reaction
• RT-PCR real time quantitative PCR
• various in vivo assays are available to the skilled practitioner. For example, one can expose cells within the body of the mammal to an antibody which is optionally labeled with a detectable label, e.g., a radioactive isotope, and binding of the antibody to cells in the mammal can be evaluated, e.g., by external scanning for radioactivity or by analyzing a biopsy taken from a mammal previously exposed to the antibody.
• a detectable label e.g., a radioactive isotope
• Examples of biological properties that can be measured in isolated cells include mRNA expression, protein expression, and DNA quantification. Additionally, the DNA of cells isolated by the methods of the invention can be sequenced, or certain sequence characteristics (e.g., polymorphisms and chromosomal abnormalities) can be identified using standard techniques, e.g., FISH or PCR. The chemical components of cells, and other analytes, may also be assayed after isolation. Cells may also be assayed without lysis, e.g., using extracellular or intracellular stains or by other observation, e.g., morphology or growth characteristics in various media.
• sequence characteristics e.g., polymorphisms and chromosomal abnormalities
• FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization
• FISH is a cytogenetic technique which can be used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA or RNA sequences on chromosomes.
• FISH incorporates the use of fluorescently labeled nucleic acid probes which bind only to those parts of the chromosome with which they show a high degree of sequence similarity.
• Fluorescence microscopy can be used to find out where the fluorescent probe bound to the chromosome.
• the basic steps of FISH are outlined below.
• Exemplary FISH probes include Vysis EGFR SpectrumOrangel CEP SpectrumGreen Probe (Abbott, Downers Grove, Ill.), which hybridizes to band 7p12; and ZytoLight SPEC EGFR/CEN 7 Dual Color Probe (ZytoVision), which hybridizes to the alpha-satellite sequences of the centromere of chromosome 7.
• Probes are generally labeled with fluorophores, with targets for antibodies, with biotin, or any combination thereof. This can be done in various ways, for example using random priming, nick translation, and PCR using tagged nucleotides.
• a sample or aliquot of a population of cells is used for FISH analysis.
• cells are trypsinized to disperse into single cells, cytospun onto glass slides, and then fixed with paraformaldehyde before storing in 70% ethanol.
• the chromosomes are firmly attached to a substrate, usually glass. After preparation, the probe is applied to the chromosome RNA and starts to hybridize. In several wash steps, all unhybridized or partially hybridized probes are washed away.
• An epifluorescence microscope can be used for observation of the hybridized sequences.
• the white light of the source lamp is filtered so that only the relevant wavelengths for excitation of the fluorescent molecules arrive onto the sample.
• Emission of the fluorochromes happens, in general, at larger wavelengths, which allows one to distinguish between excitation and emission light by mean of another optical filter. With a more sophisticated filter set, it is possible to distinguish between several excitation and emission bands, and thus between several fluorochromes, which allows observation of many different probes on the same strand.
• FISH can have resolution ranging from huge chromosomes or tiny ( ⁇ 100 kilobase) sequences.
• the probes can be quantified simply by counting dots or comparing color.
• Allele-specific quantitative real time-PCR may also be used to identify a nucleic acid encoding a mutant EGFR protein (see, for e.g., Diagnostic Innovations DxS BCR-ABL T3151 Mutation Test Kit, and Singer et al., Methods in Molec. Biol. 181:145 (2001)).
• This technique utilizes Taq DNA polymerase, which is extremely effective at distinguishing between a match and a mismatch at the 3′-end of the primer (when the 3′-base is mismatched, no efficient amplification occurs).
• the 3′-end of the primer may be designed to specifically hybridize to a nucleic acid sequence that corresponds to a codon that encodes a mutant amino acid in an EGFR mutant, as described herein.
• the specific mutated sequences can be selectively amplified in a patient sample.
• This technique further utilizes a Scorpion probe molecule, which is a bifunctional molecule containing a PCR primer, a fluorophore, and a quencher. The fluorophore in the probe interacts with a quencher, which reduces fluorescence.
• the Scorpion probe binds to the amplicon, the fluorophore and quencher in the Scorpion probe become separated, which leads to an increase in fluorescence from the reaction tube.
• Any of the primers described herein may be used in allele-specific quantitative real time PCR.
• a biological sample can be analyzed to detect a mutation in an EGFR gene, or expression levels of an EGFR gene, by methods that are known in the art. For example, methods such as direct nucleic acid sequencing, altered hybridization, aberrant electrophoretic gel migration, binding or cleavage mediated by mismatch binding proteins, single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR products derived from a patient sample can be used to detect a mutation in an EGFR gene; ELISA can be used to measure levels of EGFR polypeptide; and PCR can be used to measure the level of an EGFR nucleic acid molecule.
• methods such as direct nucleic acid sequencing, altered hybridization, aberrant electrophoretic gel migration, binding or cleavage mediated by mismatch binding proteins, single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR products derived from a patient sample can be used to detect
• any of these techniques may be used to facilitate detection of a mutation in a candidate gene, and each is well known in the art; examples of particular techniques are described, without limitation, in Orita et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2766 (1989)) and Sheffield et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:232 (1989)).
• expression of the candidate gene in a biological sample e.g., a biopsy
• PCR see, e.g., Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y. (1995); PCR Technology: Principles and Applications for DNA Amplification, H. A. Ehrlich, Ed., Stockton Press, NY; Yap et al., Nucl. Acids. Res. 19:4294 (1991)).
• nucleic acid or protein sequence may identify in a nucleic acid or protein sequence a residue (e.g., amino acid or nucleotide) or codon that corresponds to a residue or codon in wild-type EGFR or EGFR mutants using a number of sequence alignment software programs (e.g., NCBI BLAST website). Such software programs may allow for gaps in the alignment of the compared sequences. Using such software, one skilled in the art may identify a nucleotide, amino acid, or amino acid that corresponding to a specific nucleotide, amino acid, or codon in wild-type EGFR or EGFR mutants.
• sequence alignment software programs e.g., NCBI BLAST website
• EGFR expression in a biological sample can be determined by using any of a number of standard techniques that are well known in the art or described herein.
• Exemplary biological samples include plasma, blood, sputum, pleural effusion, bronchoalveolar lavage, or biopsy, such as a lung biopsy and lymph node biopsy.
• EGFR expression in a biological sample e.g., a blood or tissue sample
• PCR Technology Principles and Applications for DNA Amplification, H. A. Ehrlich, Ed., Stockton Press, NY; Yap et al., Nucl. Acids. Res. 19:4294 (1991)).
• Compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared using methods and materials analogous to those described in the art, e.g., as disclosed in detail in International patent applications WO 2004/080980, WO 2005/016894, WO 2006/021454, WO 2006/021457, WO 2009/143389, and WO 2009/126515.
• compounds of Formula (I) in which R e is H and R d is H, Cl, CF 3 , or CH 3 can be synthesized from 2,4-dichloropyrimidine, 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine, 2,4-dichloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine, or 2,4-dichloro-5-methylpyrimidine, respectively, as described in PCT Publication No. WO/2009/143389.
• Compounds of Formula I can be Formulated into a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a compound of Formula I (as an active pharmaceutical ingredient) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• compositions containing a compound of Formula I suitable for administration may be Formulated using conventional materials and methods, a wide variety of which are well known. Suitable dosage forms include those in solution, suspension or emulsion form, and solid oral dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, gel caps, caplets, etc. Methods well known in the art for making Formulations, including the foregoing unit dosage forms, are found, for example, in “Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy” (20th ed., ed. A. R. Gennaro, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins).
• Compounds of Formula (I) can be Formulated for any route of administration (e.g., orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by transdermal patch, powders, ointments, or drops), sublingually, bucally, as an oral or nasal spray) effective for use in the methods of the invention.
• routes of administration e.g., orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by transdermal patch, powders, ointments, or drops), sublingually, bucally, as an oral or nasal spray
• routes of administration e.g., orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by transdermal patch, powders, ointments, or drops), sublingually, bucally, as an oral or nasal spray
• compounds of Formula (I) are
• a compound of Formula (I) can be Formulated for as a capsule for oral administration containing nominally 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, or any dosage amounts described herein as the free base or acid addition salt of the compound (e.g., the hydrochloride salt).
• the unit dosage forms of the invention can include a compound of the invention, or a salt thereof, Formulated with excipients, fillers, flow enhancers, lubricants, and/or disintegrants as needed.
• a unit dosage form can include colloidal silicon dioxide (a flow enhancer), lactose anhydrous (a filler), magnesium stearate (a lubricant), microcrystalline cellulose (a filler), and/or sodium starch glycolate (a disintegrant).
• colloidal silicon dioxide a flow enhancer
• lactose anhydrous a filler
• magnesium stearate a lubricant
• microcrystalline cellulose a filler
• sodium starch glycolate a disintegrant
• the compound of the invention and the inactive ingredients can be Formulated utilizing, for example, conventional blending, and encapsulation processes.
• compounds of Formula (I) are Formulated as described in PCT Publication Nos. WO2009/143389 and WO2009/126515.
• Compounds of Formula (I) can be useful for treating EGFR-driven cancers.
• the compounds can be useful for treating EGFR-driven cancers that express EGFR mutants and for treating EGFR-driven cancers that are refractory to TKI therapies (e.g., erlotinib or gefitinib).
• Such cancers can include, among others, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS), including one or more of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), BAC with focal invasion, adenocarcinoma with BAC features, and large cell carcinoma; neural tumors, such as glioblastomas; pancreatic cancer; head and neck cancers (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma); breast cancer; colorectal cancer; epithelial cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma; ovarian cancer; prostate cancer; adenocarcinomas; and including cancers which are EGFR mediated.
• NSCS non-small cell lung cancer
• BAC bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
• BAC bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
• BAC BAC with focal invasion, adenocarcinoma with BAC features, and large cell carcinoma
• neural tumors such as glioblastomas
• pancreatic cancer head
• the present invention is based upon the discovery that compounds of Formula (I) can be used to treat EGFR-driven cancers, EGFR-driven cancers that express EGFR mutants, and for treating EGFR-driven cancers that are refractory to TKI therapy, such as erlotinib or gefitinib.
• Compounds of Formula (I) can also be used in a maintenance role to prevent recurrence of cancer in patients in need of such a treatment.
• the effective systemic dose of a compound of Formula (I) will typically be in the range of an average daily dose of from 10 mg to 2,000 mg of the compound per kg of patient body weight, administered in single or multiple doses.
• a compound of the invention may be administered to patients in need of such treatment in a daily dose range of about 50 to about 2,000 mg per patient. Administration may be once or multiple times daily, weekly (or at some other multiple-day interval) or on an intermittent schedule.
• the compound may be administered one or more times per day on a weekly basis (e.g. every Monday) indefinitely or for a period of weeks, e.g. 4-10 weeks.
• it may be administered daily for a period of days (e.g.
• a compound of the invention may be administered daily for 5 days, then discontinued for 9 days, then administered daily for another 5 day period, then discontinued for 9 days, and so on, repeating the cycle indefinitely, or for a total of 4-10 times.
• each component of the combination therapy may be administered at their monotherapy dosing levels and schedules.
• erlotinib has been administered orally for the treatment of NSCLC at 150 mg daily and of pancreatic cancer at 100 mg daily.
• gefitinib has been administered orally for the treatment of NSCLC at 250 mg daily.
• the effective systemic dose of a compound of the invention will typically be in the range of an average daily dose of from 10 mg to 2,000 mg of the compound per kg of patient body weight, administered in single or multiple doses.
• a compound of the invention may be administered to patients in need of such treatment in a daily dose range of about 50 to about 2,000 mg per patient. Administration may be once or multiple times daily, weekly (or at some other multiple-day interval) or on an intermittent schedule.
• the compound may be administered one or more times per day on a weekly basis (e.g. every Monday) indefinitely or for a period of weeks, e.g. 4-10 weeks.
• it may be administered daily for a period of days (e.g.
• a compound of the invention may be administered daily for 5 days, then discontinued for 9 days, then administered daily for another 5 day period, then discontinued for 9 days, and so on, repeating the cycle indefinitely, or for a total of 4-10 times.
• a TKI e.g., erlotinib or gefitinib
• a compound of Formula (I) with a reduced dosing level in one or both components.
• the aniline (280 mg, 0.606 mmol) was dissolved in 8 mL of DCM and 0.3 mL of triethylamine was added. The mixture was cooled to ⁇ 35° C. and acryloyl chloride (54.8 mg, 49 ⁇ l, 0.606 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added in portions. The reaction was stirred around ⁇ 30° C. for 15 min and quenched with saturated Na 2 CO 3 . The mixture was worked up with sat. Na 2 CO 3 /DCM and purified with preparation plates to give a light brown solid, 205 mg, in 66% yield.
• Step 1 Compound 31 was prepared according to the procedure described for the synthesis of compound 1 in Example 1, using 2-iodo-3-methylaniline instead of 2-iodoaniline as the starting material.
• a suspension of 31 (0.53 mmol), 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine (1.0 eq), potassium carbonate (1.2 eq), and tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate (0.1 eq) in DMF was stirred at 65° C. for 18 hrs. Upon cooling the reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was taken up into a mixture of EtOAc and water. After extraction with EtOAc (3 ⁇ ), the combined organic phases were concentrated to give essentially pure material which was used directly in next step reaction.
• Step 2 A solution of 32 (0.82 mmol), 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline 33 (1 eq) and TFA (3 eq) in 2-BuOH (3 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 18 hrs. Upon cooling EtOAc and aq. NaHCO 3 were added to the reaction mixture. Extraction (3 ⁇ ) and concentration of combined extracts gave a solid which was purified on silica gel column (ISCO machine) with 10% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 as the eluents, furnishing 34 as a brownish solid (55%).
• Step 3 To a suspension of 34 (0.46 mmol) and zinc powder (6 eq) in acetone (9 mL) and water (1 mL) was added ammonium chloride (10 eq) at 0° C. After the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, HPLC indicated a complete conversion. Acetone was removed on rotavap and the residue was suspended in DCM and water. Filtration was carried out and the filtrate was extracted with DCM. Concentration of combined organic layers gave crude aniline 35, which was used in the next step without purification.
• Step 4 To a solution of aniline 35 (0.43 mmol) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (1.1 eq) in DCM (2 mL) was added acryloyl chloride (1.05 eq) at 0° C. After the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, the volatile components were removed on rotavap. The residue was purified on silica gel column with 3% MeOH in DCM as eluents, furnishing amide 36 as beige solid (48 mg, 21%).
• 2-(Dimethylaminomethyl)acrylic acid 39 was prepared according to a literature procedure ( Synth. Comm. 1995, 25, 641). To a solution of 39 (65 mg, 0.5 mmol), coupling reagent TBTU (1.2 eq) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (3.0 eq) in DMF (5 mL) and DCM (20 mL) was added 5 (1 eq). After the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, the volatile components were removed on rotavap and the residue was purified by reverse phase prep-HPLC, furnishing the title compound as a tan solid (23 mg, 9%).
• Step 1 the starting material 41 was prepared from 3-fluoro-4-chlorophenol via nitration and subsequent O-methylation, according to a published procedure (US Patent Publication No. 20080300242).
• the suspension of 41 (1.0 g, 4.86 mmol), 1-methylpiperzine (1 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (1 eq) in DMF (20 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 4 hrs. DMF was removed and the residue was partitioned between DCM and water. Extraction and concentration followed by silica gel column chromatograph (10% MeOH in DCM as eluents) furnished 42 (1.26 g, 91%).
• Steps 2 and 3 A degassed suspension of 42 (0.96 g, 3.4 mmol), benzophenone imine (1.5 eq), palladium acetate (0.1 eq), xantphos (0.2 eq) and cesium carbonate (1.6 eq) in DMF (20 mL) was heated at 110° C. overnight. Upon cooling the reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The solid residue was dissolved in dioxane and 2M aq. HCl (1:1, 40 mL) and then heated at 70° C. for 2 hrs. Upon removing dioxane on rotavap, the water layer was washed with DCM and then basified with aq. NaHCO 3 . Extraction and concentration followed by silica gel column chromatograph (10% MeOH in DCM as eluents) furnished 43 (0.41 g, 45%).
• Step 4 To a solution of 43 (0.38 g, 1.42 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added NaH (2 eq.) under N 2 at 0° C. in multiple portions. After bubbles of H 2 were no longer observed, Boc 2 O (4 eq.) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. and then refluxed for 2 hrs. The reaction was quenched with MeOH. Usual workup followed by silica gel column chromatograph (5% MeOH in DCM as eluents) furnished 44 (0.46 g, 88%).
• Step 5 With EtOAc as the solvent 44 (0.46 g) was hydrogenated under 50 psi to afford 45 (0.42 g, 99%). Upon removing the solvent, the crude material was used directly in the next step.
• Step 6 A degassed suspension of 45 (0.42 g, 3.4 mmol), 2 (1.5 eq), palladium acetate (0.1 eq), xantphos (0.2 eq) and cesium carbonate (1.3 eq) in DMF (10 mL) was heated at 110° C. for 48 hrs. Usual workup followed by silica gel column chromatograph (5% MeOH in DCM as eluents) furnished 46 (0.49 g, 64%).
• Step 7 To a solution of 46 in DCM was added excessive TFA. After the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs, the volatile components were removed on rotavap. The residue was dissolved in EtOAC and the solution was basified with aq. NaHCO 3 . Extraction and concentration gave 47 as tan solid.
• Step 8 Crude 47 (100 mg) was converted to 48 by using the procedure described in Example 14, step 4. The final product was purified by reverse phase prep-HPLC (10.4 mg, 9%).
• Step 1 Under N 2 , to a suspension of 41 (0.5 g, 2.43 mmol) and NaH (1.5 eq) in THF (10 mL) was added dropwise a solution of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (1.1 eq) in THF (2 mL) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. Usual workup followed by silica gel column chromatograph (10% MeOH in DCM as eluents) furnished 49 (0.53 g, 79%).
• Step 2 To a degassed suspension of 49 (0.275 g, 1.0 mmol), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (0.1 eq), 2-(di-t-butylphosphino)-N, N-dimethylbiphenylamine (0.1 eq) and sodium t-butoxide (1.4 eq) in dioxane (10 mL) was added a solution of NH 3 in dioxane (0.5 M in a N 2 -sealed bottle, 10 mL). The resulting mixture was heated at 80° C. for 3 hrs. Usual workup followed by silica gel column chromatograph (15% MeOH in DCM as eluents) furnished 50 (0.15 g, 55%).
• Steps 3 to 7 The poly-substituted aniline 50 was converted to the title compound 51 according to the procedure described in Example 18 by substituting 50 for 43.
• 2,4-Dimethoxy-5-nitroaniline 53 was prepared from 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene via double S N Ar substitution to generate 52 and subsequent mono-reduction of nitro groups, according to a published procedure ( J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 10660). This was converted to the title compound 54 as for Example 14 by substituting 53 for 33 and 2 for 32.
• Step 1 A degassed suspension of 2-nitro-4-bromoanisole (2.32 g, 10 mmol), N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (1.1 eq), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (0.02 eq), dppf (0.04 eq) and sodium t-butoxide (1.5 eq) in dioxane (20 mL) was heated at 110° C. overnight. Upon cooling the reaction was quenched with water. The volatile components were removed on rotavap and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and water. Extraction and concentration followed by silica gel column chromatograph (15% MeOH in DCM as eluents) furnished 55 (0.66 g, 26%).
• Steps 2 to 6 The secondary amine 55 was converted to the title compound 56 as for Example 18 by substituting 55 for 43.
• Step 1 Acetic anhydride (7.8 mL, 82.6 mmol) was added dropwise with vigorously stirring to a suspension of 3-fluoro-4-aminophenol (10 g, 78.6 mmol) in water (20 mL). Insoluble amide started to precipitate as a white solid in a few minutes. After the reaction mixture was stirred for 10 more minutes, the white solid was collected via filtration and washed with cold water. Silica gel column chromatograph (5% MeOH in DCM as eluent) gave pure 57 (8.75 g, 66%).
• Step 2 To a suspension of 57 (8.75 g, 51.73 mmol) and K 2 CO 3 (1.1 eq) in THF (30 mL) was added methyl iodide (1.2 eq). The mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 60° C. overnight. Filtration and concentration followed by silica gel column chromatograph (5% MeOH in DCM as eluent) furnished pure 58 (7.17 g, 89%).
• Step 3 Nitric acid (70%, 3.83 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 58 (7 g) in DCM (70 mL) with vigorously stirring. After stirred at room temperature for 1 hr, the reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 hrs. DCM was removed on rotavap and the residue was washed with cold water and then subjected to a silica gel column chromatograph purification (5% MeOH in DCM as eluent) to afford 59 (3.26 g, 37%).
• Step 4 Poly-substituted nitrobenzene 59 was reduced to corresponding aniline 60 according to the procedure described in Example 14, step 3.
• Step 5 Poly-substituted aniline 60 (200 mg, 1 mmol) was coupled with precursor 2 (1.5 eq) to afford 61 (320 mg, 67%) via the procedure described in Example 18, step 6.
• Step 6 N-arylacetamide 61 (320 mg) was heated at reflux in 6N HCl for 30 min. After basification, extraction and concentration aryl amine 62 was obtained (290 mg, 98%).
• Step 7 Crude 62 (150 mg) was converted to 63 by using the procedure described in Example 14, step 4. The final product was purified by reverse phase prep-HPLC (41 mg, 24%).
• Step 1 2,4-Dchloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (5.0 g, 27 mmol) was suspended in MeCN (300 mL) and AcOH (60 mL); to this was added selectfluor (1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate), 1.4 eq, 13.2 g) in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight. HPLC monitoring indicated complete conversion. After the solvents were evaporated to the volume of ⁇ 100 mL, toluene (20 mL) was added and the suspension was filtered.
• Step 2 A solution of 64 (1.22 g, 6 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was slowly added to a suspension of NaH (1 eq) in THF (10 mL) at 0° C. After the mixture was stirred for 10 min, a solution of tosyl chloride (1 eq) in THF (5 mL) was slowly added. Stirring was continued for 30 min at 0° C. and then at room temperature overnight. The reaction was shown to be complete via HPLC monitoring and was quenched via the addition of aq. NH 4 Cl (1-2 mL). The reaction mixture was then filtered through celite and the filtrate was evaporated. The crude product was purified via column chromatography (ISCO machine, EtOAc/Heptane, EtOAc on a 0-100% gradient) to give 65 (1.22 g, 56%).
• Step 3 In a microwave vessel (20 mL) were placed 65 (600 mg, 1.7 mmol), 1 (282 mg, 1.7 mmol) and isopropanol (10 mL). After HCl (1.3 mL, 4 M in dioxane) was added, the resulting mixture was stirred in the microwave reactor at 150° C. for 2 hrs. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was purified via silica column chromatography (ISCO machine, EtOAc/Heptane, 0-100% EtOAc to elute impurities and then MeOH/DCM, 0-20% MeOH) to give pure 66 (900 mg, 54%).
• Step 4 Intermediate 66 (493 mg, 1 mmol), 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline 33 (168 mg, 1 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (1.4 mmol), Pd 2 dba 3 (5 mol %) and X-Phos (10 mol %) were weighed into a 100 mL round bottom flask and placed under N 2 .
• the solvents toluene (10 mL) and tert-butanol (2 mL) were added as a mixture and the stirring solution was evacuated and backfilled with N 2 three times. The resulting mixture was then stirred overnight at 110° C. HPLC showed the reaction to be complete and the solvents were evaporated.
• the residue was purified by silica column chromatography on ISCO machine (5% MeOH in DCM as eluents) to give coupling product 67 (570 mg, 91%).
• Step 5 Poly-substituted nitrobenzene 67 was reduced to corresponding aniline 68 according to the procedure described in Example 14, step 3.
• Step 6 Crude aniline 68 (123 mg) was converted to 69 by using the procedure described in Example 14, step 4. The product was purified by silica column chromatography on ISCO machine (5% MeOH in DCM as eluents). Yield: 69 mg, 51%.
• Step 7 A solution of 69 (60 mg) and TBAF (1 M in THF, 0.3 mL) in THF (10 mL) was refluxed for 5 hrs. HPLC indicated a complete reaction. After the solvent was evaporated, the residue was purified by silica column chromatography on ISCO machine (5% MeOH in DCM as eluents). The product was co-eluted with TBAF; water wash furnished pure product (10 mg, 21%).
• Step 1 To a suspension of 5-fluoro-2-nitroanisole (50 mmol, 8.5 g) and zinc powder (3.5 eq, 11.4 g) in acetone (45 mL) and water (5 mL) was added ammonium chloride (11 eq, 29.3 g) at 0° C. in multiple portions. After the mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight, HPLC indicated a complete conversion. Acetone was removed on rotavap and the residue was suspended in DCM and water. Filtration was carried out and the filtrate was extracted with DCM. Concentration of combined organic layers gave crude aniline ( ⁇ 7.0 g), which was used in the next step without purification.
• Step 2 To a suspension of 4-fluoro-2-methoxyaniline (5.1 g, 36.1 mmol) in concentrated sulfuric acid (55 mL) was added guanidine nitrate (4.38 g, 36.1 mmol) in portion wise under ice cooling over 15 min. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for additional 15 min. The reaction was then poured into a saturated cold NaHCO 3 solution and the precipitated solid were collected by filtration. The residue was taken up in EtOAc and dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 . The solvent was stripped off to afford the B (4.72 g).
• Step 3 The above compound B (0.1 g, 0.53 mmol) and 4-(ortho dimethyl phosphinyl anilino)-5-chloro-2-chloro pyrimidine (0.17 g, 0.53 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture of 2-butanol (1.2 mL) & trifluoroacetic acid (0.25 mL) and were heated to 100° C. in a seal tube for overnight. The reaction mixture was then cooled to rt and poured into a saturated NaHCO 3 solution while stirring to afford an orange solid which was filtered, washed with Et 2 O to remove final traces of water. The product was dried to afford C (0.19 g) which was directly used in the next step.
• Step 4 NaH (0.039 g, 0.96 mmol, 60% dispersion in oil) was taken up in a dry capped microwave vial. To this, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylpiperazine (0.023 g, 0.16 mmol) dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (1.6 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at rt for 20 min. Intermediate C (0.075 g, 0.16 mmol) was then added in one portion to this suspension and the mixture was heated to 67° C. in the closed seal tube for 25 min. The mixture was allowed to reach at rt and quenched with a few drops of methanol. Solvent was removed under vacuum and the resultant crude was subjected to FCC eluting with DCM-MeOH (95/5) to furnish the desired product D (0.081 g).
• Step 5 Compound D (0.078 g, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of acetone (1.3 mL) and water (0.3 mL). To this, zinc nano powder (0.07 g, 1.3 mmol) was added immediately followed by addition of NH 4 Cl (0.16 g, 2.6 mmol) in small portions. The mixture was vigorously stirred at r.t for 30 min. Anhydrous Na2SO4 was then added to this stirring mixture and the resultant crude was filtered, solvents were evaporated and the residue were taken up in DCM and directly loaded on the silica gel cartridge and eluted with DCM-MeOH—NH 3 (90/10) to furnish the desired product E (0.044 g).
• Step 6 To a solution of E (0.044 g, 0.078 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (0.52 mL) was added DIPEA (0.027 mL, 0.156 mmol) at 0° C. under stirring. This was followed by the addition of acryloyl chloride (0.007 g, 0.078 mmol). The reaction was stirred at that temperature for additional 1 h. Solvent was stripped off under vacuum and the crude was purified by FCC using DCM-MeOH—NH 3 (90/10) to furnish a gum which was further triturated with Et 2 O to furnish a solid material F (0.02 g).
• Step 1 The suspension of advanced intermediate C, (3-dimethylamino)pyrrolidine (1 eq) and K2CO3 (2 eq) in DMF was stirred at r.t. overnight. The solid components were filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated on rotavap and then on vacuum pump. The residue was essentially pure by HPLC analysis and was used directly in the next step.
• Steps 2 and 3 these were carried out according to the procedure outlined in Scheme 24, steps 5 and 6.
• Step 1 the starting material A underwent a S N Ar reaction with intermediate 2 according to the procedure described in step 1 of Example 14.
• Step 2 To a solution of compound B (246 mg, 0.5 mmol), coupling reagent TBTU (1.2 eq) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (3.0 eq) in DMSO (10 mL) was added piperazine (1 eq). After the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, water and DCM was added to facilitate extraction. Combined extracts were washed with water to remove DMSO. After drying over Na2SO4 and concentration on rotavap the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with 5% MEOH in DCM as the eluents, furnishing compound C as a tan solid (154 mg, 54%).
• Step 3 A solution of compound C (570 mg) and BH3-Me2S (2.0 M in THF, 5 eq, 0.6 mL) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at r.t. overnight. 6N aq. HCl (15 mL) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at r.t. for 5 hr. Solid K2CO3 was carefully added to basify the reaction mixture. After extractions with DCM the combined organic phases were dried, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography with 5% MeOH in DCM as the eluents, furnishing compound D as a tan solid (300 mg, 54%).
• Steps 4 and 5 Compounds C and D were converted into final compounds E and F respectively according to the procedure described in Example 14.
• Step-1 Synthesis of 61:
• Step-2 Synthesis of Examples 62, 63 and 64
• Example 75 (360 mg) in MeOH (1.5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) was treated with K 2 CO 3 (1.0 g) at 50° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature. The organic solution was transferred to a new vial and diluted with DCM (3.0 mL). The pH was adjusted to 6-7 by adding hydrochloric acid. The resulting organic layer was evaporated and the residue was washed with MeOH to give product as a yellow solid (304 mg, yield 89%)
• Step-3 The residue from Step-3 was dissolved in THF (3.0 mL) and Et 3 N (0.05 mL), and the resulting solution was treated with acroyl chloride. The reaction was monitored by HPLC until disappearance of starting material. The reaction was then quenched with aq.NaHCO 3 and extracted with DCM (2 ⁇ 5.0 mL). The organic solution was concentrated and the residue was purified by a prep-TLC plate (10% MeOH/DCM) to give product as a yellow solid (112 mg, yield 45% for two steps).
• step-1 product 2.4 g
• MeOH 5.0 mL
• HCl 10 mL, 2N
• the mixture was heated to reflux for 15 min.
• Solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in DCM (6.0 mL).
• the organic solution was dried, filtered and evaporated to give colorless oil (1.5 g, yield 77%).
• the nitro compound was synthesized by reacting compound B and the product of step-2 according the general procedure.
• Step 1 To a solution of benzyl glycidyl ether (5.0 g) in MeOH (5.0 mL) was added NaOMe (5.0 mL, 25% in methanol). The mixture was warmed up to 50° C. for 1 h and then heated to reflux for 5 min. The mixture was treated with wet NaHCO 3 and filtered. Solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in DCM (20 mL). The solution was dried and evaporated to give yellowish oil (4.8 g, yield 80%).
• Step 2 A solution of step 1 product (3.0 g) in DCM (100 mL) was treated with PDC (6.0 g) and molecular sieves (4.0 g). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h and diluted with Et 2 O (100 mL). The mixture was filtered through a Celite pad and solvent evaporated to give yellow oil (1.7 g, yield 57%).
• Step 3 The compound was synthesized according to the following procedure: To a mixture of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-one (2.6 g), dimethyl amine HCl salt (1.8 g) in DCM (50 mL) was added NaHB(OAc) 3 (6.0 g) and Et 3 N (3.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then diluted with aq.NaHCO3. The organic layer was dried and evaporated to give colorless oil (2.5 g, yield 79%).
• Step 4 A solution of step-3 product (1.5 g) in MeOH (10 mL) was charged with Pd—C (0.5 g, 10% wet) and hydrogenated under a hydrogen balloon at room temperature overnight. The catalyst was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated to give the product (0.64 g, yield 71%) as colorless oil.
• Step 5 The compound was synthesized according the general procedure from compound B and step-4 product as a yellow solid.
• Example 37 was synthesized according to a similar procedure to the following: To a mixture of tert-butyl (4-(4-((5-chloro-4-((2-(dimethylphosphoryl)phenyl) amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-5-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)carbamate (240 mg) in acetone (1.0 mL) and Zn dust (0.3 g), NH 4 Cl (0.15 g), was added drops of water. The mixture was stirring at room temperature for 15 min and then diluted with DCM (5 mL). After filtration, the organic solution was evaporated and the residue was used for next step.
• Step 1 To a solution of N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine (300 mg) in DMF (2.0 mL) was added K 2 CO 3 (1.0 g) and compound B (466 mg). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 3 h. Solvent was evaporated and the residue was extracted with DCM and then purified by a prep-TLC plate (10% MeOH/DCM with 1% NH 3 in methanol) to give product as a yellow solid (400 mg, yield 75%).
• Step 2 A solution of step 1 product (1 eq) in DMF (3.0 mL) was treated with NaHCO 3 (0.5 g) and the respective bromide (2.5 eq) at 50° C. for 5 h. Solvent was evaporated and the products were purified by a prep-TLC plate (8% MeOH/DCM) to give product as yellow solids.
• Step 3 Reduction of the nitro group and formation of the corresponding acrylamide was carried out according to the procedure in Scheme 32, step-3 and step-4.
• Step 1 A mixture of N-(2-methoxyethyl)methylamine (1.8 g) and ethyl bromoacetate (3.4 g) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was treated with K 2 CO 3 (4.0 g) and NaI (20 mmol). The mixture was refluxed overnight. Solvent was evaporated and the residue was extracted with DCM and then purified on Silica gel column (0-8% MeOH/DCM) to give the product as colorless oil (3.2 g, yield 93%).
• Step 2 To a solution of step-1 product (3.5 g) in THF (20 mL) was added LAH (800 mg) portion wise. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then quenched with EtOAc and water. After filtration, the organic solution was evaporated to give colorless oil (2.0 g, yield 75%).
• Step 3 The step 3 product compound was synthesized according the general procedure from compound B (400 mg) and step-4 product to give the title compound as a yellow solid (200 mg, yield 40%).
• Step 4 Example 39 was synthesized according to a similar procedure to that used in Step 6 of Example 37.
• step-1 product 230 mg
• MeOH 1.0 mL
• HCl in dioane 3.0 mL, 4.0M solution
• Step-4 was carried out using the procedures of Scheme 32 step-3 and step-4 to yield the desired product (Example 68) as a yellow solid (44 mg)
• step-1 product (1.8 g) and DPPA (2.79 g) in t-BuOH (30 mL) was added Et 3 N (2.02 g). The mixture was refluxed for 20 h. Solvent was evaporated and the residue was column purified on Silica gel (20% Et 2 O)/heptane) to give the product as a white solid (1.3 g, yield 52%).
• step-2 product 1.2 g
• THF THF
• n-Bu 4 NF 6.0 ml, 1.0M solution in THF
• the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h and solvent was evaporated.
• the residue was column purified on Silica gel (20% Et 2 O)/heptane) to give the product as a white solid (0.75 g, yield 87%).
• Step-3 The product of Step-3 was then reacted with Compound A using the procedure of Scheme 32, step-2.
• step-4 product 250 mg
• DCM dioxane
• HCl in dioxane 1.5 mL, 4.0M solution
• solvent was evaporated and the residue was treated with aq.K 2 CO 3 and then purified by a prep-TLC plate (10% MeOH/DCM) to give yellow solid (150 mg).
• the yellow solid was dissolved in DCM (3.0 mL) and treated with formyl aldehyde (5 drops, 40% aq. solution) and MgSO4 (0.5 g, anhydrous) for 30 min. To the mixture was added NaBH(OAc) 3 (2 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and diluted with aq. NaHCO 3 . The mixture was extracted with DCM and product was and purified by prep-TLC plates (10% MeOH/DCM) to give yellow solid (50 mg, yield 23%).
• Step 1 To a solution of 3-methoxy-4-nitrobenzyl alcohol (5 g) in DCM (100 mL) was added PDC (1.5 eq) and molecular sieves (6.0 g). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and diluted with Et 2 O (100 mL). The mixture was filtered through a Celite pad and solvent was evaporated. The residue was washed with a small amount MeOH to give off white solid (3.7 g, yield 74%).
• Step 2 To a solution of step-1 product (0.91 g) in DCM (10 mL) was added (Ethoxycarbonylmethlene)triphenylphosphorane (2.0 g). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Solvent was evaporated and the residue was column purified on Silica gel (20% Et 2 O)/heptane) to give a yellowish solid (1.1 g, yield 87%).
• Step 3 A solution of step-2 product (0.52 g) in MeOH (10 mL) was charged with Pd—C (0.5 g, 10% wet) and hydrogenated under a hydrogen balloon at room temperature overnight. The catalyst was filtered off and solvent was evaporated to give yellow oil (0.45 g, yield 97%).
• Step 4 A vial was charged with H 2 SO 4 (2.0 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Step-3 product (0.4 g) was carefully introduced. Guanidine nitrate (1 eq) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h and at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was treated with excess wet NaHCO3 and extracted with DCM (10 mL). The product was and purified by prep-TLC plates (8% MeOH/DCM) to give orange solid (0.34 g, yield 71%).
• Step 5 A solution of compound C (320 mg), step-4 product (268 mg) and TFA (0.3 mL) in 2-BuOH (2 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 18 hrs. Upon cooling EtOAc and aq. NaHCO 3 were added to the reaction mixture. Extraction (3x) and concentration of combined extracts gave a solid which purified by prep-TLC plates (15% MeOH/DCM) to give orange solid (410 mg, yield 71%).
• Step 6 To a suspension of step-5 product (400 mg) in MeOH (2.0 mL) was added K 2 CO 3 (1.0 g) and water (0.5 mL). The reaction vial was capped and heated at 60° C. for 15 min. The mixture was cooled down to room temperature and the top layer was transferred to a new vial and diluted with water. The pH was adjusted to 5-6 by adding aq HCl (2N) and the product was collected by filtration as a yellow solid (310 mg, yield 86%).
• Step 7 To a mixture of step-6 product (260 mg) and Et 2 NH (1.1 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was added HBTU (1.3 mmol) and Et 3 N (0.14 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and diluted with DCM (5.0 mL). The mixture was washed with aq. K 2 CO 3 and evaporated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC plates (15% MeOH/DCM) to give an orange solid (250 mg, yield 87%).
• Step 8 To a solution of step-7 product (250 mg) in THF (1.0 mL) was added BH 3 Me 2 S (4.0 mL, 2.0M solution in THF). The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 h and solvent was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in MeOH (2.0 ml) and treated with wet K 2 CO 3 in a capped vial at 70° C. for 1 h. The organic solution was evaporated and the residue was purified by prep-TLC plates (25% MeOH/DCM) to give an orange solid (170 mg, yield 70%).
• Step 9 Reduction of the nitro group and formation of the corresponding acrylamide was carried out according to the procedure in Scheme 32, step-3 and step-4, to produce the final product.
• Step 1 N,N-diethyl-2-(3-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide was made in accordance with the methods disclosed herein.
• Step 2 To a solution of N,N-diethyl-2-(3-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide (1.0 g) in THF (5.0 mL) was added BH 3 Me 2 S (20. mL, 2.0M solution in THF). The mixture was stirred at 60C for 2 h and solvent was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in MeOH (10 ml) and treated with wet K 2 CO 3 in a capped vial at 70° C. for 1 h. The organic solution was evaporated and the residue was purified on Silica gel column (5% MeOH/DCM) to give the product as an orange oil (0.62 g, yield 65%)
• Step 3 A solution of step-2 product (600 mg) in MeOH (10 mL) was charged with Pd—C (0.5 g) and hydrogenated under a hydrogen balloon at room temperature for 3 h. The catalyst was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated to give a yellow oil (430 mg, yield 81%)
• Step 4 The product of step 4 was synthesized according the procedure of step 4 of Scheme 39 as an orange oil.
• Step 5 The product of step 4 was synthesized according the procedure of step 5 of Scheme 13 to afford an orange solid.
• Step 6 Reduction of the nitro group and formation of the corresponding acrylamide was carried out according to the procedure in Scheme 32, step-3 and step-4, to produce the final product.
• Step 1 A mixture of glycidyl methyl ether and aq. methylamine (1.5 eq) was heated at 55° C. for 2 hr. Removal of volatile components gave intermediate A which was used directly in next step.
• Step 2 Intermediate A (400 mg, 3.34 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 4 ml of dioxane and 4 ml of water was adjusted to pH 12 with 4M NaOH, and cooled to 0° C. O(Boc)2 (806 mg, 3.69 mmol, 1.1 eq) was added in 2 portions and the mixture was stirred at R.T. overnight. The mixture was evaporated to reduce volume by one half and then treated with sat. NaHCO3 (3 ml). This was extracted with EtOAc (3 ⁇ 25 ml), dried, evaporated, and chromatographed (EtOAc/Heptane 1:2 to 1:1) to give an oil, 703 mg, in 96% yield.
• Steps 3-5 the chemistry was carried out following the procedures described in Scheme 24.
• Step-1 to a solution of compound 71 (527 mg, 1.0 mmol) and tert-butyl(3-butynyl)carbamate (400 mg) in DMF (4.0 mL), was added (Ph 3 P) 2 PdCl 2 (0.1 g), CuI (0.05 g) and Et 3 N (0.2 mL). This degased mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by a prep-TLC plate (8% MeOH/DCM) to give compound 73 as a yellow solid (280 mg, yield 46%).
• Step-2 compound 73 (280 mg, 0.46 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2.0 mL) and treated with HCl in dioxane (1.0 mL, 4.0 M) at room temperature for 20 min. Solvent was evaporated and the residue was treated with aq. sodium bicarbonate and extracted with DCM. Combined organic layers were dried and evaporated to give compound 74 (220 mg, 93%) as yellow solid.
• Step-4 to a suspension of compound 75 (180 mg) and Zn dust (0.3 g) in acetone (1.0 mL) was added NH 4 Cl (0.15 g) and drops of water. The mixture was stirring at room temperature for 15 min and then diluted with DCM (5 mL). After filtration, the organic solution was evaporated and the residue (140 mg) was used for next step.
• Example 129 Title compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 129 using S-(+)-glycidyl methyl ether as starting material.
• Zinc cyanide 70 mg, 0.65 eq
• intermediate 27 (490 mg, 1 eq)
• Pd2(dba)3 46 mg, 0.05 eq
• DPPF 69 mg, 0.13 eq
• DMF-H 2 O 3 mL
• This mixture was flushed with Ar and then heated at 130° C. for 1.5 hr.
• the reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified on silica gel column (0-5% MeOH in DCM) furnished intermediate A as a yellow solid (32%).
• Example 133 Title compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 133 by substituting 2-chloroacetyl chloride for acryloyl chloride in last step.
• Example 137 Title compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 137 by substituting 2,4-dichloro-5-methylpyrimidine for 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine.
• Steps 1-2 the chemistry was carried out according to the procedure described for steps 2 and 3 in Scheme 24.
• Step 3 Into a Schlenk flask was loaded intermediate C (260 mg), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (5 mol %) and Cul (10 mol %). This flask was capped with a rubber septum and then degassed under vacuum for 1 min before N2 refill. Anhydrous DMF (4 mL) was added followed by the addition of DIPEA (0.1 mL) and 1-(dimethylamino)-3-butyne (0.1 mL, note this alkyne was purged with dry N2 gas immediately before use). The flask was sealed and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. Upon cooling, the reaction mixture was taken up in EtOAc and water. Extraction and concentration of combined organic layers afforded crude D which was used directly in the next step.
• Steps 4-5 the chemistry was carried out according to the procedure described for steps 3 and 4 in Scheme 12.
• Step 1 To a stirred mixture of diethylamine (10.3 ml, 99.6 mmol), 3-chloro-3-methylbut-1-yne (10.2 g, 99.6 mmol), triethylamine (16.7 mL, 119 mmol), and THF (100 mL) at 0° C. was added copper (I) chloride (0.986 g, 9.96 mmol). The resulting suspension was allowed to warm to room temperature, and stirring continued for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between diethyl ether (250 mL) and a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO 3 (100 mL).
• Steps 2-4 intermediate A was converted into desired final compound in accordance with the method described in Scheme 48 by substituting A for N,N-dimethylpropargylamine.
• Step 1 to a solution of (N-Boc)propargylamine (3.1 g) in DMF (20 mL) was slowly added NaH (1.1 eq) at 0° C. under N2. After the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 hr, methyl iodide (1.1 eq) was added at 0° C. Ice bath was removed and the flask was warmed up naturally to r.t. Water was added to quench the reaction. After removal of solvents the residue was taken up in EtOAc and water. Extraction and concentration of combined organic phases gave essentially pure A (95%).
• Steps 2-4 Intermediate A was converted into compound B in accordance with the method described in steps 3-5 of Scheme 48 by substituting A for N,N-dimethylpropargylamine.
• Step 5 to a solution of compound B (189 mg) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The volatile components were removed under reduced pressure to give a cloudy residue. Trituration with MTBE followed by filtration and wash with MTBE gave the desired product as a off-white powder (92 mg, 57%).
• Step 1 a solution of appropriate secondary amine and propargyl bromide (supplied as a solution in toluene) in ether was stirred at 0° C. then r.t. for 3 hr. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was carefully distilled to furnish product A. Contamination of A with small amount of toluene was unavoidable in some cases but this did not affect next step reaction. Certain compounds A with relatively high boiling points were purified by silica gel column chromatography (5% MeOH in DCM) to remove residual secondary amine which was found to directly displace the bromide in the next step.
• Steps 2-4 Crude or pure A was converted into desired final compound in accordance with the method described in Scheme 48 by substituting A for N,N-dimethylpropargylamine.
• IM1 was prepared according to a literature procedure (WO 2009143389). A solution of IM1 (284 mg, 1.12 mmol) and dimethylamine (1.23 mmol, 1.1 mL, 40% in water) in THF-H 2 O (1:1,4 mL) was stirred at 80° C. overnight. HPLC showed full conversion. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure followed by partition between saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and DCM. Upon extraction the combined DCM extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvents were removed to give IM2 as yellow viscous oil (315 mg). No further purification was performed.
• IM2 (315 mg) was reduced into IM3 using standard Zn/NH 4 Cl procedure described previously; a pale yellow oil was obtained (308 mg). This crude material was used directly in the next step.
• IM4 was prepared according to a literature procedure (Nature 2009, 462, 1070). This material (400 mg) underwent a S N Ar reaction with IM3 (308 mg) under standard condition (TFA, 2-BuOH, 100° C., overnight). Conventional workup followed by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: 0-15% MeOH in DCM) afforded IM5 as a white foam (89 mg, 15%).
• Examples 33-41 were made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 26 by substituting secondary amines for (3-dimethylamino)pyrrolidine.
• Example 54 was made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 28.
• Example 57 was made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 30.
• Example 65 was made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 32.
• Example 66 was made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 33.
• Example 67 was made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 35.
• Example 73 was made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 38.
• Example 74 was made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 40.
• Example 75 was made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 41.
• Example 76 was made in accordance with the methods shown in Scheme 42.

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