WO2006124874A2 - Inhibiteurs de la b-raf kinase - Google Patents

Inhibiteurs de la b-raf kinase Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006124874A2
WO2006124874A2 PCT/US2006/018885 US2006018885W WO2006124874A2 WO 2006124874 A2 WO2006124874 A2 WO 2006124874A2 US 2006018885 W US2006018885 W US 2006018885W WO 2006124874 A2 WO2006124874 A2 WO 2006124874A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
group
heteroaryl
c3cccc
aryl
heterocycloalkylalkyl
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PCT/US2006/018885
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English (en)
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WO2006124874A3 (fr
Inventor
Timothy C. Gahman
Hengyuan Lang
Robert L. Davis
Shawn A. Scranton
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Kalypsys, Inc.
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Publication of WO2006124874A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006124874A2/fr
Publication of WO2006124874A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006124874A3/fr

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    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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    • C07C225/14—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated
    • C07C225/16—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated and containing six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C07C225/26—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones the carbon skeleton containing carbon atoms of quinone rings having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of quinone rings or of condensed ring systems containing quinone rings
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    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • 60/680,292 filed May 12, 2005; United States provisional application 60/680,293, filed May 12, 2005; United States provisional application 60/680,294, filed May 12, 2005; and United States provisional application 60/680,327, filed May 12, 2005.
  • the present invention is directed to new compounds, compositions and their application as a pharmaceutical for the treatment of disease.
  • Methods of inhibition of Raf kinase activity in a human or animal subject are also provided for the treatment diseases such as cancer, chronic neurodegeneration, neurotraumatic conditions, pain, migraine and cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Raf genes code for highly conserved serine-threonine specific protein kinases.
  • Raf kinases are essential components of the Ras/Mitogen- Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling module that controls complex cellular behavior in response to external stimuli.
  • the Ras/MAPK signal transduction pathway is believed to consist of receptor tyrosine kinases (primarily, although other classes of receptors can activate this pathway), Ras family GTPases, Raf protein kinases, Mitogen- Activated Protein Kinase kinases (MAPKK, or Mek), and Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK, or Erk), which ultimately phosphorylate cytosolic and nuclear proteins (i.e., transcription factors).
  • Raf kinases are recruited to the inner plasma membrane by interaction with active Ras and subsequently activated by phosphorylation.
  • Raf kinases then phosphorylate and activate the two isoforms of MAPKK, Mekl and Mek2, which are dual specificity threonine-tyrosine kinases.
  • Mek kinases then phosphorylate and activate the two isoforms of MAPK, Erkl and Erk2.
  • Erkl and Erk2 phosphorylate nuclear transcription factors that control gene expression in response to Ras/MAPK signaling.
  • Raf kinase participation in the Ras/MAPK pathway influences and regulates many cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, oncogenic transformation and apoptosis (Wellbrock et al., Nat Rev MoI Cell Biol 5:875-885, 2004).
  • Raf kinases have three distinct isoforms, Raf-1 (C-Raf), A-Raf, and B-Raf, distinguished by their ability to interact with Ras, their ability to activate the MAPK pathway, and their tissue distribution and sub-cellular localization (Marias et al., Biochem J 351 : 289-305, 2000) (Weber et al., Oncogene 19:169-176, 2000) (Pritchard et al., MoI Cell Biol 15:6430-6442, 1995). Both the essential role and the position of Raf in many signaling pathways have been demonstrated from studies using deregulated and dominant inhibitory Raf mutants in mammalian cells, as well as from studies employing biochemical and genetic techniques in model organisms.
  • Raf activates Mekl and Mek2 by phosphorylation of two serines in the Mek kinase activation loop, resulting in the propagation of the signal to the downstream MAPK effectors (Crews, C. M. and Erikson, R. L., Cell 74:215-217, 1993).
  • the Raf serine-threonine kinases are considered to be the primary Ras effectors involved in the proliferation of animal cells (Avruch et al., Trends Biochem Sci 19:279-283, 1994).
  • B-Raf is considered the primary effector of Ras activation and stimulation of the MAPK pathway in most cell types (Beeram et al., J Clin Oncol 23:6771 -6790, 2005).
  • Activating mutation of one of the Ras genes is observed in greater than 20% of all human cancers, although they are much more prevalent in particular diseases, such as pancreatic cancer (90%) and colon cancer (50%).
  • the Raf/Mek/Erk pathway is hyper-activated in about 30% of all tumors (Bos et al., Cancer Res 49:4682-4689, 1989) (Hoshino et al., Oncogene 18:813-822, 1999).
  • B-Raf is an oncogene
  • B-Raf mutation in the skin nevi is a critical step in the initiation of melanocytic neoplasia (Wellbrock et al., Cancer Res 64:2338-2342, 2004) (Mercer et al., Cancer Res 65:1 1493-1 1500, 2005) (Pollock et al., Nature Genetics 25:1-2, 2002).
  • Inhibitors of the Raf/Mek/Erk pathway at the level of Raf kinases can potentially be effective as therapeutic agents against tumors with over-expressed or mutated receptor tyrosine kinases, activated intracellular tyrosine kinases, aberrantly expressed Grb2 (an adapter protein that allows stimulation of Ras by the Sos exchange factor), and mutated Ras genes, as well as tumors harboring activating mutations of B-Raf itself.
  • inhibitors of Raf kinases have shown promise as therapeutic agents in cancer therapy (Crump, M., Current Pharm Des 8:2243-2248, 2002) (Hotte, SJ. and Hirte, H.
  • RNAi RNA interference
  • B-Raf B-Raf
  • V600E mutant B-Raf
  • inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis Karasarides et al., Oncogene 23:6292-6298, 2004
  • Hoeflich et al., Cancer Res 66:999-1006, 2006 These results have underscored the attractiveness of B-Raf as a target in tumor cells that bear B-Raf mutations or demonstrate hyperactivation of MAPK signaling upstream of B-Raf, especially in melanoma.
  • Raf kinase inhibitors have been described as exhibiting efficacy in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation in vitro and/or in vivo assays (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Mos. 6,391,636, 6,358,932, 6,037,136, 5,717,100, 6,458,813, 6,204,467, and 6,268,391).
  • Other patents and patent applications suggest the use of Raf kinase inhibitors for treating leukemia (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,268,391, and 6,204,467, and published U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 20,020,137,774; 20,020,082,192; 20,010,016,194; and
  • Novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that inhibit B-Raf have been found, together with methods of synthesizing and using the compounds including methods for inhibiting B-Raf in a patient by administering the compounds.
  • a class of compounds useful in treating B-raf related disorders and conditions is defined by Formula 1:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylaminosulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylaminosulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloal
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloal
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyi, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylaminosulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylaminosulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloal
  • R 5 , R 7 , and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, arylthio, carboxy, cyano,
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylidene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylidene, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, arylthio, carboxy,
  • R 1 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substituted mono- or bicyclic aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkylalkyl;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally-substituted alkyl, or R 1 and
  • R 2 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, may form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted.
  • Formula IV Yet another class of compounds useful in treating B-raf related disorders and conditions is defined by Formula IV:
  • X, Y, and Z are independently chosen from the group consisting of C and " N;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 15 are independently chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and an optionally-substituted alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, aryalkylthio, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arythio, carboxy, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkylalkoxy, heterocycloal
  • X, Y, and Z are independently chosen from the group consisting of C and N;
  • L is chosen from the group consisting of a bond and an optionally-substituted alkyl, -C(O)-, - OC(O)- -S(O)- -SO 2 -, or-N(R 14 )SO 2 - or-N(R 14 )C(O)-;
  • R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and an optionally-substituted alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, aryalkylthio, arylcarbonyl,
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 14 are independently absent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally-substituted alkyl;
  • R 13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, cycloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkoxy, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • X 1 is selected from the group consisting OfC(R 1 ) and N;
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 3 ) and N;
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 4 ) and N; and R , R", R , R , R , and R are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfonylaryl, alkylsulfonylheteroaryl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, ary
  • G 1 , G 2 , and G 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • L 1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, oxo, -NR 5 -, alkenyl, alkynyl, -C(O)-, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2 N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )S(O) 2 - -C(R 6 ) 2 - -C(R 6 ) 2 N(R 5 )-, N(R 5 )C(O)-, - C(O)N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )C(O)N(R 5 )-, and -OC(O)O-; wherein each group is drawn with its left end attached to R 1 and its right end attached to G 1 ; L 2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, oxo, -NR 5 -, alkenyl, alkynyl, -C(O)-,
  • L 3 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, oxo, -NR 5 -, alkenyl, alkynyl, -C(O)-, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2 N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )S(O) 2 - -C(R 6 ) 2 -, -C(R 6 ) 2 N(R 5 )-, N(R 5 )C(O)-, - C(O)N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )C(O)N(R 5 )-, and -OC(O)O-; wherein each group is drawn with its left end attached to R 3 and its right end attached to G 3 ;
  • R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylalkynyl, cyano, cyanoalkenyl, cycloalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, and nitro, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxy carbonyl, alkyl, alkylamino, alkylene, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylalkynyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cyanoalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, and heteroarylsulfonyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, cyano, halo, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and nitro, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • G 2 and G 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • L 1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, oxo, -TMR 5 -, alkenyl, alkynyl, -C(O)-, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2 M(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )S(O) 2 - -C(R 6 ) 2 - -C(R 6 ) 2 N(R 5 )-, M(R 5 )C(0)- - C(O)N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )C(O)N(R 5 )-, and -OC(O)O-; wherein each group is drawn with its left end attached to R 1 and its right end attached to the aryl moiety;
  • L 2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, oxo, -NR 5 -, alkenyl, alkynyl, -C(O)-, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2 N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )S(O) 2 - -C(R 6 ),-, -C(R 6 ) 2 N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )C(O)-, - C(O)N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )C(O)N(R 5 )-, and -OC(O)O-; wherein each group is drawn with its left end attached to R 2 and its right end attached to G 2 ; or, alternatively, L 2 may combine with either R 1 or R 2 to form a ring selected from the group consisting of aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 1 ' are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylalkynyl, cyano, cyanoalkenyl, cycloalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, and nitro, any of which may be optionally substituted; or either pair of R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alky
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, and heteroarylsulfonyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, cyano, halo, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and nitro, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • Formula IX Yet another class of compounds useful in treating B-raf related disorders and conditions is defined by Formula IX:
  • L 1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, oxo, -NR 5 -, optionally substituted alkenyl, opyionally substituted alkynyl, -C(O)- sulfanyl, sulfinyl, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2 N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )S(O) 2 - - C(R 1 V, -C(R 6 ) 2 N(R 5 )-, N(R 5 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )C(O)N(R 5 )-, and -OC(O)O-; wherein each group is drawn with its left end attached to R 1 and its right end attached to the aryl moiety; R 1 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 1 1 ,
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, and heteroarylsulfonyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, cyano, halo, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and nitro, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • Formula X Yet another class of compounds useful in treating B-raf related disorders and conditions is defined by Formula X:
  • X 1 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 1 ) and N;
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 2 ) and N;
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 3 ) and N;
  • X 4 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 4 ) and N;
  • X 5 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 5 ) and N;
  • X 6 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 6 ) and N;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamino, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycl
  • X 1 is selected from the group consisting of N(R 4 ), O, S, and C(X 2 ), wherein X 2 is selected from the group consisting of O and S;
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of C and S(O);
  • L is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -C(O)-, -C(S)-, -N(R 14 )-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)- , -SO 2 -, -C(O)N(R 14 )- -N(R M )C(0)-, -OC(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 14 )-, -N(R 1+ )C(O)O-, - N(R 14 )C(O)N(R 14 )-, -SO 2 N(R 1 V, and -N(R 14 )SO 2 -;
  • Y is selected from the group consisting of aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocycloalkyl;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, amino, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, aryloxy, arylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylamino, heteroaryloxy, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkoxy, hydroxy, and hydroxyalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 3 , R 4 , and R 14 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylamino, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl
  • the present invention provides methods for treating B Raf related disorders in a human or animal subject in need of such treatment comprising administering to said subject an amount of a compound of any of Formulas I-XI effective to reduce or prevent tumor growth in the subject in combination with at least one additional agent for the treatment of cancer as known by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention provides therapeutic compositions comprising at least one compound of any of Formulas I-XI, in combination with one or more additional agents for the treatment of a B-Raf mediated disease, such as cancer.
  • the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of the present invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, as well as methods of making and using the compounds and compositions.
  • the present invention provides methods for inhibiting B-Raf.
  • the present invention provides methods for treating a B-Raf-mediated disorder in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
  • the present invention also contemplates the use of compounds disclosed herein for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or condition ameliorated by the inhibition of B-Raf.
  • the invention further provides for compounds of Formula XII:
  • X 1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, alkyl, -O-, -S-, and -N(R 13 )-;
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylal
  • R 1 ' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylcarbonyl, alkynyl, amino, aminoalkyl, aralkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, aryloxy, arylsulfonylamino, arylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylamino, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfonylamino, heterocycle, heterocycloalkylalkenyl
  • the invention further provides for compounds of Formula XIIl:
  • G 1 is absent or selected from the group consisting of aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and cycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • G 2 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and cycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • G 3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and cycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • L 1 and L 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, -C(O)-, -C(S)-, - N(R 13 )-, -O- -S-, -S(O)-, -SO 2 - -C(O)N(R 13 )-, -N(R 13 )C(O)-, -OC(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 13 )-, - N(R 13 )C(O)O- -N(R 13 )C(O)N(R 13 )-, -SO 2 N(R 13 )-, and -N(R 13 )SO 2 -;
  • R 13 is absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylaminosulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylaminosulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and hydroxyalky
  • R 14 and R 15 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylidene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylidene, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryl
  • R I ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylaminosulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylaminosulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl
  • the invention further provides for compounds of Formula XIV:
  • G 4 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkyl; 18885
  • R 17 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylaminosulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylaminosulfonyl, heteroaryl sulfonyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl
  • R 18 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention further provides for compounds of Formula XV:
  • G 3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkyl;
  • R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino,
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylcarbonyl, alkynyl, amino, aminoalkyl, aralkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, aryloxy, arylsulfonylamino, arylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylamino, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfonylamino, heterocycle, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, hetero
  • the invention further provides for compounds of Formula XVI:
  • G 6 and G 7 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • L 3 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -C(O)-, -C(S)- -N(R 14 )-, -O- -S-, - S(O)- -SO 2 -, -C(O)N(R 14 )- -N(R !4 )C(O)-, -OC(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 14 )-, -N(R 14 )C(0)0- - N(R 14 )C(O)N(R 14 )-, -SO 2 N(R 14 )-, and -N(R 14 )SO 2 -; and
  • R 22 and R 23 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylaminosulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylaminosulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and hydroxy
  • the invention further provides for compounds of Formula XVII:
  • R 24 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylaminosulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylaminosulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and hydroxy alkyl,
  • R 25 , R 26 , and R 27 are independently selected from the group consisting of is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, arylthio,
  • R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , and R 34 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, arylaminosulfony
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 39 ) and N;
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of selected from the group consisting of a bond, - C(O)- -C(S)- -N(R 13 )- -O- -S-, -S(O)- -SO 2 -, -C(O)N(R 13 )- -N(R 13 )C(O)-, -OC(O)O-, - OC(O)N(R 13 )-, -N(R 13 )C(O)O-, -N(R 13 )C(O)N(R 13 )-, -SO 2 N(R 13 )-, and -N(R 13 )SO 2 -;
  • X 4 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 40 ) and N;
  • R 13 is absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylaminosulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylaminosulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, and hydroxyalky
  • R 35 , R 36 , R 37 , R 38 , R 39 , and R 40 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl,
  • the invention further provides for compounds of Formula XX:
  • X 5 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 42 ) and N;
  • X 6 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 4 ') and N;
  • X 7 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 47 ) and N;
  • X 8 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 46 ) and N;
  • X 9 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 45 ) and N;
  • X 10 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 44 ) and N;
  • R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , and R 47 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkanoyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aroyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylalkynyl, arylamino, arylaminosulf
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula III wherein: R 1 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substituted mono- or bicyclic aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl; and
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally-substituted alkyl.
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula III wherein: R 1 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substituted mono- or bicyclic aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl; and
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, wherein alkyl is comprised of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula IV or V wherein: X and Z are independently chosen from the group consisting of C and N; Y is N;
  • L is chosen from the group consisting of a bond and an optionally-substituted alkyl, -C(O)-, - OC(O)- -S(O)-, -SO 2 - or -N(R 14 )SO 2 - or -N(R 14 )C(O)-;
  • R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and an optionally-substituted alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, aryalkylthio, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arythio, carboxy, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxy,
  • R 13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, cycloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heterocycle, heterocycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl.
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula IV or V wherein:
  • X and Z are independently chosen from the group consisting of C and N; Y is M; L is chosen from the group consisting of a bond and an optionally-substituted alkyl, -C(O)-, -
  • R 1 is hydrogen
  • R 3 is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and an optionally-substituted alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, aryalkylthio, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arythio, carboxy, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, and nitro;
  • R 2 is absent;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 14 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or optionally-substituted alkyl;
  • R 13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, cycloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heterocycle, heterocycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl.
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula VI wherein:
  • X I is N
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 3 ) and N;
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 4 ) and N;
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfonyl aryl, alkylsulfonylheteroaryl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino,
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula VI wherein: X 1 is N;
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 3 ) and N; X 3 is C(R 4 ); and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfonylaryl, alkylsulfonylheteroaryl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula VI wherein: X 1 is N;
  • X 2 is C(R 3 ); X 3 is C(R 4 ); and
  • R 2 , R J , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfonylaryl, alkylsulfonylheteroaryl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamin
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 may be linked with any of the other R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 sites to form an optionally-substituted polycyclic cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic ring independent of any other non-adjacent site.
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula VI wherein: X' is N;
  • X 2 is N; X 3 is C(R 4 ); and
  • R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfonylaryl, alkylsulfonylheteroaryl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamino, ary
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula VI wherein: X 1 is N;
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 3 ) and " N; X 3 is N; and R 2 , R J , R 5 , and R 6 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfonylaryl, alkylsulfonylheteroaryl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulf
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula Vl wherein: X 1 is N;
  • X 2 is C(R 3 );
  • X 3 is N
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfonylaryl, alkylsulfonylheteroaryl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamino, ary
  • the invention provides for compounds of formulas VII, VIII, and IX wherein: L 1 Is -S(O) 2 N(R 5 H
  • R 1 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , and R 15 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkynyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylalkynyl, cyano, cyanoalkenyl, cycloalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, and nitro;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamino, alkylene, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, arylalkynyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cyanoalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl; and
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, and heteroarylsulfonyl.
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula X wherein: X 1 is C(R 1 ); X 2 is C(R 2 );
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 3 ) and N;
  • X 4 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 4 ) and ⁇ ;
  • X 5 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 5 ) and N;
  • X 6 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 6 ) and N;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamino, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloal
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula X wherein: X ! is C(R 1 ); X 2 is C(R 2 );
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 3 ) and N;
  • X 4 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 4 ) and N;
  • X 5 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 5 ) and N; X 6 is N; and
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R , and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamino, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylal
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula X wherein: X 1 is C(R 1 ); X 2 is C(R 2 ); X 3 is C(R 3 ); X 4 is C(R 4 );
  • X 5 is C(R 5 ); X 6 is N;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamino, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl
  • heteroarylaminosulfonyl heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonylamino, heterocyclo, heterocycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, sulfonate, thio, and trisubstituted silyl.
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula X wherein: X 1 is C(R 1 );
  • X 2 is C(R 2 ); X 3 is C(R 3 ); X 4 is N; X 5 is C(R 5 ); X 6 is N; and
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkyl sulfonylamino, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamino, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl
  • X 4 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 4 ) and " N;
  • X 5 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 5 ) and N;
  • X 6 is selected from the group consisting of C(R 6 ) and N;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamino, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalky
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula X wherein: X 1 is C(R 1 ); X 2 is C(R 2 ); 2006/018885
  • X 3 is N
  • X 4 is C(R 4 );
  • X 5 is M
  • X 6 is C(R 6 ); and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylamidoamino, alkylamino, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylene, alkylsulfmyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, arylaminosulfonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylamino, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycl
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula Xl wherein: X 1 is selected from the group consisting of " N(R 4 ), O, S, and C(X 2 );
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of O and S;
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of C and S(O);
  • L is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)- -C(S)-, -N(R 14 )-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)- -SO 2 - , -C(O)N(R 14 )-, -N(R 14 )C(O)-, -OC(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 14 )-, -N(R 14 )C(O)O- -N(R 14 )C(O)N(R 14 )- - SO 2 N(R 14 )-, and -N(R I4 )SO 2 -;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, amino, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, aryloxy, arylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylamino, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclo, heterocycloalkoxy, hydroxy, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • R 3 , R 4 , and R 14 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclo;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylamino, alkylsulfmyl, alkylsulfonyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylamino, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclo, heterocycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, sulfonic acid
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula XI wherein: XMs N(R 4 );
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of C and S(O);
  • L is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)-, -C(S)-, -N(R 14 )-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -SO 2 - , -C(O)N(R 14 )- -N(R 14 )C(O)- -OC(O)O- -OC(O)N(R 14 )- -N(R 14 )C(0)O- -N(R l4 )C(O)N(R 14 )-, - SO 2 N(R 14 )-, and -N(R 14 )SO 2 -;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, amino, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, aryloxy, arylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylamino, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclo, heterocycloalkoxy, hydroxy, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • R 3 , R 4 , and R 14 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclo;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylamino, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclo, heterocycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, sulfonic
  • the invention provides for compounds of formula XI wherein:
  • X 1 is N(R 4 );
  • X 3 is selected from the group consisting of C and S(O); L is -C(O)-;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, amino, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylamino, arylalkylthio, arylamino, aryloxy, arylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylamino, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclo, heterocycloalkoxy, hydroxy, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • R 3 , R 4 , and R 14 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclo;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 1 ', R 12 , and R 13 are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylamino, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylthio, carboxy, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclo, heterocycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, sulf
  • acyl refers to a carbonyl attached to an alkenyl, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, or any other moiety were the atom attached to the carbonyl is carbon.
  • An “acetyl” group refers to a— C(O)CH ⁇ group. Examples of acyl groups include formyl, alkanoyl and aroyl radicals.
  • acylamino embraces an amino radical substituted with an acyl group.
  • An example of an “acylamino” radical is acetylamino (CH 3 C(O)NH-).
  • alkenyl refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more double bonds and containing from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 6, carbon atoms.
  • alkenyl radicals examples include ethenyl, propenyl, 2-methylpro ⁇ enyl, 1 ,4-butadienyl and the like.
  • alkoxy refers to an alkyl ether radical, wherein the term alkyl is as defined below.
  • suitable alkyl ether radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, and the like.
  • alkoxyalkoxy refers to one or more alkoxy groups attached to the parent molecular moiety through another alkoxy group. Examples include ethoxyethoxy, methoxypropoxyethoxy, ethoxypentoxyethoxyethoxy and the like.
  • alkoxyalkyl refers to an alkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • alkoxyalkyl also embraces alkoxyalkyl groups having one or more alkoxy groups attached to the alkyl group, that is, to form monoalkoxyalkyl and dialkoxyalkyl groups.
  • alkoxycarbonyl refers to an alkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. Examples of such "alkoxycarbonyl” groups include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxy carbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl and hexyloxycarbonyl.
  • alkoxycarbonylalkyl embraces radicals having "alkoxycarbonyl", as defined above substituted to an alkyl radical. More preferred alkoxycarbonylalkyl radicals are "lower alkoxycarbonylalkyl” having lower alkoxycarbonyl radicals as defined above attached to one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such lower alkoxycarbonylalkyl radicals include methoxy carbonylmethyl.
  • alkyl refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl radical containing from 1 to and including 20, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 6, carbon atoms. Alkyl groups may be optionally substituted as defined herein. Examples of alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl, noyl and the like.
  • alkylene refers to a saturated aliphatic group derived from a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon attached at two or more positions, such as methylene (-CH 2 -).
  • alkylamino refers to an amino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • alkylaminocarbonyl refers to an alkylamino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.
  • examples of such radicals include " N-methylaminocarbonyl and ' NjM-dimethylcarbonyl.
  • alkylcarbonyl and “alkanoyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. Examples of such groups include methylcarbonyl and ethylcarbonyl.
  • alkylidene refers to an alkenyl group in which one carbon atom of the carbon-carbon double bond belongs to the moiety to which the alkenyl group is attached.
  • alkylsulfinyl refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfinyl group. Examples of alkylsulfinyl groups include methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, butylsulfinyl and hexylsulfinyl.
  • alkylsulfonyl refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.
  • alkylsulfinyl groups include methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, tert-butanesulfonyl, and the like.
  • alkylthio refers to an alkyl thioether (R-S- ) radical wherein the term alkyl is as defined above.
  • suitable alkyl thioether radicals include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, iso-butylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio, ethoxyethylthio, methoxypropoxyethylthio, ethoxypentoxyethoxyethylthio and the like.
  • alkylthioalkyl embraces alkylthio radicals attached to an alkyl radical.
  • Alkylthioalkyl radicals include "lower alkylthioalkyl” radicals having alkyl radicals of one to six carbon atoms and an alkylthio radical as described above. Examples of such radicals include methylthiomethyl.
  • alkynyl refers to a straight-chain or branched chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more triple bonds and containing from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 6, more preferably from 2 to 4, carbon atoms.
  • Alkynylene refers to a carbon- carbon triple bond attached at two positions such as ethynylene (-C:::C-, -CsC-).
  • alkynyl radicals examples include ethynyl, propynyl, hydroxypropynyl, butyn-1-yl, butyn-2-yl, pentyn-1-yl, pentyn-2-yl, 4-methoxypentyn-2-yl, 3-methylbutyn-l-yl, hexyn-1 -yl, hexyn-2-yl, hexyn-3-yl, 3,3-dimethylbutyn-l-yl, and the like.
  • the term "amido,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an amino group as described below attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.
  • amino refers to — NRR , wherein R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein the aryl, the aryl part of the arylalkenyl, the arylalkyl, the heteroaryl, the heteroaryl part of the heteroarylalkenyl and the heteroarylalkyl, the heterocycle, and the heterocycle part of the heterocycloalkylalkenyl and the heterocycloalkylalkyl can be optionally substituted as defined here
  • aminoalkyl refers to an amino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group. Examples include aminomethyl, aminoethyl and aminobutyl.
  • alkylamino denotes amino groups which have been substituted with one or two alkyl radicals. Suitable “alkylamino” groups may be mono- or dialkylated, forming groups such as, for example, N-methylamino, N-ethylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino and the like.
  • aminocarbonyl and “carbamoyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an amino-substituted carbonyl group, wherein the amino group can be a primary or secondary amino group containing substituents selected from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl radicals and the like.
  • aminocarbonylalkyl refers to an aminocarbonyl radical attached to an alkyl radical, as described above. An example of such radicals is aminocarbonylmethyl.
  • aminodino denotes an -C(NH)NH 2 radical.
  • cyanoamidino denotes an -C(N-CN)NH 2 radical.
  • alkenyl or arylalkenyl, as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkenyl group.
  • aralkoxy or "arylalkoxy,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group.
  • aralkyl or “arylalkyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • aralkylamino or “arylalkylamino,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a nitrogen atom, wherein the nitrogen atom is substituted with hydrogen.
  • aralkylidene or "arylalkylidene,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group
  • aralkylthio or “arylalkylthio,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom.
  • aralkynyl or “arylalkynyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkynyl group.
  • aralkoxycarbonyl refers to a radical of the formula aralkyl-O-C(O)- in which the term "aralkyl,” has the significance given above.
  • aralkoxycarbonyl radical examples include benzyloxycarbonyl (Z or Cbz) and 4-methoxyphenylmethoxycarbonyl (MOS).
  • aralkanoyl refers to an acyl radical derived from an aryl-substituted alkanecarboxylic acid such as benzoyl, phenylacetyl, 3-phenylpropionyl (hydrocinnamoyl), 4-phenylbutyryl, (2-naphthyl)acetyl, 4-chlorohydrocinnamoyl, 4- aminohydrocinnamoyl, 4-methoxyhydrocinnamoyI, and the like.
  • aroyl refers to an acyl radical derived from an arylcarboxylic acid, "aryl” having the meaning given below.
  • aroyl radicals include substituted and unsubstituted benzoyl or napthoyl such as benzoyl, 4- chlorobenzoyl, 4-carboxybenzoyl, 4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl, 1-naphthoyl, 2-naphthoyl, 6-carboxy- 2-naphthoyl, 6-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2-naphthoyl, 3-benzyloxy-2-naphthoyl, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl, 3- (benzyloxyformamido)-2-naphthoyl, and the like.
  • aryl as used herein, alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromatic system containing one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a pendent manner or may be fused.
  • aryl embraces aromatic radicals such as benzyl, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, indanyl, indenyl, annulenyl, azulenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and biphenyl.
  • arylamino refers to an aryl group attached to the parent moiety through an amino group, such as methylamino, N-phenylamino, and the like.
  • arylcarbonyl and “aroyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.
  • aryloxy refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • arylsulfonyl refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.
  • arylthio refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom.
  • carboxy or “carboxyl”, whether used alone or with other terms, such as “carboxyalkyl”, denotes — C(J 2 H.
  • O-carbamyl refers to a -OC(O)NR, group-with R as defined herein.
  • N-carbamyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a ROC(O)NH- group, with R as defined herein.
  • carbonyl when alone includes formyl [-C(O)H] and in combination is a -C(O)- group.
  • Carboxy refers to -C(O)OH or the corresponding “carboxylate” anion, such as is in a carboxylic acid salt.
  • An "O-carboxy” group refers to a RC(O)O- group, where R is as defined herein.
  • a “C-carboxy” group refers to a -C(O)OR groups where R is as defined herein.
  • cyano refers to -CN.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially saturated monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic alkyl radical wherein each cyclic moiety contains from 3 to 12, preferably five to seven, carbon atom ring members and which may optionally be a benzo fused ring system which is optionally substituted as defined herein.
  • cycloalkyl radicals examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, octahydronaphthyl, 2,3-dihydro-l H- indenyl, adamantyl and the like.
  • "Bicyclic” and “tricyclic” as used herein are intended to include both fused ring systems, such as decahydonapthalene, octahydronapthalene as well as the multicyclic (multi centered) saturated or partially unsaturated type.
  • isomer is exemplified in general by bicyclo[2,2,2]octane, bicyclo[2,2,2]octane, bicyclo[l ,l ,l]pentane, camphor and bicyclo[3,2,l]octane.
  • ester refers to a carbonyl group bridging two moieties linked at carbon atoms.
  • ether refers to an oxy group bridging two moieties linked at carbon atoms.
  • halo or halogen, as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • haloalkoxy refers to a haloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl radical having the meaning as defined above wherein one or more hydrogens are replaced with a halogen. Specifically embraced are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl radicals.
  • a monohaloalkyl radical for one example, may have either an iodo, bromo, chloro or fluoro atom within the radical.
  • Dihalo and polyhaloalkyl radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals.
  • haloalkyl radicals include fiuoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl.
  • Haloalkylene refers to a halohydrocarbyl group attached at two or more positions. Examples include fluoromethylene (-CFH— ), difluoromethylene (-CF 2 — ), chloromethylene (— CHCl-) and the like.
  • haloalkyl radicals include chloromethyl, 1 -bromoethyl, fiuoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1 ,1 ,1 -trifiuoroethyl, perfluorodecyl and the like.
  • heteroalkyl refers to a stable straight or branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, or combinations thereof, fully saturated or containing from 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation, consisting of the stated number of carbon atoms and from one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized.
  • the heteroatom(s) O, N and S may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group. Up to two heteroatoms may be consecutive, such as, for example, -CH2-NH-OCH3.
  • heteroaryl refers to 3 to 7 membered, preferably 5 to 7 membered, unsaturated heterocyclic rings wherein at least one atom is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N.
  • Heteroaryl groups are exemplified by: unsaturated 3 to 7 membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl [e.g., 4H-l ,2,4-triazolyl, 1 H-1 , 2,3- triazolyl, 2H-l ,2,3-triazolyl, etc.Jtetrazolyl [e.g.
  • benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc. unsaturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl [e.g., 1 ,2,4- thiadiazolyl, 1 ,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1 ,2,5-thiadiazolyl, etc.Jand isothiazolyl; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, etcjand the like.
  • heterocyclic radicals are fused with aryl radicals.
  • fused bicyclic radicals include benzofuryl, benzothienyl, and the like.
  • heteroarylkenyl or “heteroarylalkenyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkenyl group.
  • heteroarylkoxy or “heteroarylalkoxy,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group.
  • heteroarylalkyl refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • heteroarylkylidene or “heteroarylalkylidene,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group.
  • heteroaryloxy refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • heteroarylsulfonyl refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.
  • heterocycloalkylalkyl and, interchangeably, “heterocycle,” as used herein, alone or in combination, each refer to a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic heterocyclic radical containing at least one, preferably 1 to 4, and more preferably 1 to 2 heteroatoms as ring members, wherein each said heteroatom may be independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and wherein there are preferably 3 to 8 ring members in each ring, more preferably 3 to 7 ring members in each ring, and most preferably 5 to 6 ring members in each ring.
  • Heterocycloalkylalkyl and “heterocycle” are intended to include sulfones, sulfoxides, N- oxides of tertiary nitrogen ring members, and carbocyclic fused and benzo fused ring systems; additionally, both terms also include systems where a heterocycle ring is fused to an aryl group, as defined herein, or an additional heterocycle group.
  • Heterocycle groups of the invention are exemplified by aziridiny], azetidinyl, 1 ,3-benzodioxolyI, dihydroisoindolyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, dihydrocinnolinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, dihydro[l,3]oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, dihydroindolyl, dihy- dropyridinyl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 1 ,4-dioxanyl, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, isoindolinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, piperidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, and the like.
  • heterocycle groups may be optionally substituted unless specifically prohibited.
  • heterocycloalkylalkenyl refers to a heterocycle group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkenyl group.
  • heterocycloalkylalkoxy refers to a heterocycle group attached to the parent molecular group through an oxygen atom.
  • heterocycloalkylalkyl refers to an alky] radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a heterocycloalkyl radical as defined above, such as pyrrolidinylmethyl, tetrahydrothienylmethyl, pyridylmethyl and the like.
  • heterocycloalkylalkylidene refers to a heterocycle group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group.
  • hydrazinyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to two amino groups joined by a single bond, i.e., -N-N-.
  • hydroxy refers to -OH.
  • hydroxyalkyl refers to a linear or branched alkyl group having one to about ten carbon atoms any one of which may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals. Examples of such radicals include hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxy propyl, hydroxybutyl and hydroxyhexyl.
  • hydroxyalkyl refers to a hydroxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • the phrase "in the main chain” refers to the longest contiguous or adjacent chain of carbon atoms starting at the point of attachment of a group to the compounds of this invention.
  • the term “isocyanato” refers to a -NCO group.
  • the term “isothiocyanato” refers to a -NCS group.
  • the phrase “linear chain of atoms” refers to the longest straight chain of atoms independently selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • lower means containing from 1 to and including 6 carbon atoms.
  • mercaptoalkyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an R'SR- group, where R and R' are as defined herein.
  • mercaptomercaptyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a RSR'S- group, where R is as defined herein.
  • mercaptyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an RS- group, where R is as defined herein.
  • null refers to a lone electron pair
  • nitro refers to -NO 2 .
  • oxy or "oxa,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to -0-.
  • perhaloalkoxy refers to an alkoxy group where all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.
  • perhaloalkyl refers to an alkyl group where all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.
  • oxo refers to a doubly bonded oxygen.
  • sulfonate refers the -SO 3 H group and its anion as the sulfonic acid is used in salt formation.
  • sulfanyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to -S-.
  • sulfinyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to -S(O)-.
  • sulfonyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to — SO 2 -.
  • thia and thio refer to a -S- group or an ether wherein the oxygen is replaced with sulfur. The oxidized derivatives of the thio group, namely sulfinyl and sulfonyl, are included in the definition of thia and thio.
  • thioether refers to a thio group bridging two moieties linked at carbon atoms.
  • thiol refers to an -SH group.
  • thiocarbonyl when alone includes thioformyl -C(S)H and in combination is a -C(S)- group.
  • N-thiocarbamyl refers to an ROC(S)TMH- group, with R as defined herein.
  • O-thiocarbamyl refers to a— OC(S)NR, group with R as defined herein.
  • thiocyanato refers to a -CNS group.
  • trihalomethanesulfonamido refers to a X 3 CS(O) 2 NR- group with X is a halogen and R as defined herein.
  • trimethanesulfonyl refers to a X 3 CS(O) 2 - group where X is a halogen.
  • trimethoxy refers to a X 3 CO- group where X is a halogen.
  • trimethysilyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a silicone group substituted at its three free valences with groups as listed herein under the definition of substituted amino. Examples include trimethysilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl and the like.
  • the term "optionally substituted” means the anteceding group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the substituents of an "optionally substituted” group may include, without limitation, one or more substituents independently selected from the following groups or a particular designated set of groups, alone or in combination: lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkanoyl, lower heteroalkyl, lower heterocycloalkylalkyl, lower haloalkyl, lower haloalkenyl, lower haloalkynyl, lower perhaloalkyl, lower perhaloalkoxy, lower cycloalkyl, phenyl, aryl, aryloxy, lower alkoxy, lower haloalkoxy, oxo, lower acyloxy, carbonyl, carboxyl, lower alkylcarbonyl, lower carboxyester, lower carboxamido, cyano, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, amino, lower alkyl
  • Two substituents may be joined together to form a fused five-, six-, or seven-menbered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring consisting of zero to three heteroatoms, for example forming methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy.
  • An optionally substituted group may be unsubstituted (e.g., - CH2CH 3 ), fully substituted (e.g., -CF 2 CF 3 ), monosubstituted (e.g., -CH 2 CH 2 F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and monosubstituted (e.g., -CH 2 CF 3 ).
  • bonds refers to a covalent linkage between two atoms, or two moieties when the atoms joined by the bond are considered to be part of larger substructure.
  • a bond may be single, double, or triple unless otherwise specified.
  • combination therapy means the administration of two or more therapeutic agents to treat a therapeutic condition or disorder described in the present disclosure. Such administration encompasses co-administration of these therapeutic agents in a substantially simultaneous manner, such as in a single capsule having a fixed ratio of active ingredients or in multiple, separate capsules for each active ingredient. In addition, such administration also encompasses use of each type of therapeutic agent in a sequential manner. In either case, the treatment regimen will provide beneficial effects of the drug combination in treating the conditions or disorders described herein.
  • B-Raf inhibitor is used herein to refer to a compound that exhibits an IC 50 with respect to B-
  • IC 50 is that concentration of inhibitor which reduces the activity of an enzyme to half-maximal level.
  • Representative compounds of the present invention have been discovered to exhibit inhibition against B-Raf.
  • Compounds of the present invention preferably exhibit an IC 50 with respect to B-Raf of no more than about 10 ⁇ M, more preferably, no more than about 5 ⁇ M, even more preferably not more than about 1 ⁇ M, and most preferably, not more than about 200 nM, as measured in the B-Raf assays described herein.
  • terapéuticaally effective is intended to qualify the amount of active ingredients used in the treatment of a disease or disorder. This amount will achieve the goal of reducing or eliminating the said disease or disorder.
  • patient means all mammals including humans. Examples of patients include humans, cows, dogs, cats, goats, sheep, pigs, and rabbits. Preferably, the patient is a human.
  • prodrug refers to a compound that is made more active in vivo.
  • the present compounds can also exist as prodrugs, as described in Hydrolysis in Drug and Prodrug Metabolism : Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Enzymology (Testa, Bernard and Mayer, Joachim M. Wiley-VHCA, Zurich, Switzerland 2003).
  • Prodrugs of the compounds described herein are structurally modified forms of the compound that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide the compound.
  • prodrugs can be converted to the compound by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to a compound when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent.
  • Prodrugs are often useful because, in some situations, they may be easier to administer than the compound, or parent drug. They may, for instance, be bioavailable by oral administration whereas the parent drug is not. The prodrug may also have improved solubility in pharmaceutical compositions over the parent drug.
  • a wide variety of prodrug derivatives are known in the art, such as those that rely on hydrolytic cleavage or oxidative activation of the prodrug.
  • An example, without limitation, of a prodrug would be a compound which is administered as an ester (the "prodrug"), but then is metabolically hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid, the active entity. Additional examples include peptidyl derivatives of a compound.
  • therapeutically acceptable prodrug refers to those prodrugs or zwitterions which are suitable for use in contact with the tissues of patients without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic response, are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and are effective for their intended use.
  • therapeutically acceptable salt represents salts or zwitterionic forms of the compounds of the present invention which are water or oil-soluble or dispersible; which are suitable for treatment of diseases without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic-response; which are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio; and which are effective for their intended use.
  • the salts can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or separately by reacting the appropriate compound in the form of the free base with a suitable acid.
  • Representative acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, L-ascorbate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, digluconate, formate, fumarate, gentisate, glutarate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hippurate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethansulfonate (isethionate), lactate, maleate, malonate, DL-mandelate, mesitylenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, naphthylenesulfonate, nicotinate
  • basic groups in the compounds of the present invention can be quaternized with methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates; decyl, lauryl, myristyl, and steryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; and benzyl and phenethyl bromides.
  • acids which can be employed to form therapeutically acceptable addition salts include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, and phosphoric, and organic acids such as oxalic, maleic, succinic, and citric.
  • Salts can also be formed by coordination of the compounds with an alkali metal or alkaline earth ion.
  • the present invention contemplates sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium salts of the compounds of the compounds of the present invention and the like.
  • Basic addition salts can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds by reacting a carboxy group with a suitable base such as the hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate of a metal cation or with ammonia or an organic primary, secondary, or tertiary amine.
  • the cations of therapeutically acceptable salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum, as well as nontoxic quaternary amine cations such as ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, /V,/V-dimethyIaniline, /V-methylpiperidine, /V-methylmorpholine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, 1 -ephenamine, and NtN 1 - dibenzylethylenediamine.
  • Other representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperidine, and piperazine.
  • the compounds of the present invention can exist as therapeutically acceptable salts.
  • the present invention includes compounds listed above in the form of salts, in particular acid addition salts. Suitable salts include those formed with both organic and inorganic acids. Such acid addition salts will normally be pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts of non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be of utility in the preparation and purification of the compound in question.
  • Salts Properties, Selection, and Use (Stahl, P. Heinrich. Wiley- VCHA, Zurich, Switzerland, 2002).
  • the subject invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug or solvate thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers thereof and optionally one or more other therapeutic ingredients.
  • the carrier(s) must be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. Any of the well-known techniques, carriers, and excipients may be used as suitable and as understood in the art; e.g., in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.
  • compositions of the present invention may be manufactured in a manner that is itself known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or compression processes.
  • the formulations include those suitable for oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intraarticular, and intramedullary), intraperitoneal, transmucosal, transdermal, rectal and topical (including dermal, buccal, sublingual and intraocular) administration although the most suitable route may depend upon for example the condition and disorder of the recipient.
  • the formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods include the step of bringing into association a compound of the subject invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug or solvate thereof ("active ingredient") with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation.
  • Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or a non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • the active ingredient may also be presented as a bolus, electuary or paste.
  • compositions which can be used orally include tablets, push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol. Tablets may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with binders, inert diluents, or lubricating, surface active or dispersing agents. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • the tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein. All formulations for oral administration should be in dosages suitable for such administration.
  • the push-fit capsules can contain the active ingredients in admixture with filler such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers.
  • the active compounds may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols.
  • stabilizers may be added.
  • Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings.
  • concentrated sugar solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures.
  • Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active compound doses.
  • the compounds may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion.
  • Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
  • the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
  • the formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in powder form or in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example, saline or sterile pyrogen-free water, immediately prior to use.
  • sterile liquid carrier for example, saline or sterile pyrogen-free water
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
  • Formulations for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous (oily) sterile injection solutions of the active compounds which may contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
  • Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides, or liposomes.
  • Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran.
  • the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents which increase the solubility of the compounds to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.
  • the compounds may also be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection.
  • the compounds • may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
  • compositions may take the form of tablets, lozenges, pastilles, or gels formulated in conventional manner.
  • Such compositions may comprise the active ingredient in a flavored basis such as sucrose and acacia or tragacanth.
  • the compounds may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, or other glycerides.
  • Compounds of the present invention may be administered topically, that is by non-systemic administration. This includes the application of a compound of the present invention externally to the epidermis or the buccal cavity and the instillation of such a compound into the ear, eye and nose, such that the compound does not significantly enter the blood stream.
  • systemic administration refers to oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular administration.
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin to the site of inflammation such as gels, liniments, lotions, creams, ointments or pastes, and drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear or nose.
  • the active ingredient may comprise, for topical administration, from 0.001 % to 10% w/w, for instance from 1 % to 2% by weight of the formulation. It may however comprise as much as 10% w/w but preferably will comprise less than 5% w/w, more preferably from 0.1% to 1% w/w of the formulation.
  • Gels for topical or transdermal administration of compounds of the subject invention may comprise, generally, a mixture of volatile solvents, nonvolatile solvents, and water.
  • the volatile solvent component of the buffered solvent system may preferably include lower (Cl -C6) alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl glycols and lower glycol polymers. More preferably, the volatile solvent is ethanol.
  • the volatile solvent component is thought to act as a penetration enhancer, while also producing a cooling effect on the skin as it evaporates.
  • the nonvolatile solvent portion of the buffered solvent system is selected from lower alkylene glycols and lower glycol polymers. Preferably, propylene glycol is used.
  • the nonvolatile solvent slows the evaporation of the volatile solvent and reduces the vapor pressure of the buffered solvent system. The amount of this nonvolatile solvent component, as with the volatile solvent, is determined by the pharmaceutical compound or drug being used.
  • the buffer component of the buffered solvent system may be selected from any buffer commonly used in the art; preferably, water is used.
  • the preferred ratio of ingredients is about 20% of the nonvolatile solvent, about 40% of the volatile solvent, and about 40% water.
  • chelators and gelling agents are several optional ingredients which can be added to the topical composition. These include, but are not limited to, chelators and gelling agents. Appropriate gelling agents can include, but are not limited to, semisynthetic cellulose derivatives (such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) and synthetic polymers, and cosmetic agents.
  • Lotions according to the present invention include those suitable for application to the skin or eye.
  • An eye lotion may comprise a sterile aqueous solution optionally containing a bactericide and may be prepared by methods similar to those for the preparation of drops.
  • Lotions or liniments for application to the skin may also include an agent to hasten drying and to cool the skin, such as an alcohol or acetone, and/or a moisturizer such as glycerol or an oil such as castor oil or arachis oil.
  • Creams, ointments or pastes according to the present invention are semi-solid formulations of the active ingredient for external application.
  • the base may comprise hydrocarbons such as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, a metallic soap; a mucilage; an oil of natural origin such as almond, corn, arachis, castor or olive oil; wool fat or its derivatives or a fatty acid such as steric or oleic acid together with an alcohol such as propylene glycol or a macrogel.
  • hydrocarbons such as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, a metallic soap
  • a mucilage an oil of natural origin such as almond, corn, arachis, castor or olive oil
  • wool fat or its derivatives or a fatty acid such as steric or oleic acid together with an alcohol such as propylene glycol or a macrogel.
  • the formulation may incorporate any suitable surface active agent such as an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivative thereof.
  • suitable surface active agent such as an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivative thereof.
  • Suspending agents such as natural gums, cellulose derivatives or inorganic materials such as silicaceous silicas, and other ingredients such as lanolin, may also be included.
  • Drops according to the present invention may comprise sterile aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions and may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a suitable aqueous solution of a bactericidal and/or fungicidal agent and/or any other suitable preservative, and preferably including a surface active agent.
  • the resulting solution may then be clarified by filtration, transferred to a suitable container which is then sealed and sterilized by autoclaving or maintaining at 98-100 0 C for half an hour.
  • the solution may be sterilized by filtration and transferred to the container by an aseptic technique.
  • bactericidal and fungicidal agents suitable for inclusion in the drops are phenylmercuric nitrate or acetate (0.002%), benzalkonium chloride (0.01%) and chlorhexidine acetate (0.01%).
  • Suitable solvents for the preparation of an oily solution include glycerol, diluted alcohol and propylene glycol.
  • Formulations for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavored basis such as sucrose and acacia or tragacanth, and pastilles comprising the active ingredient in a basis such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia.
  • the compounds according to the invention are conveniently delivered from an insufflator, nebulizer pressurized packs or other convenient means of delivering an aerosol spray.
  • Pressurized packs may comprise a suitable propellant such as dichlorodifiuoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
  • the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
  • the compounds according to the invention may take the form of a dry powder composition, for example a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
  • the powder composition may be presented in unit dosage form, in for example, capsules, cartridges, gelatin or blister packs from which the powder may be administered with the aid of an inhalator or insufflator.
  • Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing an effective dose, as herein below recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of the active ingredient. It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularly mentioned above, the formulations of this invention may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulation in question, for example those suitable for oral administration may include flavoring agents.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered orally or via injection at a dose of from
  • 0.1 to 500 mg/kg per day The dose range for adult humans is generally from 5 mg to 2 g/day. Tablets or other forms of presentation provided in discrete units may conveniently contain an amount of compound of the invention which is effective at such dosage or as a multiple of the same, for instance, units containing 5 mg to 500 mg, usually around 10 mg to 200 mg.
  • the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.
  • the compounds of the subject invention can be administered in various modes, e.g. orally, topically, or by injection.
  • the precise amount of compound administered to a patient will be the responsibility of the attendant physician.
  • the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diets, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the precise disorder being treated, and the severity of the indication or condition being treated.
  • the route of administration may vary depending on the condition and its severity.
  • the compounds described herein may be administered in combination with another therapeutic agent.
  • another therapeutic agent such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug thereof.
  • the therapeutic effectiveness of one of the compounds described herein may be enhanced by administration of an adjuvant (i.e., by itself the adjuvant may only have minimal therapeutic benefit, but in combination with another therapeutic agent, the overall therapeutic benefit to the patient is enhanced).
  • the benefit of experienced by a patient may be increased by administering one of the compounds described herein with another therapeutic agent (which also includes a therapeutic regimen) that also has therapeutic benefit.
  • another therapeutic agent which also includes a therapeutic regimen
  • increased therapeutic benefit may result by also providing the patient with another therapeutic agent for diabetes.
  • the overall benefit experienced by the patient may simply be additive of the two therapeutic agents or the patient may experience a synergistic benefit.
  • combination therapies include use of the compounds of the invention with agents found in the following pharmacotherapeutic classifications as indicated below. These lists should not be construed to be closed, but should instead serve as illustrative examples common to the relevant therapeutic areaat present. Moreover, combination regimens may 2006/018885
  • routes of administration include a variety of routes of administration and should include intravenous, intraocular, subcutaneous, dermal, inhaled topical, oral.
  • compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: aromatase inhibitors, antiestrogen, anti-androgen, or a gonadorelin agonists, topoisomerase land 2 inhibitors, microtubule active agents, alkylating agents, antineoplastic, antimetabolite, dacarbazine (DTIC), or platinum containing compound, lipid or protein kinase targeting agents, protein or lipid phosphatase targeting agents, anti-angiogentic agents, agents that induce cell differentiation, bradykinin 1 receptor and angiotensin II antagonists, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, heparanase inhibitors, lymphokines or cytokine inhibitors, bisphosphanates, rapamycin derivatives, anti-apoptotic pathway inhibitors, apoptotic pathway agonists, PPAR agonists, inhibitors of Ras isoforms, telomerase inhibitors, prote
  • an agent selected from the group comprising:
  • compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: dacarbazine (DTIC), alkylating agents (eg, melphalan) anthracyclines (eg. doxorubicin), corticosteroids (eg. dexamethasome), Akt inhibitor (eg. Perifosine), aromatase inhibitors, antiestrogen, anti-androgen, or a gonadorelin agonists, topoisomerase land 2 inhibitors, microtubule active agents, alkylating agents (eg.
  • cyclophophamide, temozolomide), antimeoplastic antimetabolite, or platinum containing compounds MITC, nitrosoureas, taxanes, lipid or protein kinase targeting agents, protein or lipid phosphatase targeting agents, anti-angiogentic agents, IMiDs (eg. thalidomide, lenalidomide), protease inhibitors (eg. bortezomib, " NPI0052), IGF-I inhibitors, CD40 antibody, Smac mimetics (eg. telomestatin), FGF3 modulator (eg. CHIR258), rnTOR inhibitor (Rad 001), HDAC inhibitors (eg.
  • the multiple therapeutic agents may be administered in any order or even simultaneously. If simultaneously, the multiple therapeutic agents may be provided in a single, unified form, or in multiple forms (by way of example only, either as a single pill or as two separate pills). One of the therapeutic agents may be given in multiple doses, or both may be given as multiple doses. If not simultaneous, the timing between the multiple doses may be any duration of time ranging from a few minutes to four weeks.
  • the present invention provides methods for treating Braf-mediated disorders in a human or animal subject in need of such treatment comprising administering to said subject an amount of a compound of the present invention effective to reduce or prevent said disorder in the subject in combination with at least one additional agent for the treatment of said disorder that is known in the art.
  • the present invention provides therapeutic compositions comprising at least one compound of the present invention in combination with one or more additional agents for the treatment of Braf-mediated disorders.
  • Diseases or disorders in which B-Raf kinase plays a role include, without limitation: oncologic, hematologic, immunologic, dermatologic and ophthalmologic diseases.
  • Autoimmune diseases which may be prevented or treated include, without limitation: osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, chronic thyroiditis, Grave's disease, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune gastritis, autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, atopic dermatitis, graft vs. host disease, or psoriasis.
  • the invention further extends to the particular autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Hematopoiesis diseases including, myelodysplastic disorders (MDS), and myeloproliferative disorders (polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia), sickle cell anemia.
  • MDS myelodysplastic disorders
  • myeloproliferative disorders polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia
  • sickle cell anemia rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Dermatologic diseases including, without limitation, melanoma, basel cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and other non-epithelial skin cancer as well as psoriasis and persistent itch, and other diseases related to skin and skin structure, may be treated or prevented with p38 inhibitors of this invention.
  • Ophthalmologic dieases which may be treated or prevented include, without limitation, dry eye (including Sjogren's syndrome), macular degeneration, closed and wide angle glaucoma, inflammation, and pain of the eye.
  • Hematological and non-hematological malignancies which may be treated or prevented include but are not limited to multiple myeloma, acute and chronic leukemias including Acute Lymphocytic
  • the present invention includes compounds listed above in the form of salts, in particular acid addition salts. Suitable salts include those formed with both organic and inorganic acids. Such acid addition salts will normally be pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts of non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be of utility in the preparation and purification of the compound in question.
  • Individual stereoisomers of compounds can be prepared synthetically from commercially available starting materials which contain chiral centers or by preparation of mixtures of enantiomeric products followed by separation such as conversion to a mixture of diastereomers followed by separation or recrystallization, chromatographic techniques, direct separation of enantiomers on chiral chromatographic columns, or any other appropriate method known in the art.
  • Starting compounds of particular stereochemistry are either commercially available or can be made and resolved by techniques known in the art.
  • the compounds of the present invention may exist as geometric isomers.
  • the present invention includes all cis, trans, syn, anti,
  • compounds may exist as tautomers; all tautomeric isomers are provided by this invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the compounds and formulations of the present invention are also useful for veterinary treatment of companion animals, exotic animals and farm animals, including mammals, rodents, and the like. More preferred animals include horses, dogs, and cats.
  • Examples 1 -155 can be made by methods known in the art, and were evaluated for their activity and found to be B-Raf inhibitors by two methods, described in the assays immediately following the table, [n the following table, (-) denotes IC 50 ⁇ 20 ⁇ M. (+) denotes IC 50 > 20 ⁇ M. and N/A indicates that the compound had no measureablc activity.
  • This assay utilizes and modifies the protocol for the p38 MAPK enzyme binding assay kit from DiscoverX, Inc.
  • the kit is designed to detect ATP competitors for p38 kinase by competitive displacement of an SB202190 compound conjugate, followed by enzyme fragment complementation and chemiluminescence.
  • Raf kinases have some structural similarity to p38 kinases in their catalytic domains, and the SB202190 compound conjugate binds to B-Raf and can be displaced in a manner similar to that for p38.
  • the manufacturer's protocol is followed , except that the volumes are adjusted for 1536 well format.
  • chemiluminescence substrate 2 ⁇ l of chemiluminescence substrate is added, followed by an incubation of 4 hours at normal room temperature. After this last incubation, luminescence activity is measured on a suitable plate reader. Negative control activity is measured with DMSO lacking any test compound. Positive control activity is measured with Bay 43-9006. Efficacy is measured as a percentage of positive control.
  • B-Raf kinase buffer 2OmM MOPS [pH 7.2], 25mM sodium glycerophosphate, 2mM EGTA [pH 8.0], 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 1 OmM MgCl 2 , 0.03% Brij-35,
  • N-terminal GST-tagged human B-Raf protein kinase ( ⁇ 1-415, Upstate Cat. 14-530) is dispensed into one well of a 1536 multi-well white solid plate. 50nl of IOOX concentration of test compound in DMSO is dispensed to the well by passive pin transfer and incubated for 15 minutes at normal room temperature. 2.5 ⁇ l of B-Raf kinase buffer containing 12.5ng of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged, C-terminal His ⁇ -tagged human Mekl (inactive, Upstate Cat.
  • SMILES Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des composés et des méthodes utiles comme inhibiteurs de la B-Raf dans le traitement ou la prévention des cancers, tels que des tumeurs malignes hématologiques et non hématologiques, l'hématopoïèse, les maladies auto-immunes, les états dermatologiques et ophtalmologiques.
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