CN1352674A - 背面有粘合剂的制品 - Google Patents

背面有粘合剂的制品 Download PDF

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CN1352674A
CN1352674A CN99816640A CN99816640A CN1352674A CN 1352674 A CN1352674 A CN 1352674A CN 99816640 A CN99816640 A CN 99816640A CN 99816640 A CN99816640 A CN 99816640A CN 1352674 A CN1352674 A CN 1352674A
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三上治幸
P·R·弗莱明
M·H·马苏雷科
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种有贴合膜的背面有粘合剂的制品,压敏粘合剂粘合到该膜的一面上。该压敏粘合剂包含在贴合膜背面上的微结构表面。所述微结构表面限定了粘合剂内的沟槽。沟槽形成液体流出的通道。施加到基材上时,沟槽和结构湿润,使得从制品露出的表面基本看不出微结构表面。

Description

背面有粘合剂的制品
发明的领域
本发明涉及背面有粘合剂的制品，更具体地说，涉及这样的背面有粘合剂的制品，所述粘合剂具有微结构表面，粘合到贴合膜上，甚至更具体地涉及具有单位面积比容的沟槽，它由粘合剂内的微结构表面形成，该沟槽使制品施加到基材上后，具有所要求的可定位和使流体排到制品周边的性能，而不对膜的表面外观有不良影响。
发明的背景
膜常常采用压敏粘合剂粘合到基材上。膜通常可粘合到多种不同的基材上，包括例如汽车上的表面。粘合剂与基材的接触表面之间的界面对膜性能很重要。粘合剂与基材之间的界面受到几种因素的影响。例如，应用会受所用的粘合剂类型、采用的膜的尺寸和类型、要施加制品的基材表面、采用的施加技术或它们的组合的影响。
背面有粘合剂的膜常常用于装饰。在粘合剂与基材间形成粘合之前，将膜放到特定位置常常很难，但是对于审美又很重要。一些背面有粘合剂的制品不能在基材表面上滑移，而且在基材表面上由最轻的接触就会粘合。这样的制品如果不注意粘合到了基材上，就很难重新粘合。在粘合后试图重新定位时，就位的背面有粘合剂的制品不能滑移，会妨害制品的定位，或损害制品。
装饰制品也要求背面有粘合剂的制品能够在粘合步骤中，排出封入粘合剂下面的空气或其他流体。能从制品下排出流体和气泡，会改善制品的总外观。另外，膜下的气泡也会妨害制品的粘合性能。
表面上常常应用薄膜，使粘合剂膜与施加膜的基材混合。另外，较薄的膜通常较软，由此适用于施加在有轮廓的表面。但是，使用薄膜会有外观上的问题，较薄的膜往往会显示粘合剂或施加背面有粘合剂的制品的基材的所有表面的异常或不平的部分。
发明的概述
本发明涉及一种背面有粘合剂的制品。该制品包括有压敏粘合剂的贴合膜，该粘合剂粘合到膜的下表面。所述压敏粘合剂包括在贴合膜背面上的微结构表面。
根据本发明，微结构表面限定了压敏粘合剂内的沟槽。在粘合剂内，对于任意500微米直径的圆面积，所述沟槽有至少1×103微米3容积。当制品施加到基材上时，所述沟槽用于形成使流体排到制品周边的通道。如至少85％的湿润率所示，背面有粘合剂的制品与基材充分粘合。制品最终施加到基材上后，在上表面基本看不出沟槽。
通常，将制品用力施加到基材上之前，本发明背面有粘合剂的制品可以在基材上定位。粘合剂的微结构表面可使制品在基材表面上滑移，或易于从基材表面上取下，直至施加足够的压力，使粘合剂与基材表面之间形成粘合。当粘合力施加到制品上时，本发明制品也提高从粘合剂与基材之间的界面排出流体的性能。微结构部件尤其适用于使用薄膜的场合，即小于300微米。
本发明的沟槽能够呈多种形状或图案。沟槽通常由形成微结构表面的粘合剂内的结构形成。所述结构可以无规地位于粘合剂表面上，或是以规则图案位于粘合剂表面上。
微结构表面能够直接压花带有结构的压敏粘合剂层而形成。另外，衬里或背衬也能够首先压花，接着，用压敏粘合剂涂布，使粘合剂具有结构。所述膜一般叠压或粘合到粘合剂层具有微结构部件的背面上。
有利的是提供背面有粘合剂的制品，它在粘合剂内有通道，以便排出流体，并能使制品定位，而不对制品外观有不良影响。沟槽限定通向制品周边的使封入粘合剂与基材表面之间的流体流出的通道。另外，本发明的微结构表面使制品能够在基材上定位。此外，制品施加到基材上后，具有微结构的粘合剂不会在膜露出的表面上形成可看见的重复图案。
为了达到本发明的目的，在本文中使用的术语的定义如下所述：
“微观”指结构的尺寸足够小，裸眼从任意平面观察以确定其形状时，都需要借助于光学仪器。在W.J.Smith的Modern Optic Engineering，McGraw-Hill，1966，第104-105页，可找到一个标准，因此，视觉的敏锐度“根据能够辨认出的最小字母的角尺寸确定和测得”。当可认出的最小字母在视网膜上对着5′弧度的角高度时，被认为是正常的视觉敏锐度。在一般的250mm(10英寸)的工作距离下，这得出该安母的0.36mm(0.0145英寸)的横向尺寸。
“微结构”指这样的结构形态，其中结构的至少2个方向是微观的。结构的上视图和/或剖面图必须是微观的。
“可压花”指压敏粘合剂层或衬里能够使其表面部分显著凸起的能力，尤其可由机械方式实现。
“湿”或“湿润”指在表面上扩展和紧密接触表面。
“可定位”或“定位能力”指不用力背面有粘合剂的制品就能容易地在基材上滑移，而不会抓住或粘合到基材上，或背面有粘合剂的制品在轻微力作用下就能够可剥离地粘合到基材上，而且取下时仍保持初始微结构表面的至少部分形式的。
“剥离衬里”可与“衬里”互换使用，指这样的柔软片，它放到压敏粘合剂表面上与之紧密接触后，随后可取下，而不会损坏粘合剂涂层。
“微结构衬里”指具有至少一个微结构表面的衬里，它适于与粘合剂接触。
“背衬”指软薄片，它放到压敏粘合剂上并与之紧密接触后，随后不能在不损害粘合剂涂层的情形下取下。
“微结构背衬”指具有微结构表面的背衬。
“基材”指为了预定目的，施加压敏粘合剂涂层的表面。
“带”指施加到背衬上的压敏粘合剂涂层。
“非弹性变形”指膜在张力下被拉伸至15％并撤去张力而形成的给定应变下的永久变形。
“贴合”指柔软和柔性的聚合物膜，它拉伸后具有足够的非弹性形变，使得一旦拉伸，膜就不会回复到其初始长度。
“可流出性”或“可流出空气性”指可从粘合剂与基材表面之间的界面排出流体，尤其是空气。
“外观”指制品的视觉特性，在制品施加到基材之后从膜的露出表面所看到的一种特性。
附图的简要说明
下面参照附图更详细地说明本发明，附图中相同的编号表示相同或相似的组件，其中：
图1是本发明背面有粘合剂的制品的部分的放大剖面图；
图2a是本发明微结构粘合剂表面的一部分平面图；
图2b是本发明背面有粘合剂的制品的部分视图，突出显示了本发明的微结构部件；
图3a是本发明微结构部件的一个实施方式的透视图；
图3b是本发明一个截去顶部的微结构部件的实施方式的透视图；
图4a是显示本发明双部件的微结构元件的一个实施方式的透视图；
图4b是显示本发明双部件的微结构元件的另一个实施方式的透视图；
图5是显示粘合剂层的微结构表面的形态的剖面图；
图6是显示粘合剂层的微结构表面的第二形态的剖面图；
图7是显示粘合剂层的微结构表面的其他形态的剖面图；
图8是根据本发明适于在粘合剂内形成微结构表面的剥离衬里的透视图；
图9是说明本发明制品施加到基材上后的表面粗糙度的图；
图10是说明对比制品施加到基材上后的表面粗糙度的图。
发明的详细说明
如图1所示，本发明的制品10包括具有相反的表面14和16的贴合膜12。压敏粘合剂18粘合到贴合膜12的表面16上。压敏粘合剂18包括一个能够粘合到基材(未示出)上的表面20。压敏粘合剂18包括限定沟槽24的结构22。剥离衬里26可剥离地粘附到压敏粘合剂18上。剥离衬里26包括用来在压敏粘合剂18内形成相应的沟槽24和结构22的凸起28。以部分取下状态示出的剥离衬26是可以全部取下的，在制品10施加到基材上之前，用来保护压敏粘合剂。
本发明的制品比在某种程度上可排出封入的空气的有结构的粘合剂有改进。但是一些结构粘合剂不容易在基材上定位。此外，常常在用力将制品施加到基材上后，结构常会显示在整个膜的外表面上。用薄膜时尤其是这样，薄膜会清楚地显示下方表面的不同之处。本发明可形成在具有特定流变性能的压敏粘合剂内限定沟槽的微结构表面，解决3-5常规背面有粘合剂的制品有关的问题。本发明的粘合剂内的沟槽具有特定的尺寸和特征，以提高可定位性和使流体排到制品周边的性能。此外，施加后从制品露出的表面看时，沟槽的特性也使粘合剂的微结构表面人眼基本不能看到。
用于本发明制品的贴合膜通常由本行业内普通技术人员常规使用的各种塑料制成。合适的膜包括例如聚氯乙烯膜、聚氯乙烯、增塑聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、氟树脂等。根据所要求的用途，膜厚度可以变化很大，但是通常在这样的范围内，从约300微米或以下，优选约25-100微米。
合适贴合层的具体例子是增塑的聚氯乙烯膜，而且拉伸后具有足够的非弹性形变，使拉伸时，膜不会回复到其初始长度。膜优选一次拉伸至其初始长度的115％后，具有至少5％的非弹性形变。聚氯乙烯膜的一般配方包括聚氯乙烯树脂、光和/或热稳定剂(一种或多种)、增塑剂和任选的颜料。增塑剂量通常低于约40％(重量)，优选含有与聚氯乙烯膜相容并提供必需的柔性和耐久性的不可迁移聚合物增塑剂。合适的增塑剂是聚酯聚合物弹性体与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(例如杜邦公司生产的Elvaloy742)的组合物，可溶于芳族溶剂，而且在100份氯乙烯树脂中的含量各为约26份和10份。
可以任选使用底漆，提高膜与粘合剂之间的粘合性。底漆的类型随使用的膜和粘合剂的类型变化，本行业内的普通技术人员能够选择合适的底漆。底漆的合适例子包括氯化聚烯烃、聚酰胺和改性聚合物，如美国专利№5677376、5623010和如WO98/15601和WO99/03907所述，和其他的改性丙烯酸类聚合物。底漆一般以很低的浓度分散于合适的溶剂内，例如低于约5％固体，并涂布到膜上，室温或高温下干燥，形成很薄的膜。使用的一般溶剂可以包括水、庚烷、甲苯、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇等，单独使用或组合使用。
根据本发明，有用的压敏粘合剂包括用微结构模具、背衬或衬里压花后，或涂布到微结构模具、背衬或衬里并随后取下之后，能够在露出的表面上保持微结构特征的粘合剂。对于给定的用途，根据要施加制品的基材的类型和用于制造背面有粘合剂的制品的微结构化方法，选择具体的压敏粘合剂。此外，有用的微结构压敏粘合剂也应当能够保持其微结构表面，到足以使达背面有粘合剂的制品可使用的一段时间。
任何压敏粘合剂都适用于本发明。粘合剂一般根据它们要粘合的基材类型进行选择。压敏粘合剂的类型包括丙烯酸类、增粘橡胶、增粘合成橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、硅氧烷等。合适的丙烯酸类粘合剂在例如美国专利№3239478、3935338、5169727、RE24906、4952650和4181752有说明。一类优选的压敏粘合剂是至少丙烯酸烷基酯与至少一种增强的共聚单体的反应产物。合适的丙烯酸烷基酯具有低于约-10℃2的均聚物玻璃化转变温度，包括例如丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸异壬酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯等。合适的增强单体具有约-10℃的均聚物玻璃化转变温度，包括例如丙烯酸、衣康酸、丙烯酸异冰片酯、N，N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙烯基己内酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮等。
粘合剂可以是这样的聚合物，它分散于溶剂或水中，并涂布到剥离衬里上，干燥，并任选交联。如果使用溶剂基或水基压敏粘合剂组合物，那么粘合剂层必须进行干燥步骤，脱除全部或大部分载体液体。要得到光滑表面，也必需其他的涂布步骤。所述粘合剂也可以热熔涂布到衬里或微结构背衬上。另外，也能够将预粘合剂的单体组合物涂布到衬里上，并用能源例如热、UV照射、e电子辐射进行聚合。
粘合剂的厚度依赖于几种因素，包括例如粘合剂组成、用来形成微结构表面的结构类型、基材的类型和膜的厚度。本行业内的普通技术人员能够调节厚度，以符合具体用途的要求。通常，粘合剂层的厚度大于包含微结构表面的结构的高度。粘合剂层的厚度优选在约10-50微米的范围内。
压敏粘合剂能够任选包含一种或多种添加剂。根据聚合方法、涂布方法、最终用途等，能够使用选自引发剂、填料、增塑剂、增粘剂、链转移剂、纤维状增强剂、织造或非织造织物、发泡剂、抗氧剂、稳定剂、阻燃剂、粘度提高剂、着色剂及其混合物的添加剂。
本发明的压敏粘合剂包含微结构表面，它在贴合膜背面上露出的粘合剂表面上。微结构表面限定粘合剂内的沟槽。沟槽是从露出表面伸入粘合剂内的敞开的连续通道或凹槽。沟槽或终止于粘合剂层的周边部位，或与终止于制品周边部位的其他沟槽连通。制品施加到基材上时，通道可以使封入粘合剂与基材之间界面内的流体排到制品的周边。
对于任何给定的粘合剂微结构表面的单位面积，形成的沟槽都具有比容。单位面积粘合剂的最小容积可保证基材与粘合剂界面处的流体充分排出。在两维的粘合剂平面内，对于任意500微米直径的圆面积，沟槽优选具有至少1×103微米3的容积。在任意500微米直径的圆面积上，沟槽最优选具有1.0×103微米3以上至约1×107微米3的容积。
为了对露出的膜表面提供所要求的粘合性，当最终施加制品时，本发明的沟槽至少部分消失。沟槽至少部分消失的能力依赖于沟槽形状和粘合剂的流变性。根据本发明，对于特定的压敏粘合剂组合物，根据在下面“实施例”部分讨论的湿润百分率测试，选择沟槽的尺寸以获得至少85％的结果。合适的湿润能够在制品与基材之间充分密封。
沟槽的形状能够根据加工方法变化很大，但是沿横向观察，每个都优选具有V形、U形、矩形或梯形剖面。图2A和2B显示了本发明制品30的部分视图，它主要显示了粘合剂38内的梯形沟槽34。背面有粘合剂的制品30包括膜32和粘合剂38。梯形沟槽34和相应的结构36形成于粘合剂38内。结构36的侧壁35限定沟槽34的侧壁。
沟槽的尺寸限值能够使用宽高比描述。宽高比定义为沟槽平行于连续粘合剂层的平面的最大微观尺寸与沟槽垂直于连续粘合剂层的平面的最大微观尺寸之比。以垂直于沟槽壁的角度取沟槽的剖面尺寸来测量宽高比。根据沟槽的特定类型，宽高比的限值约为0.1-20。例如，图7的结构形成的沟槽具有优选的宽高比，约为10-15。
通常向粘合剂内压花或形成许多结构，来形成沟槽。结构可以呈现为无规排列的形式或规则图案。每个结构至少部分形成粘合剂内沟槽的一部分。所选的图案可以包括直线性图案、极坐标图案和其他常规的规则图案。许多结构可以组合，在粘合剂表面上形成连续沟槽。
在形成于压敏粘合剂内以形成微结构表面的结构的形状能够变化。结构形状的例子包括而不局限于选自半球形、棱柱(例如正方形棱柱、矩形棱柱、圆柱棱柱和其他相似的多边形部件)、棱锥或椭圆体。能够采用不同结构形状的组合。优选的形状包括选自半球形、棱柱和棱锥。每个结构的高度都应当一般高于约3微米，但是低于粘合剂层的总厚度，优选约3微米-50微米。另外，部分结构可以截去顶部，以形成其他结构的表面，以便控制粘合剂的接触表面，并提高粘合剂的湿润率。图3A示出了四边形棱锥40，它说明了一个适用于本发明的实施方式。图3B示出了一个截去顶部的四边形棱锥41，它也可以在本发明压敏粘合剂内压花。
在本发明的背面有粘合剂的制品中，结构的规则图案或组合具有特定形状和尺寸，以便得到所要求的性能参数。因此，结构以约400微米或以下，优选约300微米或以下的间距排列(相邻结构的相似结构点的间距平均值)。大于400微米的间距会不利地形成这样的图案，它具有施加后显示在膜表面上的特征，由此使制品外观质量下降。
双部件结构是适用于本发明制品的另一实施方式。叠加或使用两种结构通过进一步减少粘合剂的起始接触表面，可提高制品的可定位性。图4A示出了截去顶部的具有露出表面43的四边形棱锥42。具有底部45的第二四边形棱锥44置于露出表面43上。图4B示出了另一个实施方式，主要显示了本发明的双部件。长方体部件46有底部47，接受第二个更小的长方体部件48的底部49。通常，第二个结构的底部表面小于第一结构露出的表面。另外，可以将不同的外形或形状与底部结构组合，以便获得本发明所要求的定位性能。
制品的可定位性受起始接触基材的粘合剂面积的影响。微结构部件起始形成的表面接触面积，优选约为平行于连续粘合剂层的平面内的粘合剂总面积的60％或以下。本发明的可定位性由“实施例”部分所述的测试测得。本发明制品优选的可定位性测试等级为2或更好。
图5-7用来说明压敏粘合剂微结构表面的各种尺寸和特性。这些图示出了对应于衬里的理想形状。本行业内的普通技术人员会明白压敏粘合剂不能与本发明中使用的结构的尺度保持精确公差。图5是本发明使用的压敏粘合剂的部分的透视图。粘合剂50具有许多结构52。部件52的间距P不超过400微米。每个部件52自沟槽54的高度在3-30微米的范围内，沟槽54的上边长度W1在自1微米至间距P的范围内，此外，沟槽54的底部长度W2在自0微米至这样的尺寸范围内：即该尺寸足以使部件的底角α达到1-90°的范围内的一个值。相应沟槽的宽高比不超过20。
图6是粘合剂60的示意图，它具有顶部截去的结构62，第二结构64放在顶部截去的结构62的上表面63上。从第二结构64的相应边测得的间距P不超过400微米。每个结构自沟槽66底部的高度约为1-30微米。沟槽66的上边长度W1在自1微米至间距P的范围内，此外，沟槽66的底部长度W2在自0微米至这样的尺寸范围内：即该尺寸足以使结构62的底角α1达到1-90°的范围内的一个值。第二结构64的底角α2在1-90°的范围内。
图7对应于具有四边形棱锥形状的微结构表面72的粘合剂层70。结构72的间距P等于沟槽74的上边长度W1，不超过400微米。每个结构72自沟槽74底部的高度h在3-30微米的范围内。沟槽74的底部长度W2是0微米。
使用剥离衬里或背衬是一种适于形成本发明微结构粘合剂的方法。该剥离衬里能够有利地由多种材料制成。微结构衬里的优选材料可以包括而不局限于塑料，例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、纤维素乙酸酯、聚氯乙烯和聚(1，1-二氟乙烯)，还有用这些塑料涂层或叠层的纸或其他基材。这些可压花的涂覆纸或热塑性膜经常硅化处理，或用其他方式处理，以提高剥离性能。剥离衬里的厚度根据所要求的效果，能够变化很大。此外，还可以使用各种技术，给结构提供剥离衬里，例如美国专利№5650215(Mazurek)所述，其内容结合参考于此。
图8示出了适于在粘合剂表面上形成结构的衬里80。衬里80包括凸起82，当粘合剂浇铸到衬里上时，凸起82在粘合剂内形成沟槽。
本发明的制品通过用本行业内已知的常规操作，使粘合剂上形成本发明的微结构表面而制成。采用模具直接将粘合剂压花，或将粘合剂涂布到预先用本发明部件压花的衬里或背衬上，就形成了部件。这些方法和操作在美国专利№5650215中有全面描述，其内容已经在前面结合参考。
上述制品能够施加到多种基材上，包括光滑的气密表面。为了获得所要求等级的粘合，重要的是使特定的压敏粘合剂与基材相配。合适基材的例子包括玻璃、金属、塑料、木材和陶瓷基材和这些基材的油漆表面。代表性的塑料基材包括聚氯乙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体橡胶、聚氨酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、热塑性工程塑料(例如聚苯醚、聚醚醚酮、聚碳酸酯)和热塑性弹性体。基材通常是制品着重需要排出流体的光滑基材。表面粗糙的基材本来就可使排出封入施加制品的界面的流体排出，因为粗糙表面可使流体流动。
施加制品需要制品在基材上定位。本发明的微结构表面能够使背面有粘合剂的制品在基材表面上移动，直至施加压力，使粘合剂接触并使粘合剂湿润基材表面。合适的压力值和形成的湿润会在粘合剂与基材之间形成粘合。
用力施加制品时，沟槽可使任何封入的流体从制品周边排出，由此消除气泡。此外，施加制品的过程中，本发明的微结构部件至少部分会塌倒，由此增大与基材接触的粘合剂量。沟槽的至少部分消失可由下面“实施例”所述的湿润率测试结果说明。本发明表明湿润测试结果至少为85％，优选至少95％。沟槽的至少部分消失可保证制品对基材具有较好的粘合等级。
根据本发明，制品的微结构表面从膜表面上基本看不出，由此改善了制品的总外观。测量外观的一种方法包括使用在“实施例”部分有全面描述的表面粗糙度测试步骤。本发明表明，将制品施加到基材上后，从贴合膜的上表面，显现不出周期性或重复图案的外观。另外，本发明的表面粗糙度不大于膜本身的粗糙度。
下面用非限制性实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例
表面粗糙度测试
膜的表面形态采用购自Wyko Corporation的RST Plus表面轮廓***测量，用垂直扫描干涉仪类型(VSI)，采用1.2倍的放大倍数，和13.64微米的像素尺寸。
该***采用干涉显微镜和计算机算法来分析表面。在该***中，白光束通过显微镜物镜到达样品表面。分光镜将入射光束的一半反射到参照表面。来自于样品和参照表面的光束在分光镜再汇合，形成表面聚焦时可以看到的亮带和暗带交替的干涉条纹。包含干涉物镜的参考臂垂直移动，以扫描不同高度的表面，采用线性化的压电转换器控制移动。对于每个焦点位置，白光的干涉条纹处处仅以很浅的深度存在，这样当一个样品点聚焦时，在该点处的条纹反差就达到峰值。在摄像机捕获含有表面上每点的干涉信号的干涉数据图像的情况下，该***从焦点上方开始，并以均匀的间隔扫描表面。计算机运算法则处理数据，计算表面的高度。
例如图9和10所示的表面的单线分析提供了沿样品单线的表面高度曲线图。曲线上的峰说明表面是否有周期性，即峰的重复图案。在除去倾斜项情况下进行分析，以排除由于干涉仪结构而产生的外来数据。放大倍数是1.2，像素尺寸是13.64微米。当背面有粘合剂的膜的表面粗糙度大于未涂布膜时，背面有粘合剂的膜的周期性的证据通常很明显。表面粗糙度(Ra)是样品表面粗糙度的算术平均值。
湿润百分率测试
该技术用来研究具有微结构表面的粘合剂在光滑透明基材上的湿润。该技术使用的硬件由下述器件组成：立体显微镜(Olympus SZH-ZB型)、装在显微镜上的视频摄像机(Cohu 4815型)、同轴的立式照明器(Olympus TL2型)和装有视频数字化板(Imaging Technologies PCVISIONplus)的计算机(Hewlett-Packard Vectra QS/20)，它使计算机能够捕获图像并数字化。随后，这样的图像能够储存起来，并用买到的软件包(Jandel JAVA)分析。同轴的立式照明器提供光，光透过透镜(即光轴)，照亮物体。光经过装在显微镜的平面物镜末端的圆形偏振器。在操作中，步骤如下所述：
1.用2kg辊滚压一次将粘合带贴到玻璃(或其他光学透明并平坦的)表面；
2.将叠层物定位，使粘合剂/玻璃界面可透过玻璃由立体显微镜看到；
3.调节样品，使玻璃垂直于光轴；
4.调节圆形偏振器，优化光强度和反差；
5.使用图像分析软件，捕获图像并数字化；
6.设置接收的软件灰值窗，仅接收对应于湿润面积的灰值(即亮度值)；
7.施加带时，分析总湿润面积，它为总图像面积的百分率。
可定位性的滑移测试
在约23℃温度，用甲基乙基酮(MEK)清洁水平玻璃板。约2.5cm×7.5cm的测试样品(即压敏粘合剂在规定的背衬上)以压敏粘合剂的面向下的平铺到玻璃板上约10秒。提起样品末端并侧向拉。测试级别如下所述：
1.样品自由移动；
2.样品容易移动，有一定阻力；
3.由于粘合到板上，样品移动的阻力相当大，但是能够提起而没有破坏；
4.样品粘到板上，不能重新定位，除非破坏。
空气沟槽的容积
根据衬里内500微米直径圆内微结构的尺寸，计算空气沟槽的容积。结果以每500微米圆的微米3表示。空气沟槽的容积的计算和结果如表1所示。
实施例1-11和对比例C1-C5
用金刚石车刀切削或激光机械加工压花辊，形成沟槽的间距、深度、顶部和底部宽度和底角变化的图案。在聚乙烯上具有硅氧烷涂层的聚乙烯涂覆纸剥离衬里，(例如购自Rexam或Inncoat)，在加热的橡胶辊与每个压花辊之间进行压花，形成具有脊的微结构衬里。在进入橡胶辊与压花辊的辊隙之前，将橡胶辊加热至110℃温度，将聚合物涂覆的纸加热至表面温度达110℃。衬里绕着约半个压花辊行进，接着，到达一个冷却衬里的冷罐上。衬里上的微结构尺寸如表1所示，具有反的正方棱锥形状。间距是从一个微结构到相邻微结构上同一点的距离，高度是微结构自沟槽底部的高度，W1是梯形沟槽顶部的长度，W2是梯形沟槽底部的长度。
根据美国专利№4737577所述的压敏粘合剂(PSA)共聚物工序，制备溶剂基丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂，其内容结合参考于此，使用90份丙烯酸异辛酯和10份丙烯酸。用氮丙啶交联剂将PSA稀释至约25％固体含量，例如美国专利№5648425所述。
将压敏粘合剂溶液涂布到微结构衬里上，至干涂层厚度约30微米。每个衬里上的溶液都100℃干燥10分钟，形成具有微结构表面的粘合剂膜，该微结构表面限定梯形沟槽，其近似尺寸从衬里算得，如表1所示。
接着，在室温下将每个样品露出的粘合剂面叠压到50微米厚的涂底漆的白色增塑的柔软和贴合聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜，该膜用由2-甲基氮丙啶改性的丙烯酸类聚合物涂底漆。底漆是乙酸乙酯中的胺官能丙烯酸聚合物。使用双辊的辊隙制成叠层物，形成平整的压敏粘合剂涂布的PVC膜。根据上述测试方法，测试该膜的外观、排出空气的能力、可滑移性和湿润率。测试结果如表1所示。
                                                                    表1
 间距，μm    高度，μm   W1，μm  W2，μm   角α1，° 任意500μm圆面积的平均容积(μm3) 外观 排出空气的能力   可滑移性   湿润率(％)
    1     126      16   34   17     62     1.1×106 良好   良好     3
    2     198      21   67   3     39     1.1×106 良好   良好     3     90.4
    3     198      22   28   3     62     6.1×105 良好   良好     3     93.5
    4     197      15   18   1     60     2.8×105 良好   良好     3     98.4
    5     200      15   200   0     9     1.9×106 良好   良好     2     98.7
    6*     197      25   197   3     28     3.3×105 良好   良好     2     99.0
    7     203      20   35   12     60     8.5×105 良好   良好     3
    8     297      20   35   12     60     6.0×105 良好   良好     3
    9     198      19   38   22     72     9.9×105 良好   良好
    10     198      19   28   11     71     6.3×105 良好   良好
    11     197      20   24   1     60     4.8×105 良好   良好     3     98.5
    C1     1270      22   61   27     52     ** 差   良好     3
    C2     770      20   143   96     40     ** 差   良好     3
    C3     508      20   35   12     60     ** 差   良好     3
*包括底角为60°的第二部件；
**在给定的500微米圆内的容积无法确定。
根据本发明制成的实施例1-11表现出良好的外观、排出空气的能力和至少合适的可滑移性。用裸眼目力检测外观。良好的外观结果表明看不到下面的结构。如果图案能够看到，表明外观结果差。关于实施例C1-C3，对于任何500微米直径的圆面积的平均比容无法确定，因为部分500微米直径圆面积没有沟槽。另外，实施例C1-C3的外观差，表明施加后人眼能够看到沟槽形成的图案。
接着，使用塑料刮板将每个实施例的测得尺寸约2.54cm×2.54cm的样品叠压到清洁的玻璃板上。然后，根据上述步骤，分析样品的表面粗糙度和周期性。实施例C4是聚氯乙烯膜，它没有叠加粘合剂；C5是聚氯乙烯膜，它叠压有非结构性PSA，结果如表2所示。
                                 表2
    实施例 Ra值-μm     单线分析     PSD
    1     0.99 不规则峰，没有周期性     没有尖峰
    2     0.50 不规则峰，没有周期性     没有尖峰
    5     0.85 不规则峰，没有周期性     没有尖峰
    6     0.54 不规则峰，没有周期性     没有尖峰
    C2     1.60 明确的重复峰
    C4     1.31 不规则峰，没有周期性
    C5     0.65 不规则峰，没有周期性
实施例1、2、5和6具有与聚氯乙烯膜(实施例C5)粗糙度相类似的算术平均值。如图9所示的实施例2没有显示周期性或重复图案。实施例C2的粗糙度算术平均值较高，但是具有更重要的重复图案或周期性，由干涉仪数据证明。如图10所示的实施例C2的周期性，对应于粘合剂的结构表面内沟槽的间距。C2中的图案用人眼可测出。由于微泡存在于粘合剂内，实施例C4的粗糙度大于聚氯乙烯膜(实施例C5)。因为粘合剂没有结构，所以实施例C4不显示周期性。
从上述本发明的总原理和详细说明，本行业内的普通技术人员会容易明白，容易对本发明进行各种变化。因此，本发明的范围应当仅受所附权利要求书及其等效内容的限制。

Claims (18)

1.一种背面有粘合剂的制品，它包括：
(a)贴合膜，该膜有上表面和下表面；和
(b)压敏粘合剂，该粘合剂粘合在所述膜的下表面，所述压敏粘合剂在所述膜的背面上具有微结构表面，形成沟槽，对于任意500微米直径的粘合剂圆面积，所述沟槽有至少1×103微米3的容积，当所述制品施加到基材上时，所述沟槽形成使流体排到制品周边的通道，由测试湿润百分率得到的至少85％的湿润率结果说明，所述背面有粘合剂的制品能够密封，所述制品最终施加到基材上后，在所述贴合膜的上表面基本看不出沟槽。
2.如权利要求1所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述背面有粘合剂的制品能够在基材表面上定位。
3.如权利要求2所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中当开始接触时，所述制品的起始接触表面积约为所述粘合剂总面积的60％或以下。
4.如权利要求2所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述的膜根据可定位性的滑移测试得到的结果等级为2或更高。
5.如权利要求1所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述沟槽的宽高比约为0.1-20。
6.如权利要求1所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述沟槽的剖面形状具有V型、U型、矩形、梯形或它们的组合。
7.如权利要求1所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述的微结构表面有许多结构，它们至少部分限定沟槽。
8.如权利要求7所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述的结构选自半球形、棱柱、棱锥形、椭圆体或它们的组合。
9.如权利要求7所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述的结构是截去顶部的。
10.如权利要求9所述背面有粘合剂的膜，其中所述的截去顶部的结构具有第二结构，所述粘合剂形成在第二结构上。
11.如权利要求7所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述的结构无规地排布在所述粘合剂的微结构表面上。
12.如权利要求7所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述的结构规则地排布在所述粘合剂的微结构表面上。
13.如权利要求12所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述的结构的定位间距约为400微米或以下。
14.如权利要求1所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中当所述压敏粘合剂施加到基材表面上时，从所述贴合膜的上表面，所述制品显示不出周期性的外观，而且根据表面粗糙度测试得到的表面粗糙度不超过膜自身的表面粗糙度。
15.如权利要求1所述背面有粘合剂的制品，它还含有将所述膜粘合到所述压敏粘合剂上的底涂层。
16.如权利要求1所述背面有粘合剂的制品，它还含有剥离衬里，该衬里粘合到所述压敏粘合剂的微结构表面上。
17.如权利要求1所述背面有粘合剂的制品，其中所述背面有粘合剂的制品是施加到基材上的。
18.一种背面有粘合剂的制品，它包括：
(a)贴合膜，该膜有上表面和下表面；
(b)压敏粘合剂，它具有第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面粘合在所述膜的下表面；和
(c)剥离衬里，它粘合在所述压敏粘合剂的第二表面上，所述剥离衬里具有微结构表面，该微结构表面限定在所述压敏粘合剂的第二表面内的微结构表面，微结构表面在所述粘合剂内形成沟槽，对于任意500微米直径的粘合剂圆面积，该沟槽有至少1×103微米3的容积，当取下所述剥离衬里，将所述制品施加到基材上时，所述沟槽形成使流体排到制品周边的通道，由测试湿润百分率得到的至少85％的湿润率结果说明，所述背面有粘合剂的制品能够密封，取下剥离衬里并将制品最终施加到基材上后，在所述贴合膜的上表面基本看不出沟槽。
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