JP4938979B2 - 骨髄にアクセスする装置および方法 - Google Patents

骨髄にアクセスする装置および方法 Download PDF

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JP4938979B2
JP4938979B2 JP2004508670A JP2004508670A JP4938979B2 JP 4938979 B2 JP4938979 B2 JP 4938979B2 JP 2004508670 A JP2004508670 A JP 2004508670A JP 2004508670 A JP2004508670 A JP 2004508670A JP 4938979 B2 JP4938979 B2 JP 4938979B2
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penetrator
operable
assembly
connector
bone marrow
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ミラ,ラリ,ジェイ
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ヴァイダケア、コーパレイシャン
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Description

本発明は概ね骨髄にアクセスする医療用器具(medical device)に、特に動力付きドリルで骨髄に貫入し(penetrate)、ペネトレータ(penetrator)または針を挿入する装置および方法に関する。
毎年、米国では数百万人の患者が生命を脅かす緊急事態の治療を受けている。このような緊急事態には、発作、外傷、心臓停止、薬物の過剰摂取、糖尿病性ケトーシス、不整脈、火傷、およびてんかん重積持続状態があるが、これはほんの一部である。例えば、アメリカ心臓協会によると、毎年、1,500,000人を超える患者が心臓発作(心筋梗塞)を経験し、そのうち500,000人以上が破滅的な合併症で死亡する。
このような緊急事態全てを治療するための基本的要素は、循環器系に薬物および流体を直接投与するために、静脈(IV)ラインを迅速に確立することである。救急車で救急医療士が実行するにせよ、緊急治療室で救急専門医が実行するにせよ、目的は同じ、つまり命を救う薬物および流体を投与するために、IVを開始することである。このような重大な緊急事態を成功裏に治療する能力は、かなり、血管へのアクセスを遂行する際の手術者の技術および幸運に依存する。一部の患者では、IVを開始することは比較的容易であるが、医師、看護士および救急医療士は、患者の約20%でIVへのアクセスを確立するのに大きな困難を経験することが多い。このような患者では、この問題を解決しようと、鋭利な針で繰り返し探り、静脈ルートを最終的に確立するために侵襲的措置を必要とすることがある。
IVへのアクセスを達成する際にさらに複雑にする要因は、「現場で」、例えば事故現場で、または救急車で移送中に発生し、ここでは目標を探すことが困難であり、過度の動作により、静脈系へのアクセスが非常に困難になる。
慢性疾患を有する患者か高齢者の場合は、容易にアクセス可能な血管の使用可能性がほとんどなくなる。末梢血管の解剖学的欠乏、肥満、極端な脱水症、または以前のIV薬の使用により、使用可能なIV部位がない患者もいる。このような患者の場合、救命薬物を投与するために適切な部位を発見することは、もどかしく、途方もない作業になる。罹患率および死亡率の統計は一般的に入手不可能であるが、命を脅かす緊急事態の患者の多くは、救命のIV治療で血管系にアクセスするのが遅れるか、単に不可能であったために、その後の合併症で死亡していることが知られている。このような患者には、代替方法が必要である。
本発明の教示によると、骨髄への迅速なアクセスを獲得する装置および方法が提供される。
本発明の1つの実施形態では、骨髄に貫入するためにハウジングおよびペネトレータ・アセンブリを含む装置が提供される。ペネトレータ・アセンブリは、骨髄に貫入するように動作可能であり、着脱式の内部トロカール(removable inner trocar)および外部ペネトレータ(outer penetrator)を有する。ペネトレータ・アセンブリをドリル・シャフトに解放自在に取り付けるために動作可能なコネクタが含まれる。ドリル・シャフトは、ペネトレータ・アセンブリを歯車アセンブリに接続するように動作可能である。歯車アセンブリは、ドリル・シャフトと係合し、これを回転するように動作可能である。歯車アセンブリと係合し、ドリル・シャフトの回転によってペネトレータを骨髄に打ち込むように動作可能なモータ、およびモータに動力を供給するように動作可能な電源および付随する回路も含まれる。
本発明の別の実施形態では、骨髄に貫入するため、ハウジング、および骨髄に貫入するように動作可能なペネトレータ・アセンブリを含む装置が提供される。ペネトレータ・アセンブリをドリル・シャフトに解放自在に取り付けるように動作可能なコネクタが含まれ、ドリル・シャフトは、ペネトレータ・アセンブリを減速歯車アセンブリに接続するように動作可能である。ドリル・シャフトと係合して、これを回転するように動作可能な減速歯車アセンブリ、および減速歯車アセンブリと係合し、ドリル・シャフトの回転によりペネトレータを骨髄に打ち込むように動作可能なモータも含まれる。モータに動力を供給するように動作可能な電源および付随する回路も提供される。
本発明の1つの実施形態では、骨髄へのアクセスを提供するように動作可能であり、外部ペネトレータ、および骨髄に貫入するように動作可能な着脱式内部トロカールを備えたペネトレータ・アセンブリが提供される。ペネトレータ・アセンブリを動力ドリルに解放自在に取り付けるように動作可能なコネクタも含まれる。
本発明の別の実施形態では、骨髄へのアクセスを提供するように動作可能であり、外部ペネトレータ、および骨髄に貫入するように動作可能な着脱式内部トロカールを備えたペネトレータ・アセンブリが提供される。内部トロカールは取っ手を含み、取っ手は、使用者が器具を把持し、操作できるようにする把持手段を含む。外部ペネトレータは取っ手を含み、取っ手は把持手段を含み、さらに骨髄に近い挿入部位と係合するように動作可能なフランジを含む。ペネトレータ・アセンブリを動力ドリルに解放自在に取り付けるように動作可能なコネクタも提供される。内部トロカールは、コネクタと解放自在に係合するように動作可能である。
本発明の1つの実施形態では、骨髄にアクセスする方法が提供され、これは動力付き装置によってペネトレータ・アセンブリを骨髄に挿入するステップと、動力付き装置をペネトレータから引き離すステップと、アセンブリの外部ペネトレータから内部トロカールを外すステップと、直角コネクタを外部ペネトレータに取り付けるステップとを含む。
本発明の別の実施形態では、骨髄にアクセスする方法が提供され、これは動力付き装置によってペネトレータ・アセンブリを骨髄に挿入するステップと、ペネトレータから動力付き装置を引き離すステップと、アセンブリの外部ペネトレータから内部トロカールを外すステップと、薬剤または流体を骨髄に搬送するために適切なアダプタを取り付けるステップとを含む。
本発明のさらに別の実施形態では、骨髄に貫入するように動作可能な装置を製造する方法が提供され、これはペネトレータ・アセンブリをドリル・シャフトに解放自在に取り付けるように動作可能なコネクタ、ドリル歯車アセンブリ、ドリル・シャフトと係合し、これを回転するように動作可能である歯車アセンブリ、歯車アセンブリと係合し、ペネトレータ・アセンブリを骨髄に打ち込むように動作可能なモータ、およびモータに電力を供給するように動作可能な電源および関連の回路類を有するハウジングを製造するステップと、コネクタに解放自在に取り付けるように動作可能なペネトレータ・アセンブリを製造するステップとを含む。
本発明のさらなる実施形態では、末端の骨髄に貫入する際に使用するキットが提供され、これは携帯用ケース、骨髄に貫入するためにハウジングおよび骨髄に貫入するように動作可能なペネトレータ・アセンブリを含む装置、ペネトレータ・アセンブリの少なくとも1つの一部を形成する着脱式の内部トロカールおよび外部ペネトレータ、ペネトレータ・アセンブリをドリル・シャフトに解放自在に取り付けるように動作可能な少なくとも1つのコネクタ、ドリル・シャフトと係合し、これを回転するように動作可能な歯車アセンブリ、減速歯車アセンブリと係合し、ペネトレータ・アセンブリの少なくとも1つを骨髄に打ち込むように動作可能なモータ、およびモータに動力を供給する電源および付随する回路、および外部ペネトレータを末端の部位に固定するように動作可能なストラップを含む。
以下の説明を添付図面との関連で参照することにより、本実施形態およびその利点をさらに完全かつ徹底的に理解することができ、ここで同様の参照番号は同様の形体を示す。
本発明およびその利点の好ましい実施形態は、図1Aから図10に関して最もよく理解され、ここで同様の数字は同じ部品または同様の部品を指す。
本発明により骨髄にアクセスするように動作可能な装置の様々な例を、図1Aおよび図1Bの10で全体を示す。図1Aおよび図1Bで図示された装置10は概ね、ハウジング12およびペネトレータ・アセンブリ14を含む。ハウジング12は、オペレータの手に合うようなサイズおよび輪郭にした取っ手16を含む。取っ手16は、オン/オフ・スイッチ22および安全装置24を含むことができる。ペネトレータ・アセンブリ14は、外部ペネトレータ18、内部トロカール(明示せず)、およびペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタ20を含む。
図2Aおよび図2Bは、本発明の代替実施形態を示す。装置10aは概ね、ハウジング12およびペネトレータ・アセンブリ14aを含む。ハウジング12は、オペレータの手に合うようなサイズおよび輪郭にした取っ手16を含む。取っ手16は、オン/オフ・スイッチ22を含むことができる。ペネトレータ・アセンブリ14aは、外部ペネトレータ18、内部トロカール(明示せず)、およびペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタ20を含む。ペネトレータ・アセンブリ14aはペネトレータ・シールド26を含むことができる。外部ペネトレータは、トロカール、針、カニューレ、中空チューブ、ドリル・バイト、または中空ドリル・バイトを含むことができる。
図3Aおよび図3Bは、本発明のさらに別の実施形態を示す。装置10bは概ね、ハウジング12およびペネトレータ・アセンブリ(明示せず)を含む。ハウジング12は取っ手16およびオン/オフ・スイッチ22を含む。ペネトレータ・アセンブリは、ペネトレータ(明示せず)およびコネクタ、例えば図3Aで示すような五角形コネクタ20を含むことができる。図3Bで示すように、ハウジング12は、モータ30、電源32、例えば4個以上の単3電池、電源32とモータ30との間のモータ接続ワイヤ34、およびオン/オフ・スイッチ22と電源32との間のスイッチ接続ワイヤ36を囲む。モータ動力源は、任意の適切な数の単3電池、または他の任意のタイプの電池、直流電源、交流電源または空気またはガス式動力源でよい。モータは往復式または回転式でよい。ワッシャなどの推力軸受け45を、ハウジング12に隣接して、ドリル・シャフト40がハウジング12を出る箇所に配置することができる。推力軸受け45は、ペネトレータで骨に穿孔するにつれ、ドリル穿孔の推力または貫入力が歯車アセンブリ38に加わるのを防止する。図3Cに示す一実施形態においては、ドリルシャフト40に参照数字42で示す交互に嵌合する2つの端部部片42を設けて、ドリルシャフト40の2つの端部部片が、ドリルシャフト40が骨に貫入するにつれて滑動して出入りし、歯車アセンブリに過度の力が加わるのを回避することができる。




図3Bでは、歯車アセンブリ38をモータ30に結合する。歯車アセンブリ38は、モータとドリル・シャフト40の間で毎分回転数(RPM)を減少させ、ドリル・シャフトのトルクを増大させるよう機能する図3Bで示したような減速歯車アセンブリでよい。本発明で使用するモータのタイプに応じて、歯車アセンブリは減速タイプでも、そうでなくてもよい。
制限ではなく例示により、ウォーム歯車アセンブリなどの減速歯車アセンブリが、図4Aでさらに詳細に図示され、モータ30のシャフト44をウォーム歯車46に接続する第1コネクタ43を含むことができる。ウォーム歯車46は、平歯車47と係合してよい。減速歯車アセンブリ38を使用して、モータとペネトレータ・アセンブリとの間でRPMを減少させ、ペネトレータ・アセンブリを骨に挿入するポイントで最適のRPMを提供することができる。減速歯車アセンブリ38は、ドリル・シャフトのトルクとドリル穿孔力を増加させるために使用することもできる。
図4Bは、第1平歯車47が第2平歯車49と係合する減速歯車アセンブリ38の1つの実施形態を示す。図4Cは、本発明の幾つかの実施形態では好ましいことがあるマイタ歯車48から平歯車47がずれた減速歯車アセンブリ38の代替実施形態を示す。減速歯車アセンブリでは、例えば単独で、またはウォーム歯車または平歯車との組合せで使用することができる遊星歯車(明示せず)などの他の歯車を使用することができる。本発明の1つの実施形態では、歯車アセンブリは、任意の適切な歯車構成でよく、減速歯車アセンブリに制限されない。
図5Aから図5Cは、骨髄に貫入するように動作可能であり、着脱式の内部トロカール59および外部ペネトレータ52を有するペネトレータ・アセンブリ55の1つの実施形態を示す。図5Aには、ペネトレータ・アセンブリ55を不注意な係合から保護するよう使用することができ、針を無菌状態に維持する働きもするペネトレータ・シールド26も図示されている。幾つかの実施形態では、外部ペネトレータ52があるタイプの針またはカニューレでよい。図5Bは、外部ペネトレータ52が、内部トロカール50の相補的メス接続部片54と係合するように動作可能なオス接続部片56を含んでよいことを示す。オス接続部片56に隣接するのは、メス接続部片54上の所定の位置にロックする接続部片ロック機構58である。あるいは、外部ペネトレータは、内部トロカールの相補的オス接続部片と係合するのに適切なメス接続部片を含むことができる。外部ペネトレータを骨髄内で位置決めした後、静脈チューブまたはシリンジに接続するため、ルアー・ロック取付具57をオス接続部片56に結合する。オス接続部片56およびメス接続部片54は、ルアー・ロック・タイプでもよい。内部トロカール50は、外部ペネトレータ52がドリル穿孔中に生成された細片で詰まるのを防止するスタイレット53を含む。スタイレット53は、外部ペネトレータのカニューレ部分51との組合せで作用する。外部ペネトレータ52は、挿入部位の皮膚と突き当たるか、これと接続するフランジ60を含むことができ、挿入時にペネトレータ・アセンブリの殺菌に使用することができる。ペネトレータ・アセンブリ55は、ペネトレータ・アセンブリ55を動力付きドリルに接続するために使用できるコネクタ62など、様々なタイプのコネクタを含むことができる。コネクタ62は、図5Aおよび図5Cで示すように五角形でよい。
1つの実施形態では、本発明はペネトレータ・アセンブリと動力付きドリルとの間に専門のコネクタを含むことができる。コネクタは、少なくとも2つの機能、つまり接続機能と解放機能とを実行する。接続機能は、五角形のオス・メス取付具などの様々な機構、またはコネクタ上で適合し、連結する溝と***(ridge)またはバーの組合せ、または一連の溝および***またはバーを含むような様々なロックとキーの機構(look−and−key mechanism)で実行することができる。
解放機能は、Oリング接続、磁気コネクタ、チャック解放機構、またはばね付きまたはばね無しのボールとデテントの機構(ball and detent mechanism)で実行することができる。1つの実施形態では、解放機能はトリガ機構によって生じ、ここでトリガは保持機構と接触し、ペネトレータまたは針を解放する。別の実施形態では、接続機構が、トリガまたは後退可能なシールド棒も含むことができ、これは上方向に滑動して保持機構またはクランプに接触し、これは接触後に切り離されて、ペネトレータまたは針を解放する(明示せず)。
図6Aから図6Cは、ペネトレータ・アセンブリ55を動力付きドリル装置10に着脱自在に取り付けるように動作可能なコネクタの代替実施形態を示す。図6Aは、コネクタ62がコネクタ受け口64に填り、所定の位置に着脱自在にロックされるよう形成されたペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタ62を示す。この例では、コネクタ62およびコネクタ受け口64は五角形である。この実施形態の利点は、ペネトレータ・アセンブリ55を動力付きドリル装置10に取り付け、そこから外すことが容易なことである。ペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタ62は、金属またはプラスチックから形成することができる。
図6Bは、五角形のメス受け口65が、動力付きドリル装置10に取り付けた五角形の接続部片66と係合するように動作可能であるペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタの代替実施形態を示す。図6Cは、ペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタ68が、接続受け口72上のスロット71の対合するパターンと係合する***またはバー70のパターンを有する独自の設計であるペネトレータ・コネクタ・アセンブリのさらなる実施形態を示す。例のペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタは、任意のタイプのロックとキーの設計、または五角形の設計を含むことができる。任意のタイプのペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタを、磁気、Oリング・コネクタ、またはばね付きまたはばね無しのボールとデテントの機構(明示せず)によって所定の位置に保持することができる。
1つの実施形態では、ペネトレータ・アセンブリは、様々なサイズのカニューレ、針または中空ドリル・バイトなどの外部ペネトレータを含む。針は、小型(小児科患者用)、中型(大人用)および大型(大型の大人用)でよい。ペネトレータ、カニューレまたは針は、針を挿入する臨床的目的に応じて、様々な形状で提供することができる。例えば、薬物および流体を投与する1つの構成、および骨髄をサンプリングするか、他の診断目的の代替構成があってもよいが、1つの針構成が両方の目的に適していることがある。針構成は、針の挿入に選択した部位に応じて変化してよい。
図7Aから図7Dは、着脱式内部トロカール82および外部ペネトレータ84を含むペネトレータ・アセンブリ80の1つの実施形態を示す。図7Bは、着脱式の内部トロカール82および外部ペネトレータ84を有するペネトレータ・アセンブリの一実施形態の断面図を示す。外部ペネトレータ84はフランジ86およびフランジ溝88を含む。フランジ86は、ペネトレータ・アセンブリ80を挿入部位の皮膚に当てて安定させるために使用することができる。フランジ溝88は、プラスチックのペネトレータ・カバー94を契合するように動作可能である。外部ペネトレータの表面は、長手方向軸線に沿って形成された一連のディスク、一連の***または他の何らかの把持手段を含むことができる。この表面により、オペレータは2本の指で外部ペネトレータを把持し、内部トロカール82を外部ペネトレータ84から容易に切り離すことができる。外部ペネトレータ84は、スタイレット100を外すと中空であるペネトレータ・カニューレ96を含む。
図7Cでは、内部トロカール82は、トロカールの長手方向軸線に沿って形成された一連のディスク、または一連の***または他の何らかの把持手段などの表面を有することができる取っ手98を含む。取っ手98により、オペレータは内部トロカール82を容易に把持して操作し、これを外部ペネトレータ84から切り離すことができる。内部トロカール82はスタイレット100も含む。スタイレット100は、内部トロカール82を外部ペネトレータ84に挿入すると、ペネトレータ・カニューレ96の端部を出る。スタイレット100は切断先端を含み、骨髄に貫入するように動作可能である。本発明の1つの実施形態では、内部トロカール82は、ペネトレータ・アセンブリと動力付きドリルとを磁気接続できるよう、金属ディスク95を含んでよい。受け口97は、貫入アセンブリを動力付きドリルに接続するように動作可能であるペネトレータ・アセンブリのオス・タイプ・コネクタ部片、または他の任意の適切なコネクタとも係合することができる。
図7Eから図7Gは、コネクタと結合し、ペネトレータ・アセンブリ80に含めることができる解放機構の例を示す。図7Eは、磁気解放機構の1つの実施形態を示し、ここでは磁気ディスク70を内部トロカール82に含める。この実施形態では、磁気ディスク70は、開放区域または受け口97の基部にある。代替実施形態では、磁気ディスクが五角形コネクタまたはロックとキーのコネクタまたは他の任意の適切なコネクタに含まれる。
図7Fは、Oリング72がコネクタの一部としてトロカール98に含まれる解放機構の別の実施形態を示す。この実施形態ではOリング72が受け口97の壁の中にある。Oリング72は、ロックとキーのコネクタ、五角形コネクタまたは他の任意の適切なコネクタと係合することができる。
図7Gは、ボールとデテントの機構74を使用する解放機構のさらに別の実施形態を示す。この実施形態では、ボールとデテントの機構74は受け口97の壁の中にある。ボールとデテントの機構74は、ロックとキーのコネクタ、五角形のコネクタまたは他の任意の適切なコネクタと係合することができる。
図8Aは、外部ペネトレータ針110および内部スタイレット(stylet)112の実施形態を示す。外部ペネトレータ針110の切断先端114および内部スタイレット112の先端は、骨髄に貫入するように動作可能である。本発明の1つの実施形態では、外部ペネトレータ針および内部スタイレットを、製造プロセスで1つのユニットとして一緒に接地して、2つの部片が精密に適合し、1つのドリル穿孔ユニットとして作用することを保証する。
図8Bは、外部ペネトレータ針96および内部スタイレット100の別の実施形態を示す。内部スタイレット100の切断先端102は、骨髄に貫入するように動作可能である。内部スタイレットは、スタイレット100の側部に沿って通る長手方向溝104も含むことができ、これによりペネトレータ・アセンブリが骨のさらに深くまで穿孔するにつれ、骨の破片および組織が挿入部位から出ることができる。外部ペネトレータまたは針96は、ペネトレータ・アセンブリ55を骨髄に挿入するにつれ、外部ペネトレータまたは針96の挿入を容易にし、外部ペネトレータまたは針96への損傷を最小限に抑える切断先端106を含む。本発明の1つの実施形態では、外部ペネトレータ針および内部スタイレットを製造プロセスで1つのユニットとして一緒に接地して、2つの部片が精密に適合し、1つのドリル穿孔ユニットとして作用することを保証する。
図9は、骨髄に貫入するキット(kit)120の1つの実施形態を示す。キット120は、骨髄に貫入する装置10、代替サイズのペネトレータ・アセンブリ122、およびペネトレータ・アセンブリ122の挿入中に外部ペネトレータを先端に固定するのに適したストラップ124を含む。携帯用ケース125も含まれる。
外部ペネトレータまたは針を骨に挿入したら、これを静脈液または薬物の供給源に接続することができる。図10は、ペネトレータ・アセンブリの外部ペネトレータをチューブ130、例えば静脈液または薬物を人に提供するための静脈チューブなどに接続するために使用できるコネクタの例を示す。外部ペネトレータ84は、四肢の骨髄に挿入する。次に直角のコネクタ132を使用して、静脈チューブ130を外部ペネトレータ84に接続する。直角のコネクタは、チューブの内腔を捻ったり締め付けたりしない角度で、チューブを外部ペネトレータまたは針に接続できるという利点を有する。他のコネクタまたはアダプタは、外部ペネトレータを静脈チューブに、別の種類のチューブに、または薬物または流体を人に提供するために使用する、または血液サンプルを骨髄から抜き取る際に使用するシリンジに接続するためにも使用することができる。
骨髄へのアクセスを提供する方法は、外部ペネトレータおよび内部トロカールを含むペネトレータ・アセンブリを骨髄空隙に挿入するために、往復または回転運動が可能な動力付きドリルを使用することを含む。次に、動力付きドリルをペネトレータ・アセンブリから解放し、内部トロカールを把持して、外部ペネトレータから外す。これで、直角のコネクタなどのアダプタに取り付けるか、静脈チューブまたはシリンジに直接取り付けるために、外部ペネトレータの端部に存在するルアー・ロック・コネクタなどのコネクタが使用可能である。
本発明およびその利点を詳細に説明してきたが、請求の範囲で定義されているような本発明の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく、本明細書に対して様々な変更、置換および変化が可能であることを理解されたい。
本発明の1つの実施形態の等角図を示す略図である。 本発明の1つの実施形態の等角図を示す略図である。 本発明の1つの実施形態の等角図を示す略図である。 本発明の1つの実施形態の等角図を示す略図である。 本発明の1つの実施形態を示す側断面図である。 本発明の1つの実施形態を示す側断面図である。 本発明の1つの実施形態を示す側断面図である。 本発明の実施形態に含むことができる減速歯車機構の様々な代替実施形態を示す図である。 本発明の実施形態に含むことができる減速歯車機構の様々な代替実施形態を示す図である。 本発明の実施形態に含むことができる減速歯車機構の様々な代替実施形態を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリの一実施形態を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリの一実施形態を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリの一実施形態を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタの様々な代替実施形態を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタの様々な代替実施形態を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリ・コネクタの様々な代替実施形態を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリの一実施形態を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリの一実施形態の断面図を示す図である。 本発明の内部トロカールの一実施形態を断面図で示す図である。 本発明の外部ペネトレータの一実施形態を断面図で示す図である。 本発明の解放機構の例を示す図である。 本発明の解放機構の例を示す図である。 本発明の解放機構の例を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリの先端の一実施形態を示す図である。 本発明のペネトレータ・アセンブリの先端の一実施形態を示す図である。 本発明の骨髄にアクセスするキットの一実施形態を示す図である。 本発明の外部ペネトレータに取り付けるコネクタの一実施形態を示す図である。

Claims (30)

  1. 骨髄に貫入する装置であって、
    ハウジングと、
    骨髄に貫入するように動作可能であり、着脱式の内部トロカールおよび外部ペネトレータを有するペネトレータ・アセンブリと、
    解放自在に前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリの内部トロカールをドリル・シャフトに取り付けるように動作可能であるコネクタとを備え、
    前記ドリル・シャフトは、前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリを減速歯車アセンブリに接続するように動作可能であり、さらに、
    前記ドリル・シャフトに係合し、これを回転するように動作可能である前記減速歯車アセンブリと、
    この減速歯車アセンブリと係合し、前記ドリル・シャフトの回転によってペネトレータを骨髄に打ち込むように動作可能であるモータと、
    前記モータに動力を供給するように動作可能である動力源および付随する回路とを備えた装置。
  2. 解放可能な前記コネクタが、解放機構に結合する五角形コネクタを備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
  3. 前記解放可能なコネクタが、解放機構に結合したロックとキーのコネクタを備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
  4. 解放機構を、Oリング・コネクタ、磁石、およびボールとデテントの機構で構成されたグループから選択する、請求項2に記載の装置。
  5. 前記減速歯車アセンブリが、少なくとも1つの他の歯車に係合するように動作可能である歯車に取付けた第1の軸を備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
  6. 前記減速歯車アセンブリが遊星歯車を備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
  7. 前記外部ペネトレータおよび内部トロカールがルアー・ロック接続部と結合される、請求項1に記載の装置。
  8. 前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリのトロカールが、骨髄への挿入部位から骨の破片を解放するように動作可能である長手方向溝を有する先端を備え、前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリの外部ペネトレータが刃先を有する、請求項1に記載の装置。
  9. 前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリのトロカールがパドル先端を備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
  10. 前記電源が、複数の電池と、直流電源と、交流電源と、少なくとも1つの充電式電池とから成るグループから選択された電源を備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
  11. 前記モータが、ガスで駆動されるモータと、往復モータと、回転モータとから成るグループから選択される、請求項1に記載の装置。
  12. 前記ドリル・シャフトが、このドリル・シャフトの第2端部と交互に嵌合するように動作可能である第1端部を備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
  13. 前記ハウジングが推力軸受けを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
  14. 前記外部ペネトレータが、標準的な静脈延長チューブに取り付けるように動作可能である、請求項1に記載の装置。
  15. 前記外部ペネトレータが、直角コネクタに接続するように動作可能である、請求項1に記載の装置。
  16. 前記減速歯車アセンブリが、少なくとも1つの他の歯車に係合するように動作可能であるウォーム歯車を備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
  17. 前記減速歯車アセンブリが、前記モータに或る角度をなして斜めに配置されている請求項1に記載の装置。
  18. 前記ドリル・シャフトが、推力軸受を備えている請求項1に記載の装置。
  19. 取っ手を有する内部トロカールを備え、前記取っ手が、前記内部トロカールの長手方向軸線に沿って形成され、使用者が器具を把持し、操作できるようにする一連のディスクを有する表面を含み、
    前記内部トロカールが、前記コネクタに解放自在に係合するように動作可能であり、
    前記外部ペネトレータが取っ手を有し、この取っ手が、長手方向軸線に沿って形成された一連のディスクを有する表面を含み、さらに、
    前記内部トロカールを前記外部ペネトレータと解放自在に係合させるように動作可能であるルアー・ロック・コネクタを備え、
    前記外部ペネトレータが、骨髄の近傍の挿入部位と係合するように動作可能であるフランジを有する、請求項1に記載の装置。
  20. 前記フランジが、ペネトレータカバーと連接できるように動作可能である少なくとも1つの円形溝を備える、請求項19に記載の装置。
  21. 前記内部トロカールが、接続ポイントに埋め込まれ、前記コネクタ内に配置された磁石と係合するように動作可能である金属ディスクを備える、請求項19に記載の装置。
  22. 骨髄へのアクセスを提供するように動作可能である装置であって、
    前記内部トロカールが取っ手を有し、この取っ手は、使用者が器具を把持し、操作できるようにする把持手段を含み、
    前記外部ペネトレータが、骨髄の近傍の挿入部位と係合するように動作可能であるフランジを有し、さらに、
    前記内部トロカールが、コネクタと解放自在に係合するように動作可能である請求項1に記載の装置。
  23. 前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリが、前記内部トロカールを前記外部ペネトレータに解放自在に係合するように動作可能であるルアー・ロック・コネクタを備える、請求項22に記載の装置。
  24. 前記外部ペネトレータが、直角コネクタによって静脈液または薬物の供給源に接続するように動作可能である、請求項22に記載の装置。
  25. 前記内部トローカルと前記外部ペネトレータとが、カッティングエッジを備えた釣り合ったドリル穿孔ユニットを形成する請求項19に記載の装置。
  26. 骨髄に貫入するように動作可能である装置を製造する方法であって、
    ペネトレータ・アセンブリの内部トロカールをドリル・シャフトに解放自在に取り付けるように動作可能であるコネクタと、ペネトレータ・アセンブリを歯車アセンブリに取り付けるように動作可能であるドリル・シャフトと、このドリル・シャフトと係合し、これを回転するように動作可能である減速歯車アセンブリと、この減速歯車アセンブリと係合し、ペネトレータ・アセンブリを骨髄に打ち込むように動作可能であるモータと、このモータに動力を供給するように動作可能である電源および付随する回路とを有するハウジングを製造するステップを含む方法。
  27. 前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリが、外部ペネトレータおよび着脱式内部トロカールを備える、請求項26に記載の方法。
  28. 刃先を形成するために、前記内部トロカールおよび外部ペネトレータをユニットとして研削する請求項27に記載の方法。
  29. 四肢の骨髄への貫入に使用するキットであって、
    携帯用ケースと、
    骨髄に貫入するために、ハウジングおよび骨髄に貫入するように動作可能であるペネトレータ・アセンブリ(122)と、このペネトレータ・アセンブリの少なくとも1つの一部を形成する着脱式内部トロカールおよび外部ペネトレータと、前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリをドリル・シャフトに解放自在に取り付けるように動作可能なコネクタとを含み、前記ドリル・シャフトは、前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリを減速歯車アセンブリに接続するように動作可能であり、さらにドリル・シャフトと係合し、これを回転するように動作可能である前記減速歯車アセンブリと、この減速歯車アセンブリと係合し、前記ドリル・シャフトの回転によって前記ペネトレータ・アセンブリを骨髄に打ち込むように動作可能であるモータと、このモータに動力を供給するように動作可能である動力源および付随の回路とを含む装置と、
    前記外部ペネトレータを四肢の部位に固定するように動作可能であるストラップとを備えたキット。
  30. さらに、四肢の挿入部位を麻酔し、滅菌する薬物を備える、請求項29に記載のキット。
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