JP2001503269A - ズブチラーゼ変異体及び、組成物 - Google Patents
ズブチラーゼ変異体及び、組成物Info
- Publication number
- JP2001503269A JP2001503269A JP52096198A JP52096198A JP2001503269A JP 2001503269 A JP2001503269 A JP 2001503269A JP 52096198 A JP52096198 A JP 52096198A JP 52096198 A JP52096198 A JP 52096198A JP 2001503269 A JP2001503269 A JP 2001503269A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- variant
- subtilase
- enzyme
- residues
- protease
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/52—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from bacteria or Archaea
- C12N9/54—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from bacteria or Archaea bacteria being Bacillus
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.残基132及び133(BASBPN番号付けによる)間に自己タンパク質加水分解性 ***部位を有し、そしてさらに、BLS309の残基129,130,131,132,133,134, 135,136(BASBPN番号付けによる)に対応する位置に位置する1又は複数の残基 での又は残基における置換、挿入又は欠失により修飾されている前駆体ズブチラ ーゼ酵素から誘導されることによって特徴づけられ;それにより、前記前駆体ズ ブチラーゼ酵素に比べて高められた自己タンパク質加水分解安定性を示すズブチ ラーゼ酵素変異体。 2.BLS309の残基G159,S164,1165,Y167,R176,Y171(BASBPN番号付けによ る)に対応する位置に位置する1又は複数のアミノ酸残基に修飾を有し、そして さらに、残基129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136(BASBPN番号付けによる )に対応する位置に位置する1又は複数の残基での又は残基における置換、挿入 又は欠失により修飾されている前駆体ズブチラーゼ酵素変異体から誘導されるこ とによって特徴づけられ;それにより、前記位置129〜136のいづれかの位置で修 飾されていない前駆体ズブチラーゼ変異体に比べて高められた自己タンパク質加 水分解安定性を示すズブチラーゼ酵素変異体。 3.残基192及び193(BASBPN番号付けによる)間に自己タンパク質加水分解性 ***部位を有し、そしてさらに、残基189,190,191,192,193,196(BASBPN番 号付けによる)に対応する位置に位置する1又は複数の残基での又は残基におけ る置換、挿入又は欠失により修飾されている前駆体ズブチラーゼ酵素から誘導さ れることによって特徴づけられ;それにより、前記前駆体ズブチラーゼ酵素に比 べて高められた自己タンパク質加水分解安定性を示すズブチラー ゼ酵素変異体。 4.BLS309の残基P129,P131,E136,G159,S164,1165,Y167,R170,Y171( BASBPN番号付けによる)に対応する位置に位置する1又は複数のアミノ酸残基に 修飾を有し、そしてさらに、BLS309の残基189,190,191,192,193,194,195 ,196(BASBPN番号付けによる)に対応する位置に位置するは1又は複数の残基 での又は残基における置換、挿入又は欠失により修飾されている前駆体ズブチラ ーゼ酵素変異体から誘導されることによって特徴づけられ;それにより、前記位 置189〜196のいづれかで修飾されていない前駆体ズブチラーゼ変異体に比べて高 められた自己タンパク質加水分解安定性を示すズブチラーゼ酵素変異体。 5.前記前駆体ズブチラーゼ酵素が、 i)残基129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136(BASBPN番号付けによる) に対応する位置に位置する1又は複数の残基で、及び ii)BLS309の残基189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196(BASBPN番号付け による)に対応する位置に位置する1又は複数の残基で修飾されている請求の範 囲第1〜4のいづれか1項記載のズブチラーゼ酵素変異体。 6.前記前駆体ズブチラーゼがサブグループ・I−S1から選択される請求の 範囲第1〜5のいづれか1項記載の変異体。 7.前記前駆体ズブチラーゼがABSS168,BASBPN,BSSDY、及びBLSCAR、又はサ ブグループI−S1の特徴を保持しているそれらの機能的変異体から成る群から 選択される請求の範囲第6項記載の変異体。 8.前記前駆体ズブチラーゼがサブグループI−S2から選択される請求の範 囲第1〜5のいづれか1項記載の変異体。 9.前記前駆体ズブチラーゼがBLS147,BLS309,BAPB92及びBYSY AB、又はサブグループI−S2の特徴を保持しているそれらの機能的変異体から 成る群から選択される請求の範囲第8項記載の変異体。 10.前記親ズブチラーゼが、TVTHER、又はサブグループI−S2の特徴を保持 しているその機能的変異体である請求の範囲第8項記載の変異体。 11.前記置換が、少なくとも1つの他の位置における置換、挿入又は欠失と組 合される請求の範囲第1〜10のいづれか1項記載の変異体。 12.前記置換が、位置36,222,218,76のいづれか1又は複数の位置における 置換、挿入又は欠失と組合される請求の範囲第11項記載の変異体。 13.次の位置:129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136(BASBPN番号付けに よる)のいづれか1又は複数の位置における修飾と組合して、次の修飾: T129V,T129I,T129L,T129M,T129F A129V,A129I,A129L,A129M,A129F G131V,G131I,G131L,G131M,G131F K136V,K136I,K136L,K136M,K136F, S159V,S159I,S159L,S159M,S159F, T164V,T164I,T164L,T164M,T164F, K170V,K170I,K170L,K170M,K170F, Q136V,Q136I,Q136L,Q136M,Q136F, T159V,T159I,T159L,T159M,T159F, A164V,A164I,A164L,A164M,A164F, Y170V,Y170I,Y170L,Y170M,Y170F, Y171A,Y171H,Y171N,Y171P,Y171C,Y171W, Y171Q,Y171S,Y171T,Y171G Y171V,Y171I,Y171L,Y171M,Y171F E136V,E136I,E136L,E136M,E136F, G159V,G159I,G159L,G159M,G159F, G164V,G164I,G164L,G164M,G164F, S164V,S164I,S164L,S164M,S164F, Y167A,Y167H,Y167N,Y167P,Y167C,Y167W, Y167Q,Y167S,Y167T,Y167G Y167V,Y167I,Y167L,Y167M,Y167F R170A,R170H,R170N,R170P,R170C,R170W R170Q,R170S,R170T,R170Y,R170G R170V,R170I,R170L,R170M,R170F, のいづれかの組合せである請求の範囲第1〜12のいづれか1項記載の変異体。 14.次の位置:189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196(BASBPN番号付けに よる)のいづれか1又は複数の位置における修飾と組合せて、次の修飾: T129V,T129I,T129L,T129M,T129F A129V,A129I,A129L,A129M,A129F G131V,G131I,G131L,G131M,G131F K136V,K136I,K136L,K136M,K136F, S159V,S159I,S159L,S159M,S159F, T164V,T164I,T164L,T164M,T164F, K170V,K170I,K170L,K170M,K170F, Q136V,Q136I,Q136L,Q136M,Q136F, T159V,T159I,T159L,T159M,T159F, A164V,A164I,A164L,A164M,A164F, Y170V,Y1701,Y170L,Y170M,Y170F, Y171A,Y171H,Y171N,Y171P,Y171C,Y171W, Y171Q,Y171S,Y171T,Y171G Y171V,Y171I,Y171L,Y171M,Y171F E136V,E1361,E136L,E136M,E136F, G159V,G159I,G159L,G159M,G159F, G164V,G164I,G164L,G164M,G164F, S164V,S164I,S164L,S164M,S164F, Y167A,Y167H,Y167N,Y167P,Y167C,Y167W, Y167Q,Y167S,Y167T,Y167G Y167V,Y167I,Y167L,Y167M,Y167F R170A,R170H,R170N,R170P,R170C,R170W R170Q,R170S,R170T,R170Y,R170G R170V,R170I,R170L,R170M,R170F, のいづれかの組合せである請求の範囲第1〜12のいづれか1項記載の変異体。 15.次の位置: i)130,131,132,133,134,135,136(BASBPN番号付けによる)、及び ii)190,191,192,193,194,195,196(BASBPN番号付けによる)のいづれ か1又は複数の位置における修飾と組合せて、次の修飾: T129V,T129I,T129L,T129M,T129F A129V,A129I,A129L,A129M,A129F G131V,G131I,G131L,G131M,G131F K136V,K136I,K136L,K136M,K136F, S159V,S159I,S159L,S159M,S159F, T164V,T164I,T164L,T164M,T164F, K170V,K170I,K170L,K170M,K170F, Q136V,Q136I,Q136L,Q136M,Q136F, T159V,T159I,T159L,T159M,T159F, A164V,A164I,A164L,A164M,A164F, Y170V,Y170I,Y170L,Y170M,Y170F, Y171A,Y171H,Y171N,Y171P,Y171C,Y171W, Y171Q,Y171S,Y171T,Y171G Y171V,Y171I,Y171L,Y171M,Y171F E136V,E136I,E136L,E136M,E136F, G159V,G159I,G159L,G159M,G159F, G164V,G164I,G164L,G164M,G164F, S164V,S164I,S164L,S164M,S164F, Y167A,Y167H,Y167N,Y167P,Y167C,Y167W, Y167Q,Y167S,Y167T,Y167G Y167V,Y167I,Y167L,Y167M,Y167F R170A,R170Π,R170N,R170P,R170C,R170W R170Q,R170S,R170T,R170Y,R170G R170V,R170I,R170L,R170M,R170F, のいづれかの組合せである請求の範囲第1〜12のいづれか1項記載の変異体。 16.前記変異体が、位置:27,36,57,76,97,101,104,120,123,206,2 18,222,224,235、及び274のいづれか1又は複数の位置における追加の置換、 欠失及び/又は挿入と組合される請求の範囲第1〜15のいづれか1項記載の変異 体。 17.前記ズブチラーゼI−S2サブグループに属し、そして前記さらなる変更 が、K27R,*36D,S57P,N76D,G97N,S101G,V104A, V104N,V104Y,H120D,N123S,Q206E,N218S,M222S,M222A,T224S,K235L及び T274Aから成る群から選択される請求の範囲第16項記載の変異体。 18.請求の範囲第1〜17のいづれか1項記載のいづれか1又は複数の置換、欠 失及び/又は挿入と組合せて、変異体V104N+S101G,K27R+V104Y+N123S+T274A、 もしくはN76D+V104A、又はそれらの突然変異の他の組合せ(V104N,S101G,K27R ,V104Y,N123S,T274A,N76D,V104A、のいづれかを含んで成る請求の範囲第17 項記載の変異体。 19.少なくとも次の突然変異: A:Y167I+R170L+A133P B:Y167I+R170L+T134P C:Y167I+R170L+A133P+T134P D:Y167I+R170L+V104C+S132C E:Y167I+R170L+A108C+T134C F:Y167A+R170S+F189A G:-Y167A+R170S+Y192A H:Y167A+R170S+Y192P I:Y167A+R170S+Y192A+A194P J:Y167A+R170S+Y192P+A194P K:Y167A+R170S+F189G L:Y167A+R170S+F189E M:Y167A+R170S+F189R N:Y167I+R170L M:Y167I+R170L+A194P O:Y167A+R170S+A194P P:Y167A+R170L+A194P Q:Y167A+R170N+A194P R:V104C+S132C+Y167I+R170L S:A108C+T134C+Y167I+R170L T:V104C+S132C+Y167A+R170S U:V104C+S132C+Y167A+R170L V:V104C+S132C+Y167A+R170N X:A133D+Y167I+R170L Y:P129K+Y167I+R170L Z:A133P+Y167A+R170S+A194P AA:T134P+Y167A+R170S+A194P BB:A133P+T134P+Y167A+R170S+A194P CC:133P+Y167A+R170N+A194P DD:T134P+Y167A+R170N+A194P EE:A133P+T134P+Y167A+R170N+A194P FF:A133P+Y167A+R170L GG:P129K+P131Π+Y167I+R170L HH:A133P+Y167A+R170S II:133P+Y167A+R170N JJ:Y167A+R170S+F189K KK:V104C+T134C+Y167A+R170S を含んで成る変異体の群から選択される請求の範囲第1〜12のいづれか1項記載 の変異体。 20.自己タンパク質加水分解安定性を示すプロテアーゼ変異体の同定方法であ って、 BLS309のアミノ酸P129,P131,E136,G159,S164,1165,Y167,R170,Y171( BASBPN番号付けによる)に対応する1又は複数の位置で、ズブチラーゼ酵素又は そのプレー又はプレプロ酵素をコードす るDNAの突然変異をもたらし; 前記突然変異誘発されたDNAによりバシラス株を形質転換し; そのようなプロテアーゼ変異体を生成する株を選択し; そのような株を発酵し/増殖せしめ; 前記プロテアーゼ変異体を回収し;そして 洗剤における改良された貯蔵安定性及び/又は洗浄性能について試験すること を含んで成る方法。 21.変異体ズブチラーゼ酵素の生成方法であって、請求の範囲第20項記載の方 法に従っての同定に続いて、所望する高められた自己タンパク質加水分解安定性 を有する変異体ズブチラーゼ酵素を製造することを含んで成る方法。 22.請求の範囲第1〜19のいづれか1項記載のズブチラーゼ変異体をコードす るDNA配列。 23.請求の範囲第22項記載のDNA配列を含んで成るベクター。 24.請求の範囲第23項記載のベクターにより形質転換された微生物宿主細胞。 25.細菌、好ましくはバシラス、特にB.レンタスである請求の範囲第24項記 載の微生物宿主細胞。 26.菌類又は酵母、好ましくは糸状菌、特にアスペルギラスである請求の範囲 第24項記載の微生物宿主細胞。 27.請求の範囲第1〜19のいづれか1項記載の変異体の生成方法であって、請 求の範囲第24〜26のいづれか1項記載の宿主を、前記変異体の発現及び分泌の助 けとなる条件下で培養し、そして前記前駆体を回収することを含んで成る方法。 28.請求の範囲第1〜19のいづれか1項記載のズブチラーゼ変異体を含んで成 る組成物。 29.セルラーゼ、リパーゼ、クチナーゼ、オキシドレダクターゼ 、他のプロテアーゼ又はアミラーゼをさらに含んで成る請求の範囲第28項記載の 組成物。 30.洗剤組成物である請求の範囲第28又は29項記載の組成物。 31.洗濯用及び/又は皿洗い用洗剤への請求の範囲第1〜19のいづれか1項記 載のズブチラーゼ変異体又は請求の範囲第28〜30のいづれか1項記載の酵素組成 物の使用。 32.1又は複数の突然変異A194P及び/又はA133Pと組合して、少なくとも下記 突然変異: R170A R170C R170F R170G R170H R170I R170L R170N R170M R170P R170Q R170S R170T R170V R170Y Y167A+R170A Y167C+R170A Y167F+R170A Y167G+R170A Y167H+R170A Y167I+R170A Y167L+R170A Y167M+R170A Y167N+R170A Y167P+R170A Y167Q+R170A Y167S+R170A Y167T+R170A Y167V+R170A Y167A+R170C Y167C+R170C Y167F+R170C Y167G+R170C Y167H+R170C Y167I+R170C Y167L+R170C Y167M+R170C Y167N+R170C Y167P+R170C Y167Q+R170C Y167S+R170C Y167T+R170C Y167V+R170C Y167A+R170F Y167C+R170F Y167F+R170F Y167G+R170F Y167H+R170F Y167I+R170F Y167L+R170F Y167M+R170F Y167N+R170F Y167P+R170F Y167Q+R170F Y167S+R170F Y167T+R170F Y167V+R170F Y167A+R170G Y167C+R170G Y167F+R170G Y167G+R170G Y167H+R170G Y167I+R170G Y167L+R170G Y167M+R170G Y167N+R170G Y167P+R170G Y167Q+R170G Y167S+R170G Y167T+R170G Y167V+R170G Y167A+R170H Y167C+R170H Y167F+R170H Y167G+R170H Y167H+R170H Y167I+R170H Y167L+R170H Y167M+R170H Y167N+R170H Y167P+R170H Y167Q+R170H Y167S+R170H Y167T+R170H Y167V+R170H Y167A+R170I Y167C+R170I Y167F+R170I Y167G+R170I Y167H+R170I Y167I+R170I Y167L+R170I Y167M+R170I Y167N+R170I Y167P+R170I Y167Q+R170I Y167S+R170I Y167T+R170I Y167V+R170I Y167A+R170L Y167C+R170L Y167F+R170L Y167G+R170L Y167H+R170L Y167I+R170L Y167L+R170L Y167M+R170L Y167N+R170L Y167P+R170L Y167Q+R170L Y167S+R170L Y167T+R170L Y167V+R170L Y167A+R170M Y167C+R170M Y167F+R170M Y167G+R170M Y167H+R170M Y167I+R170M Y167L+R170M Y167M+R170M Y167N+R170M Y167P+R170M Y167Q+R170M Y167S+R170M Y167T+R170M Y167V+R170M Y167A+R170N Y167C+R170N Y167F+R170N Y167G+R170N Y167H+R170N Y167I+R170N Y167L+R170N Y167M+R170N Y167N+R170N Y167P+R170N Y167Q+R170N Y167S+R170N Y167T+R170N Y167V+R170N Y167A+R170P Y167C+R170P Y167F+R170P Y167G+R170P Y167H+R170P Y167I+R170P Y167L+R170P Y167M+R170P Y167N+R170P Y167P+R170P Y167Q+R170P Y167S+R170P Y167T+R170P Y167V+R170P Y167A+R170Q Y167C+R170Q Y167F+R170Q Y167G+R170Q Y167H+R170Q Y167I+R170Q Y167L+R170Q Y167M+R170Q Y167N+R170Q Y167P+R170Q Y167Q+R170Q Y167S+R170Q Y167T+R170Q Y167V+R170Q Y167A+R170S Y167C+R170S Y167F+R170S Y167G+R170S Y167H+R170S Y167I+R170S Y167L+R170S Y167M+R170S Y167N+R170S Y167P+R170S Y167Q+R170S Y167S+R170S Y167T+R170S Y167V+R170S Y167AfR170T Y167C+R170T Y167F+R170T Y167G+R170T Y167H+R170T Y167I+R170T Y167L+R170T Y167M+R170T Y167N+R170T Y167P+R170T Y167Q+R170T Y167S+R170T Y167T+R170T Y167V+R170T Y167A+R170V Y167C+R170V Y167F+R170V Y167G+R170V Y167H+R170V Y167I+R170V Y167L+R170V Y167M+R170V Y167N+R170V Y167P+R170V Y167Q+R170V Y167S+R170V Y167T+R170V Y167V+R170V Y167A+R170Y Y167C+R170Y Y167F+R170Y Y167G+R170Y Y167H+R170Y Y167I+R170Y Y167L+R170Y Y167M+R170Y Y167N+R170Y Y167P+R170Y Y167Q+R170Y Y167S+R170Y Y167T+R170Y Y167V+R170Y を含んで成る変異体の群から選択される請求の範囲第1〜12のいづれか1項記載 の変異体。
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AT (1) | ATE409743T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU4773197A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9712878A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2270180C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69739020D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998020116A1 (ja) |
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- 1997-11-04 JP JP52096198A patent/JP2001503269A/ja active Pending
- 1997-11-04 CA CA2270180A patent/CA2270180C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-04 CN CNA2003101195687A patent/CN1530443A/zh active Pending
- 1997-11-04 AT AT97910275T patent/ATE409743T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-04 CN CNB971993726A patent/CN1136311C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-04 WO PCT/DK1997/000500 patent/WO1998020116A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-04 EP EP97910275A patent/EP0932667B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1997-11-04 US US08/963,851 patent/US6300116B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-04 KR KR1019997003986A patent/KR100591553B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-04 BR BR9712878-3A patent/BR9712878A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-11-04 AU AU47731/97A patent/AU4773197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-04 DE DE69739020T patent/DE69739020D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-09-06 US US09/948,080 patent/US7098017B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013223499A (ja) * | 2008-06-06 | 2013-10-31 | Danisco Us Inc | 変異体微生物プロテアーゼを含む組成物及び方法 |
JP2015012864A (ja) * | 2008-06-06 | 2015-01-22 | ダニスコ・ユーエス・インク | 変異体微生物のプロテアーゼを含む組成物及び方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9712878A (pt) | 2000-02-01 |
JP3756926B2 (ja) | 2006-03-22 |
CA2270180A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
CN1136311C (zh) | 2004-01-28 |
CA2270180C (en) | 2011-01-11 |
KR100591553B1 (ko) | 2006-06-19 |
US20020102702A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
DE69739020D1 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
WO1998020116A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
EP0932667B1 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
US6300116B1 (en) | 2001-10-09 |
AU4773197A (en) | 1998-05-29 |
ATE409743T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
CN1235637A (zh) | 1999-11-17 |
CN1530443A (zh) | 2004-09-22 |
EP0932667A1 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
KR20000053071A (ko) | 2000-08-25 |
JP2005160490A (ja) | 2005-06-23 |
US7098017B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
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