CN108884739A - 用于流体流动***的感受器 - Google Patents

用于流体流动***的感受器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN108884739A
CN108884739A CN201780017101.1A CN201780017101A CN108884739A CN 108884739 A CN108884739 A CN 108884739A CN 201780017101 A CN201780017101 A CN 201780017101A CN 108884739 A CN108884739 A CN 108884739A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
conduit
receptor
wall
heating element
diesel engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201780017101.1A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN108884739B (zh
Inventor
马卡·D·埃弗利
理查德·T·威廉姆斯
詹姆斯·N·普拉顿
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
Original Assignee
Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co filed Critical Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
Publication of CN108884739A publication Critical patent/CN108884739A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN108884739B publication Critical patent/CN108884739B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0244—Heating of fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F02D41/1447—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures with determination means using an estimation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D41/222—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of sensors or parameter detection devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/05—Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/185—Control of temperature with auxiliary non-electric power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
    • G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
    • G05D23/2401—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor using a heating element as a sensing element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/30—Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/08—Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
    • G07C5/0808—Diagnosing performance data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/0038—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications
    • H05B3/0042—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications used in motor vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/18—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/10—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat accumulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/22—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems of electric heaters for exhaust systems or their power supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/07—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas flow rate or velocity meter or sensor, intake flow meters only when exclusively used to determine exhaust gas parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/12—Other sensor principles, e.g. using electro conductivity of substrate or radio frequency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/20—Sensor having heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1406—Exhaust gas pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1411—Exhaust gas flow rate, e.g. mass flow rate or volumetric flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D2041/228—Warning displays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2200/00—Prediction; Simulation; Testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K2205/00—Application of thermometers in motors, e.g. of a vehicle
    • G01K2205/04—Application of thermometers in motors, e.g. of a vehicle for measuring exhaust gas temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/019—Heaters using heating elements having a negative temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种用于加热流体流动***的感受器。在一种形式中，感受器布置在导管内并适于从至少一个加热元件吸收辐射能量并且抑制辐射能量被导管和/或其他部件的至少一个壁吸收。在另一种形式中，感受器吸收和抑制被导管的外壁吸收的辐射能量。

Description

用于流体流动***的感受器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于流体流动应用的加热和传感***，例如车辆排气***，例如柴油机废气和后处理***。
背景技术
本节中的陈述仅提供与本发明相关的背景信息，并且可能不构成现有技术。
物理传感器在诸如发动机的排气***的瞬态流体流动应用中的使用由于诸如振动和热循环的恶劣环境条件而具有挑战性。一种已知的温度传感器包括位于热电偶套管内的矿物绝缘传感器，然后将其焊接到支撑托架上，该支撑托架保持管状元件。遗憾的是，这种设计需要很长时间才能达到稳定性，高振动环境会导致物理传感器损坏。
在许多应用中，物理传感器还呈现实际电阻元件温度的一些不确定性，因此，在加热器功率的设计中经常应用大的安全裕度。因此，与物理传感器一起使用的加热器通常提供较低的功率密度，这允许较低的损坏加热器的风险，代价是更大的加热器尺寸和成本(相同的加热器功率分布在更多的电阻元件表面区域上)。
此外，已知技术使用来自热控制回路中的外部传感器的开/关控制或P I D控制。外部传感器的导线和传感器输出之间的热阻具有固有的延迟。任何外部传感器都会增加组件故障模式的可能性，并限制任何机械安装对整个***的限制。
用于流体流动***中的加热器的一种应用是车辆排气装置，其耦合到内燃发动机以帮助减少各种气体和其他污染物排放到大气中的不期望的释放。这些排气***通常包括各种后处理装置，例如柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)，催化转化器，选择性催化还原(SCR)，柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)，贫NOx捕集器(LNT)，氨逃逸催化剂，或改变者等。DPF，催化转化器和SCR捕获废气中包含的一氧化碳(CO)，氮氧化物(NOx)，颗粒物质(PMs)和未燃烧的碳氢化合物(HCs)。加热器可以周期性地或在预定时间被激活，以增加排气温度并激活催化剂和/或燃烧已经在排气***中捕获的颗粒物质或未燃烧的碳氢化合物。
加热器通常安装在排气管或诸如排气***的容器的部件中。加热器可以包括排气管内的多个加热元件，并且通常被控制到相同的目标温度以提供相同的热输出。然而，温度梯度通常由于不同的操作条件而发生，例如来自相邻加热元件的不同热辐射，以及流过加热元件的不同温度的废气。例如，下游加热元件通常具有比上游元件更高的温度，因为下游加热元件暴露于已经被上游加热元件加热的具有更高温度的流体。此外，中间加热元件从相邻的上游和下游加热元件接收更多的热辐射。
加热器的寿命取决于加热元件的寿命，该加热元件处于最恶劣的加热条件下并且首先会失效。在不知道哪个加热元件首先会失效的情况下很难预测加热器的寿命。为了提高所有加热元件的可靠性，加热器通常设计成以安全系数操作以减少和/或避免任何加热元件的故障。因此，通常操作处于较不苛刻的加热条件下的加热元件以产生远低于其最大可用热输出的热输出。
发明内容
在本发明中，装置用于加热的流体流中以用作感受器，即，用于：吸收来自加热元件的辐射能量，否则该辐射能量将被其他更高质量的***元件吸收；并将吸收的能量转移到被加热的流体流中。因此，通过在预热期间减少由高质量元件(例如流体流动***内的结构元件)吸收的辐射功率，可以提高温度增加的速率。在一种形式中，提供了一种用于承载流体流的导管，其包括至少一个壁，该壁限定导管的外边界并且构造成允许流体流过导管。至少一个加热元件定位在加热导管附近并且可操作用于加热流体流。感受器布置在加热器附近并且适于从至少一个加热元件吸收辐射能量并且抑制辐射能量被导管的至少一个壁吸收。
在另一种形式中，提供了一种柴油发动机排气***，其包括适于承载排气流体流动的导管。导管位于柴油机排气***的催化剂***的上游。柴油发动机排气***还包括至少一个加热元件，该加热元件靠近限定导管的至少一部分的外壁设置，并且感受器布置在导管内并适于从至少一个加热元件吸收辐射能并抑制被导管的外壁吸收的辐射能量。
根据本文提供的描述，其他适用领域将变得显而易见。应该理解的是，描述和具体示例仅用于说明的目的，并不旨在限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
为了可以很好地理解本发明，现在将通过示例的方式参考附图描述其各种形式，其中：
图1是应用了本发明的原理的柴油发动机和排气后处理***的示例性应用的示意图；
图2A是示出根据本发明的教导的安装在加热的流体流动应用内的一种形式的感受器的侧剖视图；
图2B是示出根据本发明的教导的图2A的感受器的正面剖视图；
图3是示出根据本发明的教导的安装在加热的流体流动应用内的另一种形式的感受器的侧剖视图；
图4是示出根据本发明的教导的安装在加热的流体流动应用内的另一种形式的感受器的侧剖视图；
图5是示出根据本发明的教导的安装在加热的流体流动应用内的另一种形式的感受器的侧剖视图；
图6是示出根据本发明的教导的安装在加热的流体流动应用内的另一种形式的感受器的侧剖视图；和
图7是示出根据本发明的教导的安装在加热的流体流动应用内的另一种形式的感受器的侧剖视图。
本文描述的附图仅用于说明目的，并不旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本发明，应用或用途。应该理解的是，在整个附图中，相应的附图标记表示相同或相应的部件和特征。
参照图1，示例性发动机***10通常包括柴油发动机12，交流发电机14(或一些应用中的发电机)，涡轮增压器16和排气后处理***18。排气后处理***18设置在涡轮增压器16的下游用于处理在废气释放到大气之前，来自柴油发动机12的废气。排气后处理***18可包括一个或多个附加部件，装置或***，其可操作以进一步处理排气流体流以实现期望的结果。在如图1所示，排气后处理***18包括加热***20，柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)22，柴油微粒过滤装置(DPF)24和选择性催化还原装置(SCR)26。排气后处理***18还包括上游排气管道32，其中接收加热器组件28，中间排气管道34，其中设置有DOC 22和DPF 24，以及下游排气管道36，SCR 26设置在下游排气管道36中。
应该理解的是，这里示出和描述的发动机***10仅仅是示例性的，因此可以包括诸如NOx吸附器或氨氧化催化剂等其他部件，而其他部件例如DOC，DPF，SCR可能不会使用。尽管示出了柴油发动机12，但是应该理解，本发明的教导也适用于汽油发动机和其他流体流动应用。因此，柴油发动机应用不应被解释为限制本发明的范围。这些变化应被解释为落入本发明的范围内。
加热***20包括设置在DOC 22上游的加热器组件28，以及用于控制加热器组件28的操作的加热器控制模块30。加热器组件28可包括一个或多个加热器，其中每个加热器至少包括一个电阻加热元件。加热器组件28设置在排气流体流动通道内，以便在操作期间加热流体流动。加热器控制模块30通常包括适于接收来自加热器组件28的输入的控制装置。控制加热器组件28的操作的示例可包括将加热器组件“打开”和“关闭”，调节加热器组件28的功率。作为单个单元和/或调制功率以分离子组件，例如单个或一组电阻加热元件(如果可用)，以及它们的组合。
在一种形式中，加热器控制模块30包括控制装置。控制装置与加热器组件28的至少一个加热器通讯。控制装置适于接收至少一个输入，包括但不限于排气流体流动，排气流体流动的质量速度，所述至少一个电加热器的上游的流动温度，所述至少一个电加热器下游的流动温度，输入到所述至少一个电加热器的功率，从所述加热***的物理特性导出的参数，以及它们的组合。加热器可以是适于加热排出流体的任何加热器。示例性加热器包括但不限于带式加热器，裸线电阻加热元件，电缆加热器，筒式加热器，分层加热器，条形加热器和管式加热器。
图1所示的DOC 22包括设置在加热器组件28下游的DOC 22。DOC 22用作催化剂以氧化废气中的一氧化碳和任何未燃烧的碳氢化合物。另外，DOC 22将一氧化氮(NO)转化为二氧化氮(NO2)。DPF 24设置在DOC 22的下游，以帮助从废气中去除柴油颗粒物质(PM)或烟灰。SCR 26设置在DPF 24的下游，并且借助于催化剂将氮氧化物(NOx)转化为氮气(N2)和水。尿素水溶液喷射器27设置在DPF 24的下游和SCR 26的上游，用于将尿素水溶液喷射到废气流中。当尿素水溶液用作SCR 26中的还原剂时，NOx被还原成N2，H2O和CO2。
在图2A和2B中，示出了在流体流动应用中使用的一种形式的感受器，并且通常由附图标记200表示。如图所示，导管202包括定位在其中的感受器200，并且可以适应于流体流动***或排气***，例如关于图1所示的示例。导管202可操作用于承载流体流动，并且在该示例中包括锥形壁204，罐壁208和管壁206。感受器200设置在导管202内，更具体地，沿着锥形壁204罐壁208和管壁206限定导管202的外边界设置，并且构造成允许流体流过导管202。
如进一步所示，至少一个加热元件210定位在导管202附近以加热流体流动。应该理解的是，任何形式的加热器都可以与本发明的教导一起使用。与导管202相比，感受器200是如所示的相对薄壁的元件，使得它可以吸收否则将被锥壁204，罐壁208和管壁206吸收的辐射能量。在该示例性形式中，各种壁204,206和208具有较高的热质量并且不会将尽可能多的热量传递给流动，因为其一些热量将损失到外部环境，例如，通过对流或通过绝缘夹套传导。根据结构支撑件212的应用要求，感受器200可由锥壁204，罐壁208和管壁206支撑并与其间隔开。在另一种形式中，感受器200包括反射材料(未示出)适合于减少远离感受器的热传递。在又一种形式中，感受器200可以与导管202的壁204,206,208中的一个或全部隔离。
在另一种形式中，柴油发动机排气***包括导管202，导管202适于承载位于柴油机排气***的催化剂***上游的排气流体流。至少一个加热元件210设置在限定导管202的至少一部分的外壁附近。在这种形式中，感受器200布置在导管202内并且适于吸收由导管202外壁吸收的辐射能量。
在如图2A和2B所示的一种形式中，导管202包括多个加热元件210，用于加热流体流动。此外，多个加热元件210可以设置在加热器的下游，并且适于在一个或多个时间段期间增加加热器下游的流动温度。在另一种形式中，感受器200适于从至少一个加热元件210吸收辐射能量并且抑制辐射能量，该能量是被由感受器200吸收辐射能量的加热元件210相邻的至少一个加热元件210吸收的。
在另一种形式中，支撑构件212设置在至少一个加热元件210和暴露于流体流动的另一结构构件之间。例如，感受器200可以用作加热元件210的支撑结构。另外，感受器200用于抑制或防止辐射能量被导管的壁吸收，该导管容纳控制和切换硬件或在没有感受器200的情况下将吸收辐射能量的其他部件。
这种感受器200的优点通常更快并因此更有效地加热流体和任何下游部件。在排气加热***的一个示例性应用中，可以期望将废气后处理催化剂加热到温度的时间。通常，在***冷启动时，目前的催化剂在达到阈值温度之前无效。在达到该温度之前，后处理***在处理废气方面不那么有效(例如，用SCR催化剂除去NOx)。通过提高催化剂的温升速率，可以减少没有最佳功能的废气后处理***的发动机运行时间，根据本发明的教导通过使用感受器同样可以减少发动机和后处理***排放的污染总量。
感受器的替代形式示于图3至图7具有同心百叶窗230，径向叶片240(类似于压缩机级)，周向翅片250，班轮260或螺旋构件270。应当理解，这些替代形式的感受器仅仅是示例性的并且是多种多样的根据本发明的教导，可以采用几何形状和材料来充当流体流加热应用中的感受器，以便提高加热速率。
作为示例，感受器的另外的变型可以包括通过使其侧面面向罐或管壁而不是反射材料或通过使面与导管的壁绝缘来提高感受器效率。这将有助于限制热量从感受器传递并通过罐壁进入环境空气，而是将热量传递回废气中。为了减少对周围组件/空气的热损失，感受器应适当地与罐壁和/或加热元件隔离。
另外，可以将感受器放置在罐壁和元件之间以允许更厚的金属板以获得更好的机械耐久性(如果热性能和结构稳健性之间的权衡是一个问题)。
此外，在其与罐壁之间具有绝缘材料的感受器可以减少对加热器外部的另一绝缘装置的需要。或者，感受器可以与绝缘涂层(未示出)配对以进行额外的隔热，特别是在非常寒冷的条件下。
因此，本文已经公开了各种不同形式的加热器，传感器，控制***以及相关的装置和方法，用于流体流动***。许多不同形式可以彼此组合，并且还可以包括本文所述的数据，等式和配置特有的附加特征。这些变化应被解释为落入本发明的范围内。
本发明的描述本质上仅是示例性的，因此，不脱离本公开的实质的变型旨在落入本发明的范围内。不应将这些变化视为脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (21)

1.一种用于承载流体流的导管，该导管包括：
至少一个壁限定导管的外边界并且构造成允许流体流过导管；
至少一个位于加热导管附近的加热元件可操作以加热流体流动；和
感受器布置在加热元件附近并且适于吸收来自至少一个加热元件的辐射能量并且抑制被导管的至少一个壁吸收的辐射能量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导管，还包括多个加热元件，所述加热元件适于加热所述流体流。
3.根据权利要求2所述的导管，其中所述感受器适于抑制被相邻的加热元件吸收的辐射能量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的导管，其中所述感受器为至少一个加热元件提供支撑结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的导管，其中所述感受器由支撑构件支撑并与所述导管的至少一个壁间隔开。
6.根据权利要求1所述的导管，其中所述感受器包括设置在所述导管的所述至少一个壁内的至少一个感受器壁，其中所述感受器壁比所述导管的所述至少一个壁的厚度薄。
7.根据权利要求1所述的导管，其中所述感受器包括反射材料，以减少远离所述感受器的辐射热传递。
8.根据权利要求1所述的导管，其中所述感受器与所述导管的所述至少一个壁隔离。
9.根据权利要求1所述的导管，其中所述感受器包括选自由同心百叶窗，径向叶片，周向翅片，班轮，螺旋构件及其组合组成的组的构造。
10.根据权利要求1所述的导管，还包括位于所述流体流和所述导管下游的第二加热元件。
11.根据权利要求10所述的导管，其中所述感受器布置在所述第二加热元件和所述至少一个加热元件之间。
12.一种柴油发动机排气***，具有权利要求1所述的导管，该***包括：导管适于承载排气流体流，导管位于柴油机排气***的催化剂***的上游；至少一个加热元件靠近外壁设置，限定导管的至少一部分；和
感受器布置在加热元件附近并且适于吸收来自至少一个加热元件的辐射能量并且抑制被导管的外壁吸收的辐射能量。
13.根据权利要求12所述的柴油发动机排气***，还包括多个加热元件，所述多个加热元件适于加热所述流体流。
14.根据权利要求12所述的柴油发动机排气***，其中所述感受器为所述至少一个加热元件提供支撑结构。
15.根据权利要求12所述的柴油发动机排气***，其中所述感受器包括选自由同心百叶窗，径向叶片，周向翅片，班轮，螺旋构件及其组合组成的组的构造。
16.根据权利要求12所述的柴油发动机排气***，其中所述感受器通过支撑构件与所述外壁间隔开。
17.根据权利要求12所述的柴油发动机排气***，其中，所述感受器包括反射材料，以减少远离所述感受器的辐射热传递。
18.根据权利要求12所述的柴油发动机排气***，其中所述感受器包括设置在所述导管的所述至少一个壁内的至少一个感受器壁，其中所述感受器壁比所述导管的所述至少一个壁的厚度薄。
19.根据权利要求12所述的柴油发动机排气***，其中所述感受器与所述导管的至少一个壁隔离。
20.根据权利要求12所述的柴油发动机排气***，还包括在所述感受器和所述导管的外壁之间的绝缘。
21.根据权利要求12所述的柴油发动机排气***，其中所述感受器与绝缘涂层配对。
CN201780017101.1A 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 用于流体流动***的感受器 Active CN108884739B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662302482P 2016-03-02 2016-03-02
US62/302,482 2016-03-02
PCT/US2017/020518 WO2017151970A1 (en) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 Susceptor for use in a fluid flow system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN108884739A true CN108884739A (zh) 2018-11-23
CN108884739B CN108884739B (zh) 2021-03-09

Family

ID=58347961

Family Applications (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201780017844.9A Active CN108884742B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 虚拟传感***
CN201780017115.3A Active CN108884734B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 用于加热功率轴向分区的***和方法
CN202210031673.8A Active CN114458431B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 虚拟传感***
CN201780018445.4A Active CN108886835B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 预测加热***中的电阻加热元件温度的方法及其控制***
CN201780022735.6A Active CN108884735B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 具有目标降低温度电阻特性的加热元件
CN201780017101.1A Active CN108884739B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 用于流体流动***的感受器
CN201780017087.5A Active CN108884738B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 双用途加热器和流体流动测量***
CN201780018449.2A Active CN108925139B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 加热器驱动的流体旁路

Family Applications Before (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201780017844.9A Active CN108884742B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 虚拟传感***
CN201780017115.3A Active CN108884734B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 用于加热功率轴向分区的***和方法
CN202210031673.8A Active CN114458431B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 虚拟传感***
CN201780018445.4A Active CN108886835B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 预测加热***中的电阻加热元件温度的方法及其控制***
CN201780022735.6A Active CN108884735B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 具有目标降低温度电阻特性的加热元件

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201780017087.5A Active CN108884738B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 双用途加热器和流体流动测量***
CN201780018449.2A Active CN108925139B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 加热器驱动的流体旁路

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (15) US10975750B2 (zh)
EP (10) EP3423688A1 (zh)
JP (9) JP6980676B2 (zh)
CN (8) CN108884742B (zh)
CA (7) CA3016558C (zh)
ES (3) ES2847204T3 (zh)
MX (8) MX2018010597A (zh)
WO (8) WO2017151970A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014008284A1 (de) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-03 Diehl Metering Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Volumenflusses eines strömenden Mediums durch eine Messstrecke und zugeordnete Messeinrichtung
US20170079089A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2017-03-16 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Electrostatic grip detection device
US11255244B2 (en) 2016-03-02 2022-02-22 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Virtual sensing system
CN108884742B (zh) * 2016-03-02 2022-02-01 沃特洛电气制造公司 虚拟传感***
CN109893941A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2019-06-18 南京苏曼等离子科技有限公司 一种低温等离子体尘雾毒废气处理***
US10557428B2 (en) * 2018-05-25 2020-02-11 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method and system for predictive contol of an electrially heated aftertreatment system
FR3081921B1 (fr) * 2018-05-29 2020-12-18 Psa Automobiles Sa Ligne d’echappement de moteur thermique comprenant un element de chauffage amont
JP7081392B2 (ja) * 2018-08-27 2022-06-07 オムロン株式会社 温度警報システム、温度警報方法、及びプログラム
JP7070246B2 (ja) * 2018-08-27 2022-05-18 オムロン株式会社 電熱体種判別装置、電熱体種判別方法、およびプログラム
DE102018217169B4 (de) * 2018-10-08 2021-12-23 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Energieoptimale erzwungene Regeneration eines Partikelfilters eines Hybridfahrzeugs
US10669908B1 (en) 2018-12-03 2020-06-02 Wellhead Power Solutions, Llc Power generating systems and methods for reducing startup NOx emissions in fossile fueled power generation system
WO2020159991A1 (en) * 2019-01-29 2020-08-06 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Virtual sensing system
DE112020000312T5 (de) * 2019-03-22 2021-09-30 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Wabenstruktur und abgasreinigungsvorrichtung
GB2619428B (en) * 2019-05-09 2024-04-03 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc Valve arrangement for split-flow close-coupled catalyst
WO2020226656A1 (en) 2019-05-09 2020-11-12 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Valve arrangement for split-flow close-coupled catalyst
ES2941940T3 (es) * 2019-10-15 2023-05-26 Vorwerk Co Interholding Procedimiento para el funcionamiento de un sistema de calentamiento y un robot de cocina
CN110793777B (zh) * 2019-10-23 2021-05-25 清华大学 一种模拟柴油机进气道环境进气预热效果的测试装置
EP3843501B1 (en) * 2019-12-23 2022-10-19 Kanthal GmbH Methods and systems for cooling a heating element
DE102020101194B4 (de) 2020-01-20 2022-07-28 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung eines Verbrennungsmotors sowie Verbrennungsmotor
CN112197826A (zh) * 2020-09-02 2021-01-08 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 一种航空发动机进气质量流量测量装置及测量方法
US11668488B2 (en) 2020-09-11 2023-06-06 Rheem Manufacturing Company System and method of controlling a heat transfer system
CN112414911B (zh) * 2020-09-27 2021-08-24 清华大学 一种燃气轮机进气过滤***运行状态实时监测方法
CN112747929B (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-11-23 南京航空航天大学 一种扩大叶栅攻角调节范围的叶栅试验台流道调节机构
EP4281740A1 (en) 2021-01-19 2023-11-29 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Method and system for detecting and diagnosing fluid line leakage for industrial systems
DE102021200701A1 (de) 2021-01-27 2022-07-28 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Diagnose eines Katalysators mit einem elektrischen Heizer
CN113056044B (zh) * 2021-03-10 2022-11-25 刘忠海 一种石墨烯金属网及其制备方法以及电加热带及其应用
CN112963225B (zh) * 2021-03-25 2023-02-17 一汽解放汽车有限公司 尾气加热装置及尾气处理***
EP4063627A1 (en) * 2021-03-25 2022-09-28 Volvo Truck Corporation An exhaust aftertreatment arrangement for converting nox emissions
CN113513652A (zh) * 2021-04-14 2021-10-19 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种工业篮式管道加热装置及其加热方法
DE102021109567A1 (de) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-20 Purem GmbH Heizleiter für eine Abgasheizanordnung
EP4341536A1 (en) * 2021-05-16 2024-03-27 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Aftertreatment heater power electronics
DE102021113989A1 (de) 2021-05-31 2022-12-01 Purem GmbH Abgasheizer
EP4098853A1 (en) * 2021-06-01 2022-12-07 Volvo Truck Corporation An exhaust aftertreatment system
US20220388514A1 (en) * 2021-06-02 2022-12-08 Cummins Inc. Systems and methods for reducing emissions with smart alternator
DE102022206430A1 (de) 2021-06-29 2022-12-29 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Systeme und Verfahren zur Reduzierung der NOx-Emissionen von Nachbehandlungssystemen
DE102021122083A1 (de) * 2021-08-26 2023-03-02 Purem GmbH Abgasheizer
DE102021210761A1 (de) 2021-09-27 2023-03-30 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Heizleiter zur Aufheizung eines Abgasstroms einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine
US20230161935A1 (en) 2021-11-22 2023-05-25 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Method of generating a digital twin of the environment of industrial processes
DE102022100696A1 (de) * 2022-01-13 2023-07-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Steuergerät zum Betreiben eines Dieselkraftfahrzeugs zur Emissionsreduzierung und Kraftfahrzeug
CN114486622B (zh) * 2022-01-19 2023-10-20 山东交通学院 一种实时测量液体在不同温度下密度的实验装置及方法
CN114323568B (zh) * 2022-03-14 2022-07-08 武汉普赛斯电子技术有限公司 光器件的三温测试***
KR20230144270A (ko) * 2022-04-07 2023-10-16 한온시스템 주식회사 유체가열 히터 및 유체가열 히터의 구동제어방법
CN114856843B (zh) * 2022-05-18 2023-05-23 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种排气量计算方法、egr气量控制方法及egr***
US11828796B1 (en) 2023-05-02 2023-11-28 AEM Holdings Ltd. Integrated heater and temperature measurement
US12013432B1 (en) 2023-08-23 2024-06-18 Aem Singapore Pte. Ltd. Thermal control wafer with integrated heating-sensing elements
US12000885B1 (en) 2023-12-20 2024-06-04 Aem Singapore Pte. Ltd. Multiplexed thermal control wafer and coldplate

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050115224A1 (en) * 2000-08-24 2005-06-02 Ibiden Co. Ltd Exhaust emission control device and casing structure of the control device
US20100319331A1 (en) * 2009-01-16 2010-12-23 Wagner Wayne M Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration System Including Shore Station
US20110214569A1 (en) * 2007-09-13 2011-09-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Radiant Zone Heated Particulate Filter
DE102012111335A1 (de) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-29 Avl List Gmbh Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Abgassystem
US20140190151A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-07-10 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Exhuast gas heating apparatus
US20150152766A1 (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-06-04 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement Injection device for a reducing agent and corresponding exhaust line

Family Cites Families (240)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1366519A (en) * 1920-03-13 1921-01-25 Samuel M Carmean Electric heater
US1467810A (en) 1921-10-25 1923-09-11 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co High-temperature resistor material
US1791561A (en) 1929-05-03 1931-02-10 Surface Combustion Corp Apparatus for heating air
US2091905A (en) * 1935-09-09 1937-08-31 Bensel Arlington Electric resistance heating element
US2900483A (en) * 1958-09-29 1959-08-18 Gen Electric Electric catalytic contact device
US3037942A (en) 1959-11-02 1962-06-05 Gen Electric Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity resistor
US3176117A (en) * 1961-03-09 1965-03-30 Berko Electric Mfg Corp Electric space heater unit
US3231522A (en) 1963-09-26 1966-01-25 American Radiator & Standard Thermistor
US3694626A (en) * 1971-09-30 1972-09-26 Gen Electric Electrical resistance heater
US4211075A (en) * 1978-10-19 1980-07-08 General Motors Corporation Diesel engine exhaust particulate filter with intake throttling incineration control
JPS6032334Y2 (ja) * 1979-12-21 1985-09-27 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気ガス中の微粒子捕集装置
FR2481507A1 (fr) 1980-04-29 1981-10-30 Stein Industrie Dispositif de reduction des contraintes thermiques dans le fond d'un echangeur de chaleur vertical
JPS5728214A (en) * 1980-07-28 1982-02-15 Nippon Soken Inc Gas flow rate measuring device
JPS5823187A (ja) * 1981-08-03 1983-02-10 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 セラミツク構造体およびその製造方法
US4449362A (en) * 1981-12-02 1984-05-22 Robertshaw Controls Company Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, burn-off unit and methods therefor
JPS59192928A (ja) * 1983-04-15 1984-11-01 Hitachi Ltd 薄膜最高温度計
JPS6184563A (ja) 1984-10-02 1986-04-30 Honda Kogyo Kk 流体速度測定方法及びその装置
EP0186095B1 (en) * 1984-12-26 1990-08-29 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Anti-reducing semiconducting porcelain having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance
DE3538155A1 (de) * 1985-10-26 1987-04-30 Fev Forsch Energietech Verbr Verfahren zur oxidation von in russfiltersystemen abgelagerten partikeln
US4808009A (en) * 1986-06-05 1989-02-28 Rosemount, Inc. Integrated semiconductor resistance temperature sensor and resistive heater
US4814587A (en) * 1986-06-10 1989-03-21 Metcal, Inc. High power self-regulating heater
US4744216A (en) * 1986-10-20 1988-05-17 Ford Motor Company Electrical ignition device for regeneration of a particulate trap
JPH0816030B2 (ja) * 1986-12-08 1996-02-21 日本電装株式会社 窒化珪素−窒化チタン系複合導電材料
JPH01143202A (ja) 1987-11-28 1989-06-05 Central Glass Co Ltd 中高温用ｐｔｃサーミスタ
US5319929A (en) 1988-05-20 1994-06-14 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Catalytic converter system
US4878928A (en) * 1988-07-28 1989-11-07 Donaldson Company, Inc. Apparatus for increasing regenerative filter heating element temperature
DE8810816U1 (de) 1988-08-26 1989-12-21 Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH, 53797 Lohmar Katalysator-Gehäuse, insbesondere für Startkatalysatoren, und zugehöriger Katalysator-Trägerkörper
JPH07118369B2 (ja) * 1988-11-09 1995-12-18 憲親 武部 自己温度制御性ヒータ
GB2228396A (en) 1989-02-20 1990-08-22 Emaco Electric hotplate
JPH04219413A (ja) 1990-02-20 1992-08-10 W R Grace & Co 内燃機関の排気系
EP0456919A3 (en) 1990-04-16 1992-01-22 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Catalytic converter system
US5373033A (en) 1990-04-20 1994-12-13 Sola International Holdings Limited Casting composition
JPH086268Y2 (ja) * 1990-06-15 1996-02-21 オーバル機器工業株式会社 熱式流量計
US5280422A (en) 1990-11-05 1994-01-18 Watlow/Winona, Inc. Method and apparatus for calibrating and controlling multiple heaters
GB2255988B (en) 1991-05-23 1994-12-07 Feng Ping Jan Furniture for use as a safe haven during earthquakes
DE4122141C2 (de) 1991-07-04 1999-05-27 Porsche Ag Abgasleitung einer Brennkraftmaschine
US5259190A (en) * 1991-08-01 1993-11-09 Corning Incorporated Heated cellular structures
US5393499A (en) * 1992-06-03 1995-02-28 Corning Incorporated Heated cellular substrates
US5233970A (en) 1992-07-02 1993-08-10 Harmony Thermal Company, Inc. Semi-instantaneous water heater with helical heat exchanger
JP3058991B2 (ja) * 1992-07-29 2000-07-04 日本碍子株式会社 多段ハニカムヒーターおよびその運転方法
US5465573A (en) * 1992-07-29 1995-11-14 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Multi-stage honeycomb heater
US5297518A (en) * 1992-08-10 1994-03-29 Cherry Mark A Mass controlled compression timed ignition method and igniter
DE4328125B4 (de) * 1992-08-21 2004-03-18 Denso Corp., Kariya Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung für einen Verbrennungsmotor oder dergleichen
US5582805A (en) * 1992-12-21 1996-12-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Electrically heated catalytic apparatus
US5444217A (en) 1993-01-21 1995-08-22 Moore Epitaxial Inc. Rapid thermal processing apparatus for processing semiconductor wafers
JP3396247B2 (ja) * 1993-02-15 2003-04-14 三菱重工業株式会社 排気ガス浄化装置
US5738832A (en) * 1993-02-15 1998-04-14 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purifying apparatus
US5471034A (en) * 1993-03-17 1995-11-28 Texas Instruments Incorporated Heater apparatus and process for heating a fluid stream with PTC heating elements electrically connected in series
US5310327A (en) 1993-03-29 1994-05-10 Reginald Phillips Workpiece deflector shield for an injection molding apparatus
JPH06336915A (ja) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-06 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
US5716586A (en) * 1993-06-03 1998-02-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Exhaust gas purifier
JPH0711946A (ja) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-13 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JPH0754640A (ja) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-28 Mitsubishi Motors Corp 排気浄化装置
DE4339290C2 (de) * 1993-11-18 1995-11-02 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen von Rohr-T-Stücken aus einem unverzweigt durchgehenden Ausgangsrohrstück durch Innenhochdruck-Umformung sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JP2732031B2 (ja) * 1994-04-28 1998-03-25 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 デイーゼル機関の排気微粒子フイルタ
US5582003A (en) * 1994-04-28 1996-12-10 Corning Incorporated Temperature actuated zeolite in-line adsorber system
US5655366A (en) * 1994-05-17 1997-08-12 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co. Ltd. Diesel particulate filter
JP3524956B2 (ja) 1994-05-30 2004-05-10 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電気加熱式触媒装置
US5444976A (en) 1994-06-27 1995-08-29 General Motors Corporation Catalytic converter heating
US5603216A (en) * 1994-08-02 1997-02-18 Corning Incorporated By-pass adsorber system
JP3553146B2 (ja) * 1994-08-22 2004-08-11 本田技研工業株式会社 電気加熱式触媒制御装置
US5651248A (en) * 1994-08-29 1997-07-29 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd. Diesel particulate filter apparatus
JPH0868311A (ja) * 1994-08-29 1996-03-12 Isuzu Ceramics Kenkyusho:Kk ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタの構造
JPH0868310A (ja) * 1994-08-29 1996-03-12 Isuzu Ceramics Kenkyusho:Kk ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ装置
US5620490A (en) 1994-08-29 1997-04-15 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd. Diesel particulate filter apparatus
JPH08122118A (ja) 1994-10-20 1996-05-17 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 熱式マイクロフローセンサ
US5611831A (en) * 1994-11-16 1997-03-18 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd. Diesel particulate filter apparatus
JPH08193513A (ja) * 1995-01-13 1996-07-30 Calsonic Corp 電気加熱触媒コンバータおよびその制御方法
US5716133A (en) 1995-01-17 1998-02-10 Applied Komatsu Technology, Inc. Shielded heat sensor for measuring temperature
JPH08284652A (ja) * 1995-04-18 1996-10-29 Toyota Motor Corp 電気加熱式触媒の構造
US5597503A (en) * 1995-06-02 1997-01-28 Corning Incorporated Axially assembled enclosure for electrical fluid heater having a peripheral compression ring producing a diametrically balanced force
US5600947A (en) 1995-07-05 1997-02-11 Ford Motor Company Method and system for estimating and controlling electrically heated catalyst temperature
US6704497B2 (en) 1995-09-07 2004-03-09 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Electric heating devices and elements
IL118739A0 (en) 1995-09-07 1996-10-16 Bar Keser Project Management I Electric heating devices and heating elements for use therewith
JPH09180907A (ja) * 1995-10-27 1997-07-11 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 積層複合セラミックとそれを用いた積層複合セラミック素子
JPH09158717A (ja) 1995-12-08 1997-06-17 Toyota Motor Corp 電気加熱式触媒の電力供給制御装置
DE69728256T2 (de) 1996-01-31 2005-03-03 Asm America Inc., Phoenix Modellgestützte prädiktive regelung für thermische behandlungen
FR2755623B1 (fr) * 1996-11-12 1998-12-04 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede et unite de filtration de gaz d'echappement, ayant un chauffage modulable
US5719378A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-02-17 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Self-calibrating temperature controller
JPH10184346A (ja) 1996-12-27 1998-07-14 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
CN1047457C (zh) * 1997-02-26 1999-12-15 清华大学 中低温烧结复合特性热敏电阻材料及其制备方法
JP3365244B2 (ja) * 1997-03-06 2003-01-08 松下電器産業株式会社 排ガス浄化装置
JPH10259709A (ja) * 1997-03-19 1998-09-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 排ガス浄化方法及び排ガス浄化装置
DE19720205B4 (de) 1997-05-14 2006-05-18 Johannes Schedler Anlage zur Reinigung von mit Stickoxiden beladenen Abgasen
JP3269012B2 (ja) 1997-08-19 2002-03-25 株式会社椿本チエイン モータ付減速機の減速主軸の軸方向取付け調整装置
JP3331919B2 (ja) * 1997-08-29 2002-10-07 三菱自動車工業株式会社 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化装置
CN1474165A (zh) * 1997-11-21 2004-02-11 ͬ�Ϳ�ҵ��ʽ���� 流量传感器、温度传感器及流量检测装置
JPH11184346A (ja) 1997-12-25 1999-07-09 Copyer Co Ltd 画像形成装置及び紙綴じ装置
JP3658170B2 (ja) 1998-01-19 2005-06-08 三菱電機株式会社 流量センサ
JP2957163B1 (ja) * 1998-05-28 1999-10-04 株式会社三五 排気系部品とその製造方法
JP2000007301A (ja) * 1998-06-29 2000-01-11 Ngk Insulators Ltd 改質反応装置
US6330910B1 (en) 1999-03-03 2001-12-18 Easton Bennett Heat exchanger for a motor vehicle exhaust
US6474155B1 (en) 1999-07-08 2002-11-05 Lockheed Martin Corporation Constant-temperature-difference flow sensor
US7624632B1 (en) * 1999-08-17 2009-12-01 Lockheed Martin Corporation Constant-temperature-difference flow sensor, and integrated flow, temperature, and pressure sensor
US6470741B1 (en) * 2000-06-23 2002-10-29 Instrumentarium, Inc. Hot wire anemometer gas flow sensor having improved operation and compensation
JP4239417B2 (ja) 2000-07-10 2009-03-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 蓄熱装置付き内燃機関
GB2374783A (en) * 2000-12-15 2002-10-23 Jeffery Boardman Self regulating heating element
US6622558B2 (en) 2000-11-30 2003-09-23 Orbital Research Inc. Method and sensor for detecting strain using shape memory alloys
JP2002227640A (ja) * 2001-02-02 2002-08-14 Sankei Kogyo Kk 排気ガス浄化装置
US6396028B1 (en) 2001-03-08 2002-05-28 Stephen J. Radmacher Multi-layer ceramic heater
US6951099B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2005-10-04 John Dickau Heated insulated catalytic converter with air cooling
JP3941427B2 (ja) * 2001-07-16 2007-07-04 株式会社Ｓｕｍｃｏ 加熱装置及び加熱方法
AU2002349904A1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-05-19 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation
JP3748063B2 (ja) * 2001-10-29 2006-02-22 三菱自動車工業株式会社 排圧上昇装置
JP3824959B2 (ja) * 2002-03-29 2006-09-20 本田技研工業株式会社 排ガスセンサの温度制御装置
JP3538188B2 (ja) * 2002-04-02 2004-06-14 三菱電機株式会社 感熱式流量検出素子およびその製造方法
US6882929B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2005-04-19 Caterpillar Inc NOx emission-control system using a virtual sensor
DE10225337A1 (de) * 2002-06-06 2003-12-24 Schott Glas Kochsystem mit direkt geheizter Glaskeramikplatte
US7106167B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2006-09-12 Heetronix Stable high temperature sensor system with tungsten on AlN
JP4503222B2 (ja) * 2002-08-08 2010-07-14 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関の空燃比制御装置
CN1323725C (zh) * 2002-08-30 2007-07-04 日晷公司 用于构成对加热元件电路非线性补偿的可变电阻器的方法和装置
EP1416143A1 (en) 2002-10-29 2004-05-06 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. Virtual sensor for the exhaust emissions of an endothermic motor and corresponding injection control system
DE10300298A1 (de) * 2003-01-02 2004-07-15 Daimlerchrysler Ag Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung und -verfahren
US7049558B2 (en) 2003-01-27 2006-05-23 Arcturas Bioscience, Inc. Apparatus and method for heating microfluidic volumes and moving fluids
FR2851404A1 (fr) * 2003-02-18 2004-08-20 Acome Soc Coop Travailleurs Dispositif a cable chauffant ctp comprenant un dispositif de limitation de courant
JP2005001449A (ja) 2003-06-10 2005-01-06 Denso Corp 車両用冷凍サイクル装置
US7196295B2 (en) 2003-11-21 2007-03-27 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Two-wire layered heater system
US7101816B2 (en) 2003-12-29 2006-09-05 Tokyo Electron Limited Methods for adaptive real time control of a thermal processing system
CA2563589C (en) 2004-04-23 2012-06-26 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Inhibiting reflux in a heated well of an in situ conversion system
US7403704B2 (en) 2004-08-06 2008-07-22 Terumo Cardiovascular Systems Corporation Dual heating device and method
JP4186899B2 (ja) * 2004-09-30 2008-11-26 株式会社日立製作所 排気還流制御装置
US7143580B2 (en) 2004-10-22 2006-12-05 Detroit Diesel Corporation Virtual compressor outlet temperature sensing for charge air cooler overheating protection
DE102004052107B4 (de) 2004-10-26 2007-03-15 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Abgasanlage und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
KR100611606B1 (ko) * 2004-11-15 2006-08-10 한국전기연구원 마이크로파 반사기를 이용한 디젤 매연 필터 시스템
US20060177358A1 (en) * 2005-02-07 2006-08-10 Tzong-Yih Lee Active catalytic converter
US20090107116A1 (en) 2005-02-16 2009-04-30 Imi Vision Limited Exhaust gas treatment
US7251929B2 (en) 2005-07-07 2007-08-07 Eaton Corporation Thermal management of hybrid LNT/SCR aftertreatment during desulfation
US7495467B2 (en) 2005-12-15 2009-02-24 Lattice Semiconductor Corporation Temperature-independent, linear on-chip termination resistance
US7243538B1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-07-17 Honeywell International Inc. Gas flow sensor system and method of self-calibration
EP2002093B1 (en) * 2006-03-16 2011-09-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas heat recovery device
KR101172020B1 (ko) 2006-03-30 2012-08-07 인터내쇼날 카탈리스트 테크놀로지, 인코포레이티드 내연기관 배기가스의 정화 방법
US8117832B2 (en) * 2006-06-19 2012-02-21 Donaldson Company, Inc. Exhaust treatment device with electric regeneration system
JP4535036B2 (ja) 2006-07-12 2010-09-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の電源システム
DE102006032698A1 (de) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-24 Bleckmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung und Absicherung eines Heizelements
US8209960B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2012-07-03 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc System and method for coupled DPF regeneration and LNT DeNOx
US7434387B2 (en) 2006-07-26 2008-10-14 Eaton Corporation Integrated DPF-reformer
JP4341651B2 (ja) * 2006-07-28 2009-10-07 株式会社日立製作所 熱式ガス流量計
US8762097B2 (en) 2006-08-04 2014-06-24 Apple Inc. Method and apparatus for a thermal control system based on virtual temperature sensor
JP2008038827A (ja) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-21 Calsonic Kansei Corp エンジン即暖システムの制御方法
US7554063B2 (en) * 2006-08-22 2009-06-30 Dimplex North America Limited Heating apparatus
US7631491B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2009-12-15 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for passive regeneration of compression ignition engine exhaust filters
GB0700079D0 (en) * 2007-01-04 2007-02-07 Boardman Jeffrey A method of producing electrical resistance elements whihc have self-regulating power output characteristics by virtue of their configuration and the material
JP2008180185A (ja) * 2007-01-26 2008-08-07 Hitachi Ltd エンジンの排気還流制御装置
US7757482B2 (en) * 2007-02-21 2010-07-20 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Variable geometry exhaust cooler
CN101636555A (zh) 2007-03-22 2010-01-27 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 用于原位地层加热的电阻加热器
DE102007025419A1 (de) 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit einer Abgas-Heizvorrichtung
US8037673B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2011-10-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Selective catalyst reduction light-off strategy
JP2009058501A (ja) * 2007-08-08 2009-03-19 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd ガスセンサ、空燃比制御装置および輸送機器
US8057581B2 (en) * 2007-08-31 2011-11-15 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Zoned electrical heater arranged in spaced relationship from particulate filter
US8112990B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2012-02-14 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Low exhaust temperature electrically heated particulate matter filter system
US8252077B2 (en) * 2007-09-17 2012-08-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrically heated particulate filter heater insulation
US8292987B2 (en) * 2007-09-18 2012-10-23 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Inductively heated particulate matter filter regeneration control system
JP5210588B2 (ja) * 2007-10-03 2013-06-12 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 熱式流量計、熱式流量計の制御方法、及び熱式流量計のセンサ素子
US8146350B2 (en) 2007-10-04 2012-04-03 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Variable power distribution for zoned regeneration of an electrically heated particulate filter
US8061123B2 (en) * 2007-10-30 2011-11-22 Caterpillar Inc. Method and system of thermal management in an exhaust system
US20090205588A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-20 Bilezikjian John P Internal combustion engine with variable speed coolant pump
JP5004842B2 (ja) * 2008-03-25 2012-08-22 三井造船株式会社 誘導加熱装置
JP2009236792A (ja) 2008-03-28 2009-10-15 Hitachi Ltd 熱式ガス流量計
PL2106195T3 (pl) * 2008-03-28 2010-09-30 Braun Gmbh Element grzewczy z czujnikiem temperatury
GB2460833B (en) * 2008-06-09 2011-05-18 2D Heat Ltd A self-regulating electrical resistance heating element
US8121744B2 (en) * 2008-06-20 2012-02-21 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Control system and method for oxygen sensor heater control
JP2010025104A (ja) * 2008-07-16 2010-02-04 Borgwarner Inc 後処理装置の受動的暖機制御用熱操作バイパス弁
US8112989B1 (en) * 2008-07-23 2012-02-14 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Electrically resistive coating for remediation (regeneration) of a diesel particulate filter and method
DE102008035562A1 (de) 2008-07-30 2010-02-04 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Abgasreinigungssystem für Dieselmotoren von Nutzkraftfahrzeugen
US8646257B2 (en) * 2008-09-10 2014-02-11 Mack Trucks, Inc. Method for estimating soot loading in a diesel particulate filter, and engine and aftertreatment system
GB0817082D0 (en) 2008-09-18 2008-10-29 Heat Trace Ltd Heating cable
US8652259B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2014-02-18 Silevo, Inc. Scalable, high-throughput, multi-chamber epitaxial reactor for silicon deposition
US9345067B2 (en) 2008-10-13 2016-05-17 ECG Operating Company LLC Temperature monitoring and control system for negative temperature coefficient heaters
US8247747B2 (en) * 2008-10-30 2012-08-21 Xaloy, Inc. Plasticating barrel with integrated exterior heater layer
US8166752B2 (en) * 2008-11-26 2012-05-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Apparatus and method for cooling an exhaust gas
US8097066B2 (en) * 2009-05-13 2012-01-17 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Predicting ash loading using an electrically heated particulate filter
DE102009003091A1 (de) * 2009-05-14 2010-11-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines in einem Abgasbereich einer Brennkraftmaschine angeordneten Bauteils
US8141350B2 (en) * 2009-06-02 2012-03-27 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrically heated particulate filter incomplete regeneration identification system and method
GB2470941A (en) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-15 Univ Glasgow Measurement of mass flow
WO2010149178A1 (de) 2009-06-22 2010-12-29 Telair International Gmbh Funktionselement, verfahren zur herstellung eines funktionselements
JP2011011933A (ja) 2009-06-30 2011-01-20 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd 耐熱性及び耐食性を有するガラス
US8359844B2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2013-01-29 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Radiant heating systems and methods for catalysts of exhaust treatment systems
US7829048B1 (en) 2009-08-07 2010-11-09 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Electrically heated catalyst control system and method
US9410458B2 (en) 2009-10-01 2016-08-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC State of charge catalyst heating strategy
CN201555357U (zh) 2009-11-06 2010-08-18 福州闽海药业有限公司 一种管道加热装置
JP2011149314A (ja) * 2010-01-20 2011-08-04 Toyota Motor Corp ハイブリッドシステムの制御装置
US8453431B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2013-06-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Engine-out NOx virtual sensor for an internal combustion engine
US8863505B2 (en) * 2010-04-26 2014-10-21 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Start-stop hybrid exothermic catalyst heating system
US8188832B2 (en) * 2010-05-05 2012-05-29 State Of The Art, Inc. Near zero TCR resistor configurations
US8146352B2 (en) 2010-05-12 2012-04-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Diesel particulate filter control
US8756924B2 (en) 2010-05-19 2014-06-24 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Hybrid catalyst convective preheating system
US10143819B2 (en) 2010-06-03 2018-12-04 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Passively heated patient circuit
CN101962294A (zh) * 2010-07-15 2011-02-02 上海大学 一种w型中低温ntc-ptc双重复合热敏电阻材料及其制备方法
EP2596342B1 (en) * 2010-07-22 2017-11-01 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Combination fluid sensor system
DE102010038361A1 (de) 2010-07-23 2012-01-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Messung der Temperatur eines Mediums und Temperatursensor
WO2012024211A1 (en) 2010-08-19 2012-02-23 Dow Global Technologies Llc. Method and devices for heating urea-containing materials in vehicle emission control system
JP5765609B2 (ja) * 2010-10-04 2015-08-19 株式会社リコー 電気素子、集積素子、電子回路及び温度較正装置
KR101251518B1 (ko) 2010-12-09 2013-04-05 기아자동차주식회사 차량의 배기가스 후처리 시스템용 도징 모듈
US9605906B2 (en) 2010-12-16 2017-03-28 Denso International America Inc. Automotive heat recovery system
DE102010056281A1 (de) * 2010-12-24 2012-06-28 Volkswagen Ag Abgasanlage mit HC-Adsorber und parallelem Abgaskatalysator sowie Fahrzeug mit einer solchen Abgasanlage
US9062584B2 (en) 2010-12-31 2015-06-23 Cummins, Inc. Hybrid engine aftertreatment thermal management strategy
DE102011009619A1 (de) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Abgasanlage
EP2674209B1 (en) * 2011-02-08 2015-10-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Electric heating catalyst
WO2012109126A1 (en) 2011-02-08 2012-08-16 Dow Global Technologies Llc System and method for reducing emissions from a combustion process
US20120204540A1 (en) * 2011-02-14 2012-08-16 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Power system and method for energizing an electrically heated catalyst
JP2012225163A (ja) * 2011-04-15 2012-11-15 Toyota Motor Corp Ｅｈｃ制御方法及び同方法を使用する排気ガス浄化システム
GB2491411B (en) 2011-06-03 2015-05-27 Perkins Engines Co Ltd Exhaust after treatment device mode regulation
US8793004B2 (en) 2011-06-15 2014-07-29 Caterpillar Inc. Virtual sensor system and method for generating output parameters
US8627654B2 (en) * 2011-08-02 2014-01-14 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method of treating emissions of a hybrid vehicle with a hydrocarbon absorber and a catalyst bypass system
CA2991157C (en) 2011-08-30 2019-12-24 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company High definition heater system having a fluid medium
US9212422B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2015-12-15 Alta Devices, Inc. CVD reactor with gas flow virtual walls
US9400197B2 (en) * 2011-09-19 2016-07-26 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Fluid flow sensor
US9140255B2 (en) * 2011-10-25 2015-09-22 Hydrotech, Inc. Pump monitoring device
EP2623738B1 (en) 2011-11-30 2019-08-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha NOx purification method of an exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
US9028763B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2015-05-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
DE102011120899B4 (de) * 2011-12-12 2015-08-20 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Massenstroms eines Fluids
US20130199751A1 (en) 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Heat storage device for an engine
WO2013126575A1 (en) 2012-02-22 2013-08-29 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Electric heating assisted passive and active regeneration for efficient emission controls of diesel engines
GB201204170D0 (en) * 2012-03-09 2012-04-25 Bio Nano Consulting Cross-linked graphene networks
US20130239554A1 (en) 2012-03-19 2013-09-19 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Exhaust gas treatment system having a solid ammonia gas producing material
US8661800B2 (en) * 2012-04-09 2014-03-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method of collection and reuse of exhaust heat in a diesel-powered vehicle
US9178129B2 (en) * 2012-10-15 2015-11-03 The Trustees Of The Stevens Institute Of Technology Graphene-based films in sensor applications
JP5775503B2 (ja) * 2012-10-26 2015-09-09 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄熱装置
DE102013105992A1 (de) * 2012-12-14 2014-07-03 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Thermische Durchflussmessvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung eines Durchflusses eines Mediums
JP5660115B2 (ja) 2012-12-18 2015-01-28 株式会社村田製作所 ヘテロ接合バイポーラトランジスタ、これを用いた電力増幅器、及びヘテロ接合バイポーラトランジスタの製造方法
CA2908699C (en) 2013-04-26 2018-11-13 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Smart heating system
JP2015068266A (ja) 2013-09-30 2015-04-13 いすゞ自動車株式会社 排気ガス浄化システム及び排気ガス浄化方法
US9587546B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and systems for hybrid vehicle waste heat recovery
US9169751B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2015-10-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and systems for utilizing waste heat for a hybrid vehicle
JP6131821B2 (ja) 2013-10-22 2017-05-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP6321946B2 (ja) * 2013-11-18 2018-05-09 日本精線株式会社 触媒反応システム及び触媒反応装置
US9670843B2 (en) 2013-11-25 2017-06-06 General Electric Company System and method for heating a catalyst in an exhaust treatment system of a turbine engine
JP5680178B1 (ja) 2013-12-26 2015-03-04 三菱電機株式会社 流量センサおよび内燃機関の制御システム
JP6142852B2 (ja) 2014-07-18 2017-06-07 トヨタ自動車株式会社 流体温度制御装置
JP6390560B2 (ja) * 2014-10-01 2018-09-19 株式会社デンソー ガス濃度検出装置
JP6485364B2 (ja) * 2015-02-12 2019-03-20 株式会社デンソー ガスセンサ
DE102016101249A1 (de) * 2015-11-02 2017-05-04 Epcos Ag Sensorelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sensorelements
EP3795920A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2021-03-24 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Heating element
CN108884742B (zh) * 2016-03-02 2022-02-01 沃特洛电气制造公司 虚拟传感***
US20210190380A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2021-06-24 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Heater bundles having virtual sensing for thermal gradient compensation
FR3057020B1 (fr) 2016-10-03 2020-09-11 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif de post-traitement des gaz d’echappement d’un moteur thermique
JP6614187B2 (ja) 2017-03-22 2019-12-04 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP2019086396A (ja) * 2017-11-07 2019-06-06 株式会社デンソー 制御装置
GB202015521D0 (en) * 2020-09-30 2020-11-11 Circletech Ltd Gas flow sensor assembly, method of forming a semiconductor gas flow sensor, a semiconductor gas flow sensor
US11946400B2 (en) * 2021-10-19 2024-04-02 Paccar Inc System and method for monitoring an oxidation catalyst

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050115224A1 (en) * 2000-08-24 2005-06-02 Ibiden Co. Ltd Exhaust emission control device and casing structure of the control device
US20110214569A1 (en) * 2007-09-13 2011-09-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Radiant Zone Heated Particulate Filter
US20100319331A1 (en) * 2009-01-16 2010-12-23 Wagner Wayne M Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration System Including Shore Station
DE102012111335A1 (de) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-29 Avl List Gmbh Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Abgassystem
US20140190151A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-07-10 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Exhuast gas heating apparatus
US20150152766A1 (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-06-04 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement Injection device for a reducing agent and corresponding exhaust line

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3423684B1 (en) 2020-05-06
US20170254248A1 (en) 2017-09-07
EP3423687B1 (en) 2021-01-06
JP2019510917A (ja) 2019-04-18
MX2018010596A (es) 2019-05-16
WO2017151960A1 (en) 2017-09-08
MX2020001915A (es) 2020-07-13
US20200370461A1 (en) 2020-11-26
CN108884742B (zh) 2022-02-01
EP4012164A1 (en) 2022-06-15
US20200271037A1 (en) 2020-08-27
JP2019516207A (ja) 2019-06-13
US10724417B2 (en) 2020-07-28
CN108884735B (zh) 2021-08-31
JP2019512633A (ja) 2019-05-16
US20200284180A1 (en) 2020-09-10
US20170257909A1 (en) 2017-09-07
US10648390B2 (en) 2020-05-12
WO2017151968A2 (en) 2017-09-08
CA3016558C (en) 2022-06-28
JP2019512634A (ja) 2019-05-16
MX2018010594A (es) 2019-05-16
US10544722B2 (en) 2020-01-28
WO2017151967A1 (en) 2017-09-08
US20190053330A1 (en) 2019-02-14
CA3016558A1 (en) 2017-09-08
US10934921B2 (en) 2021-03-02
CA3016540A1 (en) 2017-09-08
JP6980676B2 (ja) 2021-12-15
CN108884738B (zh) 2021-04-16
CN114458431B (zh) 2024-01-12
ES2847204T3 (es) 2021-08-02
US11970964B2 (en) 2024-04-30
EP3424265A1 (en) 2019-01-09
US20200284179A1 (en) 2020-09-10
JP2019512635A (ja) 2019-05-16
US20170359857A1 (en) 2017-12-14
US20170254242A1 (en) 2017-09-07
ES2805046T3 (es) 2021-02-10
CA3016319C (en) 2023-01-03
JP7238176B2 (ja) 2023-03-13
CA3016328A1 (en) 2017-09-08
CN108884734A (zh) 2018-11-23
CA3016553A1 (en) 2017-09-08
CN114458431A (zh) 2022-05-10
CN108884734B (zh) 2021-12-21
EP3423684A1 (en) 2019-01-09
US20230003161A1 (en) 2023-01-05
US10975750B2 (en) 2021-04-13
CN108884735A (zh) 2018-11-23
EP3423686A1 (en) 2019-01-09
EP4047193A1 (en) 2022-08-24
WO2017151965A8 (en) 2018-09-27
WO2017151970A1 (en) 2017-09-08
US11795857B2 (en) 2023-10-24
US20170256104A1 (en) 2017-09-07
JP2022043087A (ja) 2022-03-15
US20170254241A1 (en) 2017-09-07
US20170254250A1 (en) 2017-09-07
EP3423685B1 (en) 2020-11-18
WO2017151966A1 (en) 2017-09-08
US10470247B2 (en) 2019-11-05
CN108886835A (zh) 2018-11-23
MX2018010592A (es) 2019-05-16
US20170254249A1 (en) 2017-09-07
EP3423687B8 (en) 2021-03-17
JP6853264B2 (ja) 2021-03-31
JP6921840B2 (ja) 2021-08-18
US11486291B2 (en) 2022-11-01
US10760465B2 (en) 2020-09-01
MX2018010595A (es) 2019-09-02
CN108884738A (zh) 2018-11-23
CN108884739B (zh) 2021-03-09
CN108884742A (zh) 2018-11-23
JP2019512632A (ja) 2019-05-16
JP7051696B2 (ja) 2022-04-11
CN108925139A (zh) 2018-11-30
CN108886835B (zh) 2021-12-31
CA3016328C (en) 2022-09-13
US11340121B2 (en) 2022-05-24
US11028759B2 (en) 2021-06-08
US10815858B2 (en) 2020-10-27
MX2018010597A (es) 2019-05-16
CA3016319A1 (en) 2017-09-08
EP3423685A1 (en) 2019-01-09
EP3423687A2 (en) 2019-01-09
MX2018010599A (es) 2018-11-09
CA3016541A1 (en) 2017-09-08
JP2022088354A (ja) 2022-06-14
US12037933B2 (en) 2024-07-16
CN108886835A9 (zh) 2019-04-23
EP3423683A1 (en) 2019-01-09
ES2801394T3 (es) 2021-01-11
US20200109654A1 (en) 2020-04-09
WO2017151972A1 (en) 2017-09-08
WO2017151965A1 (en) 2017-09-08
EP3423688A1 (en) 2019-01-09
CA3016547A1 (en) 2017-09-08
CA3016540C (en) 2022-06-07
WO2017151960A9 (en) 2018-12-27
WO2017151959A1 (en) 2017-09-08
EP3423689A1 (en) 2019-01-09
JP2019510916A (ja) 2019-04-18
JP7091249B2 (ja) 2022-06-27
EP3424265B1 (en) 2020-05-27
MX2018010593A (es) 2019-08-12
CN108925139B (zh) 2022-01-07
JP6987773B2 (ja) 2022-01-05
WO2017151968A3 (en) 2018-06-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN108884739A (zh) 用于流体流动***的感受器
JP6142144B2 (ja) 加熱装置
CN107806361B (zh) 内燃机的排气构造
JP2003519745A (ja) 熱絶縁形排気ガス浄化装置
JP2018100596A (ja) 排気ガス加温装置
JP2006046181A (ja) 排気ガス浄化装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant