US20170254241A1 - Thermal storage device for use in a fluid flow system - Google Patents
Thermal storage device for use in a fluid flow system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170254241A1 US20170254241A1 US15/448,130 US201715448130A US2017254241A1 US 20170254241 A1 US20170254241 A1 US 20170254241A1 US 201715448130 A US201715448130 A US 201715448130A US 2017254241 A1 US2017254241 A1 US 2017254241A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- storage device
- thermal storage
- exhaust
- exhaust system
- thermal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
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- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
- F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
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- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
- F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/22—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems of electric heaters for exhaust systems or their power supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/07—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas flow rate or velocity meter or sensor, intake flow meters only when exclusively used to determine exhaust gas parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/12—Other sensor principles, e.g. using electro conductivity of substrate or radio frequency
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/20—Sensor having heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
- F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1406—Exhaust gas pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1411—Exhaust gas flow rate, e.g. mass flow rate or volumetric flow rate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
- F02D2041/228—Warning displays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2200/00—Prediction; Simulation; Testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K2205/00—Application of thermometers in motors, e.g. of a vehicle
- G01K2205/04—Application of thermometers in motors, e.g. of a vehicle for measuring exhaust gas temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/019—Heaters using heating elements having a negative temperature coefficient
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to heating and sensing systems for fluid flow applications, for example vehicle exhaust systems, such as diesel exhaust and aftertreatment systems.
- One known temperature sensor includes a mineral insulated sensor inside a thermowell that is then welded to a support bracket, which retains a tubular element. This design, unfortunately, takes a long amount of time to reach stability, and high vibration environments can result in damage to physical sensors.
- DPF diesel particulate filters
- SCR selective catalytic reduction
- DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
- LNT lean NO x trap
- ammonia slip catalyst an ammonia slip catalyst
- the DPF, the catalytic converter, and the SCR capture carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), particulate matters (PMs), and unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) contained in the exhaust gas.
- the heaters may be activated periodically or at a predetermined time to increase the exhaust temperature and activate the catalysts and/or to burn the particulate matters or unburned hydrocarbons that have been captured in the exhaust system.
- the heaters are generally installed in exhaust pipes or components such as containers of the exhaust system.
- the heaters may include a plurality of heating elements within the exhaust pipe and are typically controlled to the same target temperature to provide the same heat output.
- a temperature gradient typically occurs because of different operating conditions, such as different heat radiation from adjacent heating elements, and exhaust gas of different temperature that flows past the heating elements.
- the life of the heater depends on the life of the heating element that is under the harshest heating conditions and that would fail first. It is difficult to predict the life of the heater without knowing which heating element would fail first.
- the heater is typically designed to be operated with a safety factor to reduce and/or avoid failure of any of the heating elements. Therefore, the heating elements that are under the less harsh heating conditions are typically operated to generate a heat output that is much below their maximum available heat output.
- an exhaust system comprising at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit provided in an exhaust fluid flow pathway and a thermal storage device disposed upstream from at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit, wherein the thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time.
- a secondary flow pathway in fluid communication with the exhaust fluid pathway is provided, wherein the thermal storage device is disposed within the secondary flow pathway.
- a heater may be provided that is disposed proximate the secondary flow pathway and a flow control device actuated by the heater, wherein the flow control device is in communication with the secondary flow pathway.
- an exhaust system comprising at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit provided in an exhaust fluid flow pathway, a thermal storage device disposed upstream from at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit, and a heater disposed proximate the thermal storage device.
- the thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time.
- FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of a diesel engine and exhaust aftertreatment system in which the principles of the present disclosure are applied;
- FIG. 2 a schematic diagram of one form of a thermal storage device according to the teachings of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another form of a thermal storage device according to the teachings of the present disclosure.
- an exemplary engine system 10 generally includes a diesel engine 12 , an alternator 14 (or generator in some applications), a turbocharger 16 , and an exhaust aftertreatment system 18 .
- the exhaust aftertreatment system 18 is disposed downstream from the turbocharger 16 for treating exhaust gases from the diesel engine 12 before the exhaust gases are released to atmosphere.
- the exhaust aftertreatment system 18 can include one or more additional components, devices, or systems operable to further treat exhaust fluid flow to achieve a desired result.
- the exhaust aftertreatment system 18 includes a heating system 20 , a diesel oxidation catalyst DOC 22 , a diesel particulate filter device DPF 24 , and a selective catalytic reduction device SCR 26 .
- the heating system 20 includes a heater assembly 28 disposed upstream from the DOC 22 , and a heater control device 30 for controlling operation of the heater assembly 28 .
- the exhaust aftertreatment system 18 further includes an upstream exhaust conduit 32 that receives the heater assembly 28 therein, an intermediate exhaust conduit 34 in which the DOC 22 and DPF 24 are received, and a downstream exhaust conduit 36 in which the SCR is disposed.
- a diesel engine 12 is shown, it should be understood that the teachings of the present disclosure are also applicable to a gasoline engine and other fluid flow applications. Therefore, the diesel engine application should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
- the DOC 22 is disposed downstream from the heater assembly 28 and serves as a catalyst to oxide carbon monoxide and any unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas.
- the DOC 22 converts nitric oxide (NO) into nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ).
- the DPF 24 is disposed downstream from the DOC 22 to remove diesel particulate matter (PM) or soot from the exhaust gas.
- the SCR 26 is disposed downstream from the DPF 24 and, with the aid of a catalyst, converts nitrogen oxides (NOx) into nitrogen (N 2 ) and water.
- a urea water solution injector 27 is disposed downstream from the DPF 24 and upstream from the SCR 26 for injecting urea water solution into the stream of the exhaust gas. When urea water solution is used as the reductant in the SCR 18 , NOx is reduced into N 2 , H 2 O and CO 2 .
- the engine system 10 illustrated and described herein is merely exemplary, and thus other components such as a NO x adsorber or ammonia oxidation catalyst, among others, may be included, while other components such as the DOC 22 , DPF 24 , and SCR 26 may not be employed.
- a diesel engine 12 is shown, it should be understood that the teachings of the present disclosure are also applicable to a gasoline engine and other fluid flow applications. Therefore, the diesel engine application should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Such variations should be construed as falling within the scope of the present disclosure.
- the exhaust aftertreatment system 50 generally includes an exhaust treatment unit 52 , such as by way of example a selective catalyst reduction unit (SCR).
- the exhaust treatment unit 52 may be another type of unit, such as a catalytic converter, a diesel particulate filter, a diesel oxidation catalyst, a lean nitrogen oxides (NOx) trap, an ammonia slip catalyst, reformers, a decomposition tube, among others, and combinations thereof.
- the exhaust aftertreatment system 50 further comprises a thermal storage device 54 disposed upstream from the exhaust treatment unit 52 .
- This thermal storage device 54 is generally any device that can store heat or thermal mass, thereby providing “inertia” against temperature fluctuations.
- the thermal storage device 54 can store heat upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment unit 52 at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time. More specifically, the thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time.
- the minimum predetermined temperature is approximately 100° C. and the minimum predetermined time is about 8 hours. In another form, the minimum predetermined temperature is approximately 180° C.
- the minimum predetermined time is a time span for an FTP-75 (Federal Test Procedure 75) test procedure. Accordingly, the time span and temperatures are across a cold start transient phase, a stabilized phase, a hot soak phase between, and then a hot start transient phase.
- FTP-75 Fusion Test Procedure 75
- the thermal storage device 54 is a DPF (diesel particulate filter).
- the thermal storage device 54 or thermal mass can store large thermal energy when the surroundings are higher in temperature than the mass.
- the thermal storage device 54 or thermal mass releases the thermal energy gradually when the surrounding temperature is lower than the thermal storage device 54 or thermal mass. Therefore, the thermal storage device 54 can help retain the heat and thus prolongs the regeneration cycle even after the heater 56 is turned off.
- the thermal storage device 54 is also operable to release thermal energy when the heater 56 is turned off and when the fluid temperature surrounding the thermal storage device 54 is lower than the temperature of the thermal storage device.
- the thermal storage device 54 is made of a material that has excellent thermal mass (or thermal capacitance, or heat capacity), which refers to the ability of a body to store thermal energy. If the exhaust aftertreatment unit 52 is a DOC, the thermal storage device 54 can assist with light-off or NO to NO 2 conversion. If the exhaust aftertreatment unit 52 is an SCR, the thermal storage device 54 could assist with NO x conversion. If the exhaust aftertreatment unit 52 is a decomposition tube upstream of an SCR, then the thermal storage device 54 could assist with processing of urea and with NO x conversion in the decomposition tube.
- the thermal storage device 54 may be in the form of a thermal flywheel as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the thermal storage device 54 or thermal flywheel may also include a phase change material, an in one form a phase change material that changes phase at a temperature between 180° C. and 45° C.
- the thermal storage device 54 may be combined with a thermal insulator (not shown).
- the combination of heat storage capacity and thermal insulation enables at least one catalyst in the system to remain at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time resulting in the warm-up period to be reduced or eliminated.
- the thermal storage device 54 is positioned in a second fluid flow channel 58 that receives and warms the exhaust gas at times the exhaust gas temperature is low and would otherwise reduce the effectiveness of a catalyst in the exhaust gas flow.
- This exhaust system 60 further includes a fluid flow control device 62 that causes fluid to flow through the second fluid flow channel when actuated by the heater 56 . Accordingly, when a heater 56 is turned on, the fluid flow control device 62 is actuated and causes the fluid to flow through the second fluid flow channel 58 .
- Such heater-actuated flow device may be one of the various forms disclosed in copending application entitled “Heater-Actuated Flow Bypass,” which is commonly assigned with the present application and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- the second fluid flow channel 58 may cool the exhaust gas at times when the exhaust gas temperature is high (or above a predetermined temperature) and would otherwise reduce the effectiveness of a catalyst in the exhaust gas flow.
- the thermal storage device 54 may be disposed within the first fluid flow channel or within both the first fluid flow channel and second fluid flow channel.
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
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- Resistance Heating (AREA)
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- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
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Abstract
An exhaust system is provided that includes at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit provided in an exhaust fluid flow pathway and a thermal storage device disposed upstream from the exhaust aftertreatment unit. The thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time. In one form, a heater is also provided proximate the thermal storage device, along with variations that include a secondary flow pathway for the thermal storage device.
Description
- This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/302,482, filed on Mar. 2, 2016, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. This application is also related to co-pending applications titled “Bare Heating Elements for Heating Fluid Flows,” “Virtual Sensing System,” “Advanced Two-Wire Heater System for Transient Systems,” “Heater Element Having Targeted Decreasing Temperature Resistance Characteristics,” “System for Axial Zoning of Heating Power,” “Dual-Purpose Heater and Fluid Flow Measurement System,” “Heater-Actuated Flow Bypass,” and “Susceptor for Use in a Fluid Flow System,” concurrently filed herewith and commonly assigned with the present application, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- The present disclosure relates to heating and sensing systems for fluid flow applications, for example vehicle exhaust systems, such as diesel exhaust and aftertreatment systems.
- The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
- The use of physical sensors in transient fluid flow applications such as the exhaust system of an engine is challenging due to harsh environmental conditions such as vibration and thermal cycling. One known temperature sensor includes a mineral insulated sensor inside a thermowell that is then welded to a support bracket, which retains a tubular element. This design, unfortunately, takes a long amount of time to reach stability, and high vibration environments can result in damage to physical sensors.
- Physical sensors also present some uncertainty of the actual resistive element temperature in many applications, and as a result, large safety margins are often applied in the design of heater power. Accordingly, heaters that are used with physical sensors generally provide lower watt density, which allows a lower risk of damaging the heater at the expense of greater heater size and cost (same heater power spread over more resistive element surface area).
- Moreover, known technology uses an on/off control or PID control from an external sensor in a thermal control loop. External sensors have inherent delays from thermal resistances between their wires and sensor outputs. Any external sensor increases the potential for component failure modes and sets limitations of the any mechanical mount to the overall system.
- One application for heaters in fluid flow systems is vehicle exhausts, which are coupled to an internal combustion engine to assist in the reduction of an undesirable release of various gases and other pollutant emissions into the atmosphere. These exhaust systems typically include various after-treatment devices, such as diesel particulate filters (DPF), a catalytic converter, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a lean NOx trap (LNT), an ammonia slip catalyst, or reformers, among others. The DPF, the catalytic converter, and the SCR capture carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matters (PMs), and unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) contained in the exhaust gas. The heaters may be activated periodically or at a predetermined time to increase the exhaust temperature and activate the catalysts and/or to burn the particulate matters or unburned hydrocarbons that have been captured in the exhaust system.
- The heaters are generally installed in exhaust pipes or components such as containers of the exhaust system. The heaters may include a plurality of heating elements within the exhaust pipe and are typically controlled to the same target temperature to provide the same heat output. However, a temperature gradient typically occurs because of different operating conditions, such as different heat radiation from adjacent heating elements, and exhaust gas of different temperature that flows past the heating elements.
- The life of the heater depends on the life of the heating element that is under the harshest heating conditions and that would fail first. It is difficult to predict the life of the heater without knowing which heating element would fail first. To improve reliability of all the heating elements, the heater is typically designed to be operated with a safety factor to reduce and/or avoid failure of any of the heating elements. Therefore, the heating elements that are under the less harsh heating conditions are typically operated to generate a heat output that is much below their maximum available heat output.
- In one form of the present disclosure, an exhaust system is provided that comprises at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit provided in an exhaust fluid flow pathway and a thermal storage device disposed upstream from at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit, wherein the thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time.
- In another form, a secondary flow pathway in fluid communication with the exhaust fluid pathway is provided, wherein the thermal storage device is disposed within the secondary flow pathway. Further, a heater may be provided that is disposed proximate the secondary flow pathway and a flow control device actuated by the heater, wherein the flow control device is in communication with the secondary flow pathway.
- In still another form, an exhaust system is provided that comprises at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit provided in an exhaust fluid flow pathway, a thermal storage device disposed upstream from at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit, and a heater disposed proximate the thermal storage device. The thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time.
- Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
- In order that the disclosure may be well understood, there will now be described various forms thereof, given by way of example, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of a diesel engine and exhaust aftertreatment system in which the principles of the present disclosure are applied; -
FIG. 2 a schematic diagram of one form of a thermal storage device according to the teachings of the present disclosure; and -
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another form of a thermal storage device according to the teachings of the present disclosure. - The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
- The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , anexemplary engine system 10 generally includes adiesel engine 12, an alternator 14 (or generator in some applications), aturbocharger 16, and anexhaust aftertreatment system 18. Theexhaust aftertreatment system 18 is disposed downstream from theturbocharger 16 for treating exhaust gases from thediesel engine 12 before the exhaust gases are released to atmosphere. Theexhaust aftertreatment system 18 can include one or more additional components, devices, or systems operable to further treat exhaust fluid flow to achieve a desired result. In one form, theexhaust aftertreatment system 18 includes aheating system 20, a dieseloxidation catalyst DOC 22, a diesel particulatefilter device DPF 24, and a selective catalyticreduction device SCR 26. Theheating system 20 includes aheater assembly 28 disposed upstream from theDOC 22, and aheater control device 30 for controlling operation of theheater assembly 28. Theexhaust aftertreatment system 18 further includes anupstream exhaust conduit 32 that receives theheater assembly 28 therein, anintermediate exhaust conduit 34 in which theDOC 22 and DPF 24 are received, and adownstream exhaust conduit 36 in which the SCR is disposed. Although adiesel engine 12 is shown, it should be understood that the teachings of the present disclosure are also applicable to a gasoline engine and other fluid flow applications. Therefore, the diesel engine application should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. - The
DOC 22 is disposed downstream from theheater assembly 28 and serves as a catalyst to oxide carbon monoxide and any unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas. In addition, TheDOC 22 converts nitric oxide (NO) into nitrogen dioxide (NO2). TheDPF 24 is disposed downstream from theDOC 22 to remove diesel particulate matter (PM) or soot from the exhaust gas. TheSCR 26 is disposed downstream from theDPF 24 and, with the aid of a catalyst, converts nitrogen oxides (NOx) into nitrogen (N2) and water. A ureawater solution injector 27 is disposed downstream from theDPF 24 and upstream from theSCR 26 for injecting urea water solution into the stream of the exhaust gas. When urea water solution is used as the reductant in theSCR 18, NOx is reduced into N2, H2O and CO2. - It should be understood that the
engine system 10 illustrated and described herein is merely exemplary, and thus other components such as a NOx adsorber or ammonia oxidation catalyst, among others, may be included, while other components such as theDOC 22,DPF 24, andSCR 26 may not be employed. Further, although adiesel engine 12 is shown, it should be understood that the teachings of the present disclosure are also applicable to a gasoline engine and other fluid flow applications. Therefore, the diesel engine application should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Such variations should be construed as falling within the scope of the present disclosure. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , an exhaust aftertreatment system according to the teachings of the present disclosure is illustrated and generally indicated byreference numeral 50. Theexhaust aftertreatment system 50 generally includes anexhaust treatment unit 52, such as by way of example a selective catalyst reduction unit (SCR). Theexhaust treatment unit 52 may be another type of unit, such as a catalytic converter, a diesel particulate filter, a diesel oxidation catalyst, a lean nitrogen oxides (NOx) trap, an ammonia slip catalyst, reformers, a decomposition tube, among others, and combinations thereof. - As shown, the
exhaust aftertreatment system 50 further comprises athermal storage device 54 disposed upstream from theexhaust treatment unit 52. Thisthermal storage device 54 is generally any device that can store heat or thermal mass, thereby providing “inertia” against temperature fluctuations. Thethermal storage device 54 can store heat upstream of theexhaust aftertreatment unit 52 at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time. More specifically, the thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time. In one form, the minimum predetermined temperature is approximately 100° C. and the minimum predetermined time is about 8 hours. In another form, the minimum predetermined temperature is approximately 180° C. and the minimum predetermined time is a time span for an FTP-75 (Federal Test Procedure 75) test procedure. Accordingly, the time span and temperatures are across a cold start transient phase, a stabilized phase, a hot soak phase between, and then a hot start transient phase. - As further shown, in another form, at least one
heater 56 is disposed proximate thethermal storage device 54. In one example, thethermal storage device 54 is a DPF (diesel particulate filter). In this exemplary form, during a preceding regeneration cycle, thethermal storage device 54 or thermal mass can store large thermal energy when the surroundings are higher in temperature than the mass. When the regeneration cycle is off, thethermal storage device 54 or thermal mass releases the thermal energy gradually when the surrounding temperature is lower than thethermal storage device 54 or thermal mass. Therefore, thethermal storage device 54 can help retain the heat and thus prolongs the regeneration cycle even after theheater 56 is turned off. Thethermal storage device 54 is also operable to release thermal energy when theheater 56 is turned off and when the fluid temperature surrounding thethermal storage device 54 is lower than the temperature of the thermal storage device. - The
thermal storage device 54 is made of a material that has excellent thermal mass (or thermal capacitance, or heat capacity), which refers to the ability of a body to store thermal energy. If theexhaust aftertreatment unit 52 is a DOC, thethermal storage device 54 can assist with light-off or NO to NO2 conversion. If theexhaust aftertreatment unit 52 is an SCR, thethermal storage device 54 could assist with NOx conversion. If theexhaust aftertreatment unit 52 is a decomposition tube upstream of an SCR, then thethermal storage device 54 could assist with processing of urea and with NOx conversion in the decomposition tube. - The
thermal storage device 54 may be in the form of a thermal flywheel as shown inFIG. 2 . Thethermal storage device 54 or thermal flywheel may also include a phase change material, an in one form a phase change material that changes phase at a temperature between 180° C. and 45° C. - Optionally, the
thermal storage device 54 may be combined with a thermal insulator (not shown). The combination of heat storage capacity and thermal insulation enables at least one catalyst in the system to remain at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time resulting in the warm-up period to be reduced or eliminated. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , in another form, thethermal storage device 54 is positioned in a secondfluid flow channel 58 that receives and warms the exhaust gas at times the exhaust gas temperature is low and would otherwise reduce the effectiveness of a catalyst in the exhaust gas flow. This exhaust system 60 further includes a fluidflow control device 62 that causes fluid to flow through the second fluid flow channel when actuated by theheater 56. Accordingly, when aheater 56 is turned on, the fluidflow control device 62 is actuated and causes the fluid to flow through the secondfluid flow channel 58. Such heater-actuated flow device may be one of the various forms disclosed in copending application entitled “Heater-Actuated Flow Bypass,” which is commonly assigned with the present application and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Alternatively, the secondfluid flow channel 58 may cool the exhaust gas at times when the exhaust gas temperature is high (or above a predetermined temperature) and would otherwise reduce the effectiveness of a catalyst in the exhaust gas flow. - In yet another form, the
thermal storage device 54 may be disposed within the first fluid flow channel or within both the first fluid flow channel and second fluid flow channel. - The description of the disclosure is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the substance of the disclosure are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
Claims (20)
1. An exhaust system comprising:
at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit provided in an exhaust fluid flow pathway; and
a thermal storage device disposed upstream from the at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit, wherein the thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time.
2. The exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein the minimum predetermined temperature is approximately 100° C. and the minimum predetermined time is about 8 hours.
3. The exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein the minimum predetermined temperature is approximately 180° C. and the minimum predetermined time is a time span for an FTP-75 test procedure.
4. The exhaust system according to claim 3 further comprising a heater disposed proximate the thermal storage device.
5. The exhaust system according to claim 4 , wherein the thermal storage device is operable to release thermal energy when the heater is turned off and when the fluid temperature surrounding the thermal storage device is lower than the temperature of the thermal storage device.
6. The exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit is selected from the group consisting of a catalytic converter, a diesel particulate filter, a selective catalytic reduction, a diesel oxidation catalyst, a lean nitrogen oxides (NOx) trap, an ammonia slip catalyst, reformers, a decomposition tube, and combinations thereof.
7. The exhaust system according to claim 6 , wherein the thermal storage device is operable to assist with at least one of light-off and NO to NO2 conversion in the diesel oxidation catalyst unit.
8. The exhaust system according to claim 6 , wherein the thermal storage device is operable to assist with NOx conversion in the selective catalytic reduction unit.
9. The exhaust system according to claim 6 , wherein the decomposition tube is disposed upstream of a selective catalytic reduction unit.
10. The exhaust system according to claim 9 , wherein the thermal storage device is operable to assist with at least one of processing urea and NOx conversion in the decomposition tube.
11. The exhaust system according to claim 1 further comprising a secondary flow pathway in fluid communication with the exhaust fluid pathway, wherein the thermal storage device is disposed within the secondary flow pathway.
12. The exhaust system according to claim 11 further comprising a heater disposed proximate the secondary flow pathway and a flow control device actuated by the heater, wherein the flow control device is in communication with the secondary flow pathway.
13. The exhaust system according to claim 12 , wherein the heater is disposed proximate the thermal storage device.
14. The exhaust system according to claim 11 , wherein the secondary flow pathway functions to cool a flow of exhaust fluid when the exhaust fluid is above a predetermined temperature.
15. The exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal storage device comprises a phase change material.
16. The exhaust system according to claim 15 , wherein the thermal storage device changes phase between a temperature of approximately 180° C. and 450° C.
17. An exhaust system comprising:
at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit provided in an exhaust fluid flow pathway;
a thermal storage device disposed upstream from the at least one exhaust aftertreatment unit, wherein the thermal storage device is operable to store thermal mass and provide thermal insulation to enable a catalyst to maintain a minimum predetermined temperature for a minimum predetermined time; and
a heater disposed proximate the thermal storage device.
18. The exhaust system according to claim 17 , wherein the thermal storage device is operable to release thermal energy when the heater is turned off and when the fluid temperature surrounding the thermal storage device is lower than the temperature of the thermal storage device.
19. The exhaust system according to claim 17 further comprising a secondary flow pathway in fluid communication with the exhaust fluid pathway, wherein the thermal storage device is disposed within the secondary flow pathway.
20. The exhaust system according to claim 17 , wherein the thermal storage device comprises a phase change material that changes phase between a temperature of approximately 180° C. and 450° C.
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