JP5462345B2 - 光感度が改善されたイメージ・センサー - Google Patents
光感度が改善されたイメージ・センサー Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
- H04N23/843—Demosaicing, e.g. interpolating colour pixel values
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/133—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements including elements passing panchromatic light, e.g. filters passing white light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/135—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on four or more different wavelength filter elements
- H04N25/136—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on four or more different wavelength filter elements using complementary colours
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/63—Control of cameras or camera modules by using electronic viewfinders
- H04N23/633—Control of cameras or camera modules by using electronic viewfinders for displaying additional information relating to control or operation of the camera
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Description
P22 = (P12 + P32)/2
適応法も利用することができる。例えば1つの適応法は、図17Aに示したパンクロ値を利用して3つの勾配値を計算し、その絶対値を取るというものである。
SCLAS = ABS (P31 - P13)
VCLAS = ABS (P32 - P12)
BCLAS = ABS (P33 - P11)
同様にして3つの予想値が計算される。
SPRED = (P31 + P13)/2
VPRED = (P32 + P12)/2
BPRED = (P33 + P11)/2
G R
B G
を示すような最小繰り返し単位を有する。
HCLAS = ABS (P4 - P2) + ABS (2×P3 - P2 - P4)
VCLAS = ABS (P5 - P1) + ABS (2×P3 - P1 - P5)
次に2つの予想値を計算する。第1の予想値は水平方向に関係し、第2の予想値は鉛直方向に関係する。
HPRED = (G4 + G2)/2 + (2×P3 - P2 - P4)/2
VPRED = (G5 + G1)/2 + (2×P3 - P1 - P5)/2
最後に、THRESHを経験的に決定した閾値とすることで、欠けている値G3を以下のようにして適応的に計算することができる。
IF MAX (HCLAS, VCLAS) < THRESH
G3 = (HPRED + VPRED)/2
ELSEIF VCLAS < HCLAS
G3 = VPRED
ELSE
G3 = HPRED
END
したがって両方の分類値が閾値よりも小さい場合には、両方の予想値の平均を計算してG3とする。そうでない場合には、分類値HCLASとVCLASのどちらが小さいかに応じてHPREDまたはVPREDを利用する。
R3 = (R4 + R2)/2 + (2×G3 - G2 - G4)/2
欠けている青色値は、同様の条件下で同じようにして計算される。この時点では、まだ赤色値と青色値が欠けている画素だけが、鉛直方向の内挿を必要とする画素である。図19Cに示してあるように、画素252には赤色値が欠けており、鉛直方向に隣接している2つの画素(画素250と254)はそれぞれ赤色値R1とR5を持つ。このような条件下では、画素252に関する赤色値(R3)は以下のようにして計算される。
R3 = (R5 + R1)/2 + (2×G3 - G1 - G5)/2
欠けている青色値は、同様の条件で同じようにして計算される。こうすることで、低解像度不完全カラー画像の内挿が完成し、その結果が低解像度中間カラー画像となる。すでに説明したように、低解像度色差は、今やそれぞれの色平面(すなわち上で説明した例における赤、緑、青)から低解像度パンクロ値を差し引くことによって計算できる。
HCLAS = ABS (G4 - G2) + ABS (2×G3 - G2 - G4)
VCLAS = ABS (G5 - G1) + ABS (2×G3 - G1 - G5)
次に2つの予想値を計算する。第1の予想値は水平方向に関係し、第2の予想値は鉛直方向に関係する。
HPRED = (R4 + R2)/2 + (2×G3 - G2 - G4)/2
VPRED = (R5 + R1)/2 + (2×G3 - G1 - G5)/2
最後に、THRESHを経験的に決定した閾値とすることで、欠けている値R3を以下のようにして適応的に計算することができる。
IF MAX (HCLAS, VCLAS) < THRESH
R3 = (HPRED + VPRED)/2
ELSEIF VCLAS < HCLAS
R3 = VPRED
ELSE
R3 = HPRED
END
したがって両方の分類値が閾値よりも小さい場合には、両方の予想値の平均を計算してR3とする。そうでない場合には、分類値HCLASとVCLASのどちらが小さいかに応じてHPREDまたはVPREDを利用する。
11 イメージング段
12 レンズ
13 中性フィルタ
14 虹彩絞り
16 明るさセンサー
18 シャッター
20 イメージ・センサー
22 アナログ信号処理装置
24 アナログ/ディジタル(A/D)変換器
26 タイミング発生装置
28 イメージ・センサー段
30 ディジタル信号処理装置(DSP)のバス
32 ディジタル信号処理装置(DSP)のメモリ
36 ディジタル信号処理装置(DSP)
38 処理段
40 露出制御装置
50 システム制御装置
52 システム制御装置のバス
54 プログラム用メモリ
56 システム用メモリ
57 ホストとのインターフェイス
60 メモリ・カードとのインターフェイス
62 メモリ・カード用ソケット
64 メモリ・カード
68 ユーザー制御/状態インターフェイス
70 ビューファインダ・ディスプレイ
72 露出ディスプレイ
74 ユーザー入力
76 状態ディスプレイ
80 ビデオ・エンコーダ
82 ディスプレイ制御装置
88 画像ディスプレイ
100 ベイヤー・パターンのための最小繰り返し単位
102 最小ではないベイヤー・パターンのための繰り返し単位
110 赤外阻止フィルタの分光透過曲線
112 フィルタのないセンサーの分光光応答曲線
114 センサーの赤色光応答曲線
116 センサーの緑色光応答曲線
118 センサーの青色光応答曲線
120 第1の緑色セル
122 赤色セル
124 青色セル
126 第2の緑色セル
202 低解像度不完全カラー・ブロック
204 高解像度パンクロ・ブロック
206 低解像度パンクロ・ブロック
208 低解像度色差ブロック
210 高解像度色差ブロック
212 高解像度最終画像ブロック
220 第1の緑色セル
222 第1の緑色セル内の緑色画素
224 赤色セル
226 青色セル
228 第2の緑色セル
230 欠けた緑色値を内挿するための上側画素
232 欠けた緑色値を内挿するための左側画素
234 緑色値が欠けた画素
236 欠けた緑色値を内挿するための右側画素
238 欠けた緑色値を内挿するための下側画素
240 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための左側画素
242 赤色値が欠けた画素
244 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための右側画素
250 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための上側画素
252 赤色値が欠けた画素
254 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための下側画素
260 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための上側画素
262 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための左側画素
264 赤色値が欠けた画素
266 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための右側画素
268 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための下側画素
Claims (16)
- カラー画像を捕獲するためのイメージ・センサーであって、
a)第1の画素群と第2の画素群を有する二次元アレイを備えていて、第1の画素群からの画素は、第2の画素群からの画素よりも分光光応答が狭く、第1の画素群の個々の画素は、少なくとも2つの色のセットに対応する分光光応答を持ち、
b)第1の画素群と第2の画素群の配置が、少なくとも12個の画素を含む最小繰り返し単位を持つあるパターンを規定していて、その最小繰り返し単位は互いに重なっていない複数のセルを含んでおり、各セルは、第1の画素群の中から選択した特定の1つの色を表わす少なくとも2つの画素と、第2の画素群の中から選択した複数の画素とを持ち、それらの画素が、捕獲したカラー画像を異なる照明条件下で再現できるように配置されており、
c)特定の1つの色を表わす前記少なくとも2つの画素を各セル内でそれぞれ組み合わせるように構成され、
d)前記各セルが低解像度カラー・フィルタ・アレイ画像を規定し、第2の画素群の画像が高解像度パンクロ画像を規定していて、
e)前記高解像度パンクロ画像から生成された低解像度パンクロ画像をガイドとして、前記低解像度カラー・フィルタ・アレイ画像の色を内挿することによって、低解像度色差画像を形成し、前記低解像度色差画像から生成された高解像度色差画像に、前記高解像度パンクロ画像を加算することによって、高解像度画像を生成するイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位が少なくとも3つのセルを含んでいて、第1の色の少なくとも1つのセルは、その第1の色の少なくとも2つの画素を持ち、第2の色の少なくとも1つのセルは、その第2の色の少なくとも2つの画素を持ち、第3の色の少なくとも1つのセルは、その第3の色の少なくとも2つの画素を持つ、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。
- 第1の色が緑、第2の色が赤、第3の色が青である、請求項2に記載のイメージ・センサー。
- 上記最小繰り返し単位が少なくとも4つのセルを有し、
上記セルが、少なくとも2つの緑色画素を持つ少なくとも1つの緑色セルと、少なくとも2つの赤色画素を持つ少なくとも1つの赤色セルと、少なくとも2つの青色画素を持つ少なくとも1つの青色セルとを含む、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 第2の画素群が、最小繰り返し単位の行方向、列方向、斜め方向のいずれかに直線状に配置され、
第1の画素群の各カラー画素が、各行と各列において、隣にある同じ色の画素から少なくとも1つの似ていない画素によって隔てられていて、
上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P P P P P P P P
A B A B C B C B
P P P P P P P P
A B A B C B C B
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 第2の画素群が、最小繰り返し単位の行方向、列方向、斜め方向のいずれかに直線状に配置され、
第1の画素群のカラー画素が、各行と各列において、第2の画素群の少なくとも1つの画素によって隔てられていて、
上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P P P P P P P P
A P A P B P B P
P P P P P P P P
A P A P B P B P
P P P P P P P P
B P B P C P C P
P P P P P P P P
B P B P C P C P
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位の第1の画素群の同じ複数のカラー画素が、互いに横に並んで直線状に配置され、
上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P P P P
A A B B
P P P P
B B C C
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位の第1の画素群の同じ複数のカラー画素が、互いに横に並んで直線状に配置され、
上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P P P P
A A B B
P P P P
D D C C
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わし、
Dは第1の画素群の第4の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位の第1の画素群の同じ複数のカラー画素が斜め方向の線上に並べて配置され、第2の画素群が斜め方向の線上に並べて配置され、
上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P A P A P B P B
A P A P B P B P
P A P A P B P B
A P A P B P B P
P B P B P C P C
B P B P C P C P
P B P B P C P C
B P B P C P C P
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位の第1の画素群の同じ複数のカラー画素が斜め方向の線上に並べて配置され、第2の画素群が斜め方向の線上に並べて配置され、
上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P A P A P B P B
A P A P B P B P
P A P A P B P B
A P A P B P B P
P D P D P C P C
D P D P C P C P
P D P D P C P C
D P D P C P C P
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わし、
Dは第1の画素群の第4の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位の第1の画素群の同じ複数のカラー画素が斜め方向の線上に並べて配置され、第2の画素群が斜め方向の線上に並べて配置され、
上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P A P B
A P B P
P B P C
B P C P
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位の第1の画素群の同じ複数のカラー画素が斜め方向の線上に並べて配置され、第2の画素群が斜め方向の線上に並べて配置され、
上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P A P B
A P B P
P D P C
D P C P
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わし、
Dは第1の画素群の第4の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P P P P
B B A A
P P P P
C C B B
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P B P A
B P A P
P C P B
C P B P
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位が、
P B P P A P
B P B A P A
P B P P A P
P C P P B P
C P C B P B
P C P P B P
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。 - 上記最小繰り返し単位が、
B P B P A P
P B P A P A
B P B P A P
P C P B P B
C P C P B P
P C P B P B
であり、
Pは第2の画素群を表わし、
Aは第1の画素群の第1の色の画素を表わし、
Bは第1の画素群の第2の色の画素を表わし、
Cは第1の画素群の第3の色の画素を表わす、請求項1に記載のイメージ・センサー。
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2005
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US20070024931A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
US8139130B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
JP2009504005A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
US20120176521A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
CN101233762B (zh) | 2010-09-01 |
JP2013081222A (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
US8330839B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
CN101233762A (zh) | 2008-07-30 |
EP1908302A2 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
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