CN105494012A - Planting method capable of increasing sugar content of Hylocereus undulatus Britt - Google Patents
Planting method capable of increasing sugar content of Hylocereus undulatus Britt Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
- A01N65/385—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/48—Zingiberaceae [Ginger family], e.g. ginger or galangal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method capable of increasing the sugar content of Hylocereus undulatus Britt. The planting method is characterized by comprising the steps of field selection, seedling growing, field planting, trimming and shaping, nutrient and water management, orchard management and pest control and prevention. According to the planting method, a bio-organic fertilizer and an active organic liquid fertilizer containing sugar are applied to the roots, the blade surfaces and fruits of Hylocereus undulatus Britt trees, so that the sugar content of the Hylocereus undulatus Britt is increased, the Hylocereus undulatus Britt tastes sweeter, the taste is enhanced, the fruit quality is improved, and then the current problem that the sugar content of the Hylocereus undulatus Britt is lower is solved. Besides, botanical insecticide and botanical insecticide deinsectization technologies are adopted, a better insecticidal effect is realized while the nutrient is guaranteed, and the economic benefit is very remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of economic crops, particularly a kind of implantation methods improving dragon fruit sugar content.
Background technology
Dragon fruit
(HylocereusundulatusBritt.), dragon fruit also claims Hylocereus undatus, passion plant, celestial mamoncillo, Yu Longguo; For the fruit of Cactaceae hylocereus platymiscium hylocereus, originate in Mexico and Brazil of Central-south America, artificial cultivation history has the centuries.The pericarp of dragon fruit takes on a red color, and pericarp is long red microscler scale, and pulp is evenly distributed with the seed of sesame shape, the color adularescent of pulp, yellow, redness, fruit and stem all edibles.In each hectogram dragon fruit pulp, moisture content 82.55 grams, carotin 6.1 grams, crude fat 0.17 gram, 0.81 gram, protein, raw fiber 1.21 grams, 13.91 grams, carbohydrate, heat 59.65 kilocalories, dietary fiber 1.62 grams, vitamin C 3.8 grams, 2.83 grams, fructose, glucose 7.83 grams, calcium 5.45 milligrams, 24.6 milligrams, phosphorus, iron 0.552 milligram and lot of anthocyanin (red meat fruit kind is the richest), aqueous soluble dietary albumen, phytalbumin etc.Dragon fruit is sweet flat, and main nutrient composition has protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium etc., and the phase of abounding with is that June is to November.Research according to relevant expert, scholar is theoretical, and why dragon fruit has medicinal and health-care efficacy significantly to health, mainly the special effect of three kinds of material compositions that dragon fruit is rarer than general plant.These three kinds of material compositions are respectively " vegetable albumin ", " anthocyan ", " Polydextrose ".The content of existence in addition containing multivitamin, several amino acids of these three kinds of material compositions is abundanter than general fruits and vegetables class, so more useful to the mankind.
Dragon fruit strong adaptability, economize in China Taiwan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Jiangxi etc. and all can plant, dragon fruit requires strict to soil, and the more ground of level land, hilly ground, mountain region, seashore sand ground, tor mud ground, salinity all can be planted, more responsive to temperature, happiness heat is afraid of cold; Therefore, how plantation dragon fruit, overcome variations in temperature, moisture lack, the problems such as soil condition is poor, soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability.Meanwhile, which kind of kind plantation is selected also to be the problem needing to need further to solve.In addition, in artificial planting dragon fruit process, owing to using the insecticide of inorganic chemical fertilizer, the multiple high toxicity sprayed, drug effect length in a large number, make the residual quantity severe overweight of chemical fertilizer in dragon fruit, agricultural chemicals, after such food is eaten by people, to remain heavy metal in human body, the life security of people in meeting serious harm.
In addition, dragon fruit quality comprises exterior quality and interior quality two aspects.Outward appearance is that the shape, size, fruit colour, pericarp streak etc. to fruit is evaluated; And endoplasm comprises pulp thickness, color and luster, meat, local flavor and sugar content etc.In above-mentioned numerous index of quality, sugar height weighs to criticize the leading indicator of fruit quality.Fruit quality depends on again sugary kind and quantity in fruit to a great extent.Dragon fruit is lower compared to sugar content the popular fruit such as peach, apple, grape, and this have impact on the sales volume of dragon fruit to a certain extent.Therefore in order to improve dragon fruit fruit quality, the sugar content improving dragon fruit fruit is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods improving dragon fruit sugar content.Biological organic fertilizer containing sugar and organic liquid active fertilizer are imposed on dragon fruit root, blade face and fruit by this implantation methods, thus increase the sugar content of dragon fruit, dragon fruit product are made to taste more sweet taste, increase mouthfeel, improve fruit quality, closely solve the lower problem of current dragon fruit sugar content.
A kind of implantation methods improving dragon fruit sugar content of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Improve an implantation methods for dragon fruit sugar content, it is characterized in that: comprise wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the extermination of disease and insect pest step; And adopting biological organic fertilizer and organic liquid active fertilizer to apply fertilizer to dragon fruit, every plant executes 1-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5-1kg rich selenium organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described biological organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be ecological sheep excrement 60-70 part, blackstrap 20-25 part, paulownia bran 10-20 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 5-15 part, compound amino acid 5-10 part, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 0.5-3 part;
The raw material that described organic liquid active fertilizer comprises following parts by weight is made: night soil 30-40, blackstrap 20-25 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-10 part, potassium chloride 5-10 part, shitosan 5-8 part, glucose 10-15 part, ammonium humate 6-10 part and sodium selenite 3-6 part; Above-mentioned raw materials sealing and fermenting 5-10 days is obtained; By organic liquid active fertilizer during use: the part by weight of water is that 1:2 dilutes.
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with blackstrap, pig, cattle and sheep ight soil and probio mixed fermentation product improvement soil, and adopt Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, mixed fermentation product is spread on ground, utilizes the dark rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, select annual above aging, robust growth, cut without the rear fruit bearing shoot of adopting of damage by disease and insect, it is the seedling anvil of 25-30cm by its cutting back, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, take out inversion after soaking 1-2 minute with dilution 600 times of carbendazim solutions again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2-3 hour, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual 3-4 month field planting, during field planting, should first be placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be above the ground level 3 centimetres, can carry out field planting after waiting the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage to stablize;
Described trimming and finishing is: after dragon fruit field planting, pinching when stem grows to 1.5-1.8m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting grows to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and vegetative shoot is all dredged and goes, also will dredge buds all on vegetative shoot simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: to spread fertilizer over the fields before field planting after 1-3kg biological organic fertilizer as base manure bottom the cave dug, execute the biological organic fertilizer of Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, and coordinates and impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element; Dragon fruit plant is thanked and spends rear fruiting period drip irrigation organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Spend timely pruning to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease, find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to heap wax mealybug, two spotted spider mite, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, anthracnose, fusarium wilt; Use the insect pest of plant insecticide control dragon fruit, use botanical fungicide control dragon fruit disease.
Further, described probio is two or more in saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma or actinomycetes.
Further, the production method of described biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: by weight by ecological sheep excrement, blackstrap, paulownia bran, the peat composed of rotten mosses, compound amino acid, mix, obtain mixture; Add bacillus subtilis and/or the actinomycetes live bacteria agent of parts by weight in the mixture, control moisture at 35%-50%, mix, build heap, ferment 15-20 days at normal temperatures, can obtain biological organic fertilizer.
Further, the material composition of described plant insecticide and parts by weight are: galangal 25-35 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, tobacco 10-15 part, lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) 5-10 part, ginkgo leaf 2-4 part, cloves 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
Further, the material composition of described botanical fungicide and parts by weight are: macleaya cordata 25-35 part, kuh-seng 20-30 part, baeckea frutescen 10-15 part, Desmos chinensis 5-10 part, betel nut 5-10 part, stone-like omphalia 2-4 part, Sophora alopecuroide 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
Blackstrap (wastemolasses) is a kind of by product of sugar refinery, cannot the mother liquor of inspissation crystallization again.Blackstrap moisture weight content, at 18-50%, can be widely used in foliage fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, solid organic fertilizer as auxiliary material.Containing the abundant nutrient component required for plant growth in blackstrap, according to analysis, containing sucrose 24-36% in blackstrap, other carbohydrate 12-24%, mineral matter 8-10%, thick protein 3-6%, a small amount of soluble type colloid and moisture, in addition, also containing macroelement such as N P and K in blackstrap, fertilizer industry can be widely used in.
The peat composed of rotten mosses is the product in formation process of bog, by the residual body of limnocryptophyte, under the anaerobic condition of many water, can not decompose accumulation completely and form, containing large quantity of moisture with not by the plant residue, humus and a part of mineral matter that thoroughly decompose.The peat composed of rotten mosses, containing abundant various element such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese, is the organic substance of pure natural, and it is a kind of green matter of aseptic, nontoxic, nuisanceless, pollution-free, noresidue.
Paulownia bran is the resultant product after paulownia seed squeezes tung oil, tung seed cake, a kind of nitrogenous (2-7%), phosphorous (1-3%), containing " green " fertilizer of potassium (1-2%) and various trace element, also containing compositions such as a large amount of organic (75-80%), protein, residue grease and vitamins, its fertile part is dense, nutritious, be the organic manure of high-quality.
Shitosan is that natural plant nutrition urgees long agent--the raw material of foliage fertilizer, the foliage fertilizer composite by shitosan, plant insecticide can be given, disease-resistant, play the effect of fertilizer, plant and animal residues and minor metallic element in soil can be decomposed again, thus be converted into the nutrient of plant, strengthen via plant immunity, promote the health of plant; Containing rich in protein, trace element in shrimp shell, crab shell, after animal eats absorption, there is good nutritive value.
Selenium is a kind of beneficial element needed for plant growth, the growing of selenium energy stimulating plant, seed germination and raising improving activity of root system, promote absorption and the plant metabolism of nutrition, improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, strengthen plant biological antioxidation and the resistance to environment-stress, improve the disease-resistant anti-adversity ability of crops, and there is the effect of antagonism heavy metal.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the dragon fruit of the present invention's plantation have growth fast, produce that fruit is fast, flowers and fruits are very large, result is many, the receipts phase is long, sugar content up to more than 16%, high, the fruit phase dispersion of fruit matter good yield, the feature such as fruit storage tolerance.
2, biological organic fertilizer containing sugar and organic liquid active fertilizer are imposed on dragon fruit root by this implantation methods of implantation methods of the present invention, blade face and fruit, various sugary nutrient in biological organic fertilizer and organic liquid active fertilizer can be absorbed by crop leaf soon, directly enter plant corpus from blade, promote the progress making various physiology course in object, significantly improve intensity of photosynthesis, improve the activity of enzyme, promote organic synthesis, transform and transport, be conducive to the accumulation of dry matter, thus increase the sugar of dragon fruit, dragon fruit product are made to taste more sweet taste, increase mouthfeel, improve fruit quality, improve fruit yield.
3, cultivation method of the present invention adopts the advanced farming such as biological organic fertilizer, organic liquid active fertilizer, powder ridge machine, fertilizer and removes insect pest technology, not only effectively improve soil property environment, soil with organic matter is increased greatly, and adopt plant insecticide and botanical fungicide except insect pest technology, while guarantee nutrition, also serve good insecticidal effect.
4, the plant insecticide that adopts of the present invention and botanical fungicide form by herbaceous plant is refining, and abundant raw materials is easy to get, and production process is simple, and cost is low, and to people, animal, Crop securify, low toxicity is even nontoxic, environmentally safe, drug residue free; Also there is obvious getting fat, production-increasing function, simultaneously regulating crop growth, improve plant immune and degeneration-resistant in also have obvious effect.
5, blackstrap of the present invention, pig, cattle and sheep ight soil and probio mixed fermentation product improvement soil environment; suppress harmful microorganism; enrich beneficial microbe; form regenerative system; dissolved phosphorus, potassium, fixed nitrogen, make energy three-dimensional collect, and improve the undesirable property such as acid, alkali, sticky, husky and easy flood, easily drought of soil; promote pellet, improve water conservation and the permeability of soil.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Improve an implantation methods for dragon fruit sugar content, it is characterized in that: comprise wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the extermination of disease and insect pest step; And adopting biological organic fertilizer and organic liquid active fertilizer to apply fertilizer to dragon fruit, every plant executes 1kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 1kg rich selenium organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described biological organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be ecological sheep excrement 60-part, blackstrap 20 parts, paulownia bran 10 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5 parts, compound amino acid 5 parts, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 0.5 part;
The raw material that described organic liquid active fertilizer comprises following parts by weight is made: night soil 30, blackstrap 20 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 parts, 5 parts, potassium chloride, shitosan 5 parts, glucose 10 parts, ammonium humate 6 parts and sodium selenite 3 parts; Above-mentioned raw materials sealing and fermenting 5-10 days is obtained; By organic liquid active fertilizer during use: the part by weight of water is that 1:2 dilutes.
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with blackstrap, pig, cattle and sheep ight soil and probio mixed fermentation product improvement soil, and adopt Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, mixed fermentation product is spread on ground, utilizes the dark rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, select annual above aging, robust growth, cut without the rear fruit bearing shoot of adopting of damage by disease and insect, it is the seedling anvil of 25-30cm by its cutting back, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, take out inversion after soaking 1-2 minute with dilution 600 times of carbendazim solutions again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2-3 hour, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual 3-4 month field planting, during field planting, should first be placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be above the ground level 3 centimetres, can carry out field planting after waiting the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage to stablize;
Described trimming and finishing is: after dragon fruit field planting, pinching when stem grows to 1.5-1.8m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting grows to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and vegetative shoot is all dredged and goes, also will dredge buds all on vegetative shoot simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: to spread fertilizer over the fields before field planting after 1-3kg biological organic fertilizer as base manure bottom the cave dug, execute the biological organic fertilizer of Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, and coordinates and impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element; Dragon fruit plant is thanked and spends rear fruiting period drip irrigation organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Spend timely pruning to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease, find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to heap wax mealybug, two spotted spider mite, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, anthracnose, fusarium wilt; Use the insect pest of plant insecticide control dragon fruit, use botanical fungicide control dragon fruit disease.
Embodiment 2
Improve an implantation methods for dragon fruit sugar content, it is characterized in that: comprise wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the extermination of disease and insect pest step; And adopting biological organic fertilizer and organic liquid active fertilizer to apply fertilizer to dragon fruit, every plant executes 2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5kg rich selenium organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described biological organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be 70 parts, ecological sheep excrement, blackstrap 25 parts, paulownia bran 20 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 15 parts, compound amino acid 10 parts, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 3 parts;
The raw material that described organic liquid active fertilizer comprises following parts by weight is made: night soil 40, blackstrap 25 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 parts, 10 parts, potassium chloride, shitosan 8 parts, glucose 15 parts, ammonium humate 10 parts and sodium selenite 6 parts; Above-mentioned raw materials sealing and fermenting 5-10 days is obtained; By organic liquid active fertilizer during use: the part by weight of water is that 1:2 dilutes.
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with blackstrap, pig, cattle and sheep ight soil and probio mixed fermentation product improvement soil, and adopt Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, mixed fermentation product is spread on ground, utilizes the dark rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, select annual above aging, robust growth, cut without the rear fruit bearing shoot of adopting of damage by disease and insect, it is the seedling anvil of 25-30cm by its cutting back, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, take out inversion after soaking 1-2 minute with dilution 600 times of carbendazim solutions again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2-3 hour, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual 3-4 month field planting, during field planting, should first be placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be above the ground level 3 centimetres, can carry out field planting after waiting the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage to stablize;
Described trimming and finishing is: after dragon fruit field planting, pinching when stem grows to 1.5-1.8m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting grows to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and vegetative shoot is all dredged and goes, also will dredge buds all on vegetative shoot simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: to spread fertilizer over the fields before field planting after 1-3kg biological organic fertilizer as base manure bottom the cave dug, execute the biological organic fertilizer of Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, and coordinates and impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element; Dragon fruit plant is thanked and spends rear fruiting period drip irrigation organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Spend timely pruning to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease, find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to heap wax mealybug, two spotted spider mite, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, anthracnose, fusarium wilt; Use the insect pest of plant insecticide control dragon fruit, use botanical fungicide control dragon fruit disease.
Embodiment 3
Improve an implantation methods for dragon fruit sugar content, it is characterized in that: comprise wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the extermination of disease and insect pest step; And adopting biological organic fertilizer and organic liquid active fertilizer to apply fertilizer to dragon fruit, every plant executes 1.5kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.8kg rich selenium organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described biological organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be 65 parts, ecological sheep excrement, blackstrap 22 parts, paulownia bran 15 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 10 parts, compound amino acid 7 parts, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 2 parts;
The raw material that described organic liquid active fertilizer comprises following parts by weight is made: night soil 35, blackstrap 22 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 7 parts, 7 parts, potassium chloride, shitosan 6 parts, glucose 12 parts, ammonium humate 7 parts and sodium selenite 4 parts; Above-mentioned raw materials sealing and fermenting 5-10 days is obtained; By organic liquid active fertilizer during use: the part by weight of water is that 1:2 dilutes.
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with blackstrap, pig, cattle and sheep ight soil and probio mixed fermentation product improvement soil, and adopt Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, mixed fermentation product is spread on ground, utilizes the dark rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, select annual above aging, robust growth, cut without the rear fruit bearing shoot of adopting of damage by disease and insect, it is the seedling anvil of 25-30cm by its cutting back, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, take out inversion after soaking 1-2 minute with dilution 600 times of carbendazim solutions again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2-3 hour, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual 3-4 month field planting, during field planting, should first be placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be above the ground level 3 centimetres, can carry out field planting after waiting the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage to stablize;
Described trimming and finishing is: after dragon fruit field planting, pinching when stem grows to 1.5-1.8m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting grows to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and vegetative shoot is all dredged and goes, also will dredge buds all on vegetative shoot simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: to spread fertilizer over the fields before field planting after 1-3kg biological organic fertilizer as base manure bottom the cave dug, execute the biological organic fertilizer of Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, and coordinates and impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element; Dragon fruit plant is thanked and spends rear fruiting period drip irrigation organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Spend timely pruning to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease, find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to heap wax mealybug, two spotted spider mite, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, anthracnose, fusarium wilt; Use the insect pest of plant insecticide control dragon fruit, use botanical fungicide control dragon fruit disease.
Embodiment 4
Improve an implantation methods for dragon fruit sugar content, it is characterized in that: comprise wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the extermination of disease and insect pest step; And adopting biological organic fertilizer and organic liquid active fertilizer to apply fertilizer to dragon fruit, every plant executes 1.8kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.6kg rich selenium organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described biological organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be 68 parts, ecological sheep excrement, blackstrap 24 parts, paulownia bran 18 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 12 parts, compound amino acid 8 parts, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 1 part;
The raw material that described organic liquid active fertilizer comprises following parts by weight is made: night soil 36, blackstrap 24 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8 parts, 8 parts, potassium chloride, shitosan 7 parts, glucose 14 parts, ammonium humate 8 parts and sodium selenite 5 parts; Above-mentioned raw materials sealing and fermenting 5-10 days is obtained; By organic liquid active fertilizer during use: the part by weight of water is that 1:2 dilutes.
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with blackstrap, pig, cattle and sheep ight soil and probio mixed fermentation product improvement soil, and adopt Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, mixed fermentation product is spread on ground, utilizes the dark rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, select annual above aging, robust growth, cut without the rear fruit bearing shoot of adopting of damage by disease and insect, it is the seedling anvil of 25-30cm by its cutting back, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, take out inversion after soaking 1-2 minute with dilution 600 times of carbendazim solutions again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2-3 hour, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual 3-4 month field planting, during field planting, should first be placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be above the ground level 3 centimetres, can carry out field planting after waiting the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage to stablize;
Described trimming and finishing is: after dragon fruit field planting, pinching when stem grows to 1.5-1.8m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting grows to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and vegetative shoot is all dredged and goes, also will dredge buds all on vegetative shoot simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: to spread fertilizer over the fields before field planting after 1-3kg biological organic fertilizer as base manure bottom the cave dug, execute the biological organic fertilizer of Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, and coordinates and impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element; Dragon fruit plant is thanked and spends rear fruiting period drip irrigation organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Spend timely pruning to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease, find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to heap wax mealybug, two spotted spider mite, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, anthracnose, fusarium wilt; Use the insect pest of plant insecticide control dragon fruit, use botanical fungicide control dragon fruit disease.
The plantation information slip of table 1 dragon fruit:
| The place of production | Qinzhou City | Yulin City | Chongzuo City | Bose City |
| Output (per mu yield/jin) | 4352 | 4230 | 4520 | 4294 |
| Pol (%) | 17 | 18 | 16 | 18 |
| Parasitosis evil rate (%) | 13.0 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 13.8 |
Implantation methods per mu yield dragon fruit more than 4000 jin of the present invention, pol more than 16%, parasitosis evil rate less than 14%, remarkable in economical benefits.
Claims (6)
1. improve an implantation methods for dragon fruit sugar content, it is characterized in that: comprise wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the extermination of disease and insect pest step; And adopting biological organic fertilizer and organic liquid active fertilizer to apply fertilizer to dragon fruit, every plant executes 1-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5-1kg rich selenium organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described biological organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be ecological sheep excrement 60-70 part, blackstrap 20-25 part, paulownia bran 10-20 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 5-15 part, compound amino acid 5-10 part, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 0.5-3 part;
The raw material that described organic liquid active fertilizer comprises following parts by weight is made: night soil 30-40, blackstrap 20-25 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-10 part, potassium chloride 5-10 part, shitosan 5-8 part, glucose 10-15 part, ammonium humate 6-10 part and sodium selenite 3-6 part; Above-mentioned raw materials sealing and fermenting 5-10 days is obtained; By organic liquid active fertilizer during use: the part by weight of water is that 1:2 dilutes.
2. the implantation methods of raising dragon fruit sugar content according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with blackstrap, pig, cattle and sheep ight soil and probio mixed fermentation product improvement soil, and adopt Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, mixed fermentation product is spread on ground, utilizes the dark rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, select annual above aging, robust growth, cut without the rear fruit bearing shoot of adopting of damage by disease and insect, it is the seedling anvil of 25-30cm by its cutting back, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, take out inversion after soaking 1-2 minute with dilution 600 times of carbendazim solutions again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2-3 hour, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual 3-4 month field planting, during field planting, should first be placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be above the ground level 3 centimetres, can carry out field planting after waiting the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage to stablize;
Described trimming and finishing is: after dragon fruit field planting, pinching when stem grows to 1.5-1.8m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting grows to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and vegetative shoot is all dredged and goes, also will dredge buds all on vegetative shoot simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: to spread fertilizer over the fields before field planting after 1-3kg biological organic fertilizer as base manure bottom the cave dug, execute the biological organic fertilizer of Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, and coordinates and impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element; Dragon fruit plant is thanked and spends rear fruiting period drip irrigation organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Spend timely pruning to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease, find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to heap wax mealybug, two spotted spider mite, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, anthracnose, fusarium wilt; Use the insect pest of plant insecticide control dragon fruit, use botanical fungicide control dragon fruit disease.
3. the implantation methods of raising dragon fruit sugar content according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described probio is two or more in saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma or actinomycetes.
4. the implantation methods of raising dragon fruit sugar content according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the production method of described biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: by weight by ecological sheep excrement, blackstrap, paulownia bran, the peat composed of rotten mosses, compound amino acid, mix, obtain mixture; Add bacillus subtilis and/or the actinomycetes live bacteria agent of parts by weight in the mixture, control moisture at 35%-50%, mix, build heap, ferment 15-20 days at normal temperatures, can obtain biological organic fertilizer.
5. the implantation methods of raising dragon fruit sugar content according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material composition of described plant insecticide and parts by weight are: galangal 25-35 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, tobacco 10-15 part, lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) 5-10 part, ginkgo leaf 2-4 part, cloves 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
6. the implantation methods of raising dragon fruit sugar content according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material composition of described botanical fungicide and parts by weight are: macleaya cordata 25-35 part, kuh-seng 20-30 part, baeckea frutescen 10-15 part, Desmos chinensis 5-10 part, betel nut 5-10 part, stone-like omphalia 2-4 part, Sophora alopecuroide 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
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| CN109328921A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-15 | 横县生产力促进中心 | A kind of 1 year three planting of sweet corn method received |
| CN109328921B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2021-06-08 | 横县生产力促进中心 | Sweet corn planting method capable of achieving three harvests per year |
| CN110024611A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-19 | 海南大学 | A kind of betel nut alkali process improves the method and application of betel nut disease resistance |
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