CN110024611B - Method for improving disease resistance of betel nuts through arecoline treatment and application - Google Patents
Method for improving disease resistance of betel nuts through arecoline treatment and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110024611B CN110024611B CN201910437732.XA CN201910437732A CN110024611B CN 110024611 B CN110024611 B CN 110024611B CN 201910437732 A CN201910437732 A CN 201910437732A CN 110024611 B CN110024611 B CN 110024611B
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- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 235000008180 Piper betle Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 244000080767 Areca catechu Species 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 235000006226 Areca catechu Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000011419 induction treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving disease resistance of areca catechu by arecoline induction treatment, which comprises the steps of planting and seedling raising, seedling management and arecoline induction treatment, wherein the arecoline induction treatment step comprises the following steps: continuously spraying areca-nut alkali solution with the concentration of 200-1000 mu M on the leaf surface of areca-nut seedlings in any period of growth stage for 5-14 days. The method is simple and easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, and quick in effect, can improve the disease resistance of the betel nuts in a short time, and meanwhile, the medicine is a botanical medicine and has great significance for maintaining the continuous and healthy development of the betel nut industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of disease resistance of betel nuts, and particularly relates to a method for improving disease resistance of betel nuts through short-time betelnut alkali treatment.
Background
Areca (ArecacatechuL.) belongs to areca of palmaceae and has a stem which is upright, arborescent, 10-meter high and can reach 30 meters, obvious annular leaf marks, same plants of male and female, multiple branches of inflorescences, oblong ovaries, oblong fruits or egg-shaped seeds, egg-shaped seeds and 3-4 months of flower and fruit period, is a main economic crop in tropical regions of China, and has a main production area in the southern Hainan province and Taiwan regions. The areca is one of four south Chinese medicines (areca, amomum villosum, alpinia oxyphylla and morinda officinalis), and has wide medicinal range and high economic value. The areca is originally produced in Malaysia and is mainly distributed in southeast Asia, tropical regions of Asia, east Africa and parts of Europe, the Pacific region is mainly distributed in New Guinea of Babuya, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu and Mikroney Xia, the Areca is distributed in Pinapy Islands, Maryland Islands of America and Marshaer Islands in sporadic ways, and the Areca is planted in Hawaii Islands and is only used for appreciation. Hainan is the largest betel nut producing area in China, and accounts for 99% of the national yield (not counted in Taiwan); Gao-State and Rey-State in the east of Guangdong province also had distribution, but the growth was poor; the Guangxi, Fujian and Yunnan areas are used as ornamental trees and are also planted in a small quantity.
Areca catechu belongs to a warm-damp-heat type positive plant, and prefers a high-temperature and abundant-rainfall humid climate environment. The normal plants are scattered in the secondary forests of tropical season rain forests at the bottoms of low mountains and valleys, hills and feet, slope feet and plain creeks, and also grow in furrows and valleys rich in humus in a large scale, and grow in sparse forests and in sandy loam barren mountains with slight acidity to neutrality in large scales. The temperature is mainly distributed between 28 degrees of north and south latitude, the optimum temperature is 10-36 ℃, the minimum temperature is not lower than 10 ℃, and the maximum temperature is not higher than 40 ℃, thereby being very beneficial to the generation and harm of various diseases, insect pests and weeds. It is reported that diseases of the betel nuts abroad include anthracnose, yellow spot, leaf bacterial streak, dry rot, yellow leaf disease, root rot, leaf blight, epidemic diseases, fruit cluster blight, bud rot, algae spot, soot disease and the like, wherein main diseases include anthracnose, leaf spot, bacterial streak, dry rot and root rot, and main diseases of the betel nuts in Hainan province include the yellow spot, the anthracnose, the bacterial streak, the algae spot, the soot disease, the leaf spot, the root rot and the like.
Plant anthracnose is often caused by a number of pathogenic bacteria in parallel, such as rubber, mango anthracnose caused by colletotrichum gloeosporioides (c.gloeosporioides) and colletotrichum oxysporum (c.acutatum). It has been previously reported that anthracnose of betel nut can also be caused by colletotrichum gloeosporioides (c). Disease investigation and identification carried out in the former period of time show that coffee anthrax (C.kahawae) can also cause areca anthracnose. The anthrax pathogenic bacteria have strong ability of adapting to living, are generated in main betel nut growing areas of China, and are very serious in damage situation. In production, the disease is mainly prevented and controlled by agricultural measures, medicament prevention and control and other methods, and an effective prevention and control method is not available. Therefore, how to improve the disease resistance in a short period of time to reduce the influence of diseases on the betel nut industry and stably improve the economic benefit of the betel nut industry becomes a real problem to be solved in the continuous and healthy development of the betel nut industry.
Arecoline belongs to a class of alkaloids, is named as arecoline because it is mainly present in areca, is the alkaloid with the highest content in chemical substance components of the areca, reaches 0.3-0.63 percent, and is one of the main health-care and pharmacological active components of the areca. Arecoline is very soluble in water, methanol and ethanol. Arecoline can stimulate M receptor to compensate for deficiency of acetylcholine, promote body excitation, and improve learning and memory ability; the arecoline has the effects of increasing salivary gland secretion under a certain dosage, facilitating digestion and promoting the normalization of gastrointestinal movement; arecoline also has effects of resisting atherosclerosis and thrombosis; in addition, the arecoline has an inhibitory effect on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, salmonella gallinarum and the like, and the research on the inhibitory effect on fungi microorganisms is not reported.
How to further improve the disease resistance of the betel nuts and enable the betel nuts to be well planted under the condition of relevant environmental stress is a hot spot of current research. At present, no method for rapidly improving the disease resistance of the betel nuts exists, so that the treatment of the betel nuts by utilizing exogenous substances has great significance for improving the disease resistance of the betel nuts and maintaining the continuous and healthy development of the betel nut industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the disease resistance of plants, in particular to a method for improving the disease resistance of areca catechu by arecoline induction treatment. The method is simple and easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, and quick in effect, can improve the disease resistance of the betel nuts in a short time, and has great significance for maintaining the continuous and healthy development of the betel nut industry.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the inventor creatively utilizes the exogenous substance arecoline to induce and treat areca seedlings, thereby obtaining a method for improving the disease resistance of areca in a short time. Specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving disease resistance of areca catechu by arecoline induction treatment comprises the steps of planting and seedling raising, seedling management and arecoline induction treatment, wherein the arecoline induction treatment step comprises the following steps: continuously spraying areca-nut alkali solution with the concentration of 200-1000 mu M on the leaf surface of areca-nut seedlings in any period of growth stage for 5-14 days.
Further preferably, the method for improving disease resistance of areca catechu by arecoline induction treatment as described above, wherein the height of areca catechu seedlings when the spraying of the arecoline solution to the leaf surfaces is started is 20-30 cm.
Further preferably, the method for improving disease resistance of areca catechu by arecoline induction treatment as described above, wherein the continuous spraying of the arecoline solution is performed for 6-8 days, 2 times per day.
Still further preferably, the method for improving disease resistance of betel nut by arecoline induction treatment as described above, wherein the planting and seedling raising step comprises:
(1) seed selection: selecting plants which grow for 15-30 years and have normal fruiting without plant diseases and insect pests, wherein each plant has no less than 300 fruits, no less than 3 fruit supports, more than 8 leaves and shorter internodes at the upper part of a stem, and selecting golden mature fruits with oval and elliptical fruit shapes as seeds;
(2) accelerating germination: drying the fruits in the sun for 1-2 days, then accelerating germination in a ventilated room, paving 1 layer of 10cm fine sand on the ground, drenching the water thoroughly, stacking the fruits with the height of 15-20cm, covering the fruits with 4-6cm thick straws, drenching the water for 1 time for 2-3 days, and picking out the germinated seeds for seedling culture;
(3) seedling culture: selecting black seedling-raising pots with the diameter of 12cm and the height of 15cm and 4 small holes leaking from the bottoms of the black seedling-raising pots for raising seedlings in nutrient bags, adding nutrient soil and compound fertilizer, occupying 4/5 bags, then adding river sand to fill the bags, placing 1 seed for sprouting in each bag, enabling the seed sprout point to be upward, drenching, keeping moist, and controlling the temperature of a seedling-raising room to be 29-30 ℃ and cool in the shade.
Further preferably, the method for improving disease resistance of areca catechu by arecoline induction treatment is characterized in that the nutrient soil is prepared by uniformly mixing surface soil, red loam and decomposed cow dung in a ratio of 1:1: 1.
Further preferably, the arecoline induction treatment method for improving disease resistance of areca as described above, wherein the raising of seedlings is performed during early spring of early 3 months to late spring of late 4 months.
Still further preferably, the method for improving disease resistance of betel nut by arecoline induction treatment as described above, wherein the seedling management step comprises: watering 300-; watering for 200 plus 500L/mu in 30-90 days, removing the grass once a month, and applying 25-40 kg of compound fertilizer every mu every 15 days.
Experiments in the present invention show that by continuously spraying areca-nut alkali solution of different concentrations in 200-1000 μ M (molar mass concentration, i.e. 31.038-155.19mg arecoline per liter of water) for a short period of time (7 days), it was found that the treated areca-nut material was more disease resistant than the untreated areca-nut material. Specifically, after inoculating coffee anthrax (c.kahawae) for 10 days, the lesion diameter is counted and found: the average lesion diameter of the blank control group is about 1.3cm, the lesion diameter after treatment with low-concentration arecoline solution is about 1.1cm and 0.9cm respectively, namely the molecular mass concentration is 31.038-155.19mg arecoline per liter of water, the lesion diameter after treatment with 1000 mu M arecoline solution is about 4/5 of the blank control group, and the variance analysis shows that the difference has statistical significance. Based on the research results, the invention also provides the application of the arecoline in improving the disease resistance of the areca in a short time, wherein the disease resistance is the anti-anthracnose performance. Further preferably, the anthrax is anthrax caused by coffee anthrax pathogen.
Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the disease resistance of the betel nut by the arecoline induction treatment has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the arecoline is specific to the tropical crop areca, and the natural substance contained in the areca is utilized to inhibit the growth of coffee anthrax pathogenic bacteria, so that pesticide or compound residue is not caused, and the composition of the natural substance contained in the areca is not changed, thereby having important significance.
(2) The method is simple and easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate and obvious in effect, can improve the disease resistance of the betel nuts in a short time, and has great significance for maintaining the continuous and healthy development of the betel nut industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of betel nut on the resistance of betel nut to anthrax bacteria after 7 days of continuous application of different concentrations of betel nut aqueous solution for induction treatment.
Detailed Description
Advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are exemplary only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
Example 1: experiment for influence of arecoline induction treatment on areca gangrene disease
1. Planting plants:
(1) seed selection: the areca nut stock tree should be selected from plants which grow for 15-30 years, have normal fruiting without plant diseases and insect pests, have no less than 300 fruiting plants per plant, have no less than 3 fruit trays, more than 8 leaves and have short internodes at the upper part of the stem. The second and third fruit is selected as suitable. The ripe fruit is preferably oval or elliptical, and the ripe fruit is preferably golden yellow.
(2) Accelerating germination: after the fruits are picked, the fruits are placed in the sun and dried for 1-2 days, and then germination is performed. In a ventilated room, spreading 1 layer of 10cm fine sand on the ground, thoroughly watering, accumulating fruits with a height of 15-20cm, covering with 5cm thick straw, and watering for 1 time 2-3 d.
(3) Seedling culture: and selecting a black seedling pot with the caliber of 12cm, the height of 15cm and 4 small holes leaking from the bottom to carry out nutrition bag seedling culture. Uniformly mixing nutrient soil according to the proportion of 1:1:1 of surface soil, laterite and decomposed cattle manure, adding a compound fertilizer, wherein the nutrient soil accounts for 4/5 bags, then filling river sand into the bags until the bags are full, placing 1 germinated seed in each bag, enabling the bud point of each seed to be upward, thoroughly spraying water, keeping the seeds moist, and controlling the temperature of a seedling raising room to be 30 ℃ and cool in the shade. Planting was performed in early spring (early 3 months) and late spring (late 4 months).
2. Seedling stage management:
watering every 667m at the early stage of seedling culture2Watering for 300-600L, and keeping the ground dry; 30 days before seedling, each 667m2Watering for 300-; 30-90 days, each 667m2Watering for 200-500L. And the grass is removed once a month, and each 667m every 15 days2Applying 25-40 kg of compound fertilizer.
3. Arecoline induction treatment:
areca catechu seedlings which normally grow for 90 days are 20-30cm high and grow uniformly in a 3-leaf stage, and are averagely divided into three parts, wherein the first part is sprayed with clear water for 7 days, the second part is sprayed with 200 mu M arecoline (the molar mass concentration is 31.038mg arecoline in each liter of water) solution for 7 days, and the third part is sprayed with 1000 mu M arecoline (the molar mass concentration is 155.19mg arecoline in each liter of water) solution for 7 days. Spraying each group for 2 times/day, inoculating coffee anthrax (C.kahawae) to the three parts of materials for stabbing the three parts of materials the next day after the spraying is finished, and observing and counting the diameter of the lesion.
By continuously spraying areca-nut alkali solution with different concentrations of 200-1000 μ M (molar mass concentration, namely 31.038-155.19mg arecoline per liter of water) for treatment in the short time (7 days), the treated areca-nut material is found to be more disease-resistant than the untreated areca-nut material. As shown in fig. 1, 10 days after inoculation of coffee anthrax (c.kahawae), lesion diameter was counted and found: the average lesion diameter of the control group is about 1.3cm, the lesion diameter after treatment with low-concentration arecoline solution of 200-1000 μ M (molar mass concentration, namely containing 31.038-155.19mg of arecoline per liter of water) is about 1.1cm and 0.9cm respectively, the lesion diameter after treatment with 1000 μ M arecoline solution (molar mass concentration, namely containing 155.19mg of arecoline per liter of water) is about 4/5 of the control group, and the variance analysis achieves remarkable difference. Shows that the treatment of arecoline can improve the resistance of areca to coffee anthrax.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving disease resistance of areca catechu by arecoline induction treatment, wherein the disease resistance is the performance of anthracnose resistance, and the anthracnose is caused by coffee anthracnose pathogen, is characterized by comprising the steps of planting and seedling raising, seedling stage management and arecoline induction treatment, wherein the arecoline induction treatment step comprises the following steps: continuously spraying areca-nut alkali solution with the concentration of 200-1000 mu M on the leaf surface of areca-nut seedlings in any period of growth stage for 5-14 days.
2. The method for improving disease resistance of betel nut by arecoline induction treatment according to claim 1, wherein the height of betel nut seedlings when the betel nut aqueous solution is sprayed to the leaf surfaces is 20-30 cm.
3. The method for improving disease resistance of betel nut by arecoline induction treatment according to claim 1, wherein the continuous spraying of the arecoline solution is performed for 6-8 days, 2 times per day.
4. The method for improving disease resistance of betel nut by arecoline induction treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the planting and seedling raising step comprises:
(1) seed selection: selecting plants which grow for 15-30 years and have normal fruiting without plant diseases and insect pests, wherein each plant has no less than 300 fruits, no less than 3 fruit supports, more than 8 leaves and shorter internodes at the upper part of a stem, and selecting golden mature fruits with oval and elliptical fruit shapes as seeds;
(2) accelerating germination: drying the fruits in the sun for 1-2 days, then accelerating germination in a ventilated room, paving 1 layer of 10cm fine sand on the ground, drenching the water thoroughly, stacking the fruits with the height of 15-20cm, covering the fruits with 4-6cm thick straws, drenching the water for 1 time for 2-3 days, and picking out the germinated seeds for seedling culture;
(3) seedling culture: selecting black seedling-raising bags with the diameter of 12cm and the height of 15cm and 4 small holes leaking from the bottoms of the bags for seedling raising in the nutrition bags, adding nutrient soil and compound fertilizer, occupying 4/5 bags, then adding river sand to fill the bags, placing 1 seed for sprouting in each bag, enabling the seed sprout point to be upward, drenching, keeping the humidity, and controlling the temperature of a seedling-raising room to be 29-30 ℃ and cool in the shade.
5. The method for improving disease resistance of betel nut through arecoline induction treatment according to claim 4, wherein the nutrient soil is prepared by uniformly mixing surface soil, laterite and decomposed cow dung in a ratio of 1:1: 1.
6. The method for improving disease resistance of betel nut by arecoline induction treatment according to claim 4, wherein the seedling raising is performed during early spring of early 3 months to late spring of late 4 months.
7. The method for improving disease resistance of betel nut by induction treatment of arecoline according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said seedling management step comprises: watering 300-; watering for 200 plus 500L/mu in 30-90 days, removing the grass once a month, and applying 25-40 kg of compound fertilizer every mu every 15 days.
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| CN105104046A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-02 | 海南大学 | Method of melatonin induction processing for improving resistance to rice bacterial leaf blight |
| CN105210736A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-01-06 | 海南大学 | A kind of spermine induction process improves the method for rice bacterial blight resistance and blast resisting |
| CN105494012A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-20 | 广西绿希望农业发展有限公司 | Planting method capable of increasing sugar content of Hylocereus undulatus Britt |
| CN105613172A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-06-01 | 广西绿希望农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of selenium-rich mangoes |
| CN108848975A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-23 | 海南大学 | A kind of method that beet alkali process improves cassava disease resistance |
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| CN105104046A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-02 | 海南大学 | Method of melatonin induction processing for improving resistance to rice bacterial leaf blight |
| CN105210736A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-01-06 | 海南大学 | A kind of spermine induction process improves the method for rice bacterial blight resistance and blast resisting |
| CN105494012A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-20 | 广西绿希望农业发展有限公司 | Planting method capable of increasing sugar content of Hylocereus undulatus Britt |
| CN105613172A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-06-01 | 广西绿希望农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of selenium-rich mangoes |
| CN108848975A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-23 | 海南大学 | A kind of method that beet alkali process improves cassava disease resistance |
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| 槟榔中槟榔碱体外抑菌活性的研究;罗士数等;《农产品加工》;20100930(第9期);第47-50页 * |
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