TWI443826B - 具有整合蕭特基二極體(Schottky diode)之高密度溝槽場效電晶體及其製造方法 - Google Patents

具有整合蕭特基二極體(Schottky diode)之高密度溝槽場效電晶體及其製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI443826B
TWI443826B TW096109324A TW96109324A TWI443826B TW I443826 B TWI443826 B TW I443826B TW 096109324 A TW096109324 A TW 096109324A TW 96109324 A TW96109324 A TW 96109324A TW I443826 B TWI443826 B TW I443826B
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Ashok Challa
Bruce Douglas Marchant
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Description

具有整合蕭特基二極體(Schottky diode)之高密度溝槽場效電晶體及其製造方法 相關申請案之交互參照
本申請案與共同轉讓的美國專利申請案第11/026,276號(申請日:2004年12月29日)有關,其揭示內容併入本文作為參考資料用於所有目的。
發明領域
大體而言,本發明有關於半導體功率元件技術,特別是有關於用於形成單晶體整合溝槽式閘極場效電晶體(FET)及蕭特基二極體的結構與方法。
發明背景
在現今的電子裝置中,使用多種電源供應範圍是常見的。例如,在有些應用系統中,中央處理單元係經設計成可取決於計算負載在特定時間以不同的供給電壓操作。結果,電子裝置的直流/直流轉換器已在激增以滿足電路對於電源供應範圍加大的需要。常見的直流/直流轉換器使用通常以功率MOSFET實作的高效率開關。功率開關係經控制成可使用例如脈衝寬度調變(PWM)法來輸送調節過的能量給負載。
第1圖為習知直流/直流轉換器的電路示意圖。PWM控制器100驅動一對功率MOSFET Q1與Q2的閘極端子以調節輸送給負載的電量。MOSFET開關Q2在電路中是用作同步整流器。為了避免突穿電流(shoot-through current),兩個開關其中之一在被開啟之前兩個必須同時關閉。在”無電流時間”期間,每一MOSFET開關的內部二極體(通常被稱作本體二極體(body diode))可導電。可惜本體二極體有相對高正向電壓而會浪費能量。為了改善電路的轉換效率,常外加與MOSFET(Q2)本體二極體並聯的蕭特基二極體102。由於蕭特基二極體有比本體二極體低的正向電壓,因此蕭特基二極體102可有效取代MOSFET本體二極體。以致正向電壓較低的蕭特基二極體可改善耗電量。
多年來,蕭特基二極體係實作於MOSFET開關封裝體外。最近,有些製造商導入離散型蕭特基二極體和離散型功率MOSFET元件一起封裝的產品。也已出現功率MOSFET與蕭特基二極體的單晶體實作。第2圖的例子為習知單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體。蕭特基二極體210形成於外圍被溝槽MOSFET單元包圍的兩個溝槽200-3、200-4之間。N型基板202形成蕭特基二極體210的陰極端子和溝槽MOSFET的汲極端子。導電層218提供二極體陽極端子而且也用作MOSFET單元的源極互連層。溝槽200-1、200-2、200-3、200-4及200-5內的閘極在第三維度連接在一起且一起被驅動。溝槽MOSFET單元包含具有源極區212和重度本體區(heavy body region)214於其中的本體區208。
第2圖的蕭特基二極體係穿插於溝槽MOSFET單元之間。結果,蕭特基二極體會用掉相當部份的有效面積,導致有較低的電流額定值(current rating)或較大的晶粒尺寸。因此,亟須有優異性能特性且以單晶體及密集整合而成的蕭特基二極體及溝槽閘極FET。
發明概要
根據本發明之一具體實施例,一種單晶體整合溝槽式FET及蕭特基二極體包含一對結尾於第一導電型第一矽區的溝槽。兩個用第一導電型第二矽區隔開的第二導電型本體區均位於該對溝槽之間。一第一導電型源極區位於各個本體區上方。一接觸開孔(contact opening)在該對溝槽之間延伸成有低於該等源極區的深度。一互連層填滿該接觸開孔以便電氣接觸該等源極區與該第二矽區。在該互連層與該第二矽區電氣接觸處,形成一蕭特基接觸(Schottky contact)。
在一具體實施例中,該第一矽區有比該第二矽區高的摻雜濃度。
在另一具體實施例中,各個本體區在對應源極區與該第一矽區之間垂直延伸,而且該互連層與該第二矽區在深至該等本體區之下半段的地方電氣接觸。
在另一具體實施例中,該兩個本體區各具有大體均勻的摻雜濃度。
在另一具體實施例中,在該對溝槽之間形成一第二導電型重度本體區使得該重度本體區電氣接觸各該兩個本體區與該第二矽區。
在另一具體實施例中,該兩個本體區、該等源極區、以及該重度本體區均與該對溝槽自對準。
在另一具體實施例中,該兩個本體區與該第二矽區大體有相同的深度。
根據本發明另一具體實施例,以下形成一種單晶體整合溝槽式FET及蕭特基二極體。形成兩個溝槽延伸通過一上矽層且在一下矽層內結尾。該等上、下矽層有第一導電型,而且該上矽層在該下矽層上方延伸。在該對溝槽之間的該上矽層內形成第二導電型的第一及第二矽區。在該對溝槽之間形成一伸入該第一及該第二矽區的第一導電型第三矽區使得該第一及該第二矽區的其餘下半部形成兩個以該上矽層之一部份隔開的本體區。進行矽蝕刻(silicon etch)以形成一延伸通過該第一矽區的接觸開孔藉此保留該第一矽區的外部。該第一矽區的外部係形成數個源極區。形成一填滿該接觸開孔的互連層以便電氣接觸該等源極區與該上矽層之該部份。在該互連層與該第二矽區電氣接觸處,形成一蕭特基接觸。
在一具體實施例中,該下矽層有比該上矽層高的摻雜濃度。
在另一具體實施例中,使該互連層與該上矽層之該部份在深度低於該等源極區的地方電氣接觸。
在另一具體實施例中,每一該第一區及該第二區有大體均勻的摻雜濃度。
在另一具體實施例中,在該對溝槽之間形成一第二導電型重度本體區。該重度本體區係延伸進入該兩個本體區且進入該上矽層之該部份。
在另一具體實施例中,該兩個本體區、該等源極區、以及該重度本體區均與該對溝槽自對準。
參考本專利說明書其餘部份及附圖可進一步理解本文所揭示之本發明的本質與優點。
圖式簡單說明
第1圖為習知使用有蕭特基二極體之功率MOSFET的直流/直流轉換器的電路示意圖;第2圖為習知單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體的橫截面圖;第3圖的示範簡化等角視圖係根據本發明之一具體實施例圖示條狀單元(stripe-shaped cell)陣列中之一部份,其中各有溝槽MOSFET和整合於其中的蕭特基二極體;第4圖為第3圖沿著重度本體區326繪出的橫截面圖;第5圖的簡化橫截面圖係根據本發明之一具體實施例圖示第3圖及第4圖中之重度本體區的替代實作;第6A圖至第6F圖的簡化橫截面圖係根據本發明之一具體實施例圖示用於形成第3圖單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體的示範製程順序;以及,第7A圖至第7C圖係圖示有3種不同凹洞深度(dimple depth)之單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體結構的模擬突崩電流線(simulated avalanche current flow lines)。
較佳實施例之詳細說明
根據本發明的具體實施例,在單元陣列中,多次重覆以最佳方式把蕭特基二極體和溝槽MOSFET整合於單一單元內。整合蕭特基二極體所犧牲的有效面積為零到最低程度,但蕭特基二極體的總面積大到足以百分之百處理二極體的正向導電。因此,MOSFET本體二極體永不開啟,這可排除反向恢復的損耗。此外,由於蕭特基二極體有比MOSFET本體二極體低的正向壓降,因此可降低功率損耗。
此外,蕭特基二極體與MOSFET的整合係使得蕭特基接觸在MOSFET源極區的下面形成。這有利於使突崩電流由該等源極區轉移到蕭特基區,可防止寄生雙極電晶體(parasitic bipolar transistor)打開。因此,能改善裝置的耐用度。本發明此一特徵在極大程度上也排除對於重度本體區的需要,而先前技術結構的每一MOSFET單元通常需要重度本體區用來防止寄生雙極電晶體打開。重度本體區的島體反而以間歇方式加上且彼此遠離僅僅為了確保源極金屬與本體區有良好的接觸。本質上,在極大程度上用蕭特基二極體取代在先前技術溝槽MOSFET中是必要的重度本體區。因此,不需分配額外的矽面積給蕭特基二極體。
第3圖的示範簡化等角視圖係根據本發明之一具體實施例圖示條狀單元陣列中之一部份,其中各有溝槽MOSFET和整合於其中的蕭特基二極體。重度摻雜N型(N+)區302覆蓋在N型矽基板上(未圖示),該N型矽基板已有比N+區302高出很多的摻雜濃度(N++)。多個溝槽304在N+區302內延伸至預定深度。各溝槽304內嵌入一遮蔽電極(shield electrode)305與一上覆閘極308。在一具體實施例中,遮蔽電極305與閘極308由多晶矽構成。極間介電質(inter-electrode dielectric)310使得該閘極與遮蔽電極彼此絕緣。遮蔽介電層312覆蓋各溝槽304的下側壁及底部,且使遮蔽電極305與周遭的N+區302絕緣。比遮蔽介電質(shield dielectric)312薄些的閘極介電質316覆蓋溝槽304的上側壁。介電質蓋體(dielectric cap)314在各閘極308上方延伸。在一具體實施例中,遮蔽電極305沿著第三維度與源極區電氣連接,且因而在操作期間被偏壓成與該等源極區有相同的電位。在其他具體實施例中,遮蔽電極305沿著第三維度電氣受制於(或允許浮動)閘極308。
配置兩個以輕度摻雜N型(N-)區320隔開的P型本體區318於每兩個相鄰溝槽304之間。各本體區318沿著一個溝槽側壁延伸。在圖示於附圖及揭示於本文的各種具體實施例中,本體區318與N-區320有大體相同的深度,不過本體區318可比N-區320稍微淺些或深些,這對裝置操作不會有明顯的影響。配置一重度摻雜N型源極區322於各個本體區318正上方。源極區322垂直重疊於閘極308,且由於有形成接觸開孔的凹洞324而有圓弧狀外形。在對應源極區322的下面,各凹洞324在每兩個相鄰溝槽之間延伸。如圖示,源極區322與本體區318一起形成凹洞324的圓形側壁,且N-區320是沿著凹洞324底部延伸。在一具體實施例中,N+區302為一N+磊晶層,而且N-區320均為有數個本體區318及源極區322形成於其中之N-磊晶層的部份。當MOSFET 300被開啟時,各本體區318中沿著溝槽側壁在各個源極區322與重度摻雜區302之間形成垂直通道。
蕭特基屏蔽金屬層(Schottky barrier metal)330(第3圖中被揭開以暴露底下的區域)會填滿凹洞324且在介電質蓋體314上方延伸。蕭特基屏蔽金屬層330係沿著凹洞324底部與N-區320電氣接觸,從而形成蕭特基接觸。蕭特基屏蔽金屬層330也用來作為在上面的源極互連,電氣接觸源極區322與重度本體區326。
在反向偏壓期間,在各本體/N-接面形成的空乏區有利地併入N-區320從而使在蕭特基接觸下方的N-區320完全空乏。這可排除蕭特基洩露電流,接著可用功函數較低的屏蔽金屬。因此,蕭特基二極體可得到更低的正向電壓。
如圖示,重度本體區326的島體是沿著單元條帶間歇地形成。重度本體區326延伸通過N-區320。這在第4圖會更清楚,第4圖為第3圖沿著重度本體區326繪出的橫截面圖。第4圖的橫截面圖在極大程度上與沿著第3圖等角視圖正面繪出的橫截面圖相似,除了第4圖中在每兩個相鄰溝槽之間的兩個源極區用一延伸通過N-區320的連續重度本體區326取代。重度本體區326提供源極金屬330與本體區318之間的歐姆接觸。由於重度本體區326延伸通過N-區320,所以不會有蕭特基二極體形成於該等區域。在該等區域中也不會有MOSFET電流,因為沒有源極區。
第5圖的簡化橫截面圖係根據本發明之一具體實施例圖示第3圖及第4圖中之重度本體區的替代實作。第5圖中,重度本體區526只沿著各凹洞524的底部部份延伸使得源極區522保持原樣。因此,MOSFET電流不會在這些區域中流動,但重度本體區526可防止蕭特基屏蔽金屬層430與N-區310接觸從而在該等區域中不會形成蕭特基二極體。
請再參考第3圖,間歇放置重度本體區326的方式不同於重度本體區是沿著單元條帶全長於兩個相鄰源極區之間延伸的習知實作(如第2圖的先前技術結構)。由於有蕭特基二極體與溝槽MOSFET整合的方式,所以第3圖的結構不需要連續的重度本體區。由第3圖可見,藉由使凹洞324在源極區322下充分延伸,同樣可源極區322下形成蕭特基接觸。如以下結合第7A圖至第7C圖所做更完整的描述,藉由配置蕭特基接觸於源極區322正下方,使突崩電流由源極區322轉移到蕭特基區,從而可防止寄生雙極電晶體打開。這可排除通常在先前技術結構中為必需沿著單元條帶配置連續重度本體區的需要。重度本體區326的島體反而以間歇方式加上且彼此遠離僅僅為了確保源極金屬330與本體區318有良好的接觸。藉由在極大程度上用蕭特基區取代連續重度本體區,不需分配額外的矽面積給蕭特基二極體。因此,整合蕭特基二極體不用犧牲矽面積。
在一些具體實施例中,沿著條帶安排重度本體區326的頻率則視裝置切換上的要求而定。對於切換較快的裝置,沿著條帶安排重度本體區的頻率較高。對於該等裝置,可能需要額外的矽面積分配給蕭特基二極體(例如,藉由增加單元間距)。對於切換較慢的裝置,沿著條帶需要較少的重度本體區。對於該等裝置,安排重度本體區於條帶各端可能就夠,從而使蕭特基二極體面積最大化。
第6A圖至第6F圖的簡化橫截面圖係根據本發明之一具體實施例圖示用於形成第3圖整合MOSFET-蕭特基結構的示範製程順序。第6A圖中,使用習知技術形成覆蓋著矽基板(未圖示)的兩個磊晶層602與620。屬於輕度摻雜N型層(N-)的磊晶層620是在重度摻雜N型層(N+)的磊晶層620上方延伸。形成、圖樣化及蝕刻一硬遮罩(例如,由氧化物組成)以形成硬遮罩島體601於N-磊晶層620上方。從而,通過由硬遮罩島體601界定的開孔606暴露出N-磊晶層620的表面積。在一具體實施例中,界定溝槽寬度的開孔606各約為0.3微米,而且各硬遮罩島體601的寬度是在0.4至0.8微米的範圍內。這些尺寸係界定單元(MOSFET及蕭特基二極體形成於其中)的間距。影響該等尺寸的因子包括微影設備的性能和設計及性能目標。
第6B圖中,使用習知矽蝕刻技術,通過開孔606藉由蝕刻矽來形成在N-磊晶層620內結尾的溝槽603。在一具體實施例中,溝槽603有約1微米的深度。然後,使用習知選擇性磊晶成長(SEG)製程在各個溝槽603內成長重度摻雜P型(P+)矽區618A。在一具體實施例中,P+矽區618A大約有5x1017 厘米-3 的摻雜濃度。在另一具體實施例中,在形成P+區618之前,形成一覆蓋溝槽608側壁及底部的高品質矽薄層。該薄矽層係用來作為適合成長P+矽的無瑕矽表面。
第6C圖中,進行擴散製程以使P+區618A內的p型摻雜物擴散至N-磊晶層620。因而,形成在硬遮罩島體601下側向延伸且向下延伸至N-磊晶層620的向外擴散之P+區618B。可進行多次熱循環以達成想要的外擴散。第6C圖中的點線圖示溝槽603的輪廓。此一擴散製程,以及製程中其他的熱循環會導致N+磊晶層602向上擴散。在選定N-磊晶層620厚度時,需要考慮到N+磊晶層602的向上擴散。
第6D圖中,使用硬遮罩島體601,進行深溝槽蝕刻製程以形成延伸通過P+區618B及N-磊晶層620、在N+磊晶層602中結尾的溝槽604。在一具體實施例中,溝槽604約有2微米的深度。該溝槽蝕刻製程切斷且移除各P+矽區618B的中央部份,留下沿著溝槽側壁延伸、垂直在外的P+長條618C。
在本發明另一具體實施例中,P+長條618C都用二回合斜向植入(two-pass angled implant)形成,而不是以第6B圖至第6D圖圖示的SEG技術,隨後會加以描述。第6B圖中,在通過遮罩開孔606形成溝槽603後,使用習知二回合斜向植入技術將諸如硼之類的P型摻雜物植入相對的溝槽側壁。硬遮罩島體604用來作為植入製程期間的堵塞結構以防止植入離子進入平台區(mesa region)且使植入離子的位置局限於N-磊晶層620中想要的區域。為了得到第6D圖的結構,在二回合斜向植入後,進行第二次溝槽蝕刻以使溝槽603的深度延伸至N+磊晶層602。在一變體中,只做一回溝槽蝕刻(而不是二回合)如下。第6B圖中,使用硬遮罩島體601,進行溝槽蝕刻以形成溝槽能伸入N+磊晶層602約有與第6D圖溝槽604一樣的深度。然後,進行二回合斜向植入以植入P型摻雜物至相對的溝槽側壁。調整植入角度與硬遮罩島體601的厚度以界定要接受植入離子的上溝槽側壁區。
第6E圖中,使用習知技術在溝槽604中形成遮蔽閘極結構。形成覆蓋溝槽604下側壁及底部的遮蔽介電質612。然後,形成填滿溝槽604下半部的遮蔽電極605。然後,形成極間介電層610於遮蔽電極605上方。然後形成覆蓋上溝槽側壁的閘極介電質616。在一具體實施例中,閘極介電質616是在階段的較早階段中形成。形成填滿溝槽604上半部的凹陷閘極608。介電質蓋體區614在閘極608上方延伸且填滿溝槽604的其餘部份。
接下來,將N型摻雜物植入所有露出的矽區,接著是驅入擴散製程(drive in process),藉此形成N+區622A。在形成N+區622A時,作用區不使用遮罩。如第6E圖所示,與形成遮蔽閘極結構及N+區622A有關的各種熱循環使得P型區618C向外擴散從而形成較寬且較高的本體區618D。如前述,該等熱循環也使N+磊晶層602向上擴散,如第6E圖所示。重要的是要確保在完成製程後,在每兩個相鄰溝槽之間的兩個本體區仍然分開且不會合併,否則蕭特基二極體會被排除。設計該製程的另一目標是要確保N-磊晶層620與本體區618D在製程完成後有大體相同的深度,然而深度稍有不同對於裝置的操作不會有致命傷害。達成該等目標可藉由調整製程步驟數目及參數,包括熱循環、第一溝槽凹陷的深度(第6B圖)、以及各區的摻雜濃度,包括本體區、N-磊晶層區、以及N+磊晶層區。
第6F圖中,作用區中不使用遮罩,進行凹洞蝕刻製程以蝕穿N+區622A藉此保留N+區622A的外部622B。留下的外部622A會形成源極區。從而,在每兩個相鄰溝槽之間形成凹洞624。凹洞624會形成在源極區622B上延伸且進入N-區620的接觸開孔。本揭示內容所用的”凹洞蝕刻”係指導致形成有斜度圓弧外形之矽區(如第6F圖中之源極區622B)的矽蝕刻技術。在一具體實施例中,該等凹洞向下延伸至本體區618D的下半段內。如前述,較深的凹洞導致在該等源極區下面形成蕭特基接觸。這有助於使反向突崩電流由源極轉向,從而防止寄生雙極電晶體打開。儘管上述凹洞蝕刻在作用區中不需要遮罩,在一替代具體實施例中,使用一遮罩以在N+區622A界定蝕穿至想要深度的中央部份。因此可保留N+區622A在該遮罩下面延伸的外部。該等外部區係形成該等源極區。
使用遮罩層,將P型摻雜物植入以間歇方式沿著各條帶的凹洞區。從而,在每兩個相鄰溝槽之間形成重度本體區(未圖示)的島體。如果想要第4圖的重度本體實作,在重度本體植入期間要用夠高劑量的P型摻雜物以便反向摻雜(counter-dope)待形成為重度本體區的源極區部份。如果想要第5圖的重度本體實作,在重度本體植入期間要用較低劑量的使得該等源極區不被反向摻雜從而保持原樣。
第6F圖中,可用習知技術在結構上方形成蕭特基屏蔽金屬層630。蕭特基屏蔽金屬層630填滿凹洞624,且在金屬630與N-區620電氣接觸處,形成一蕭特基二極體。金屬層630也使源極區622B與重度本體區接觸。
在以第6A圖至第6F圖圖示的製程順序中,兩個所用之遮罩都不需有高標準的對齊。結果,整合MOSFET-蕭特基結構有許多垂直及水平自對準特徵。此外,上述製程具體實施例使得減少通道長度成為有可能。習知製程係使用植入及驅入技術以形成該等本體區。此種技術導致通道區中有錐狀摻雜外形以致需要較長的通道長度。相比之下,上述選擇性磊晶成長與二回合斜向植入用於形成本體區的替代技術在通道區中可提供均勻的摻雜外形,從而可使用較短的通道長度。從而,可改善裝置的接通電阻(on-resistance)。
此外,使用雙磊晶結構可提供能優化崩潰電壓及通電阻同時保持緊密控制MOSFET臨界電壓(Vth)的設計彈性。藉由在N-磊晶層618中形成本體區618,與N+磊晶層602相比,摻雜濃度一致性及可預測性會更高,而可實現MOSFET臨界電壓(Vth)的緊密控制。在摻雜濃度可預測的下,在背景區中形成本體區使得更緊密地控制臨界電壓成為有可能。另一方面,就相同的崩潰電壓而言,伸入N+磊晶層602的遮蔽電極605使得N+磊晶層602可使用較高的摻雜濃度。從而,相同的崩潰電壓可得到較低的接通電阻而對於MOSFET臨界電壓的緊密控制不會有負面影響。
第7A圖至第7C圖係圖示有3種不同凹洞深度之整合溝槽MOSFET-蕭特基二極體結構的模擬突崩電流線。在第7A圖的結構中,凹洞729A剛好延伸到在源極區722下面的深度。在第7B圖的結構中,凹洞729B延伸較深到約有本體區718的一半高度。在第7C圖的結構中,凹洞729C延伸更深剛好到本體區718的底面上。在第7A圖至第7C圖中,在上金屬730中出現間隙。包含此間隙係僅供模擬用,且在實務上,上金屬中不會有這種間隙,這在本揭示內容其他附圖是顯而易見的。
由第7A圖可見,突崩電流線732A與源極區722靠得很近,然而由於凹洞的深度在第7B圖中有增加且在第7C圖為更深,以致突崩電流線732B與732C更為遠離源極區722而移向蕭特基區。突崩電流離開源極區有助於防止寄生雙極電晶體打開,從而改善裝置的耐用度。本質上,在使突崩電流集中時,蕭特基區的作用類似重度本體區,從而就此目的而言,可排除對於重度本體區的需要。重度本體區仍然需要以使本體區有良好的接觸,但與習知MOSFET結構相比,重度本體區的頻率及尺寸可顯著減少。這可釋出分配給蕭特基二極體的大矽面積。因此,就第7A圖至第7C圖的示範模擬結構而言,深度延伸到本體區718下半段內的凹洞可提供最佳結果。
儘管已用數個遮蔽閘極溝槽MOSFET具體實施例來描述本發明,熟諳此藝者於閱讀本揭示內容後,會明白本發明還有其他遮蔽閘極MOSFET結構和有厚底介電質之溝槽閘極MOSFET以及其他類型之功率元件的具體實作。例如,上述用於整合蕭特基二極體與MOSFET的技術可同樣實作於上述美國專利申請案第11/026,276號(2004年12月29日申請)所揭示的各種功率元件中,特別是圖示於例如第1、2A、3A、3B、4A、4C、5C、9B、9C、10至12圖及第24圖的溝槽閘極、遮蔽閘極、以及電量平衡裝置(charge balance device)。
儘管以上圖示及描述了許多特定具體實施例,但本發明的具體實施例不受限於這些。例如,儘管本發明有些具體實施例是用開放單元結構(open cell structure)來描述,然而熟諳此藝者在閱讀本揭示內容後會明白實作本發明可使用有各種幾何形狀的封閉單元結構,例如多邊形、圓形、以及矩形。此外,儘管本發明的具體實施例是用n-通道裝置來描述,然而該等具體實施例中之矽區的導電型可顛倒以得到p-通道裝置。因此,請勿參考上述說明來判定本發明的範疇,而應參考隨附之申請專利範圍以及彼等之全範圍等價陳述來判定。
100...PWN控制器
102...蕭特基二極體
200-1,200-2,200-3,200-4,200-5...溝槽
202...N型基板
208...本體區
210...蕭特基二極體
212...源極區
214...重度本體區
218...導電層
300...MOSFET
302...N+區
304...溝槽
305...遮蔽電極
308...上覆閘極
310...極間介電質
312...遮蔽介電層
314...介電質蓋體
316...閘極介電質
318...的P型本體區
320...輕度摻雜N型(N-)區
322...重度摻雜N型源極區
324...凹洞
326...重度本體
330...蕭特基屏蔽金屬層
430...蕭特基屏蔽金屬層
522...源極區
524...凹洞
526...重度本體區
601...硬遮罩島體
602...磊晶層
603...溝槽
604...硬遮罩島體
605...遮蔽電極
606...開孔
608...溝槽
610...極間介電層
612...遮蔽介電質
614...介電質蓋體區
616...閘極介電質
618...P+區
618A...重度摻雜P型(P+)矽區
618B...向外擴散之P+區
618C...P+長條
618D...本體區
620...磊晶層
622A...N+區
622B...外部
624...凹洞
630...蕭特基屏蔽金屬層
718...本體區
722...源極區
729A,729B...凹洞
730...上金屬
732A,732B,732C...突崩電流線
第1圖為習知使用有蕭特基二極體之功率MOSFET的直流/直流轉換器的電路示意圖;第2圖為習知單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體的橫截面圖;第3圖的示範簡化等角視圖係根據本發明之一具體實施例圖示條狀單元(stripe-shaped cell)陣列中之一部份,其中各有溝槽MOSFET和整合於其中的蕭特基二極體;第4圖為第3圖沿著重度本體區326繪出的橫截面圖;第5圖的簡化橫截面圖係根據本發明之一具體實施例圖示第3圖及第4圖中之重度本體區的替代實作;第6A圖至第6F圖的簡化橫截面圖係根據本發明之一具體實施例圖示用於形成第3圖單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體的示範製程順序;以及,第7A圖至第7C圖係圖示有3種不同凹洞深度(dimple depth)之單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體結構的模擬突崩電流線(simulated avalanche current flow lines)。
300...MOSFET
302...N+區
304...溝槽
305...遮蔽電極
308...上覆閘極
310...極間介電質
312...遮蔽介電層
314...介電質蓋體
316...閘極介電質
318...的P型本體區
320...輕度摻雜N型(N-)區
322...重度摻雜N型源極區
324...凹洞
326...重度本體
330...蕭特基屏蔽金屬層

Claims (45)

  1. 一種包含一單晶體整合溝槽式FET及蕭特基二極體之結構,該單晶體整合溝槽式FET及蕭特基二極體包含:一第一溝槽,其係終止於一第一導電型的第一矽區;一第二溝槽,其係終止於該第一導電型的第一矽區;一第二導電型的第一本體區;一第二導電型的第二本體區,該第一本體區及該第二本體區設置在該第一溝槽及該第二溝槽之間,該第一本體區及該第二本體區係以有第一導電型的一第二矽區隔開;一第一導電型的第一源極區,其設在該第一本體區上方;一第一導電型的第二源極區,其設在該第二本體區上方;一接觸開孔,其延伸於該第一溝槽與該第二溝槽之間直至一深度,該深度係低於該第一源極區與該第二源極區中之至少一者的深度;以及,一互連層,其係填滿該接觸開孔並且電氣接觸該第一源極區、該第二源極區及該第二矽區,該互連層與該第二矽區形成一蕭特基接觸。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其中該第一矽區具有比該第二矽區高的摻雜濃度。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其中該第一本體區及該第二本體區之各者係於該第一矽區與該第一源極區及該第二源極區中之一相對者之間垂直延伸,而且該互連層與該第二矽區在深至大於該第一本體區及該第二本體區中至少一者的一半深度處電氣接觸。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其中該第一本體區及該第二本體區中至少一者的摻雜濃度是均勻的。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其中該第一矽區為一第一磊晶層,而該第二矽區為一第二磊晶層,該第一磊晶層係於一第一導電型基板上方延伸,該基板具有比該第一磊晶層高的摻雜濃度,而該第一磊晶層具有比該第二磊晶層高的摻雜濃度。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其中該第一本體區與該第一源極區係與該第一溝槽自對準。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其更包含一形成於該第一溝槽與該第二溝槽之間的第二導電型之重度本體區藉此該重度本體區電氣接觸該第一本體區、該第二本體區與該第二矽區,該重度本體區具有比該第一本體區及該第二本體區中之一者高的摻雜濃度。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之結構,其中該第一本體區、該第一源極區以及該重度本體區係與該第一溝槽自對準。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其中該第二本體區與該第二矽區具有相同的深度。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其更包含:一設在該第一溝槽中的凹陷閘極;以及,一使該凹陷閘極與該互連層絕緣的介電質蓋體。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之結構,其更包含:一設在該凹陷閘極下面且在該第一溝槽內的遮蔽電極;以及,一使該遮蔽電極與該第一矽區絕緣的遮蔽介電質。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第10項之結構,其更包含:一厚底介電質,其係沿著該第一溝槽之底部在該凹陷閘極正下方延伸。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其更包含一直流至直流同步降壓式轉換器,其中該單晶體整合溝槽式FET及蕭特基二極體係耦合至一負載作為低端開關。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第1項之結構,其中該互連層為一蕭特基屏蔽金屬層。
  15. 一種包含一單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體之結構,該單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體包含:一第一導電型之第一磊晶層;一設在該第一磊晶層上方的第一導電型之第二磊晶層,該第一磊晶層具有比該第二磊晶層高的摻雜濃度;一第一溝槽及一第二溝槽,各個係延伸通過該第二磊晶層且終止於該第一磊晶層; 一第二導電型的第一本體區;一第二導電型的第二本體區,該第一本體區及該第二本體區設在該第一溝槽及該第二溝槽之間,該第一本體區及該第二本體區係藉由該第二磊晶層之一部份而隔開;一第一導電型的第一源極區,其設在該第一本體區上方;一第一導電型的第二源極區,其設在該第一本體區上方;一接觸開孔,其延伸於該第一溝槽與該第二溝槽之間直至一深度,該深度係低於該第一源極區與該第二源極區中之至少一者的深度;以及,一蕭特基屏蔽金屬層,其係填滿該等接觸開孔以及電氣接觸該第一源極區、該第二源極區與該第二磊晶層之該部份,該蕭特基屏蔽金屬層與該第二磊晶層之該部份形成一蕭特基接觸。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項之結構,其中該第一本體區在該第一源極區與該第一磊晶層之間垂直延伸,而且該蕭特基屏蔽金屬層與該第二磊晶層之該部份在深至大於該第一本體區之一半深度處電氣接觸。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第15項之結構,其中該第一本體區及該第二本體區中至少一者具有均勻的摻雜濃度。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第15項之結構,其中該第一磊晶層係於一第一導電型之基板上方延伸,該基板具有比該第 一磊晶層高的摻雜濃度。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第15項之結構,其中該第一本體區與該第一源極區係與該第一溝槽自對準。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第15項之結構,其更包含形成於該第一溝槽與該第二溝槽之間的一第二導電型之重度本體區,藉此該重度本體區電氣接觸該第一本體區、該第二本體區與該第二磊晶層位於該第一溝槽及該第二溝槽之間的部份。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第20項之結構,其中該第一本體區、該第一源極區、以及該重度本體區係與該第一溝槽自對準。
  22. 如申請專利範圍第15項之結構,其中該第一本體區與該第二磊晶層具有相同的深度。
  23. 如申請專利範圍第15項之結構,其更包含:一設在該第一溝槽中的凹陷閘極;以及,一使該凹陷閘極與該蕭特基屏蔽金屬層絕緣的介電質蓋體。
  24. 如申請專利範圍第23項之結構,其更包含:一設在該凹陷閘極下面且在該第一溝槽內的遮蔽電極;以及,一使該遮蔽電極與該第一磊晶層絕緣的遮蔽介電質。
  25. 如申請專利範圍第23項之結構,其更包含:一厚底介電質,其係沿著該第一溝槽之底部在該凹 陷閘極正下方延伸。
  26. 如申請專利範圍第15項之結構,其更包含一直流至直流同步降壓式轉換器,其中該單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體係耦合至一負載作為低端開關。
  27. 一種形成單晶體整合溝槽式FET及蕭特基二極體的方法,該方法包含:形成一第一溝槽及一第二溝槽,各個係延伸通過一上矽層且終止在一下矽層內,該上、下矽層具有第一導電型,該上矽層在該下矽層上方延伸;在該第一溝槽與該第二溝槽之間的該上矽層內形成第二導電型的一第一矽區及一第二矽區;在該第一溝槽與一第二溝槽之間形成一延伸入該第一矽區及該第二矽區的第一導電型之第三矽區,使得該第一矽區的下半部及該第二矽區的下半部分別形成一第一本體區及一第二本體區,該第一本體區及第二本體區以該上矽層之一部份隔開;進行矽蝕刻以形成一延伸通過該第一矽區的接觸開孔,藉此保留該第一矽區的外部,該第一矽區的外部係形成一源極區;以及,形成一填滿該接觸開孔以及電氣接觸該源極區與該上矽層之該部份的互連層,該互連層與該上矽層之該部份形成一蕭特基接觸。
  28. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中該下矽層具有 比該上矽層高的摻雜濃度。
  29. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中使該互連層與該上矽層之該部份在深度低於該源極區的地方電氣接觸。
  30. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中使該互連層與該上矽層之該部份在深至一大於該第一本體區之一半深度處電氣接觸。
  31. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中該第一本體區及該第二本體區中至少一者具有均勻的摻雜濃度。
  32. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中在一第一導電型基板上方磊晶形成該下矽層,且在該下矽層上方磊晶形成該上矽層,其中該基板具有比該下矽層高的摻雜濃度,以及該下矽層具有比該上矽層高的摻雜濃度。
  33. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中該第一本體區與該源極區係與該第一溝槽自對準。
  34. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其更包含:在該第一溝槽與該第二溝槽之間形成一第二導電型的重度本體區,該重度本體區係延伸進入該第一本體區、該第二本體區且進入該上矽層之該部份,該重度本體區具有比該第一本體區及該第二本體區中至少一者高的摻雜濃度。
  35. 如申請專利範圍第34項之方法,其中該第一本體區、該源極區以及該重度本體區係與該第一溝槽自對準。
  36. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中該第一本體區與該上矽層具有相同的深度。
  37. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其更包含:形成一在該第一溝槽中的凹陷閘極;以及,形成一使該凹陷閘極與該互連層絕緣的介電質蓋體。
  38. 如申請專利範圍第37項之方法,其更包含:在形成該凹陷閘極之前,在該第一溝槽的底部部份中形成一遮蔽電極。
  39. 如申請專利範圍第37項之方法,其更包含:在形成該凹陷閘極之前,形成一沿著該第一溝槽之底部延伸的厚底介電質。
  40. 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中該互連層為一蕭特基屏蔽金屬層。
  41. 一種形成單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體的方法,該方法包含:使用一遮罩,形成延伸進入且終止於一第一導電型之上矽層的多數第一溝槽,該上矽層設在一第一導電型之下矽層上方;用一第二導電型之矽材料填滿該等多數第一溝槽;進行熱循環以使該矽材料的一部分向外擴散進入該上矽層且到該遮罩下面;使用該遮罩,形成延伸通過該矽材料、該上矽層且終止於該下矽層內的多數第二溝槽,使得該矽材料在該 遮罩下的向外擴散部份保留在該各個第二溝槽的一邊上;形成一延伸進入該向外擴散部份的第一導電型之第一矽區,使得該向外擴散部份在該等多數第二溝槽的每兩個相鄰溝槽之間的其餘下半部形成一第一本體區及一第二本體區,該第一本體區及該第二本體區係以該上矽層之一部份隔開;進行矽蝕刻以形成一延伸通過該第一矽區的接觸開孔,藉此保留該第一矽區的外部,該第一矽區的外部係形成一源極區;以及,形成一填滿該接觸開孔以及電氣接觸該源極區與該上矽層之該部份的互連層,該互連層與該上矽層之該部份形成一蕭特基接觸。
  42. 一種形成單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體的方法,該方法包含:使用一遮罩,形成延伸通過一第一導電型之上矽層且終止於一第一導電型之下矽層內的一第一溝槽及一第二溝槽,該上矽層設在該下矽層上方;進行二回合斜向植入以沿著該第一溝槽及該第二溝槽之各者之一上側壁在該上矽層中形成一第二導電型的第一矽區;在該第一溝槽與該第二溝槽之間形成延伸入該第一矽區的一第一導電型之第二矽區,使得該第一矽區的其餘下半部在該第一溝槽與該第二溝槽之間形成一第 一本體區及一第二本體區,該第一本體區及該第二本體區係藉由該上矽層之一部份而隔開;進行矽蝕刻以形成一延伸通過該第二矽區的接觸開孔,藉此保留該第二矽區的外部於該第一溝槽與該第二溝槽之間,該第二矽區的外部形成一源極區;以及,形成一填滿該接觸開孔以及電氣接觸該源極區與該上矽層之該部份的互連層,該互連層與該上矽層之該部份形成一蕭特基接觸。
  43. 如申請專利範圍第42項之方法,其中該上矽層在該二回合斜向植入期間接受摻雜物的區域是用該植入角度及該遮罩的厚度來界定。
  44. 一種形成單晶體整合溝槽式MOSFET及蕭特基二極體的方法,該方法包含:使用一遮罩,形成延伸進入且終止於一第一導電型的上矽層內之第一深度的多數溝槽,該上矽層設在一第一導電層的下矽層上方;進行二回合斜向植入以沿著各個溝槽的一側壁在該上矽層中形成一第二導電型的第一矽區;使用該遮罩,在該下矽層內使該等多數溝槽較深地延伸而有第二深度;在該等多數溝槽的每兩個相鄰溝槽之間形成一延伸入該第一矽區的一第一導電型第二矽區,使得該第一矽區的其餘下半部形成在該等多數溝槽的每兩個相鄰溝槽之間的一第一本體區及一第二本體區,該第一本體 區及該第二本體區係藉由該上矽層之一部份隔開;進行矽蝕刻以形成一延伸通過該第二矽區的接觸開孔,藉此保留該第二矽區的外部於該等多數溝槽的每兩個相鄰溝槽之間,該第二矽區的外部形成一源極區;以及,形成一填滿該接觸開孔以及電氣接觸該源極區與該上矽層之該部份的互連層,該互連層與該上矽層之該部份形成一蕭特基接觸。
  45. 如申請專利範圍第44項之方法,其中該上矽層在該二回合斜向植入期間接受摻雜物的一區域是用該等多數溝槽的第一深度、該遮罩的厚度、以及該植入角度來界定。
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KR20090003306A (ko) 2009-01-09
DE112007000700B4 (de) 2018-01-11
US20070221952A1 (en) 2007-09-27
WO2007112187A3 (en) 2008-04-17
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US7446374B2 (en) 2008-11-04
KR101361239B1 (ko) 2014-02-11
AT505583A2 (de) 2009-02-15
US7713822B2 (en) 2010-05-11
JP2009531836A (ja) 2009-09-03
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WO2007112187A2 (en) 2007-10-04
US20090035900A1 (en) 2009-02-05

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