CN1234775A - 用于车辆的行星变速器 - Google Patents
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- B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
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- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
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- F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
- F16D55/24—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
- F16D55/26—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action
- F16D55/36—Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
- F16D55/40—Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or one the brake
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
- F16D65/72—Slack adjusters hydraulic
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
- F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
- F16H3/52—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
- F16H3/54—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
- F16H57/10—Braking arrangements
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
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- F16D2055/0058—Fully lined, i.e. braking surface extending over the entire disc circumference
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- F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的行星变速器,该行星变速器包括:一个行星架(2),在其上设置了至少一个行星齿轮(4);一个用于安装车轮(25)的轮毂(16),该轮毂(16)与行星架(2)相连;一个与车辆相连的固定箱体(28),轮毂(16)安装在该固定箱体(28)内;以及安装于行星架(2)外圆周的摩擦制动器(34),该制动器用于对行星架(2)相对于固定箱体(28)的转动进行制动。轮毂(16)通过花键连接(14,21)与行星架(2)相连。根据本发明的一个实施例,设置一个用于与至少一个行星齿轮(4)相啮合的外部齿圈(30’),该齿圈(30’)通过第二花键连接(42,74)与固定箱体(28)相连接。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的行星变速器(传动器),该行星变速器包括:一个行星架,在其上设置了至少一个行星齿轮;一个用于安装车轮的轮毂,该轮毂与行星架相连;一个与车辆相连的变速器固定箱体,轮毂安装在该固定箱体内;以及安装于行星架外圆周的摩擦制动机构,该制动机构用于实现对行星架相对于固定箱体的转动进行制动的功能。
现在已经具有设置与车轮配合的行星变速器的技术方案。在车辆的驱动车轴上设置有行星传动器的内部太阳轮,以及在包容变速器的固定箱体上设置外部齿圈太阳轮及齿圈与设置于行星架上的行星齿轮啮合。行星架与安装在固定箱体内的轮毂相连,车辆的车轮通过车轮螺栓安装于轮毂上。通过设置与车轮配合的行星变速器,可以获得从驱动轴传到车轮的驱动力矩的提高。为了对车辆进行制动,在行星架的外圆周设置摩擦盘,该摩擦盘与安装于固定箱体上的盘形板相互作用。
对大型和重型的车辆,例如工程机械,现有的上述结构的行星传动器是不适合的,在这些车辆中,例如可能需要轮毂的支承结构更加坚固,从而轮毂在轴向上更长。这将对行星架与轮毂的连接关系提出了更高的要求,同时还希望行星变速器作为一个整体,结构应尽可能地紧凑。
本发明的目的在于制造一种引论中介绍的行星变速器,它克服了上述提到的缺陷,并致力于获得尽可能紧凑的结构。
本发明进一步的目的在于制造一种包括相对少的部件、易于制造、加工成本低廉的行星变速器。
根据本发明,利用第一花键连接将轮毂与行星架相互连接,来达到上述发明目的。
根据本发明,还通过将一个外部齿圈设置成与至少一个行星齿轮啮合,以及通过第二个花键连接将外部齿圈连接于固定箱体上,来实现上述发明目的。
这样的行星变速器尽管在尺寸设计上保证了比现有的结构能承受更大的力,但它比现有的行星变速器包括更少的零部件,结构也很紧凑。
下文将参照附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述,附图表示了本发明的两个实施例,其中:
图1为根据本发明的第一种实施方式的行星式变速器的侧剖视图。
图2为根据本发明的第二种实施方式的行星式变速器的侧剖视图。
在附图1中,数字标号1代表一个用于车辆的行星变速器,该行星变速器1包括一个行星架2,在其上安装有一组行星轮4。一根驱动轴6从车辆的发动机或齿轮箱(未表示在图中)伸出,其伸出的外部端8包括一个行星变速器1的内部太阳轮10,该太阳轮将与行星架2上的行星轮4构成啮合关系。根据图1中的第一实施方式,行星轮4的数目为3个,但是将行星轮4的个数取为两个、四个或更多也是可能的。
此处所涉及的“车辆”一词的含义包括用于在公路路面上行驶的车辆及用于在非公路状况下如在林地内行驶的车辆,这些车辆可能是自卸车、轮式装载机、挖掘机或其它工程机械。
行星架2上开有通孔12,在该通孔内有花键14。孔12的中心线15与行星架2的回转中心线同轴。轮毂16被安装在行星架2的通孔12内,在其第一端18具有带花键21的轴颈20,由此轮毂与行星架2径向连接。卡盘19通过螺栓23与轮毂连接,用于保证轮毂16与行星架2的轴向连接。轮毂16的第二端22设置有紧固装置24,用于安装车辆的车轮25。
轮毂16通过滚柱轴承26安装于固定箱体28上,该变速器箱体与车体相连。从而轮毂16可以相对于箱体28进行转动。在箱体28上有一个行星变速器1的外部齿圈30,该齿圈30用于与行星架2上的行星齿轮4啮合。齿圈30与摩擦制动器34的第一压盘32相连接,下文将对该制动器进行描述。
摩擦制动器34包括一组安装于行星架2外圆周的摩擦盘36。根据图示的第一实施例,摩擦盘36的数目为8个,但是摩擦盘36的任意其它数目也是可能的。摩擦盘36可以在花键38上轴向滑动,花键38处于行星架2的外圆周部。摩擦盘36在圆周方向上则被锁止于行星架2上。
在箱体28的花键42上装有一组盘板40。盘板40也可以轴向滑动,但在圆周方向上却相对于箱体28锁止。盘板40的数目最好与摩擦盘36的数目相同。作为替换方案,也可以将盘板40设置在行星架2的外圆周上而将摩擦盘36设置在箱体28中。盘板可以例如由金属、塑料或碳纤维制成,当然也可以采用其它的材料。
第二压盘44设置成:当其将摩擦盘36及盘板40压到第一压盘32时,行星架2的转动将被刹住从而实现车辆的制动。第二压盘44可以在一组液压活塞46的作用下轴向移动,这组液压活塞46沿第二压盘44布置。通过作用于液压活塞46的液压流体的推动,液压活塞46推动第二压盘44轴向移动。液压流体被容贮于一个设置在箱体28内的环形导管48中。由设于箱体28内的接口50及孔道51向环形导管48供应液压流体。在第一及第二压盘32和44之间布置有一根或多根螺旋弹簧49,用于在制动后将液压活塞46复位。
第一及第二压盘32和44以及摩擦盘36和盘板40的形状最好采用环形,但是也可以围绕行星架2的中心线15设置成分段环形(环形段)。
根据图1中的第一种实施例,液压活塞46还可以选择性地安装一个自动调节装置52,该装置用于随着摩擦盘36摩损而自动调整液压活塞46的初始位置。该自动调节装置52包括一个套筒53,该套筒以夹紧配合的形式安装于箱体28的盲孔54内。栓销56从套筒53中穿过,其第一端58与液压活塞46相连,而在其第二端60上有一个销头62,该销头62有一个支承面46,该支承面用于与套筒53的端面66相支靠。当摩擦盘36有摩损时,液压活塞46必须通过较长的行程才能将摩擦盘36及盘板40压紧在第一压盘32上,从而需要更大体积的液压流体。为了克服这一问题,套筒53与盲孔54间的夹紧程度满足如下的关系:由液压流体作用于液压活塞46上的力,通过栓销56上销头62的作用,可以使套筒53在盲孔54内移动并到达一个新的位置;但是螺旋弹簧49的作用力却不足以使套筒53在盲孔54内发生移动。这样就意味着液压活塞46在返回行程后将处于新的初始位置。
作为选择性的方案,还可以在箱体18内设置传感器68,该传感器用于检测行星架2的旋转速度,也即车辆的速度。传感器68合适地安装于箱体28内第一压盘32上的孔70内,并正对着行星架2外圆周的安装摩擦盘36的花键38。从而传感器68就可以检测花键38上的键块通过传感器68的快慢程度,而该快慢程度与行星架2的旋转速度成比例。为了增加传感器68的检测精度,还可以在行星架2上,邻靠安装摩擦盘36的花键38设置具有精细节距的齿牙或花键。
在图2中表示了根据本发明的第二实施例。根据第二实施例的行星变速器包括一个外部齿圈30′,该齿圈被设置成与箱体28内形成的花键42接合。与齿圈30′相作用的花键42部分的高度被减小,以形成对齿圈30′的止挡或支承面。在外部齿圈30′的外圆周上设置有与箱体内的花键42啮合的花键74,从而形成第二花键连接。
齿圈30′上有为摩擦盘36及盘板40所设的第一压盘32′,由摩擦盘36及盘板40组成摩擦制动器34。该摩擦制动器34最好工作在冷却液中,冷却液由管道72通过冷却设备(图中未示出)循环流动。
在图2中也表示了一套自动调节装置52′,该装置随着摩擦盘36的摩损调节液压活塞46′的初始位置。除了上述联系附图2所描述的特点外,根据图2的行星变速器的其它部件的结构在实质上与联系图1中的行星变速器的所作的零部件结构描述是一致的。
Claims (17)
1.用于车辆的行星变速器,该行星变速器包括:一个行星架(2),在其上设置了至少一个行星齿轮(4);一个用于安装车轮(25)的轮毂(16),该轮毂(16)与行星架(2)相连;一个与车辆相连的固定箱体(28),轮毂(16)安装在该固定箱体内;以及安装于行星架(2)外圆周的摩擦制动器(34),该制动器用于对行星架(2)相对于固定箱体(28)的转动进行制动;其特征在于:轮毂(16)与行星架(2)是通过第一花键连接(14,21)相互连接起来的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:行星架(2)上开有花键孔(12),花键孔(12)的中心线(15)与行星架(2)的回转轴线同轴;轮毂(16)包括开有花键的轴颈(20),该轴颈(20)安装在行星架(2)的孔(12)内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:轮毂(16)上的开有花键的轴颈(20)由设在轮毂(16)第一端(18)上的卡盘(19)轴向固定在在行星架(2)的花键孔(12)中。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:所述的摩擦制动器(34)包括一组安装于行星架(2)外圆周上的第一摩擦盘(36),和一组安装于固定箱体(28)内侧的第二摩擦盘(40)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:所述的第一及第二摩擦盘(分别为36和40)可分别在行星架(29)和固定箱体(28)上轴向移动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:摩擦制动器(34)的第一压盘(32,32′)安装在固定箱体(28)上;第二压盘(44)安装成使得其在制动时可以向第一压盘(32)的方向移动,从而将第一和第二摩擦盘(分别为36和40)在第一和第二压盘(32,44)之间压紧。
7.根据权利要求6所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:在固定箱体(28)内设置了至少一个液压活塞(46,46′),该液压活塞安装成在制动时使得第二压盘(44)可以向第一压盘(32)的方向移动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:在固定箱体(28)内设置一个用于容贮液压流体的环形导管(48),该环形导管(48)与至少一个液压活塞(46,46′)具有流体流通连接。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:所述至少一个液压活塞(46,46′)包括一个自动调节装置(52),该装置通过套筒(53)可移动地安装于箱体(28)的孔(54)内,一个可在套筒(53)内轴向移动的栓销(56)与液压活塞(46,46′)连接。
10.根据上述权利要求中的任意一项所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:在固定箱体(28)上设有一个外部齿圈(30,30′),在车辆的一根驱动轴(6)上安装有一个内部太阳齿轮(10)。
11.根据权利要求6至9中任意一项所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:在所述的第一压盘(32,32′)上装有一个外部齿圈(30,30′)。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:所述的外部齿圈(30′)是通过第二花键连接(42,74)连接到固定箱体(28)上的。
13.根据上述权利要求中的任意一项所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:在箱体(18)内装有一个传感器(68),该传感器(68)适于通过与行星架(2)外圆周上的表面的相互作用来检测行星架(2)的旋转速度。
14.用于车辆的行星变速器,该行星变速器包括:一个行星架(2),在其上设置了至少一个行星齿轮(4);一个用于安装车轮(25)的轮毂(16),该轮毂(16)与行星架(2)相连;一个与车辆相连的固定箱体(28),轮毂(16)安装在该固定箱体内;以及安装于行星架(2)外圆周的摩擦制动器(34),该制动器用于对行星架(2)相对于固定箱体(28)的转动进行制动;其特征在于:设置一个外部齿圈(30′),使得其可以与所述至少一个行星齿轮(4)啮合,该外部齿圈(30′)通过第二花键连接(42,74)与固定箱体(28)连接。
15.根据权利要求14所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:第二花键连接(42,74)是由位于外部齿圈(30′)的外圆周上的花键(74)和位于箱体(28)内的花键(42)组成的。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:所述的摩擦制动器(34)包括一组安装于行星架(2)外圆周上的第一摩擦盘(36),和一组安装于固定箱体(28)内侧的第二摩擦盘(40),第二摩擦盘(40)设置成与箱体(28)内的花键啮合。
17.根据权利要求16所述的行星变速器,其特征在于:在外部齿圈(30′)上形成第一压盘(32′),它设置成使得在制动时可以对第一及第二摩擦盘(36,40)进行压紧。
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SE97027494 | 1997-07-18 | ||
SE9702749A SE509788C2 (sv) | 1997-07-18 | 1997-07-18 | Planetväxel för ett fordonshjul |
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CN1234775A true CN1234775A (zh) | 1999-11-10 |
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CN98801008A Pending CN1234775A (zh) | 1997-07-18 | 1998-05-12 | 用于车辆的行星变速器 |
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US (2) | US6090006A (zh) |
EP (3) | EP1354747B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2001500823A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100498819B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1234775A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU744108C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9806029A (zh) |
DE (3) | DE69834962T2 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO316572B1 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE509788C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999003699A1 (zh) |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100516590C (zh) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-07-22 | 绍兴前进齿轮箱有限公司 | 内置制动***的变速箱 |
CN102811878A (zh) * | 2010-02-12 | 2012-12-05 | 玛格纳动力传动***股份及两合公司 | 用于机动车的轮边驱动装置 |
CN103448473A (zh) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-18 | Zf腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 | 用于作业车的轴的轮辋以及作业车的轴 |
CN103448536A (zh) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-18 | Zf腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 | 用于作业车辆的车轴的轮辋以及作业车辆的车轴 |
CN103448473B (zh) * | 2012-05-29 | 2017-04-12 | Zf腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 | 用于作业车的轴的轮辋以及作业车的轴 |
CN103448536B (zh) * | 2012-05-29 | 2017-05-31 | Zf腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 | 用于作业车辆的车轴的轮辋以及作业车辆的车轴 |
CN104358804A (zh) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-18 | 李开卫 | 多片湿式盘式制动器及其运行方法 |
CN104358804B (zh) * | 2014-10-29 | 2017-03-01 | 李开卫 | 多片湿式盘式制动器及其运行方法 |
CN106286648B (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2019-02-19 | 广西柳工机械股份有限公司 | 用于静液压传动的制动器 |
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DE69834962D1 (de) | 2006-07-27 |
NO316572B1 (no) | 2004-02-23 |
EP0928253B1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
AU744108C (en) | 2004-03-04 |
SE9702749L (sv) | 1999-01-19 |
AU7463598A (en) | 1999-02-10 |
NO990830L (no) | 1999-02-22 |
WO1999003699A1 (en) | 1999-01-28 |
EP0928253A1 (en) | 1999-07-14 |
DE69830011T2 (de) | 2006-03-09 |
DE69818960T2 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
DE69834962T2 (de) | 2007-01-25 |
SE509788C2 (sv) | 1999-03-08 |
JP2001500823A (ja) | 2001-01-23 |
DE69830011D1 (de) | 2005-06-02 |
EP1354747A2 (en) | 2003-10-22 |
AU744108B2 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
DE69818960D1 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
EP1258381B1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1258381A3 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
EP1354747A3 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
USRE41285E1 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
NO990830D0 (no) | 1999-02-22 |
EP1354747B1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
SE9702749D0 (sv) | 1997-07-18 |
KR100498819B1 (ko) | 2005-07-01 |
EP1258381A2 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
KR20000068589A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
BR9806029A (pt) | 2000-01-18 |
US6090006A (en) | 2000-07-18 |
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