WO2023088108A1 - 一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***及方法 - Google Patents

一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***及方法 Download PDF

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WO2023088108A1
WO2023088108A1 PCT/CN2022/129889 CN2022129889W WO2023088108A1 WO 2023088108 A1 WO2023088108 A1 WO 2023088108A1 CN 2022129889 W CN2022129889 W CN 2022129889W WO 2023088108 A1 WO2023088108 A1 WO 2023088108A1
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steel structure
dust removal
roof
dust
workshop
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PCT/CN2022/129889
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English (en)
French (fr)
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冯国增
韩罡
许津津
栾付君
周伟明
朱金堂
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江苏科技大学
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/02—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial purposes, e.g. for power-plants or factories
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust

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  • the invention relates to the field of purification of welding smoke and dust pollution in large-scale steel structure workshops, specifically a welding smoke dust collection and purification system and working method in large-scale steel structure workshops, belonging to the technical field of air purification.
  • the large-scale steel structure welding workshop mainly adopts the dust reduction method of natural ventilation + roof exhaust. Although this method is very practical, there are many problems:
  • An axial flow fan is installed in the workshop to discharge the welding fume out of the workshop in an unorganized manner.
  • the effect of ventilation and dust removal is very unsatisfactory, and it is difficult to meet the concentration limit requirements of the factory boundary monitoring points in the "Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants".
  • the dust reduction method of induced jet fan + roof exhaust fan is adopted, the induced jet fan entrains the surrounding air, and moves forward along the horizontal inclination angle of 45°, which can break the stranded smoke layer at the height of 6-8m in the middle of the workshop and force the airflow to the roof
  • the fixed local exhaust and dust reduction method can generally only be used for small workpieces and point-to-point operations to eliminate welding fume from the source. It is mainly used in welding production workshops with relatively fixed workplaces and personnel, which cannot meet the requirements for welding large workpieces. Dispersed, complex and ever-changing process requirements for solder joint distribution.
  • Electrostatic precipitator technology is gradually widely used in the purification and collection system of welding fume.
  • the electrostatic precipitator plate is used as the core component, and most of them are metal plates. If the existing electrostatic precipitator is directly used to install it in a public place, the exposed metal mesh or metal plate has high voltage, and it is easy to discharge to generate ozone, which shortens the service life of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a welding fume collection and purification system and working method for large-scale steel structure workshops, which can seriously affect the working environment of welders and endanger the health of workers in large-scale steel structure workshops. Effectively collect and purify harmful fine particles and prevent the diffusion of high-concentration pollutants. It has the advantages of systematization, low energy consumption, flexible layout, good trapping effect, and high purification and dust removal efficiency.
  • a welding fume collection and purification system for a steel structure workshop including a local dust removal device and a roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator, a plurality of the local dust removal devices are arranged in the welding area of a large the top of the structure workshop;
  • the local dust removal device includes a dust collection hose, a barrel body, and an exhaust pipe.
  • the barrel shell has a built-in positive pressure fan and an openable filter device.
  • the dust collection hose is connected to the positive pressure fan, and the exhaust pipe is connected to the openable filter. device;
  • the roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator includes a negative ion generator, a metal dust collecting pole, a corona pole, a bracket, and a supporting frame.
  • the bracket is placed on the roof of a large steel structure workshop to form a gas guiding structure, and the negative ion generator is set in the bracket. At the bottom, there are through holes distributed on the negative ion generator. The gas in the large steel structure workshop rises through the negative ion generator.
  • Several metal dust collecting electrodes and corona electrodes are arranged on the negative ion generator in the bracket.
  • the support frame is installed at the top of the bracket, the brackets on both sides of the bracket are provided with water tanks, the support frame is provided with a rain shield, the rain shield guides rainwater into the water tank, and the water tank has a communication Gas channels inside and outside the stent.
  • the filter screen is made of nanofiber coated filter material
  • the air inlet of the dust collecting hose is provided with a dust suction head with a flame arrester.
  • the barrel is arranged on the box, the bottom of the box has a box base, the box base has universal wheels, the box is also provided with a push handle, and the box has a built-in first battery and a charging coil.
  • the exhaust pipe discharges gas toward the top of the large steel structure workshop, and the height of the exhaust pipe is 2 meters.
  • the large-scale steel structure workshop has a built-in second battery and high-voltage power supply.
  • the surface of the rain shield is covered with solar panels.
  • the wire connects the corona pole.
  • a purification method for a welding fume collection and purification system in a steel structure workshop comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Move the local dust removal device to the corresponding welding position by manipulating the push handle and the universal wheel, adjust the dust collection hose, align the dust suction head with the welding operation point, and turn on the motor, the positive pressure fan rotates, and the dust is collected A negative pressure area is formed at the head. Under the action of negative pressure, the welding fume passes through the flame arrester to block the welding sparks. It first enters the filter screen on the upper part of the filter device through the dust collection hose to separate the submicron dust, and finally it is absorbed by activated carbon. The filter absorbs the frivolous objects, and the clean exhaust air after filtration and purification is discharged to the middle of the workshop through the vertical exhaust pipe to dilute the smoke in the welding fume stagnation area;
  • Step 2 When charging is required, just move the local dust removal device above the external charger, and the charger will charge the first battery through the charging coil without wiring;
  • Step 3 The welding fumes escaping outside the negative pressure area of the suction head, under the guidance of the clean exhaust of the vertical exhaust pipe, break through the soot stagnation area in the middle of the workshop, continue to move to the upper part of the large steel structure workshop, and enter the static electricity on the roof.
  • Negative ion generator for dust removal ventilator
  • Step 4 Start the roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator.
  • the solar panel converts solar energy into electrical energy and stores it in the second battery. At the same time, it continuously provides working voltage for the metal dust collecting electrode and the negative ion generator. Particles are pre-charged, and a high voltage is applied between the metal dust collecting electrode and the corona electrode to form a high voltage electric field. Under the action of the potential between the metal dust collecting electrode and the corona electrode, the charged particles gather to the metal dust collecting electrode, and the static electricity In principle, the diluted welding fume is finally purified and dedusted by the roof electrostatic precipitator ventilator for a second time, and finally discharged from the large steel structure workshop.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the local dust removal device is flexible and adjustable, and the welding fume is purified for the first time, effectively reducing the concentration of harmful gas and smoke at the welding work point.
  • the local dedusting device provided by the present invention makes full use of the exhaust air after purification, and sends it directly into the middle of the welding workshop through the vertical exhaust pipe, so as to accelerate the rising of the high-temperature harmful gas in the welding workshop, and the upward movement breaks through the soot retention layer, thereby effectively diluting Pollutant concentrations in the middle of a large welding workshop.
  • the user can move the industrial vacuum cleaner above the external wireless charger to charge the battery without wiring, thereby achieving the effect of improving work efficiency.
  • the roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator provided by the present invention makes full use of the large temperature difference and pressure difference between the inside and outside of the welding workshop, that is, the "chimney effect”. great economic benefits.
  • the collection effect is good, the negative ion generator generates negative ions, avoids the generation of ozone, pre-charges the dust particles, and the charged particles gather to the dust collection electrode under the action of the potential between the dust collection plate and the corona electrode, and then It is captured and has high dust removal efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the external part of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structural form figure of local dedusting device described in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the front view of the roof electrostatic precipitator ventilator of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the installation schematic diagram of metal dust collection pole, corona pole, negative ion generator of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is the structure figure of roof electrostatic precipitator ventilator described in the present invention.
  • Reference signs are: A—partial dust removal device, B—roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator, C—workshop, 1—box base, 2—box, 3—barrel, 4—positive pressure fan, 5—openable Filtration device, 6—filter screen, 7—activated carbon adsorption absorber, 8—universal wheel, 9—first battery, 10—charging coil, 11—dust collection hose, 12—push handle, 13—exhaust pipe, 14 - vacuum head, 15 - flame arrester, 16 - base, 17 - bracket, 18 - rain shield, 19 - support frame, 20 - water tank, 21 - solar panel, 22 - second battery, 23 - metal set Dust pole, 24—corona pole, 25—negative ion generator, 26—high voltage power supply, 27—roofing.
  • a welding fume collection and purification system for a large steel structure workshop including a local dust removal device A, a roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator B, and a large steel structure workshop C.
  • the local dust removal device A is installed at the welding station inside the workshop C
  • the roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator B is installed on the roof of the workshop C, perpendicular to the roof ridge and arranged in parallel.
  • the local dust removal device A includes a box base 1, a box body 2, a barrel body 3, an openable filter device 5, universal wheels 8, The first accumulator 9, the charging coil 10, the dust collection hose 11, the push handle 12, the exhaust pipe 13, the dust suction head 14, and the flame arrester 15.
  • the bottom of the box base 1 is provided with universal wheels 8, the top is provided with a box 2, the inside of the box 2 is provided with a first storage battery 9, and one end of the box 2 is connected with the exhaust pipe 13, and the height of the exhaust pipe 13 is 2 meters, and the exhaust outlets are arranged vertically upwards.
  • One end and the other end of the box body 2 are provided with a push handle 12, the bottom of the box body 2 is provided with a charging coil 10, the upper part is provided with a barrel body 3, the inside of the barrel body 3 is provided with a fan 4 and an openable filter device 5, and the upper part of the openable filter device 5 is A filter screen 6 made of nanofiber-coated filter material is set, which can separate submicron dust; an activated carbon adsorber 7 is arranged at the bottom of the openable filter device 5, and the upper part of the open filter device 5 is sequentially connected with the dust collection hose 11, The dust suction head 14 and the flame arrester 15 are connected.
  • the roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator B includes a box base 16, a bracket 17, a rain shield 18, a support frame 19, a water tank 20, and a solar cell Plate 21, second storage battery 22, metal dust collecting pole 23, corona pole 24, negative ion generator 25, high voltage power supply 26.
  • the box base 16 is fixed on the roof 27 by high-strength bolts
  • the support frame 19 is fixed on the bracket 17 by self-tapping screws
  • the bracket 17 is welded on the box base 17
  • the rain shield 18 is fixed on the roof by self-tapping screws.
  • a flow tank 20 is installed at both ends of the support frame 19, and one end of the second storage battery 22 is connected to the solar cell panel 21 through a low-voltage insulated wire, and the other end is respectively connected to the metal dust collecting electrode 23 through a low-voltage insulated wire.
  • Connect with the negative ion generator 25, and the negative ion generator 25 is fixed on the casing base 16 by self-tapping screws.
  • the solar panel 21 of the roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator B is bonded to the outside of the rain shield 18 through silica gel, and the solar panels 21 are connected in parallel connected to convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the second storage battery 22 to provide working voltage for the metal dust collecting electrode 23 and negative ion generator 25 .
  • the anion generator 25 of the roof electrostatic precipitator ventilator B discharges a large dose of high-purity negative oxygen ions by loading a weak current, avoiding ozone generation, and the direction of the free electron flow released by the welding fume hot airflow and the anion generator is consistent.
  • the metal dust collection pole 23 of the roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator B is a flat plate structure, the upper end is fixed on the support frame 19, and the lower end is vertically fixed on the negative ion generator 25.
  • the corona pole 24 of the roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator B is a flat plate structure, and the corona pole 24 is arranged in parallel with the metal dust collecting pole 23.
  • the upper end of the corona pole 24 is fixed on the support frame 19, and the lower end is vertically fixed on the negative ion generator.
  • the corona electrode 24 and the high-voltage power supply 26 are connected in parallel through a high-voltage insulated wire.
  • Step A Move the local dust removal device A to the corresponding welding position by manipulating the push handle 12 and the universal wheel 8, adjust the dust collection hose 11, align the dust suction head 14 with the welding operation point, and turn on the motor, and the fan 4 rotates , a negative pressure area is formed at the dust suction head 14. Under the action of negative pressure, the welding fume passes through the flame arrester 15 to block the welding sparks, and first enters the filter screen 6 on the upper part of the filter device 5 through the dust collection hose 11.
  • the dust is separated, and finally through the activated carbon adsorber 7, the frivolous matter is adsorbed, and the clean exhaust air after filtration and purification is discharged to the middle of the workshop through the vertical exhaust pipe 13 to dilute the soot concentration in the welding fume stagnation area.
  • the openable filter device 5 is regularly cleaned of dust.
  • Step B When charging is required, just move the local dust removal device A above the external charger, and the charger will charge the first storage battery 9 through the charging coil 10 without wiring, thereby improving work efficiency.
  • Step C The welding fume escaping from the local dust removal device A, under the guidance of the clean exhaust of the vertical exhaust pipe 13, breaks through the soot stagnation area, continues to move to the upper part of the large steel structure workshop C, and enters the electrostatic dust removal ventilator B on the roof negative ion generator 25.
  • Step D start the roof electrostatic dust removal ventilator B, the solar panel 21 converts solar energy into electric energy and stores it in the second storage battery 22, and simultaneously provides the working voltage continuously for the metal dust collecting pole 23 and the negative ion generator 25, and the negative ion generator 25 generates Free electrons pre-charge the particles in the dust, and a high voltage is applied between the metal dust collecting electrode 23 and the corona electrode 24 to form a high voltage electric field, and the charged particles are under the action of the potential between the metal dust collecting electrode 23 and the corona electrode 24 , gather to the metal dust collecting pole 23. Under the electrostatic principle, the diluted welding fume is finally purified and dusted by the roof electrostatic dust collector ventilator B for the second time, and finally discharged from the large steel structure workshop C.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***及方法，所述***包括局部除尘装置、屋顶静电除尘通风器，屋顶静电除尘通风器设置在大型钢结构车间屋顶，金属集尘极和电晕极垂直于屋脊平行布置；局部除尘装置设置在车间内部焊接工位处。本发明提供的局部除尘装置灵活可调，对焊接烟尘进行初次收集净化，同时将净化后的排风作为置换送风动力引入车间中部，使得进一步稀释后的烟尘突破烟尘滞留层继续向上运动，再经过本发明提供的屋顶静电除尘通风器对车间内的焊接烟尘进行二次收集净化。

Description

一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及大型钢结构车间焊接烟尘污染净化的领域，具体为一种大型钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***及工作方法，属于空气净化技术领域。
背景技术
焊接工艺过程中产生大量的焊接烟尘和有害气体如CO2、NO2、NO3等，由于重视程度不够,所以许多焊接工艺操作没有排烟净化装置,造成车间烟雾弥漫,严重影响焊工的工作环境及行车工的操作视线,对焊接工人的健康构成极大的威胁。
通过对车间内焊接烟尘扩散轨迹及空间分布的模拟，发现在焊接过程中，粒子直径为0.1～1.25μm的焊接烟尘在热浮力作用下向上运动，随着热流与周围空气充分混合、降温，这部分焊接烟尘在6～8m高度上无法散去，形成烟尘滞留区。目前，大型钢结构焊接车间主要采取自然通风+屋顶排风的降尘方法，该方式虽然实用性很广，但存在很多问题：
一、在车间内安装轴流风机把焊接烟尘以无组织排放的方式排出车间，通风除尘的效果很不理想，难以满足《大气污染物综合排放标准》厂界监控点浓度限值要求。
二、采取诱导射流风机+屋顶排风机的降尘方法，诱导射流风机卷吸周围空气，沿水平倾角45°向前运动，可以打破车间中部6～8m高度上的滞留烟尘层，并迫使气流向屋顶排风机运动，最终排出车间，但是人员工作区(y＝1.5m)的新鲜空气未得到充分利用，烟尘消除效果不显著，不满足《大气污染物综合排放标准》要求。
三、采取固定式局部排风降尘方法，一般只能针对小工件、点对点的作业，从源头排除焊接烟尘，主要应用于工作地点和人员相对固定的焊接生产车间，无法满足对于大工件焊接时因焊接点分布分散、复杂且不断变化的工艺需求。
四、静电除尘技术逐步地广泛应用在焊接烟尘的净化收集***，静电除尘板作为核心元件，多为金属板。如果直接利用现有的静电除尘装置设置在公共场所，裸露的金属网或者金属板带有高压，还容易放电产生臭氧，缩短静电除尘板的使用寿命。
所以，基于大气环保要求，研究如何有效地降低焊接烟尘的细微颗粒物，有利于改善空 气品质，保障人们的健康安全。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对大型钢结构车间焊接烟尘散发在车间内,严重影响焊工的工作环境、危害工人的健康等问题，提供一种大型钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***及工作方法，该***可以有效收集净化有害细颗粒物，阻止高浓度污染物扩散，具有***化，耗能少，布置方式灵活，捕集效果好，净化除尘效率高等优势。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，包括局部除尘装置和屋顶静电除尘通风器，多个所述局部除尘装置设置于大型钢结构车间内焊接区域，所述屋顶静电除尘通风器安装于大型钢结构车间的顶部；
局部除尘装置包括集尘软管、桶体、排风管，所述桶壳内置正压风机和可开启式过滤装置，集尘软管连接于正压风机，排风管连接于可开启式过滤装置；
屋顶静电除尘通风器包括负离子发生器、金属集尘极、电晕极、支架、支撑架，所述支架置于大型钢结构车间的屋面上形成气体导向结构，所述负离子发生器设置于支架内底部，负离子发生器上分布有通孔，大型钢结构车间内气体上升经过负离子发生器，支架内的负离子发生器上布置有若干金属集尘极和电晕极，金属集尘极和电晕极呈立式交错布置，所述支撑架安装在支架顶部位置，支架两侧的支架处设有流水槽，支撑架上设有挡雨板，挡雨板将雨水导入流水槽，流水槽中具有连通支架内部和外界的气体通道。
作为更进一步的优选方案，压风机和可开启式过滤装置之间具有滤网，滤网由纳米纤维覆膜过滤材料制成，
作为更进一步的优选方案，可开启式过滤装置与排风管之间具有活性炭吸附吸附器。
作为更进一步的优选方案，集尘软管的进风口设有带有阻火器的吸尘头。
作为更进一步的优选方案，桶体设置在箱体上，箱体底部具有箱体底座，箱体底座上具有万向轮，箱体上还设有推手，箱体内置第一蓄电池和充电线圈。
作为更进一步的优选方案，排风管朝向大型钢结构车间顶部排放气体，排风管高度为2米。
作为更进一步的优选方案，大型钢结构车间内置第二蓄电池和高压电源，挡雨板的表面覆盖有太阳能电池板，第二蓄电池线路连接太阳能电池板、金属集尘极和负离子发生器，高压电源线路连接电晕极。
一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***的净化方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：通过操控推手及万向轮移动所述局部除尘装置至相应焊接位置，调节好集尘软管，将吸尘头对准焊接作业点，并开启电机，正压风机转动，在吸尘头处形成负压区域，焊接烟尘在负压的作用下通过阻火器阻留焊接火花，先经集尘软管进入过滤装置上部的滤网，对亚微米级的粉尘进行分离，最后经过活性炭吸附器，对轻浮物进行吸附，经过滤净化后的清洁排风由竖直排风管排向车间中部以稀释焊接烟尘滞留区的烟尘；
步骤二：当需要充电时，将局部除尘装置移动至外置的充电器的上方即可,由充电器通过充电线圈给所述第一蓄电池充电，无需进行接线充电；
步骤三：在吸尘头负压区域以外逸散的焊接烟尘，在竖向排风管清洁排风的诱导下，突破车间中部的烟尘滞留区，继续向大型钢结构车间上部运动，进入屋顶静电除尘通风器的负离子发生器；
步骤四：启动屋顶静电除尘通风器，太阳能电池板将太阳能转化为电能储存在第二蓄电池中，同时为金属集尘极和负离子发生器持续提供工作电压，负离子发生器产生自由电子，对烟尘中颗粒物预荷电，金属集尘极和电晕极之间加载高压，形成高压电场，荷电颗粒在金属集尘极和电晕极之间电势的作用下，聚集到金属集尘极，在静电原理下，经稀释后的焊接烟尘最终经屋顶静电除尘通风器二次净化除尘，最后排出大型钢结构车间。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点和有益效果：
1.本发明通过局部除尘装置灵活可调节，将焊接烟尘进行初次净化，有效降低了焊接工作点局部的有害气体和烟尘浓度。
2.本发明提供的局部除尘装置充分利用净化后的排风，由竖向排风管直接送入焊接车间的中部，加速焊接车间的高温有害气体上浮，向上运动突破烟尘滞留层，从而有效稀释大型焊接车间中部的污染物浓度。
3.通过在局部除尘装置的底座上设置充电线圈，使得使用者将工业吸尘器移动至外置的无线充电器的上方即可为蓄电池充电而无需进行接线，从而实现提高工作效率的效果。
4.本发明提供的屋顶静电除尘通风器充分利用焊接车间室内外具有较大的温度差和压力差，即“烟囱效应”，通过车间顶部的屋顶静电除尘通风器二次净化排出车间，具有较大的经济效益。
5.利用太阳能电池板持续为金属集尘极和负离子发生器持续供电，可以大幅度节约电能。
6.捕集效果好，负离子发生器产生负离子，避免产生臭氧，对烟尘颗粒物预荷电，荷电的颗粒物在集尘板和电晕极之间的电势作用下，聚集到集尘极，然后被捕集，除尘效率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的外部部分安装结构示意图；
图2为本发明所述局部除尘装置的结构形式图；
图3为本发明所述屋顶静电除尘通风器的主视图；
图4为本发明金属集尘极、电晕极、负离子发生器安装示意图；
图5为本发明所述屋顶静电除尘通风器的结构形式图；
附图标记为：A—局部除尘装置,B—屋顶静电除尘通风器,C—车间，1—箱体底座，2—箱体，3—桶体，4—正压风机，5—可开启式过滤装置，6—滤网，7—活性炭吸附吸附器，8—万向轮，9—第一蓄电池，10—充电线圈，11—集尘软管，12—推手，13—排风管，14—吸尘头，15—阻火器，16—底座，17—支架，18—挡雨板，19—支撑架，20—流水槽，21—太阳能电池板，22—第二蓄电池，23—金属集尘极，24—电晕极，25—负离子发生器，26—高压电源，27—屋面。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的优选技术方案。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
如图1所示：一种大型钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，包括局部除尘装置A、屋顶静电除尘通风器B、大型钢结构车间C。局部除尘装置A设置在车间C内部焊接工位处，屋顶静电除尘通风器B设置在车间C屋顶处，垂直于屋脊平行布置。
如图2所示：一种大型钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，所述局部除尘装置A包括箱体底座1、箱体2、桶体3、可开启式过滤装置5、万向轮8、第一蓄电池9、充电线圈10、集尘软管11、推手12、排风管13、吸尘头14、阻火器15。箱体底座1的底部设有万向轮8，上部设置有箱体2，箱体2的内部设置第一蓄电池9，箱体2的一端与排风管13连接，排风管13高度为2米，排风口竖直朝上布置。箱体2的一端另一端设置推手12，箱体2的底部设置充电线圈10，上部设置桶体3，桶体3的内部设置风机4和可开启式过滤装置5，可开启式过滤装置5上部设置由纳米纤维覆膜过滤材料制成的滤网6，能分离亚微米级的粉尘；可开启式过滤装置5底部设置活性炭吸附器7，开启式过滤装置5上部依次与集尘软管11、吸尘头14、阻火器15相连接。
如图3所示：一种大型钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，所述屋顶静电除尘通风器B包括箱体底座16、支架17、挡雨板18、支撑架19、流水槽20、太阳能电池板21、第二蓄电池22、金属集尘极23、电晕极24、负离子发生器25,高压电源26。所述箱体底座16通过高强螺栓固定在屋面27上，支撑架19通过自攻螺丝固定在支架17上，支架17焊接在所述箱体底座17上，挡雨板18通过自攻螺丝固定在支撑架19的上方，支撑架19的两端安装有流水槽20，第二蓄电池22的一端与太阳能电池板21之间通过低压绝缘导线连接，另一端通过低压绝缘导线分别与金属集尘极23和负离子发生器25连接，负离子发生器25通过自攻螺丝固定在箱体底座16上。
如图4所示：一种大型钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，所述屋顶静电除尘通风器B的太阳能电池板21通过硅胶粘结在挡雨板18的外侧，太阳能电池板21之间并联连接，将太阳能转化为电能储存在所述第二蓄电池22中，为金属集尘极23和负离子发生器25提供工作电压。所述屋顶静电除尘通风器B的负离子发生器25通过加载微弱的电流释放大剂量、高纯度的负氧离子，避免产生臭氧，焊接烟尘热气流和负离子发生器释放的自由电子气流方向一致。所述屋顶静电除尘通风器B的金属集尘极23为平板结构，上端固定在支撑架19上，下端垂直固定在所述负离子发生器25上。所述屋顶静电除尘通风器B的电晕极24为平板结构，电晕极24与金属集尘极23平行正对布置，电晕极24上端固定在支撑架19上，下端垂直固定在负离子发生器25上，电晕极24与高压电源26之间通过高压绝缘导线并联连接。
上述一种大型钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***的使用方法：
步骤A：通过操控推手12及万向轮8移动所述局部除尘装置A至相应焊接位置，调节好集尘软管11，将吸尘头14对准焊接作业点，并开启电机，风机4转动，在吸尘头14处形成负压区域，焊接烟尘在负压的作用下通过阻火器15阻留焊接火花，先经集尘软管11进入过滤装置5上部的滤网6，对亚微米级的粉尘进行分离，最后经过活性炭吸附器7，对轻浮物进行吸附，经过滤净化后的清洁排风由竖直排风管13排向车间中部以稀释焊接烟尘滞留区的烟尘浓度。定时对可开启式过滤装置5进行清灰。
步骤B：当需要充电时，将局部除尘装置A移动至外置的充电器的上方即可,由充电器通过充电线圈10给第一蓄电池9充电，无需进行接线充电，从而提高工作效率。
步骤C：从局部除尘装置A逸散的焊接烟尘，在竖向排风管13清洁排风的诱导下，突破烟尘滞留区，继续向大型钢结构车间C上部运动，进入屋顶静电除尘通风器B的负离子发生器25。
步骤D：启动屋顶静电除尘通风器B，太阳能电池板21将太阳能转化为电能储存在第二蓄电池22中，同时为金属集尘极23和负离子发生器25持续提供工作电压，负离子发生器25产生自由电子，对烟尘中颗粒物预荷电，金属集尘极23和电晕极24之间加载高压，形成高压电场，荷电颗粒在金属集尘极23和电晕极24之间电势的作用下，聚集到金属集尘极23。在静电原理下，经稀释后的焊接烟尘最终经屋顶静电除尘通风器B二次净化除尘，最后排出大型钢结构车间C。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，其特征在于：包括局部除尘装置(A)和屋顶静电除尘通风器(B)，多个所述局部除尘装置(A)设置于大型钢结构车间(C)内焊接区域，所述屋顶静电除尘通风器(B)安装于大型钢结构车间(C)的顶部；
    所述局部除尘装置(A)包括集尘软管(11)、桶体(3)、排风管(13)，所述桶壳(3)内置正压风机(4)和可开启式过滤装置(5)，集尘软管(11)连接于正压风机(4)，排风管(13)连接于可开启式过滤装置(5)；
    所述屋顶静电除尘通风器(B)包括负离子发生器(25)、金属集尘极(23)、电晕极(24)、支架(17)、支撑架(19)，所述支架(17)置于大型钢结构车间(C)的屋面(27)上形成气体导向结构，所述负离子发生器(25)设置于支架(17)内底部，负离子发生器(25)上分布有通孔，大型钢结构车间(C)内气体上升经过负离子发生器(25)，支架(17)内的负离子发生器(25)上布置有若干金属集尘极(23)和电晕极(24)，金属集尘极(23)和电晕极(24)呈立式交错布置，所述支撑架(19)安装在支架(17)顶部位置，支架(17)两侧的支架(17)处设有流水槽(20)，支撑架(19)上设有挡雨板(18)，挡雨板(18)将雨水导入流水槽(20)，流水槽(20)中具有连通支架(17)内部和外界的气体通道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，其特征在于：所述压风机(4)和可开启式过滤装置(5)之间具有滤网(6)，滤网(6)由纳米纤维覆膜过滤材料制成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，其特征在于：所述可开启式过滤装置(5)与排风管(13)之间具有活性炭吸附吸附器(7)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，其特征在于：所述集尘软管(11)的进风口设有带有阻火器(15)的吸尘头(14)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，其特征在于：所述桶体(3)设置在箱体(2)上，箱体(2)底部具有箱体底座(1)，箱体底座(1)上具有万向轮(8)，箱体(2)上还设有推手(12)，箱体(2)内置第一蓄电池(9)和充电线圈(10)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，其特征在于：所述排风管(13)朝向大型钢结构车间(C)顶部排放气体，排风管(13)高度为2米。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***，其特征在于：所述大型钢结构车间(C)内置第二蓄电池(22)和高压电源(26)，挡雨板(18)的表面覆盖有太阳能电池板(21)，第二蓄电池(22)线路连接太阳能电池板(21)、金属集尘极(23)和负离 子发生器(25)，高压电源(26)线路连接电晕极(24)。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的钢结构车间焊接烟尘收集净化***的净化方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：通过操控推手(12)及万向轮(8)移动所述局部除尘装置(A)至相应焊接位置，调节好集尘软管(11)，将吸尘头(14)对准焊接作业点，并开启电机，正压风机(4)转动，在吸尘头(14)处形成负压区域，焊接烟尘在负压的作用下通过阻火器(15)阻留焊接火花，先经集尘软管(11)进入过滤装置(5)上部的滤网(6)，对亚微米级的粉尘进行分离，最后经过活性炭吸附器(7)，对轻浮物进行吸附，经过滤净化后的清洁排风由竖直排风管(13)排向车间中部以稀释焊接烟尘滞留区的烟尘；
    步骤二：当需要充电时，将局部除尘装置(A)移动至外置的充电器的上方即可,由充电器通过充电线圈(10)给所述第一蓄电池(9)充电，无需进行接线充电；
    步骤三：在吸尘头(14)负压区域以外逸散的焊接烟尘，在竖向排风管(13)清洁排风的诱导下，突破车间中部的烟尘滞留区，继续向大型钢结构车间(C)上部运动，进入屋顶静电除尘通风器(B)的负离子发生器(25)；
    步骤四：启动屋顶静电除尘通风器(B)，太阳能电池板(21)将太阳能转化为电能储存在第二蓄电池(22)中，同时为金属集尘极(23)和负离子发生器(25)持续提供工作电压，负离子发生器(25)产生自由电子，对烟尘中颗粒物预荷电，金属集尘极(23)和电晕极(24)之间加载高压，形成高压电场，荷电颗粒在金属集尘极(23)和电晕极(24)之间电势的作用下，聚集到金属集尘极(23)，在静电原理下，经稀释后的焊接烟尘最终经屋顶静电除尘通风器(B)二次净化除尘，最后排出大型钢结构车间(C)。
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