WO2016063121A1 - 制备具有不同味道的茶叶提取物的方法 - Google Patents

制备具有不同味道的茶叶提取物的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016063121A1
WO2016063121A1 PCT/IB2015/001957 IB2015001957W WO2016063121A1 WO 2016063121 A1 WO2016063121 A1 WO 2016063121A1 IB 2015001957 W IB2015001957 W IB 2015001957W WO 2016063121 A1 WO2016063121 A1 WO 2016063121A1
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Prior art keywords
tea
extraction
taste
extract
curve
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PCT/IB2015/001957
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏国栋
杨小根
黄福平
宋祺
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可口可乐公司
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Priority to JP2017520416A priority Critical patent/JP6815993B2/ja
Priority to US15/520,101 priority patent/US10757955B2/en
Publication of WO2016063121A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016063121A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/16Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/34Tea substitutes, e.g. matè; Extracts or infusions thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/40Tea flavour; Tea oil; Flavouring of tea or tea extract
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/40Tea flavour; Tea oil; Flavouring of tea or tea extract
    • A23F3/405Flavouring with flavours other than natural tea flavour or tea oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing tea leaf extracts having different tastes, and a beverage prepared by using the extract obtained by the method as a raw material. Background technique
  • Extraction is an essential process step in the production of tea powder and ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages.
  • many extraction techniques such as microwave assisted or ultrasonic assisted extraction, ultrahigh pressure extraction
  • a hot water extraction method based on a batch processing method.
  • in-tank extraction and metal mesh extraction the use of batch-processed hot water extraction methods is sufficient for the production of one- or two-part extracts that can be used directly in the manufacture of ready-to-drink beverage products, such as stock solutions.
  • the batch process is indeed a simple, fast and cost-effective extraction process.
  • these advantages of batch processing are at the expense of the intensity, concentration and extraction efficiency of the aromatic odor.
  • the tea extract prepared by the method has low aromatic intensity, which is caused not only by the generally believed loss of volatilization during the extraction process, but also by the low extraction rate caused by low temperature, short contact time, and in tea.
  • Use of a polar solvent for the non-polar aroma component It is evident that significant aromatics remain in the feedstock after batch extraction.
  • Another method of producing tea extracts is column extraction.
  • the cylinder is filled with tea leaves and hot water enters the bottom of the column and passes through the entire column.
  • the concentrated tea extract emerges from the top of the column and is rapidly cooled to room temperature or below room temperature.
  • the tea concentrate e.g., 5-20 Brix
  • the aromatics of the tea are well retained in the production process.
  • the treatment of the extract is to directly discharge the extract, and the purpose is to make at least one substance in the extract.
  • the extraction efficiency is higher.
  • the present invention continuously collects the eluate in stages, realizes separation of taste, and can also collect different segments according to the taste change shown in the relative taste intensity curve.
  • the extracts are recombined to give products of different tastes. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing tea extracts having different tastes.
  • the method utilizes the column extraction technology, elutes the tea leaves with water, and the eluate is continuously collected in stages, thereby realizing the separation of the taste of the tea leaves, and can also be recombined by different extracts according to the relative taste intensity curve. Get products with different tastes.
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing tea leaf extracts having different tastes, the method comprising the steps of: 1) loading the tea leaves into the extraction column, continuously extracting with water at 5 ° C - 140 ° C at a flow rate of 20-200 mL / min, and collecting the extracts in stages to draw a relative taste intensity curve; wherein the relative taste The intensity curve is selected from the group consisting of a bitterness curve, a taste curve, a umami curve, a sweet taste curve or a combination thereof;
  • the method of the present invention further comprises recombining the collected different sections of the extract, and mixing with the milk, juice or plant extract to obtain a more flavored beverage.
  • the plant extract is a conventional plant extract for addition to a drink, including but not limited to an extract of chrysanthemum, medlar or mangosteen.
  • the tea leaves used in the present invention include, for example, green teas such as Longjing, Biluochun, and Zhuyeqing which are not fermented; black teas having Zhengshan race, red crushed tea, blush, etc.; for example, Pu'er, Qizi, and Qing Black teas such as brick tea; oolong teas such as Wuyi Rock Tea, Tieguanyin, etc.; yellow teas such as Junshan Silver Needle, Mengding Yellow Bud, etc.; white teas such as silver needle bai, gongmei; or A mixture comprising a combination of two or more thereof is included. Among them, green tea or black tea is preferably used.
  • the extraction system used in the method of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the present invention adopts a columnar extraction column for extraction, preferably a closed columnar extraction column, and the tea leaves are filled into the extraction column, and the extraction water is extracted from the extraction column.
  • the extraction is carried out by extracting one end to the other end, preferably by passing water from the lower end to the upper end of the extraction column.
  • the taste of the present invention generally refers to "bitter taste", "sweet taste”, “sweet taste” and "sweet taste” ⁇
  • bitterness in tea is mainly derived from alkaloids, anthocyanins, tea saponins and the like.
  • the "smell” refers to a feeling of convergence produced when the oral protein is stimulated to solidify.
  • the astringency is mainly derived from tea polyphenols, tannins, and EGCG.
  • the "savory taste” refers to a taste taste caused by a compound such as glutamic acid, and the taste thereof comes.
  • the source is mainly glutamic acid, theanine, 5-inosinic acid, 5'-guanylic acid, sodium inosine, sodium guanylate or sodium glutamate.
  • sweet aftertaste is a pleasant feeling caused by sugar. Certain proteins and some other non-sugar special substances can also cause sweetness. Sweet is usually associated with an aldehyde group and a ketone group attached to a carbonyl group.
  • the invention realizes the recombination of the tea taste by drawing the relative taste intensity curves of bitterness, astringency, umami taste and sweet taste, and obtains products with different tastes.
  • the method for drawing the relative taste intensity curve is as follows:
  • step 4) The sample obtained by step 3) was subjected to sensory evaluation by the panel.
  • the panel consisted of at least 5 professional evaluators, and the bitterness, astringency, umami taste and sweetness of each sample were scored separately. , taking the average as the final score, which is the relative taste intensity of the sample;
  • the intensity of bitterness, astringency, umami taste and sweet aftertaste are set from low to high, respectively, from 0 minutes to 10 minutes, a total of 11 points, of which 0 points - 2 points are low, 2 points - 4 points Low, 4 points - 6 points are medium, 6 points - 8 points are medium to high, 8 points - 10 points are high, and each flavor intensity of the reference product obtained in step 3) is set to 5;
  • the temperature of the extraction water is preferably from 40 ° C to 100 ° C, more preferably from 60 ° C to 90 ° C.
  • the flow rate of water is preferably 50-150 mL/min. When the flow rate is too large, the swelling of the tea leaves is uneven; when the flow rate is too slow, the extraction time is prolonged and the production efficiency is low.
  • the extraction water it is preferred to use the extraction water to flow upward from the lower side of the column, and to allow the water to flow from bottom to top, thereby avoiding the occurrence of compaction and clogging of the tea leaves, and improving the extraction rate.
  • the pressure during the extraction is preferably from 0.1 Mpa to 2 Mpa, more preferably from 0.1 Mpa to 1 Mpa.
  • the temperature, flow rate and pressure during the extraction are preferably linear or non-linear.
  • the tea leaves have a particle diameter of 10 to 100 mesh.
  • an antioxidant in order to match the taste of the tea, an antioxidant, a fragrance, various esters, an organic acid, a pigment, an emulsifier, a preservative, a seasoning, a sweetener, and the like may be added.
  • Additives such as sour agents, vitamins, amino acids, vegetable extracts, quality stabilizers, pH adjusters, etc., may be added singly or in combination.
  • the method of the present invention is equally applicable to other flavored herbaceous or woody plants, such as chrysanthemum, etc., any herbal extracts and woody plant extracts having different tastes prepared by the method and their recombination
  • the beverages obtained afterwards are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The method of the present invention collects the extract by segmentation and draws its relative taste curve, and by analyzing the relative taste curve, it can be known that in the early extract, the desired sensory attribute such as the flavor attribute is known.
  • the shrinking step produces a tea extract having a high quality taste and a high concentration, and the extraction rate is high.
  • the product concentration of the present invention can reach 8-20 Brix, while the traditional tea soup concentration is less than 1 Brix; the extraction rate of the present invention can reach 38%, while the extraction rate of the conventional batch extraction is about 25%. Therefore, the method of the present invention not only saves energy, but also avoids chemical changes caused by heating in the concentration process to affect the taste quality of the product.
  • the method of the present invention recombines the collected different sections of the extract or mixes with milk, juice or plant extract according to the change in taste displayed in the relative taste intensity curve, which can be achieved in a very flexible manner.
  • the sensory attributes of the tea extract are re-equilibrated to give a beverage of different tastes.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the extraction system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a relative taste intensity curve of green tea extract
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the relative concentration changes of amino acids during green tea extraction
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the relative concentration of total polyphenols during green tea extraction
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the relative concentration change of EGCG during green tea extraction
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the relative concentration of caffeine during green tea extraction
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the changes in Brix and extraction rate during green tea extraction
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the relative taste intensity of the black tea extract
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the relative concentration changes of amino acids during the extraction of black tea.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the relative concentration of total polyphenols during the extraction of black tea
  • Figure 1 1 is a graph showing the relative concentration of flavonoid glycosides during the extraction of black tea
  • Figure 12 is a graph showing the relative concentration of caffeine during the extraction of black tea
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing changes in Brix and extraction rate during the extraction of black tea.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the following detailed description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive.
  • Example 1 Preparation Method of Green Tea Extract with Different Tastes
  • the pressure during the extraction process is 0.1Mpa - 2Mpa.
  • step 4) The sample obtained by step 3) was subjected to sensory evaluation by the panel.
  • the panel consisted of 10 professional evaluators, and the bitterness, astringency, umami taste and sweetness of each sample were scored separately. Taking the average of the score as the final score, and the final score is the relative taste intensity of the sample;
  • the first 5 portions of the green tea extract are recombined to form a tea syrup solution having the taste and aroma of the concentrated classic Longjing green tea, and having the sense of quality authentic brewed tea. Quality and superior consumer experience.
  • the present invention also measures the concentrations of amino acids, total polyphenols, EGCG and caffeine in the collected 9 samples to analyze the correlation between the four substances in green tea and the taste of the green tea extract.
  • the present invention measures the relative concentrations of the four substances by the LC-MS method, and the results are shown in Fig. 3-6.
  • Figure 3 shows that the relative concentration of amino acids is higher in the early extraction stage and then decreases rapidly.
  • the main source of umami in green tea is glutamic acid.
  • the relative concentration of amino acids in Figure 3 is similar to the change in umami in Figure 2.
  • Figures 4–6 show the plots of the relative concentrations of total polyphenols, EGCG, and caffeine.
  • the relative concentrations of the three are lower at the initial stage and then increase significantly.
  • the three are the main sources of bitterness and astringency in green tea, similar to the trend of bitterness and astringency in Figure 2.
  • the method of the present embodiment can achieve an extraction rate of 32.9% (Fig. 7).
  • Fig. 7 As shown in Fig. 7, as the mass ratio of water to green tea increases, the extraction rate gradually increases, and the cumulative brix gradually decreases. At 25%, a tea concentrate having a Brix degree higher than 7 can be obtained.
  • Example 2 Preparation method of black tea extract having different tastes
  • the pressure during the extraction process is 0.1Mpa - 2Mpa.
  • step 4) The sample obtained by step 3) was subjected to sensory evaluation by the panel.
  • the panel consisted of 20 professional evaluators, and the bitterness, astringency and sweetness of each sample were respectively tested. Points, the average of the scores is taken as the final score, and the final score is the relative taste intensity of the sample;
  • the present invention measures the relative concentrations of the above substances by LC-MS method, and the results are shown in Fig. 9-12.
  • Figure 9 shows the relative concentration changes of theanine, glutamic acid and total amino acids during the extraction of black tea, with theanine and glutamic acid being the main sources of umami.
  • Figure 9 shows that the relative concentrations of theanine and glutamic acid are higher in the early stages of black tea extraction and then rapidly decrease.
  • Figure 10-12 shows the relative concentration changes of total polyphenols, theaflavins and caffeine during the black tea extraction process.
  • the above three substances are the main sources of astringency and bitterness.
  • the three The relative concentration was lower in the early stage of black tea extraction, then increased, and then decreased, which is the same as the change in the relative taste curve of bitterness and astringency in Fig. 8.
  • the method of this example achieves an extraction rate of 38% (see Figure 13), which is much higher than the 26% extraction rate in conventional industrial extraction methods.
  • the extraction rate is 25%, an extract having a Brix of 10 can be obtained, and at this time, the mass ratio of tea to water is only 1:3, and a high concentration of black tea can be obtained without a concentration step. Shrink.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备具有不同味道的茶叶提取物的方法,以及用该方法制得的提取物制备饮料。所述方法是向萃取柱中加入茶叶,用5°C-140°C的水以20-200mL/min的流速进行连续萃取,分段收集提取液,绘制相对味道强度曲线。并且根据相对味道强度曲线中显示的味道变化情况,将收集到的不同段的提取液重新组合。本发明的方法不需要进行浓缩步骤即可产生具有优质味道和高浓度的茶叶提取物,萃取率高,且可以以非常灵活的方式对茶叶提取物的感官属性进行重新均衡,从而得到不同口味的饮料。

Description

制备具有不同味道的茶叶提取物的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备具有不同味道的茶叶提取物的方法,以及以该方法 得到的提取液为原料制得的饮料。 背景技术
在茶粉和即饮型 (RTD)饮料的生产中 ,提取是必不可少的工艺步骤。 在现 有技术中 ,已经发展或提出了很多提取技术(例如微波辅助或超声辅助提取、 超高压提取),然而在工业中被广泛应用的一类是基于分批处理方法的热水提 取方法,例如槽内提取和金属网提取。 一般情况下,使用分批处理的热水提 取方法对于生产可直接用于制造即饮型饮料产品的一倍浓度的提取液, 一批 或两批便可足够的 ,例如原液生产。 而为了防止不期望的组分(主要是具有 苦味和涩味的)进入到最终的提取液内 ,使用较短的提取时间( 10至 30分钟) 和相对较低的温度(代表性的 50 °C-80 °C )成为必要条件。 此外,为保持提 取率较高,水和原料的比率需要较高(如 50:1 )b 在一般情况下,分批处理方 法确实是一种简单、 快速和成本低的提取工艺方法。 然而 ,分批处理方法的 这些优势却是以芳香气味的强度、 浓度和提取效率为代价的。 该方法制备的 茶叶提取液中芳香强度较低,其原因不仅仅是由于普遍认为的提取过程中挥 发的损失,还来源于温度低、 接触时间短而造成的低提取率,以及用于茶叶 中非极性芳香组分的极性溶剂的使用。 显而易见的是,在分批提取之后仍有 显著的芳香物质保留在原料中。
因此, 一种可赋予茶浓縮物具有期望感官性能的技术成为必要。 尽管对 于原液或类似产物的生产来说,常规提取方法(如分批提取方法)得到的一 倍浓度的提取液( < 1 白利糖度)是足够的 ,然而对于生产浓缩物来说,则高 浓缩步骤则是不可避免的。 而现有技术中 ,浓縮步骤中需要去除大量的水, 这不仅会消耗大量能量,还会导致巨大的芳香物质浪费以及最终产物的感官 性能的改变。 并且使用分批提取方法也很难预防原料中不期望的属性(例如 苦味和涩味属性)从沥液进入茶汤中。
生产茶提取物的另一种方法是柱提取。 柱体用茶叶填充,热水从柱底进 入并穿过整个柱子。 浓缩的茶叶提取物从柱子顶端出来, 并快速冷却到室温 或低于室温。 该方法的一个优点是在没有额外的浓縮步骤的情况下即可生产 茶叶浓縮物(如 5-20白利糖度),因此在该生产工艺中茶叶的芳香物质得到了 很好的保留。
虽然国内外已有文献公开了以水为溶剂 ,使用柱提取的方法来制造茶提 取液,但其对提取液的处理方法是直接排出提取液, 并其目的是使得提取液 中至少一种物质的提取效率较高。 而本发明是根据洗脱的体积,对洗脱液进 行连续的分段收集,实现了对味道的分离, 并且还可根据相对味道强度曲线 中显示的味道变化情况,将收集到的不同段的提取液进行重新组合以得到不 同味道的产品。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题就是提供一种制备具有不同味道的茶叶提取 物的方法。 该方法利用柱萃取技术,用水对茶叶进行洗脱,洗脱液进行连续 的分段收集,从而实现了对茶叶味道的分离, 并且还可根据相对味道强度曲 线通过不同的萃取液的重新组合以得到不同味道的产品。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种制备具有不同味道的茶叶提取物的方法,该方法包括 以下步骤: 1 )将茶叶装入萃取柱,用 5°C-140°C的水以 20-200mL/min的流速进行 连续萃取,并分段收集提取液,绘制相对味道强度曲线;其中 ,所述相对味 道强度曲线选自苦味曲线、 涩味曲线、 鲜味曲线、 甜味后味曲线或其组合;
2 )根据相对味道强度曲线中显示的味道变化情况,将收集到的不同段 的提取液重新组合,即得到了具有不同味道的茶叶提取物。
进一步地 , 本发明的方法还包括将收集到的不同段的提取液重新组合 后 ,与牛奶、 果汁或植物提取物混合,从而获得更多口味的饮料。
进一步地,在本发明中 ,植物提取物为常规的用于添加到饮品中的植物 提取物 ,包括但不限于菊花、 枸杞或罗汉果的提取物。
进一步地,本发明所用的茶叶包括有例如不经过发酵的龙井、 碧螺春、 竹叶青等的绿茶类;有正山小种、 红碎茶、 祁红等的红茶类;有例如普洱、 七子饼、 青砖茶等的黑茶类;有例如武夷岩茶、 铁观音等的乌龙茶类;有例 如君山银针、 蒙顶黄芽等的黄茶类;有例如银针白毫、 贡眉等的白茶类;或 者包括它们 2种以上的组合的混合物。 其中优选使用绿茶或红茶。
本发明的方法所使用的萃取***如图 1 所示,本发明采用柱形萃取柱进 行萃取,优选采用封闭式柱形萃取柱,将茶叶灌装入萃取柱中 ,将萃取用水 从萃取柱的一端至另一端通过进行萃取,优选使水从萃取柱的下端至上端通 过进行萃取。 通过该萃取***,本发明实现了对茶叶味道的分离。 本发明所 谓味道通常指的是"苦味","涩味", "鲜味 "和"甜味后味' ό
其中 ,所述"苦味"是指不偷快的、 锐利的或者无法接受的感觉 ,茶叶中 的苦味主要来源于生物碱、 花青素、 茶皂素等。
所述"涩味"是指口腔蛋白质收到刺激而凝固时所产生的一种收敛的感 觉。 涩味主要来源于茶多酚、 单宁、 EGCG。
所述"鲜味"是指由如谷氨酸等化合物引发的一种味觉味道,其味道的来 源主要是谷氨酸、 茶氨酸、 5-肌苷酸、 5'-鸟苷酸、 肌苷酸钠、 鸟苷酸钠或谷 氨酸钠等。
所述"甜味后味"由糖引起的令人愉快的感觉。 某些蛋白质和一些其它非 糖类特殊物质也会引起甜味。 甜通常与连接到羰基上的醛基和酮基有关。
下面将详细说明本发明的制备具有不同味道的茶叶提取物的方法。
本发明通过绘制苦味、 涩味、 鲜味、 甜味后味的相对味道强度曲线实现 了对茶叶口味的重新组合,获得了不同味道的产品。 具体地,所述相对味道 强度曲线的绘制方法如下 :
1)以收集到的不同段的提取液作为样品 ;
2)以按照茶叶与水质量比 1 :50加入 70°C-80°C的热水浸泡 lOmin得到的 汤液作为参照品 ;
3)将样品和参照品配制为统一的浓度;
4)由评审小组对步骤 3 )所得的样品分别进行感官审评,该评审小组由 至少 5位专业品评人员构成,分别对各样品的苦味、 涩味、 鲜味、 甜味后味 强度进行打分 ,取平均值作为最终得分 ,该最终得分为该样品的相对味道强 度;
其中将苦味、 涩味、 鲜味、 甜味后味的强度分别由低到高共设定为 0分 -10分共 11分 ,其中 0分 -2分为低, 2分 -4分为中低, 4分 -6分为中等, 6 分 -8分为中高, 8分 -10分为高 ,并将步骤 3 )所得的参照品的各味道强度分 别设定为 5;
5)以水与茶叶的质量比为横坐标 ,以样品的相对味道强度作为纵坐标绘 制相对味道曲线。 本发明还可以通过对萃取参数的调整获得较好的味道区分效果及较高 的萃取率。 在本发明中 ,萃取用水的温度优选为 40°C-100°C ,更优选为 60°C-90°C。 在本发明中 ,水的流速优选为 50-150mL/min ,流速过大吋,茶叶的膨润 不均勻;流速过慢时,会导致提取时间延长,生产效率低。
在本发明中 ,优选使用将萃取用水由柱下方流向上方,通过使水由下至 上流动 ,从而避免出现茶叶压实堵塞的情况,提高萃取率。
在本发明中 , 萃取过程中的压力优选为 0.1Mpa-2Mpa , 更优选为 0.1Mpa-lMpa。
在本发明中 ,萃取过程中温度、 流速和压力优选为线性变化或非线性变 化。
在本发明中 ,茶叶的粒径为 10-100目。
在本发明所制备的饮料中 ,为与来茶叶的味道相配,还可添加抗氧化剂、 香料、 各种酯类、 有机酸类、 色素类、 乳化剂、 保存剂、 调味料、 甜味剂、 酸味剂、 维生素、 氨基酸、 蔬菜提取物、 品质稳定剂、 pH调节剂等添加物, 既可单独添加,也可并用。
本发明的方法也同样适用于其他的具有味道的草本植物或木本植物 ,例 如菊花等,任何采用本方法所制得的具有不同味道的草本植物提取物和木本 植物提取物及其重新组合后所获得的饮品均属于本发明的保护范围。 本发明的有益效果如下: 本发明的方法通过分段收集提取液并绘制其相对味道曲线,通过对相对 味道曲线的分析可以得知,在早期的提取液中 ,期望的感官属性例如鲜味属 性在早期的萃取液中被加强,而在茶叶中出现的其他不被期望的组分例如苦 味和涩味则在后期阶段被洗脱出来,从而实现了味道的分离,这实现了不需 要进行浓縮步骤即可产生具有优质味道和高浓度的茶提取液,且提取率高。 本发明的产品浓度可达到 8-20白利糖度,而传统的茶汤浓度小于 1 白利糖度; 本发明的提取率可达到 38% ,而传统的分批萃取的提取率约为 25%。 因此, 本发明的方法不仅节约了能源, 并且还避免了浓缩工艺中加热而产生的化学 变化从而影响产品的味道品质。
进一步,本发明的方法根据相对味道强度曲线中显示的味道变化情况, 对收集到的不同段的提取液进行重新组合或与牛奶、 果汁或植物提取物混合, 这样可以实现以非常灵活的方式对茶提取液的感官属性进行重新均衡,从而 得到不同口味的饮料。 附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图 1为本发明的萃取***示意图 ;
图 2为绿茶提取液的相对味道强度曲线;
图 3为绿茶萃取过程中氨基酸的相对浓度变化曲线图 ;
图 4为绿茶萃取过程中总多酚的相对浓度变化曲线图 ;
图 5为绿茶萃取过程中 EGCG的相对浓度变化曲线图 ;
图 6为绿茶萃取过程中咖啡因的相对浓度变化曲线图 ;
图 7为绿茶萃取过程中白利糖度和萃取率的变化曲线图 ;
图 8为红茶提取液的相对味道强度曲线;
图 9为红茶萃取过程中氨基酸的相对浓度变化曲线图 ;
图 10为红茶萃取过程中总多酚的相对浓度变化曲线图 ;
图 1 1为红茶萃取过程中黄酮苷的相对浓度变化曲线图 ;
图 12为红茶萃取过程中咖啡因的相对浓度变化曲线图 ;
图 13为红茶萃取过程中白利糖度和萃取率的变化曲线图。 具体实施方式 为了更清楚地说明本发明 ,下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一 步的说明。 本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而 非限制性的 ,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。 实施例 1 具有不同味道的绿茶提取物的制备方法
将 400g粒径为 16-32目的绿茶茶叶装入萃取柱,以 100 mL/min的流速连 续供给 60°C的热水进行萃取,萃取开始后立即收集提取液直至水、 茶的体积 比为 1 : 1 ,获得第 1段提取液;同理按照相同的水、 茶体积比收集第 2-9段提 取液。
其中 ,萃取过程中的压力为 0.1Mpa -2Mpa。
绘制苦味、 涩味、 鲜味、 甜味后味的相对味道曲线:
1 )以该 9份提取液作为样品 ;
2 )以按照茶水质量比 1 :50加入 70°C的热水浸泡 lOmin得到的绿茶汤作 为参照品 ;
3 )将样品和参照品统一配制为 0.2Brix浓度;
4 )由评审小组对步骤 3 )所得的样品分别进行感官审评,该评审小组由 10位专业品评人员构成,分别对各样品的苦味、 涩味、 鲜味、 甜味后味强度 进行打分,取打分的平均值作为最终得分,最终得分为该样品的相对味道强 度;
5 )以水与茶叶的质量比为横坐标 , 以样品的相对味道强度作为纵坐标 绘制相对味道曲线,如图 2所示。 由图 2可得,绿茶提取液的味道属性在萃取早期是鲜味和甜味后味为主, 随着洗脱体积逐步增加,鲜味和甜味后味逐步降低,苦味和涩味逐步升高 , 最终以苦味和涩味为主。
根据图 2中显示的味道变化情况,将前 5份绿茶提取液进行重新组合, 形成茶糖浆溶液,该茶糖浆溶液具有浓缩的经典龙井绿茶的味道和芳香,且 具有优质正宗泡制茶的感官品质和出众的消费体验。 进一步地,本发明还对收集到的 9 份样品中的氨基酸、 总多酚、 EGCG 和咖啡因的浓度进行了测定,以分析绿茶中所述 4 种物质与绿茶提取液味道 的相关性。
本发明通过 LC-MS方法分别测定所述 4种物质的相对浓度,结果如图 3-6 所示。
图 3 表明氨基酸的相对浓度在早期的萃取阶段中较高,然后迅速降低。 绿茶中鲜味的主要来源为谷氨酸, 图 3 中氨基酸的相对浓度变化趋势与图 2 中鲜味的变化趋势相似。
图 4-图 6表明了总多酚、 EGCG和咖啡因的相对浓度的变化曲线图 , 由 图 4-6可以看出 ,三者的相对浓度在起始阶段较低,然后出现大幅升高。 三者 是绿茶中苦味和涩味的主要来源,与图 2中苦味和涩味的变化趋势相似。 本实施例的方法可达到 32.9%的萃取率(图 7 > 如图 7所示,随着水与 绿茶质量比的增加,萃取率逐渐升高 ,累积白利糖度逐渐降低。 在洗脱效率 为 25%时, 可得到白利糖度高于 7的茶浓縮物。 实施例 2 具有不同味道的红茶提取物的制备方法
将 600g的红碎茶 (CTC black tea)装入萃取柱,以 200 mL/min-20 mL/min 梯度递减的流速连续供给 90°C的热水进行萃取,萃取开始后立即收集提取液 直至水、 茶的体积比为 1 : 1 ,获得第 1段提取液;同理按照相同的水、 茶体积 比收集第 2-7段提取液。
其中 ,萃取过程中的压力为 0.1Mpa -2Mpa。
绘制红茶提取物中苦味、 涩味、 鲜味、 甜味后味的相对味道曲线:
1 )以该 7份提取液作为样品 ;
2 )以按照茶水质量比 1 :50加入 80°C的热水浸泡 lOmin得到的红茶茶汤 作为参照品 ;
3 )将样品和参照品统一配制为 0.2Brix浓度;
4 )由评审小组对步骤 3 )所得的样品分别进行感官审评,该评审小组由 20位专业品评人员构成,分别对各样品的苦味、 涩味、 甜味后味强度进行打 分,取打分的平均值作为最终得分 ,最终得分为该样品的相对味道强度;
5 )以水与茶叶的质量比为横坐标 , 以样品的相对味道强度作为纵坐标 绘制相对味道曲线,如图 8所示。 由图 8可得,红茶萃取液在起始阶段苦味、 涩味和甜味后味的相对味道 强度较低,随后逐步增长,最终又降低。
根据图 8 中显示的味道变化情况,将收集到的不同段提取液进行组合, 或者重新组合后与牛奶、 果汁或植物提取物混合,本发明示例性列举如下几 种组合方式:
1 )制备纯正红茶:将收集到的前 5份红茶提取液进行重新组合,形成具 有纯正优质的红茶味道的饮料,该饮料具有强化的甜味芳香与好的色泽平衡, 且具有较少的苦味和涩味。
2 )制备奶茶:将收集到的后 4份红茶提取液重新组合,作为奶茶的基础, 并与新鲜牛奶混合,形成具有优质味道和芳香的奶茶。
3 )制备果汁茶:将收集到的前 5份红茶提取液重新组合,并加入天然果 汁和植物提取物 ,以实现出众的多层感官经验,其中天然果汁包括桃汁、 柠 檬汁等,植物提取物包括红枣的枣汁等。 进一步地,本发明还对收集到的 7份样品中的氨基酸、 总多酚、 茶黄素、 咖啡因的浓度进行了测定,以分析红茶中上述物质浓度与红茶提取液味道的 相关性。
本发明通过 LC-MS 方法分别测定上述物质的相对浓度,结果如图 9-12 所示。
图 9 显示了在红茶萃取过程中茶氨酸、 谷氨酸和总氨基酸的相对浓度变 化图 ,其中茶氨酸和谷氨酸是鲜味的主要来源。 图 9 表明茶氨酸和谷氨酸的 相对浓度在红茶萃取的早期阶段较高,然后迅速下降。
图 10-12显示了在红茶萃取过程中总多酚、茶黄素和咖啡因的相对浓度变 化图 ,其中上述三种物质是涩味和苦味的主要来源, 由图 9-12可以看出 ,三 者的相对浓度在红茶萃取的早期阶段较低,随后升高,然后又出现下降趋势, 这与图 8中苦味和涩味的相对味道曲线的变化趋势相同。 本实施例的方法可达到 38%的萃取率(见图 13 ),远高于常规的工业萃取 方法中 26%的萃取率。 并且在萃取率为 25%时,可得到白利糖度为 10的萃取 液,而此时茶与水的质量比仅为 1 :3,实现了不需要浓縮步骤即可得到高浓度 的红茶浓縮物。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而 并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在 上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动 ,这里无法对所有 的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变 化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种制备具有不同味道的茶叶提取物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下 步骤:
1 )将茶叶装入萃取柱,用 5°C-140°C的水以 20-200mL/min的流速进行连 续萃取,分段收集提取液,绘制相对味道强度曲线;其中 ,所述相对味道强 度曲线选自苦味曲线、 涩味曲线、 鲜味曲线、 甜味后味曲线或其组合;
2 )根据相对味道强度曲线中显示的味道变化情况,将收集到的不同段的 提取液重新组合。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将不同段的提取液 重新组合后,与牛奶、 果汁或植物提取物混合。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,使用 40°C-100°C的水进行 萃取。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,使用 60°C-90°C的水进行萃 取。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法 , 其特征在于 , 萃取过程中的压力为 0.1Mpa-2Mpa。
6. 根据权利要求 1-5 任一所述的方法,其特征在于,萃取过程中温度、 流速和 /或压力是线性变化或非线性变化。
7. 根据权利要求 1-5任一所述的方法,其特征在于,萃取过程中将水从 萃取柱的下端至上端通过进行萃取。
8. 根据权利要求 1-5任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述相对味道曲线 是通过采用专业品评人员组成的审评小组进行评分来进行绘制的。
9. 根据权利要求 1-5任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述茶叶为绿茶、 红茶、 黑茶、 乌龙茶、 黄茶、 白茶或其组合物。
10. 根据权利要求 2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述植物提取物选自菊花、 枸杞或罗汉果的提取物。
11. 含有权利要求 1所述的方法制得的茶叶提取物的茶饮料。
12. 含有权利要求 2所述的方法制得的茶叶提取物的茶饮料。
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