WO2008001714A1 - Système de barrière de péage automatique sans équipement de reconnaissance de la classe de véhicule - Google Patents
Système de barrière de péage automatique sans équipement de reconnaissance de la classe de véhicule Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008001714A1 WO2008001714A1 PCT/JP2007/062680 JP2007062680W WO2008001714A1 WO 2008001714 A1 WO2008001714 A1 WO 2008001714A1 JP 2007062680 W JP2007062680 W JP 2007062680W WO 2008001714 A1 WO2008001714 A1 WO 2008001714A1
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- Prior art keywords
- vehicle type
- information
- vehicle
- toll
- license plate
- Prior art date
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101000841210 Xenopus laevis Endothelin-3 receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
- G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
- G06Q20/14—Payment architectures specially adapted for billing systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/40—Business processes related to the transportation industry
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a toll road automatic toll collection system.
- Toll road toll collection systems are known in which users pay for tolls by inserting payment media such as cash and cards into an automatic toll collection machine.
- the vehicle type of the user is automatically determined by the vehicle type determination device.
- the automatic toll collector calculates the toll based on the determined vehicle type and collects the toll.
- JP 2003-187279 A describes a toll collection system for toll roads.
- the toll collection system includes the following: a vehicle type discriminating device that discriminates the type of the vehicle that has arrived at the exit of the toll gate; reads the toll collection information recorded on the pass ticket, and the discriminated model and the recorded vehicle type In the case of conflict, the toll is calculated based on the toll collection information, the toll collector that collects the toll; the TV camera that captures the vehicle that passes through the toll gate exit; and is recorded as the discriminated model If the vehicle type does not match, the monitoring panel that displays the video taken by the TV camera and toll collection information and prompts the receipt monitor to determine the vehicle type; and the video displayed on the monitoring panel A toll collector that calculates tolls based on the vehicle type determined by the toll collector based on the toll collection information and collects tolls.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic toll collection system that can prevent misidentification of a vehicle type with simple equipment.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic fee collection system that makes it possible to prevent improperness due to replacement of a recording medium issued at an entrance with simple equipment.
- the automatic toll collection system captures an image of a vehicle that enters a driving lane of a toll booth, and exits from the area where the license plate of the image is captured.
- a license plate reading unit for generating vehicle information, a recording medium force provided to the vehicle in the driving lane, a medium reading unit for reading vehicle type information and license plate information, an output license plate information and license plate information
- a calculation unit for calculating a charge using vehicle type information when the result of the verification matches.
- An automatic toll collection system includes a vehicle detector that detects a vehicle upstream of a toll collector at an exit toll gate.
- the license plate reading unit captures an image in response to vehicle detection by the vehicle detector.
- the automatic toll collection system collects information on the vehicle type input by the person in charge via the input unit and an output unit that performs a predetermined output to the person in charge when the results of the verification do not match. And a collecting unit.
- the calculation unit calculates a fee using the input vehicle type information.
- An automatic toll collection system includes a vehicle type discriminating unit for generating vehicle type information indicating the vehicle type of a vehicle entering the entrance toll gate, and an entrance license plate reading for reading the license plate of the vehicle entering the entrance toll gate. And an issuing unit for writing and issuing the license plate information read by the entrance license plate reading unit as license plate information on the recording medium.
- the license plate reading unit and the medium reading unit are installed at an exit toll gate downstream of the entrance toll gate.
- the medium reading unit is a vehicle type history information that is information on a vehicle type used for calculating a fee for each of a plurality of passes from the recording medium. Read. When the vehicle type history information satisfies a predetermined condition, the calculation unit calculates a fee using the vehicle type information included in the vehicle type history information.
- the predetermined condition is a condition that all pieces of information indicating a plurality of vehicle types included in the vehicle type history information are consistent.
- the step of installing a toll collector that calculates the fee by reading the above the step of installing a camera to capture the image of the vehicle upstream of the toll collector at the toll gate, and the image power to the toll collector Based on the vehicle type information when the information on the extracted license plate matches the license plate information. And installing a program for calculating charges.
- an automatic toll collection system that can prevent misidentification of a vehicle type with simple equipment.
- an automatic fee collection system that makes it possible to prevent improperness due to replacement of a recording medium issued at the entrance with simple equipment.
- FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of a toll road is shown.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a toll road to which the automatic toll collection system according to the present embodiment is applied.
- Entrance toll gate 2 is installed on the toll road.
- the entrance toll gate 2 includes a vehicle type identification device 6, a license plate reader 8, and a pass ticket issuing machine 10.
- the vehicle type discriminating device 6 detects the outer shape exemplified by the vehicle length, vehicle height, vehicle width, and number of axles of the vehicle entering the entrance toll gate 2, and based on the detected outer shape, the vehicle type of the vehicle Is generated and transmitted to the ticket issuing machine 10.
- Vehicle type information is categorized into “Small cars”, “Medium-sized cars”, “Large-sized cars”, “Motorcycles”, “Unknown models”, and so on.
- the license plate reading device 8 photographs a vehicle existing at the upstream side of the toll issuing machine 10 at the entrance toll gate 2. Image recognition is then performed on the captured vehicle image. Then, number plate information, which is information indicating characters (including numbers) written on the license plate, is generated and transmitted to the pass ticket issuing machine 10.
- the ticket issuing machine 10 issues a ticket for each of the vehicles entering the entrance toll gate 2.
- the pass ticket issuing machine 10 includes the vehicle type information received from the vehicle type discriminating device 6, the license plate information received from the number plate reader 8, the entrance time indicating the current time at the entrance toll gate 2, and the entrance toll gate. Write 2 in the toll ticket 11 with the entry toll gate information to identify 2 and distinguish it from other entrance toll gates, and issue it to vehicles existing in the travel lane of entrance toll gate 2.
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the exit toll booth 4.
- the exit toll gate 4 has a traffic lane 15 where the vehicle passes.
- a start controller 16 and a start detector 18 are installed at the exit of the traffic lane 15 of the exit toll booth 4.
- the plurality of traffic lanes 15 are separated from each other by islands 12.
- a vehicle approach detection sensor 22, a license plate reader 24, and an automatic toll collector 20 are installed.
- the exit toll gate 4 is not provided with a vehicle type identification device that generates information indicating the vehicle type based on the physical characteristics of the vehicle. Therefore, the area of the island 12 is smaller than when the vehicle type identification device is installed.
- the vehicle type discriminating device and the toll collector 20 are long so that the vehicle length can be measured even for a long vehicle such as a trailer. Distance is needed. As a result, the length of the island 12 in the traveling direction is designed to be large.
- the exit toll gate 4 in the present embodiment is not provided with a vehicle type identification device, and therefore the length of the island 12 in the traveling direction may be small. Such an exit toll gate 4 can be installed on a small-area site and the construction period is short.
- the vehicle entry detection sensor 22 generates a detection signal indicating that the presence of a vehicle entering the entrance of the exit toll gate 4 has been detected, and transmits the detection signal to the automatic toll collector 20.
- the license plate reading device 24 is recorded on the license plate by photographing the vehicle upstream of the position where the automatic toll collector 20 is installed and performing image recognition on the photographed image!
- the toll gate license plate information which is information indicating the characters (including numbers) to be generated, is generated and sent to the automatic toll collector 20.
- the automatic toll collector 20 is realized by a computer including an arithmetic control device, a storage device, an input device, an output device, and a communication device.
- the toll collector 20 displays the toll for vehicles in the traffic lane 15, receives payment media exemplified by cash, credit cards and ET C cards from the vehicles and automatically settles the fees. Do.
- the start controller 16 includes a bar that can be opened and closed.
- the start controller 16 controls the bar to be in one of an open state and a closed state in response to a signal received from the automatic toll collector 20.
- When the bar is closed it prevents a vehicle in the traffic lane 15 from running away downstream of the exit toll booth 4.
- the office 14 There is an office 14 at the exit toll gate 4. An office worker is assigned to the office.
- the office 14 has a monitoring panel 26 operated by a clerk.
- the monitoring panel 26 is realized by a computer including an arithmetic control device, a storage device, an input device, an output device, and a communication device.
- the monitoring panel 26 receives signals from the start controller 16, the start detection device 18, the vehicle approach detection sensor 22, the license plate reader 24 and the toll collector 20, and information indicating the operation and status of these devices. Is monitored, stored in a storage device, and output to a display device.
- FIG. 3 shows a charge calculation program 28 stored in the storage device of the automatic charge receiver 20.
- the charge calculation program 28 is a software product that is read and executed by the arithmetic and control unit of the automatic charge receiver 20.
- the fee calculation program 28 includes a medium reading unit 30, a verification unit 32, a calculation unit 34, and a vehicle information requesting unit 36.
- FIG. 4 shows information written on the pass ticket 11.
- the pass ticket 11 includes a magnetic stripe for magnetically storing information and a storage medium readable by a computer exemplified by a semiconductor storage element.
- a storage medium readable by a computer exemplified by a semiconductor storage element.
- an entrance time 37, an entrance toll gate name 38, license plate information 40, and vehicle type information 42 are recorded.
- FIG. 5 shows information recorded on the ETC card 44.
- the ETC card 44 is recorded with a card ID 46 that is uniquely assigned to the card and that can be uniquely identified from other cards.
- the ETC card 44 further records current running information 48. For current driving information 48, enter the toll road from entrance toll gate 2 and use the toll road In the vehicle inside, the date and time 50 when entering the toll road from the entrance toll gate 2, the entrance toll gate name 52, and the vehicle type 54 are recorded. Further, a traffic history 56 is recorded on the ETC card 44.
- the traffic history 56 is information on the use of past toll roads.
- Traffic history 56 shows the date and time 58 when the vehicle entered the toll road through the entrance toll gate 2, the name 60 of the entrance toll gate, the date and time 62 when the vehicle exited the toll road through the exit toll gate 4, and the exit fee. It includes a place name 66 and a vehicle type 66 indicating information on the vehicle type used by the toll road operator's equipment such as an automatic toll collector to settle the toll.
- a vehicle enters the entrance toll gate 2.
- the vehicle type discriminating device 6 generates vehicle information indicating the result of measuring the vehicle and estimating the vehicle type.
- the license plate reader generates license plate information, which is the result of reading a character by image recognition of the vehicle.
- the pass ticket issuing machine 11 writes the pass ticket 11 with the entrance time 37, the entrance toll gate name 38, the license plate information 40, and the vehicle type information 42 and issues them.
- the vehicle occupant receives the toll 11, and the vehicle starts from the entrance toll gate 2 and travels on the toll road.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the automatic toll collection system at the exit toll booth 4.
- the start controller 16 When there is no vehicle in the traveling lane 15, the start controller 16 is controlled to be in a closed state.
- the vehicle enters lane 15 for exiting toll road force at the desired exit toll booth 4.
- the vehicle entry detection sensor 22 detects that the vehicle has entered and transmits a detection signal to the automatic toll collector 20 (step S2).
- the license plate reader 24 captures an image of the vehicle in response to the detection signal.
- the toll gate license plate information is generated by recognizing the captured video and transmitted to the automatic toll collector 20 (step S4).
- the vehicle occupant moves the vehicle along the travel lane 15 and stops near the automatic toll collector 20. Then, the pass ticket 11 is inserted into the pass ticket slot provided in the automatic toll collector 20 (step S6).
- the medium reading unit 30 reads information recorded in the pass ticket 11 (Step S8).
- the collating unit 32 collates the exit toll gate number plate information received from the license plate reader 24 with the license plate information 40 read from the pass ticket 11 (step S10).
- step S10NO When the vehicle type cannot be determined by the vehicle type determination device 6 at the entrance toll gate 2, information indicating that “the vehicle type is unknown” is written in the vehicle type information 42 of the pass ticket 11. If the medium reading unit 30 reads “unknown vehicle type” in step S8, the following processing is performed in the following processing as if the result of matching did not match in step S10 (step S10NO).
- the processing when the license plate cannot be read is set as appropriate according to the environment of the exit toll booth 4 or the like. For example, if the reading accuracy of the license plate reader 24 decreases due to sunlight, and if the license plate cannot be read, the vehicle type information 42 of the pass ticket 11 is trusted, and the verification result is obtained in step S10. The same processing is performed as when they match.
- the automatic toll collection machine 20 associates the result of the verification in step S10 with the exit plate number plate information and the license plate information 40 read from the toll ticket 11, and the number plate verification history list.
- This list is displayed on the display device in response to a predetermined input operation on the monitoring panel 26.
- the calculation unit 34 calculates a toll based on the vehicle type information read from the toll ticket 11 and displays it on the vehicle (step S12).
- step S10 If the result of collation in step S10 is inconsistent, there is no power as to whether the vehicle type information 42 recorded in the pass ticket 11 is valid. Therefore, the vehicle type information request unit 36 transmits a mismatch signal indicating that the license plate information 40 and the exit tollgate license plate information do not match to the monitoring panel 26, and requests the monitoring panel 26 for the vehicle type information. (Step S14). [0039] Upon receiving the mismatch signal, the monitoring panel 26 outputs to the clerk of the office 14 that the mismatch signal has been received by voice, lamp, screen display, or the like. The input of the vehicle type is accepted by the input device of the monitoring panel 26. Who is the clerk? The model of the vehicle is determined and entered by confirmation (step S16).
- the calculation unit 34 calculates the toll and displays it on the vehicle using the entrance toll gate information 38 read from the toll ticket 11 and the information on the vehicle type input to the monitoring panel 26 by the clerk. (Step S18).
- the vehicle occupant makes payment of tolls by inserting payment media exemplified by cash, credit cards and ETC cards into the automatic toll collection machine 20 (step S20).
- the calculation unit 34 calculates the fee, performs the checkout process, and pays out the necessary change (step S22).
- the automatic toll collector 20 transmits a signal instructing to open the start controller 16 when the payment is completed normally.
- the bar of the start controller 16 is set to the open state (step S2 4).
- the vehicle occupant starts the vehicle and runs away from the driving lane 15 (step S 126).
- the vehicle type information 42 is recorded on the toll ticket 11 presented at the exit toll booth 4, and the reliability of the vehicle type information 42.
- the license plate information 40 written on the toll ticket 11 and It is verified by collating with the license plate information recognized at the exit toll gate 4. Therefore, even if the vehicle type is not discriminated by the vehicle type discriminating device at the exit toll gate 4, it is possible to discriminate the vehicle type reliably. Therefore, automatic toll collection is possible without a vehicle type identification device. License plate verification prevents fraud such as multiple users exchanging pass tickets 11 on toll roads.
- the exit toll booth 4 having the configuration shown in FIG. 2 is suitable for remodeling and installing a manned toll booth (toll collection is performed by a toll stand by beside the driving lane 15). And The construction is carried out as follows.
- a toll gate where a toll person visually discriminates a vehicle and collects tolls based on the vehicle type is the target of construction.
- An automatic toll collector 20 will be installed at the toll gate. Take a picture of the vehicle on the upstream side of the automatic toll collector 20 and read the license plate A license plate reader 24 is installed.
- the charge calculation program 28 is installed in the automatic charge receiver 20.
- the exit toll gate 4 does not include a vehicle type identification device, it is easy to install and the construction period is short. Because the island 14 is short, it can be used as it is with the manned tollgate island or it can be used as it is.
- FIG. 7 shows the operation of the toll collection system in that case.
- the vehicle-mounted device communicates with the roadside antenna of the ETC system without contact.
- the user gives the ETC card 44 to the toll collector at the entrance toll gate 2.
- the time 50 and the entrance toll gate name 52 are written.
- the ETC card 44 is further written with the vehicle type 54 determined by the vehicle type determination device 6 installed at the entrance toll gate 2.
- the start controller 16 In a state where the vehicle is in the traveling lane 15, the start controller 16 is controlled to be in a closed state.
- the vehicle enters lane 15 for exiting the toll road at the desired exit toll gate 4.
- the vehicle entry detection sensor 22 detects that the vehicle has entered and transmits a detection signal to the automatic toll collector 20 (step S102).
- the vehicle occupant moves the vehicle along the traveling lane 15 and stops near the automatic toll collector 20. Then, the ETC force 44 is inserted into the ETC card insertion slot provided in the automatic toll collector 20 (step S106). The medium reading unit 30 reads information recorded on the ETC card 44 (step S108).
- the collation unit 32 collates the vehicle type 54 written in the entrance toll gate 2 with the vehicle type 66 of the traffic history 56.
- the verification unit 32 determines that the vehicle type 54 is reliable information if the result of the verification satisfies a predetermined standard, and determines that the vehicle type 54 is unreliable information if the predetermined standard is not satisfied. judge. Only the history less than the predetermined number of times is recorded as the traffic history 56. In this case, it is determined that the vehicle type 54 is unreliable information (step S110).
- the predetermined standard is a condition that the vehicle type 66 recorded in the traffic history 56 is consistent. It is. The consistency is set as follows, for example. It is determined that the vehicle type 54 is reliable information only when the vehicle type 54 matches the vehicle type 66 in the recent past predetermined number of passage histories 56. Alternatively, when all the vehicle types 66 listed in the vehicle type 54 and the traffic history 56 are met, and only at that time, it is determined that the vehicle type 54 is reliable information.
- the vehicle type 66 in the traffic history 56 may be unknown.
- an entry recorded in the traffic history 56 may indicate that the vehicle type 66 is “small” or “small” or medium-sized. In such a case, if the vehicle type 54 and the vehicle type 66 of the traffic history 56 do not contradict each other, it is determined that they are consistent, and the vehicle type 54 is determined to be reliable.
- the calculation unit 34 calculates a toll based on the vehicle type 54 and displays it on the vehicle (step S 112).
- step S110 If it is determined in step S110 that the vehicle type 54 is information that is not reliable, the vehicle type information request unit 36 indicates that the vehicle type 54 of the ETC card 44 is not reliable. A signal is transmitted to the monitoring panel 26, and the vehicle type information is requested to the monitoring panel 26 (step S114).
- the monitoring panel 26 Upon receiving the caution signal, the monitoring panel 26 outputs to the clerk of the office 14 that the caution signal has been received by voice, lamp, screen display, or the like.
- the input of the vehicle type is accepted by the input device of the monitoring panel 26.
- the clerk determines and inputs the vehicle type by visual recognition or the like (step S116).
- the calculation unit 34 calculates the toll using the entrance toll gate name 52 read from the ETC card 44 and the vehicle type information input to the monitoring panel 26 by the clerk and displays it on the vehicle ( Step S 118).
- the automatic toll collection machine 20 uses the inserted ETC card 44 to settle the fee (Step S120).
- the toll collector 20 returns the ETC card 44 to the vehicle in the travel lane 15 (step S122).
- the toll collector 20 transmits a signal instructing to open the start controller 16.
- the bar of the start controller 16 is set to the open state (step S124).
- the vehicle occupant starts the vehicle and runs away from the driving lane 15 (step S 126).
- Such an automatic toll collection system determines the reliability of the current vehicle type information based on the past vehicle type information of a medium storing a past traffic history such as an ETC card. You can trust the ETC card model information that has been processed normally many times as a specific model in the past. Therefore, it is possible to collect tolls based on the vehicle type without installing a vehicle type identification device at the exit toll booth 4.
- the toll road is determined so that all users pay the fee using a medium that records past traffic histories such as ETC cards.
- the number plate reader 24 at the exit toll gate 4 shown in Fig. 2 is not required!
- FIG. 8 shows such a toll road exit toll gate 4a.
- the automatic toll collection machine 20a does not have a program for collecting tolls based on the verification of the number plate. Because the license plate reader is not installed on the island 12a of the exit toll gate 4a, the land 12a has more space for installing the equipment than the case shown in FIG. Or the island 12a can be made even smaller.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07767487A EP2034451A4 (en) | 2006-06-26 | 2007-06-25 | AUTOMATIC TOLL BARRIER SYSTEM WITHOUT CLASS VEHICLE RECOGNITION EQUIPMENT |
US12/306,307 US20090313096A1 (en) | 2006-06-26 | 2007-06-25 | Automatic toll collection system without requiring vehicle classification unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006-175414 | 2006-06-26 | ||
JP2006175414A JP4813987B2 (ja) | 2006-06-26 | 2006-06-26 | 車種判別装置を要しない料金自動収受システム |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008001714A1 true WO2008001714A1 (fr) | 2008-01-03 |
Family
ID=38845478
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2007/062680 WO2008001714A1 (fr) | 2006-06-26 | 2007-06-25 | Système de barrière de péage automatique sans équipement de reconnaissance de la classe de véhicule |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090313096A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2034451A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4813987B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101029454B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101473353A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008001714A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20090018158A (ko) | 2009-02-19 |
JP2008004017A (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
KR101029454B1 (ko) | 2011-04-14 |
CN101473353A (zh) | 2009-07-01 |
JP4813987B2 (ja) | 2011-11-09 |
EP2034451A4 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
EP2034451A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
US20090313096A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
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