JP2013539583A - 強化送電線のセルフシールドワイヤとしてのcnt浸出繊維 - Google Patents
強化送電線のセルフシールドワイヤとしてのcnt浸出繊維 Download PDFInfo
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004046 wet winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/009—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising electro-conductive fibres, e.g. metal fibres, carbon fibres, metallised textile fibres, electro-conductive mesh, woven, non-woven mat, fleece, cross-linked
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B1/00—Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C53/00—Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or hydrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
- H01B3/004—Inhomogeneous material in general with conductive additives or conductive layers
Abstract
【選択図】 図12
Description
本出願は、米国特許法第119条により、「CNT-INFUSED FIBER AS A SELF SHIELDING WIRE」と題した2010年1月15日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/295,621号、及び「CNT-INFUSED FIBER ENHANCED POWER TRANSMISSION LINE」と題した2010年9月23日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/385,923号に対する優先権を主張し、上記出願は、すべての目的のために、参照によりその全体を本明細書に組み込むものとする。
当技術分野で既知の標準的なCNT合成反応器は横断面が円形である。これには、例えば、歴史的理由(ラボラトリでは円筒状の反応器が使用されることが多い)と利便性(流体力学は円筒状反応器にモデル化すると容易になり、また、加熱器システムは円管(石英など)に容易に対応する)、並びに、製造の容易性など、幾つかの理由がある。
比較的低温のパージゾーンを提供するチャンバーは、矩形合成反応器の両端から延びる。出願人は、仮に高温ガスを外部環境(すなわち、反応器の外部)と接触(mix)すると、繊維材料の劣化(degradation)が増大することを究明した。低温のパージゾーンは、内部システムと外部環境との間の緩衝となる。当技術分野で既知の典型的なCNT合成反応器の構成は、通常、基材を慎重に(及び緩やかに)冷却することが求められる。本発明の矩形CNT成長反応器の出口における低温のパージゾーンは、連続的なインライン処理に必要とされるような短期間での冷却を実現する。
幾つかの態様では、金属、特にステンレス鋼で作成されたホットウォール型(hot-walled)反応器を使用する。これは、金属、特にステンレス鋼が炭素の付着を受けやすい(すなわち、煤及び副生成物が形成されやすい)ために、常識に反するようにも考えられる。したがって、大部分のCNT反応器構成は石英反応器を使用する。その方が炭素の付着が少なく、石英の方が洗浄しやすく、石英が試料の観察を容易にするからである。しかし、出願人は、ステンレス鋼における煤及び炭素の付着が増加した結果、より着実、より高速、より効率的、かつ、より安定的なCNT成長がもたらされること、を見つけた。理論に拘束されることなく、大気圧運転(atmospheric operation)と連動して、反応器内で起こるCVDプロセスでは拡散が制限されることが示されている。すなわち、触媒に「過度に供給される(overfed)」、つまり、過量の炭素が、(反応器が不完全真空下で運転している場合よりも)その相対的に高い分圧により、反応器システム内で使用可能である。その結果、開放システム、特に清浄な(clean)開放システムでは、過量の炭素が触媒粒子に付着して、CNTの合成能力を低下させる。幾つかの態様では、反応器に「汚れが付いて(dirty)」いる、すなわち、金属反応器壁に煤が付着している場合に、矩形反応器を意図的に運転する。炭素が反応器壁上の単分子層に付着すると、炭素は、自身上に容易に付着することになる。使用可能な炭素の中には、このメカニズムにより「回収される(withdrawn)」ものがあるので、遊離基の形態で残っている炭素原料が、触媒を被毒させない速度で触媒と反応する。既存のシステムは「清浄に(cleanly)」運転されるが、連続処理のために開放状態であれば、成長速度が低下して、はるかに低い収率でしかCNTを生産できない。
本明細書で開示するCNT合成反応器では、触媒還元及びCNT成長のいずれもが反応器内で生じる。このことが重要であるのは、還元工程が個別の工程として実施されると、連続プロセスで使用するのに十分タイムリーに行えなくなるからである。当技術分野で既知の典型的なプロセスでは、還元工程の実施には、通常、1〜12時間かかる。本開示によれば、両工程は1つの反応器内で起こるが、これは、少なくとも1つには、炭素原料ガスを導入するのが、円筒状反応器を使用する当技術分野で典型的な反応器の端部ではなく、中心部であることに起因する。還元プロセスは、繊維が加熱ゾーンに入ると生じる。この時点までに、ガスには、触媒と反応して(水素とラジカルの相互作用を介した)酸化還元を引き起こす前に、壁と反応して冷却するまでの時間がある。還元が生じるのはこの遷移領域である。システムの最高温度の等温ゾーンにて、CNTが成長し、最速の成長速度は反応器の中心付近にあるガス入口の近傍で生じる。
実施例1に図示される順序とは「逆」になり、これにより、炭素繊維基材へのCNTの固定を向上させることができる。CNTの成長プロセス中に、バリアコーティング層がCNTによって基材から持ち上げられ、これによって繊維材料との(触媒NP界面を介した)直接接触を増加させることができる。熱的/電気的性質ではなく、機械的性質の向上を目的としているので、順序が「逆」になるコーティングの構成は望ましい。
Claims (20)
- セルフシールドワイヤとして使用する複合材料であって、
複合マトリックス内に配列される複数のカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)浸出繊維を含んで構成され、前記CNT浸出繊維のそれぞれが、CNTを直接表面に浸出させた複合繊維材料を含んで構成されるCNT浸出繊維コアと、
前記CNT浸出繊維コアの最外層上に形成された熱可塑性材料のフィルムと、
を含んで構成される複合材料。 - 前記CNT浸出繊維コアを囲む複数のCNT浸出繊維を含んで構成されるCNT浸出繊維シールドを更に含んで構成され、
前記CNT浸出繊維シールドの各CNT浸出繊維が、CNTを直接表面に浸出させた複合繊維材料を含んで構成され、前記CNT浸出繊維コアがワイヤ用の電荷移動媒体を提供する請求項1に記載の複合材料。 - 前記CNT浸出繊維コアは、ワイヤ用の電荷移動媒体を提供するように構成される請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記CNT浸出繊維コアを囲み、電荷移動媒体を提供するように構成される導電性ワイヤを更に含んで構成される請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記導電性ワイヤは、アルミニウム及び銅の一方で構成される請求項4に記載の複合材料。
- 前記CNT浸出繊維シールドの各CNT浸出繊維は、前記繊維材料の軸に対して半径方向に配列され、前記繊維材料の軸に対して垂直である請求項2に記載の複合材料。
- 前記CNT浸出繊維コアの各CNT浸出繊維は、前記繊維材料の軸に沿って軸方向に配列され、前記繊維材料の軸に対して垂直である請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記CNT浸出繊維コアの各CNT浸出繊維は、前記繊維材料の軸に沿って軸方向に配列され、前記繊維材料の軸に対して垂直である請求項6に記載の複合材料。
- 前記熱可塑性材料のフィルムは、前記CNT浸出繊維コアと前記CNT浸出繊維シールドとの間に形成される請求項2に記載の複合材料。
- 複数の遷移金属ナノ粒子を更に含んで構成される請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記複数の遷移金属ナノ粒子は鉄を含んで構成される請求項10に記載の複合材料。
- 前記CNT浸出繊維シールドの各CNT浸出繊維は、マトリックス材の少なくとも一部内に配置される請求項2に記載の複合材料。
- 前記CNTは、前記複合材料の約1重量%から約20重量%の間の範囲で存在する請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記繊維材料は、ガラス、炭素、及びセラミックから選択される請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記繊維材料上に浸出した第1のCNTは、0.1〜500ミクロンの範囲の長さを有する請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記繊維材料上に浸出した第1のCNTは、10〜50ミクロンの範囲の長さを有する請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 電磁干渉(EMI)シールド用途に使用される複合材料であって、
導電性ワイヤと、
前記導電性ワイヤを囲む複数のCNT浸出繊維を含んで構成され、前記CNT浸出繊維のそれぞれが、CNTを直接表面に浸出させた複合繊維材料を含んで構成され、前記CNT浸出繊維のそれぞれが、前記繊維材料の軸に沿って半径方向に配列され、かつ、前記繊維材料の軸に対して垂直であり、前記導電性ワイヤが電荷移動媒体を提供するCNT浸出繊維シールドと、
前記CNT浸出繊維シールドの最外層上に形成された熱可塑性材料のフィルムと、
を含んで構成される複合材料。 - マトリックス材の少なくとも一部に配置されたカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)浸出繊維材料を含んで構成される複合材料を製造する方法であって、
マトリックス材内において前記CNT浸出繊維材料が制御された配向を備えつつ、前記マトリックス材の一部に前記CNT浸出繊維材料を配置するステップと、
前記マトリックス材を硬化するステップであって、前記CNT浸出繊維材料の前記制御された配向が、前記CNT浸出繊維材料に浸出したCNTの相対的配向を制御して、これにより、前記繊維材料の軸に対して前記CNT浸出繊維材料を配列するステップと、
軸方向の配向が必要である場合に、前記繊維材料上に浸出した前記CNTが、前記繊維材料の軸に沿って軸方向に配列され、かつ、前記繊維材料の軸に平行となるように、再配列するステップと、
を含んで構成される方法。 - 複合材料を含んで構成されるパネルであって、
前記複合材料は、
複合マトリックス内に配置された複数のカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)浸出繊維を含んで構成され、第1のCNT浸出繊維のそれぞれが、CNTを直接表面に浸出させた複合繊維材料を含んで構成され、前記CNT浸出繊維のそれぞれが、前記繊維材料の軸に沿って軸方向に配列され、かつ、前記繊維材料の軸に対して垂直であるCNT浸出繊維コアと、
前記CNT浸出繊維コアを囲む複数のCNT浸出繊維を含んで構成され、前記CNT浸出繊維のそれぞれが、CNTを直接表面に浸出させた複合繊維材料を含んで構成され、前記CNT浸出繊維のそれぞれが、前記繊維材料の軸に対して半径方向に配列され、かつ、前記繊維材料の軸に対して垂直であり、前記CNT浸出繊維コアが電荷移動媒体を提供するCNT浸出繊維シールドと、
前記CNT浸出繊維シールドの最外層上に形成された熱可塑性材料のフィルムと、
を含んで構成され、
前記パネルが、セルフシールドワイヤとして使用されるデバイスとのインターフェースに適応可能であり、また、前記パネルが、電気接地を更に備えるパネル。 - 複合材料を含んで構成されるパネルであって、
前記複合材料は、
導電性ワイヤと、
前記導電性ワイヤを囲む複数のCNT浸出繊維を含んで構成され、第2のCNT浸出繊維のそれぞれが、CNTを直接表面に浸出させた複合繊維材料を含んで構成され、CNT浸出繊維のそれぞれが、前記繊維材料の軸に対して半径方向に配列され、かつ、前記繊維材料の軸に対して垂直であり、前記導電性ワイヤが、電荷移動媒体を提供するCNT浸出繊維シールドと、
前記CNT浸出繊維シールドの最外層上に形成された熱可塑性材料のフィルムと、
を含んで構成され、
前記パネルが、セルフシールドワイヤとして使用されるデバイスとのインターフェースに適応可能であり、また、前記パネルが、電気接地を更に備えるパネル。
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US61/385,923 | 2010-09-23 | ||
US13/006,368 | 2011-01-13 | ||
US13/006,368 US9167736B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-01-13 | CNT-infused fiber as a self shielding wire for enhanced power transmission line |
PCT/US2011/021427 WO2011088416A1 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-01-14 | Cnt-infused fiber as a self shielding wire for enhanced power transmission line |
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JP2009537339A (ja) * | 2006-05-19 | 2009-10-29 | マサチューセッツ・インスティテュート・オブ・テクノロジー | ナノ構造強化された複合体およびナノ構造強化方法 |
JP2008010329A (ja) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-17 | Takiron Co Ltd | 導電性合成樹脂棒体及びその製造方法 |
US20090255706A1 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-15 | Tsinghua University | Coaxial cable |
JP2009252745A (ja) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-29 | Qinghua Univ | 同軸ケーブル |
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AU2011205649A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
US9167736B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
EP2523807B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
WO2011088416A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
KR20120117012A (ko) | 2012-10-23 |
EP2523807A4 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
AU2011205649B2 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
JP5701907B2 (ja) | 2015-04-15 |
CN102712176A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
CA2782807A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
EP2523807A1 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
US20110174519A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
BR112012017086A2 (pt) | 2016-04-12 |
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