JP2010174245A - 非抗原性分枝ポリマーコンジュゲート - Google Patents
非抗原性分枝ポリマーコンジュゲート Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】メトキシーポリ(エチレングリコール)酸とジアミノ化合物との反応により化学変性した、生物活性物質上の実質的に数少ない部位が結合部位として使用されるポリマーの形成方法、該ポリマーと生物活性部分とのコンジュゲート化方法及び前記コンジュゲートの使用方法。
【選択図】なし
Description
(R)nL-A (I)
に対応する実質的に非抗原性の分枝ポリマーが提供される。
(n) = 2または3であり、
(L)は各(R)に共有結合した脂肪族リンク部分であり、
(A)は求核置換を受けることが可能な活性化性官能基である。
(R)nL-COOH (Ia)
を有する。式中、(R)、(n)及び(L)は上記に定義した通りである。
(a)は約1から約5の整数であり、
XはO、NQ、S、SOまたはSO2であり、QはH、C1-8アルキル、C1-8分枝アルキル、C1-8置換アルキル、アリールまたはアラルキルであり、
(m)は0または1であり、
(p)は正の整数、好ましくは約1〜約6であり、
(R)及び(n)は上記に定義した通りであり、
(A)は上記に定義した通りであり、式(Ia)に示したCOOHを包含する。
本発明の活性化された分枝ポリマーは、好ましくは室温で水溶性のポリ(アルキレンオキシド)(PAO)から製造される。この群にはα-置換ポリアルキレンオキシド誘導体、例えばメトキシポリ(エチレングリコール)(mPEG)、あるいはその他の適当なアルキル置換PAO誘導体、例えばモノあるいはビス末端C1-C4基を含むもの等が包含される。直鎖非抗原性ポリマー、例えばモノメチルPEGホモポリマー、例えばmPEG-CH2-O-CO-、mPEG-O-CO-、及びmPEG-O-CH2-CH2-等が好ましい。その他のポリアルキレンオキシド、例えばポリ(エチレングリコール)ホモポリマー、その他のアルキルポリ(エチレンオキシド)ブロックコポリマー、及びポリ(アルキレンオキシド)のブロックコポリマーのコポリマーも有用である。
(R)nL-A (I)
で表され、式中、
(R)は水溶性の実質的に非抗原性のポリマーを含み、
(n) = 2または3であり、
(L)は各(R)に共有結合した脂肪族リンク部分であり、
(A)は求核置換を受けることが可能な活性化性官能基を示す。
I. アミノ基と反応することができる官能基、例えば
a) p-ニトロフェニルあるいはスクシンイミジル等のカーボネート、
b) カルボニルイミダゾール、
c) アズラクトン、
d) 環状イミドチオン、あるいは
e) イソシアネートあるいはイソチオシアネート。
II. カルボン酸基及び反応性カルボニル基と反応することができる官能基、例えば
a) 1級アミン、あるいは
b) ヒドラジン及びヒドラジド官能基、例えばアシルヒドラジド、カルバゼート、セミカルバメート、チオカルバゼート等。
III. メルカプトあるいはスルフヒドリル基と反応することができる官能基、例えばフェニルグリオキサール。例えば米国特許第5,093,531号を参照。この開示は引用により本明細書の一部とする。
IV. ヒドロキシル基と反応することができる官能基、例えば(カルボン)酸類、例えば式(Ia)のものあるいは求電子中心と反応することができるその他の求核基。非限定的なリストとしては、例えば、ヒドロキシル、アミノ、カルボキシル、チオール基、活性メチレン等が挙げられる。
(R)nL-COOH (Ia)
を有する。式中、(R)、(n)及び(L)は上記に定義した通りである。
(a)は約1から約5の整数であり、
(m)は0または1であり、
XはO、NQ、S、SOまたはSO2であり、QはH、C1-8アルキル、C1-8分枝アルキル、C1-8置換アルキル、アリールまたはアラルキルであり、
(p)は0または約1から約6の整数であり、
R’2は末端カルボン酸基の付加を生じる置換反応を受けた後の、下記に説明する対応するスペーサー部分R2表す。
(a)は約1から約5の整数であり、
(m)は0または1であり、
(p)は正の整数、好ましくは約1から約6であり、
R2はポリマー、-CO-NH-(CH2-)dX2、-CO-NH-(CH2-CH2-O-)dX2、-CO-NH-(p-C6H4)-X2及び-CO-NH-(p-C6H4)-(O-CH2-CH2-)dX2から選択されるスペーサー部分であり、
dは約1から約18の整数であり、
(X2)はH、OH、NH2またはCOOHである。
2. 分枝ポリマーの合成
分枝ポリマー(一般にはU-PAOまたはU-PEG)は通常の反応法を使用して形成される。各ポリマー鎖(R)を結合するため、リンク化合物(L)は(n)に対応する数(すなわち2または3)の求核性官能基を有する。1つの形態においては、上記のようにして製造した分枝ポリマーサブユニット(R)nLをp-ニトロフェニルクロロホルメートと、その後N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミドと接触させてスクシンイミジルカーボネートを形成することにより、分枝ポリマーのスクシンイミジルカーボネート活性エステルを製造する。あるいは、ヒドロキシ部分をビス-スクシンイミジルカーボネートと直接反応させることもできる。ポリマーサブユニット(R)nLは、ヒドロキシル、アミノ、カルボキシル、及びチオール基等、並びにアミノあるいはメチレン水素を含み、(A)に結合し得る。
i) 構造(R)nL-A((R)、(n)、(L)及び(A)は上記した通りである)の分枝ポリマーを、塩基の存在下でアルキルハロアセテートと接触させることにより分枝非抗原性ポリマーのアルキルエステルを形成し、
ii) 前記アルキルエステルを酸と反応させて反応性カルボン酸を含む分枝ポリマーを形成することにより形成される。
の3級アルキルハロアセテートを使用する。
の構造を有する化合物を形成することができる。
-CO-NH-(CH2-)dX4
-CO-NH-(CH2-CH2-O-)dH
-CO-NH-(p-C6H4)-X4
-CO-NH-(p-C6H4)-(O-CH2-CH2-)dX4
等が挙げられ、(d)は1〜18の整数を示し、(X4)はOH、NH2またはCOOHである。場合により、-OH基の-Hがスペーサー部分の末端に結合して末端ヒドロキシル基を形成する。すなわち、スペーサー基はLに対して近位にあるといえる。
H2N-(CH2-)dOH、
H2N-(CH2-CH2-O-)dH、
アミノフェノール、あるいは
H2N-(p-C6H4)-(CH2-CH2-O-)dOH
のような試薬と反応させることを含む。
3. コンジュゲート形成に適する生物活性物質
分枝ポリマーとコンジュゲート化される求核物質は、「生物学的に活性な(生物活性)」と記載される。しかしこの用語は、生理学的あるいは医薬的活性に限定されない。例えば、求核物質コンジュゲートのあるもの、例えば酵素を含むものは有機溶媒中で反応を触媒することができる。同様に、コンカナバリンA、免疫グロブリン等のようなタンパク質を含む本発明のポリマーコンジュゲートのあるものは実験的診断に有用である。全てのコンジュゲートの重要な特徴は、未修飾の生物活性物質の有する活性の少なくとも一部が維持されているということである。
4. 生物活性コンジュゲートの合成
標準的な化学反応により1以上の活性化分枝ポリマーを生物活性求核物質に結合することができる。コンジュゲートは式
(VI) [(R)nL-A1]z-(求核物質)
によって表される。式中(R)は水溶性で実質的に非抗原性のポリマーであり、n = 2または3であり、(L)は脂肪族のリンク部分であり、(A1)は(L)と求核物質との間の結合を示し、(z)は1以上の整数であり、生物活性求核物質にコンジュゲート化したポリマーの数を表す。(z)の上限は利用可能な求核物質結合部位の数、及び当業者により求められるポリマー結合の程度に依存する。コンジュゲート形成の程度は、周知の技術を使用して反応化学量論を変化させることにより変更することができる。化学量論上過剰な活性化ポリマーを求核物質と反応させることにより、1より多いポリマーを求核物質にコンジュゲート化することができる。
メトキシポリ(エチレングリコール)(m-PEG)(mw = 5,000)はUnion Carbideから得た。溶媒はAldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, Wisconsinから得た。メトキシポリ(エチレングリコール)-N-スクシンイミジルカーボネート(SC-PEG)は、分子量約5,000のm-PEGを使用して米国特許第5,122,614号に記載されたように製造した。m-PEG-FLANは米国特許第5,349,001号に記載されたように製造した。実施例1〜9の生成物のそれぞれは13C-NMRにより構造を確認した。
実施例2及び4のように、実施例5の化合物をp-ニトロフェニルカーボネートにより官能化した。再結晶させた生成物の収率は83%であった。
Centricon-10 (Amicon Corporation, Beverly, MA)を使用して、0.1 Mリン酸バッファー、pH 7.0の溶液に対して2種の3.0 mgエリスロポエチン(EPO)サンプル(ヒト組換えチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞培養物)を透析することにより、EPOのUS-PEG(実施例3)とのコンジュゲートを製造した。最初のEPO溶液は1.954 mg (2倍モル過剰)のUS-PEGと合わせ、2番目のEPO溶液は3.908 mg (4倍モル過剰)のUS-PEGと合わせた。反応混合液を室温(約22〜25℃)で1時間攪拌した。過剰のポリマーを遠心分離により除去し、反応混合液を10 mMリン酸バッファー、pH 8.0に対して透析した。未反応EPOをイオン交換カラム (2-HDカラム、Sepracor)上で除去した。
腫瘍壊死因子(TNF)を実施例7のXUS-PEGとコンジュゲート化した。比較として、TNFを米国特許第5,122,614号の線状SC-PEG、メトキシポリ(エチレングリコール)スクシンイミジルカーボネートともコンジュゲート化した。双方のコンジュゲートは、500 μgのTNF、2.0 mg/mLを25倍モル過剰のポリマーと反応させることにより製造した。各反応は氷上で140分行った。
4.0 g (0.4 mmol)の実施例15で製造したU-PEGカルボン酸、0.28 g (0.8 mmol)のカンプトテシン、0.10 g (0.8 mmol)のジイソプロピルカルボジイミド、及び0.10 g (0.8 mmol)の4-ジメチルアミノピリジンの混合物を50 mlの無水ジクロロメタンに0℃で加える。この混合液の温度を室温まで上昇させ、18時間攪拌を続け、その後減圧下での蒸留により溶媒を除去する。残渣を2-プロパノールから再結晶させて3.4 gの表題の生成物を得る。
4.0 g (0.4 mmol)の実施例16で製造したNU-PEGカルボン酸、0.68 g (0.08 mmol)のパクリタキセル、0.10 g (0.8 mmol)のジイソプロピルカルボジイミド、及び0.10 g (0.8 mmol)の4-ジメチルアミノピリジンの混合物を50 mlの無水ジクロロメタンに0℃で加える。この混合液の温度を室温まで上昇させ、18時間攪拌を続け、その後減圧下での蒸留により溶媒を除去する。残渣を2-プロパノールから再結晶させて3.4 gの表題の生成物を得る。
4.0 g (0.4 mmol)の実施例19の化合物U-PEG、0.68 g (0.8 mmol)のパクリタキセル、0.10 g (0.8 mmol)のジイソプロピルカルボジイミド、及び0.10 g (0.8 mmol)の4-ジメチルアミノピリジンの混合物を50 mlの無水ジクロロメタンに0℃で加える。この混合液の温度を室温まで上昇させ、18時間攪拌を続け、その後蒸留により溶媒を除去する。残渣を2-プロパノールから再結晶させて3.4 gの表題の生成物を得る。
Claims (5)
- p-ニトロフェニルカーボネート活性エステルをN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミドと反応させ、N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミジルカーボネート活性分枝ポリマーを形成させる工程をさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- タンパク質、ペプチド、ポリペプチド、酵素、及び化学療法用分子からなる群から選択される生物活性求核物質を、請求項1に記載の非抗原性の活性化分枝ポリマーと接触させることを含む、生物活性コンジュゲートの形成方法。
- タンパク質、ペプチド、ポリペプチド、酵素、及び化学療法用分子からなる群から選択される生物活性求核物質を、請求項2に記載の方法によって製造される非抗原性分枝ポリマーの活性カーボネートと接触させることを含む、生物活性コンジュゲートの形成方法。
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AU743108B2 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
JP4961025B2 (ja) | 2012-06-27 |
DE69831402D1 (de) | 2005-10-06 |
EP0973819A4 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
CA2283939A1 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
US20020052443A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
ES2249824T3 (es) | 2006-04-01 |
SI0973819T1 (sl) | 2006-02-28 |
JP4612919B2 (ja) | 2011-01-12 |
JP2001519784A (ja) | 2001-10-23 |
ATE303412T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
DE69831402T2 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
CA2283939C (en) | 2003-10-28 |
EP0973819B1 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
NZ337845A (en) | 2001-03-30 |
AU6463098A (en) | 1998-10-12 |
EP0973819A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
WO1998041562A1 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
DK0973819T3 (da) | 2005-12-19 |
US6566506B2 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
US6113906A (en) | 2000-09-05 |
US5919455A (en) | 1999-07-06 |
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