CN109823716A - 安装有拖车的支撑剂输送***和相关方法 - Google Patents

安装有拖车的支撑剂输送***和相关方法 Download PDF

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CN109823716A
CN109823716A CN201910097129.1A CN201910097129A CN109823716A CN 109823716 A CN109823716 A CN 109823716A CN 201910097129 A CN201910097129 A CN 201910097129A CN 109823716 A CN109823716 A CN 109823716A
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container
hopper
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support construction
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乔舒亚·奥伦
约翰·奥伦
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Oren Technologies LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60PVEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/52Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading using rollers in the load-transporting element
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60PVEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/56Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading the load-transporting element having bottom discharging openings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60PVEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/64Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading the load supporting or containing element being readily removable
    • B60P1/6418Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading the load supporting or containing element being readily removable the load-transporting element being a container or similar
    • B60P1/6481Specially adapted for carrying different numbers of container or containers of different sizes

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Abstract

用于将支撑剂输送到井场的***、设备和方法的实施例包括在其上具有车板的拖车和以与拖车的纵向轴线成平行关系延伸的至少一个滚轮轨道。滚轮轨道基本在拖车车板的整个长度上延伸。至少一个支撑剂集装箱可平移地布置在滚轮轨道上。支撑剂集装箱能够沿着滚轮阵列从车板的一端移动到车板的相反端。料箱能够可移除地布置在拖车车板之下在拖车的前端的后方和拖车的后端的前方,以允许支撑剂集装箱向料箱中卸货。输送机与料箱配合以将支撑剂从料箱移动到井场处的位置。

Description

安装有拖车的支撑剂输送***和相关方法
本申请是申请日为2015年1月27日提交的第201580005635.3(国际申请号为PCT/US2015/012990)、名称为“安装有拖车的支撑剂输送***和相关方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
背景
1.相关申请
本申请要求于2014年2月7日提交的、名称为“安装有拖车的支撑剂输送***”的美国专利申请第14/175,340号以及于2014年6月20日提交的、名称为“用于输送、运输和储存用于在井场处输送和使用的支撑剂的方法”的美国专利申请第14/310,648号的权益和优先权,这些申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
2.技术领域
本发明涉及将支撑剂输送到井场。更特别地,本发明涉及支撑剂集装箱、用于使支撑剂集装箱将其中的支撑剂排出到输送机上的技术以及用于运输到井场的其他手段。本发明还涉及适合于允许其上的装载物能够沿着拖车的长度平移移动的货车拖车。
3.背景技术
水力压裂是由于加压流体的存在所造成的岩层中的碎裂传播。水压裂缝在矿脉或岩脉的情况下可以自然地形成,或者可以是人为的,以释放石油、天然气、煤层气、或用于提取的其它物质。压裂是通过钻入到储集岩地层中的井筒完成的。来自高增压的压裂流体的注射的能量在岩石中形成新的通道,该通道可以增加化石燃料的提取率和最终采收率。一般通过将支撑剂引入到所注射的流体中在注射后保持裂缝宽度。支撑剂是防止裂缝在注射停止时闭合的材料,例如砂粒、陶瓷粒、或其他颗粒。
随着过去十年内水力压裂的崛起,对支撑剂的需求急剧上升。目前全球供应紧张。全球支撑剂供应商的数量自2000年以来从少数增加至超过50个的砂、陶瓷支撑剂和树脂涂层支撑剂的生产商。
目前为止,主要的支撑剂是由古风化石英构成的硅砂,其是在地球的大陆地壳中最常见的矿物。与在手指间揉搓时通常有砂砾感的常见砂不同,用作支撑剂的砂由于其圆的、球形的形状和严格分级的颗粒分布而倾向于摸起来是滚动的。砂品质是沉积和加工两者的函数。粒度至关重要,这是因为受井下条件和完井设计的限制,任何给定的支撑剂都必须可靠地落入某些筛目范围内。一般地,较粗糙的支撑剂由于颗粒间的较大孔隙而允许较高的流动能力。然而,由于用于承受通常在深的含油地层和含气地层中出现的应力的颗粒与颗粒的接触点相对较少,所以较粗糙的支撑剂在应力下可能更易于破裂或者被压碎。
一般地,在任何水力压裂操作中,需要大量的这种支撑剂。一般地,已经难以在压裂现场处有效地储存支撑剂。另外,已经发现,将支撑剂有效地运输到期望的位置是相当困难的。通常,支撑剂在货车的后部被拖运到期望的位置,并且就地倾卸。在这些情况下,支撑剂通常暴露于不利的天气条件。这会在支撑剂的储存期间大大降低其品质。另外,将支撑剂保持在水力压裂现场的集装箱中需要在储存设施方面投入大量资金。一般地,在设施接设施的基础上执行这种储存设施的卸载。这样,需要能够将支撑剂有效地运输到与水力压裂位置相邻的期望位置,并且将支撑剂储存在该位置处。
储存用于在井场处使用的支撑剂的现有方法已涉及在结构设施方面的大量投资。特别地,已经建立筒仓以储存用于在压裂操作中使用的支撑剂。筒仓通常会具有数百万美元的成本。无论何时使用这类筒仓,都存在容纳在筒仓中的支撑剂被污染的可能性。大型储存设施通常混合不同类型和品质的支撑剂。这样,较低品质的支撑剂可能与较高品质的支撑剂混合,以产生不期望的被污染的组合。
在这种压裂操作期间,高品质支撑剂的可用性始终是主要问题。如果支撑剂在井场处不可用,则压裂操作可能会拖延直到支撑剂可用的时候。在其他情况下,压裂操作的操作者可能会被迫使用较低品质的支撑剂以继续操作。这样,需要能够使高品质支撑剂在压裂操作期间总是可用的。还有利的是提供避免不同类型的支撑剂的混合物的***以及避免支撑剂供应的污染。
在一些情况下,使用轨道车将支撑剂输送到压裂位置。将支撑剂从轨道车中卸载到气动散装拖车中。然后气动散装拖车可以将支撑剂输送到井场。通常,在支撑剂留在散装物料列车中期间,散装物料列车将必须留在现场。这样,该列车不能用于其他用途。这给压裂操作增加了额外的成本。最终,在列车完全卸载后,新的散装物料列车必须被运输到期望的位置,然后用作储存设施。这样,发展出以下需要:将全部支撑剂从散装物料列车中快速地移出,并且储存这种支撑剂直到需要支撑剂的时候。
过去,已经授权了与储存和运输设施相关的多个专利。例如,于2008年7月31日公开的McGough等人的美国专利公开第2008/0179054号示出了一种散装物料储存和运输***。特别地,该储存***安装在货车的拖车上。该储存***包括限定适合于将聚集物料容纳在其中的内部空间的壁。在集装箱的底部提供漏斗。这些漏斗具有倾斜的壁。漏斗可以延伸以使得物料能够从集装箱的内部适当地输送到集装箱之外的位置。使用致动器来展开和折叠集装箱。
2007年7月10日授权给L.Saik的美国专利第7,240,681号描述了一种用于使地层砂脱水和将其回收的拖车式移动设备。拖车被安装到货车可牵引的拖车以将砂容纳于其中。集装箱具有一对倾斜的端壁。集装箱的后端是可适当打开的,以使得砂能够从其中移出。在集装箱的前部上提供气夯锤或水力夯锤,以使得集装箱能够被有角度地向上抬起,以使得砂能够通过在集装箱后部的门被卸出。
1981年1月27日授权给Gray等人的美国专利第4,247,228号描述了一种具有气动输送机的自卸货车或拖车。集装箱安装到车轮上的框架。水力夯锤使集装箱倾斜,用于通过后部出口倾卸。气动输送机由框架支持,进气口在集装箱的后部。门使得固体能够通过重力常规地倾卸或者由气动集装箱吹送到储存设施。集装箱具有在其中形成的顶部装货口,以使得固体能够被引入到集装箱的内部。
1958年12月23日授权给Fisher等人的美国专利第2,865,521号示出了具有适合于将散装物料容纳在其中的内部空间的散装物料货车。使用气动输送机,以使得能够将这种物料从集装箱的底部移出。在集装箱相对的侧上提供有一对倾斜的壁,以使得集装箱内的散装物料能够被传送到集装箱的底部。在输送机的顶部提供有顶部装货口。气动输送机连接到集装箱的底部。
1991年2月26日授权给F.M.Barr的美国专利第4,995,522号描述了一种用于散装粒状物料的底部倾卸散装集装箱设备。船运集装箱具有带有排料口的下壁。提供用于打开和关闭排料口的门。门由用于相对于集装箱垂直运动安装的致动结构来致动。致动结构具有在集装箱的角落用作常规提升连接器或托状物的上部。它们与常规的挂钩协作,使得升高致动结构使门打开而降低致动结构使门关闭。这使得集装箱内的粒状物料能够被倾卸到较低的集装箱或运输工具中,而不需专门的提升或打开设备。
2002年6月11日授权给McDonald等人的美国专利第6,401,983号提供了一种用于储存和运输固体和液体散装物料的散装货物集装箱。散装货物集装箱包括适合于容纳散装物料的容器和具有大致水平布置的支撑件附接的支承架组合件。集装箱部分形成为在其中具有排料口的至少一个漏斗,所述排料口适合于将容纳在容器中的散装物料排出。
1979年2月6日授权给Calvert等人的美国专利第4,138,163号公开了一种用于装卸可流动颗粒物料的散装物料集装箱。该集装箱具有密闭的、通常为矩形的平行六面体结构,该结构具有侧壁、端壁和顶部。导管使得颗粒物料能够引入到集装箱主体和能够从集装箱主体中收回。下底座部分支撑在其每个角落的垂直弯曲板。垂直弯曲板支撑其顶部之间相对的纵向和横向弯曲板对。
1990年3月20日授权给T.Koskinen的美国专利第4,909,556号提供了一种用于运输散装物料的运输集装箱。该运输集装箱具有上部中的填充孔和后部中的排空装置。为了装载和卸载,提供可打开的侧面部分。具有气动压力排出装置性质的排空装置使得物料能够从集装箱中自由地流动通过单向阀。
2011年6月28日授权给A.M.Townsend的美国专利第7,967,161号提供了一种用于船运散装可流动物料的船运集装箱衬垫***。该***具有专门适应的船运集装箱衬垫,其为自支撑的而不需要后置式刚性支撑条以在填充和排出期间将衬垫保持在船运集装箱内。该***具有内部支撑挡板的布置,所述挡板与适于使货物荷载分布在集装箱的整个长度上的多个外部锚定带联合操作。
1997年11月25日授权给Gaddis等人的美国专利第5,690,466号示出了用于颗粒物料货车箱的斜板。斜板组合件包括枢轴连接到货车箱的相对侧壁的多个斜板部分,以可在升高的不工作位置和降低的工作位置间移动。在降低的位置中,颗粒物料由于重力沿斜板部分流动,以排出到位于货车箱车板之下的螺旋钻组合件中。在升高的位置中,散装物料或其他货物可以被装载到货车箱中。
过去,已经存在已经公开的专利申请公开以及授权给本申请发明人的与用于运输支撑剂的集装箱相关的专利。例如,于2013年8月13日授权给本申请发明人的美国专利第8,505,780号描述了一种支撑剂储存容器,其包括具有内部空间的第一集装箱和以间隔开的关系被支撑在第一集装箱之上的第二集装箱。第一集装箱具有固定到其底壁的底部装货口。底部装货口能够在打开位置和关闭位置之间移动。第一集装箱在其顶壁处具有开口。第二集装箱具有在其底壁上形成的底部装货口。第二集装箱的底部装货口与第一集装箱的开口对准,使得第二集装箱中的支撑剂能够通过其装货口流入第一集装箱的内部空间中。集装箱中的每个都包括第一、第二、第三和第四倾斜表面,所述倾斜表面位于内部空间中并且从其相应侧壁和端壁朝向底部装货口延伸。
2013年6月27日公布的本申请发明人的美国专利公开第2013/0164112号描述了一种输送和储存用于在井场处使用的支撑剂的***以及用于这种支撑剂的集装箱。所述方法包括以下步骤:将容器中的支撑剂装载运输到期望的位置;将支撑剂装载从容器移动到集装箱中,以产生装载有支撑剂的集装箱;将装载有支撑剂的集装箱卸载到气动散装拖车中;和将气动散装拖车中的卸载的支撑剂运输到井场。将集装箱放置到货车车板上并且移动到容器附近。将装载有支撑剂的集装箱放置到倾斜机构上,然后使之倾斜使得将支撑剂通过集装箱的限料闸排出到料斗中。
2013年6月27日公布的本申请发明人的美国专利第2013/0161211号描述了一种支撑剂储存容器,其包括具有内部空间的第一集装箱和以间隔开的关系被支撑在第一集装箱上的第二集装箱。第一集装箱具有固定到其底壁的底部装货口。底部装货口能够在打开位置和关闭位置之间移动。第二集装箱具有在其底壁上形成的底部装货口。第二集装箱的底部装货口与第一集装箱的开口对准,使得第二集装箱中的支撑剂能够通过其装货口流入第一集装箱的内部空间中。
已经授权了与用于运输和储存支撑剂的集装箱相关的各种外观设计专利。例如,于2013年8月20日授权给本申请发明人的美国外观设计专利第688,349、688,350和688,351号都描述了支撑剂容器的多个设计。于2013年8月27日授权给本申请发明人的美国外观设计专利第D688,722号也描述了支撑剂容器的设计。
过去,还已经授权了与集装箱拖车相关的各种专利。例如,于1985年9月17日授权给Walker等人的美国专利第4,541,768号描述了一种具有能够垂直移动的滚动托盘的集装箱拖车,在所述滚动托盘上具有平行滚轮,所述滚轮在切向于滚动平面时允许集装箱移动到拖车上或者从拖车移开。拖车的可垂直移动的脚轮托盘在其上具有固定的脚轮,其中脚轮的转动轴线在拖车中心附近与垂直轴线相交。在轮子在滚动平面处为集装箱提供唯一支撑时,集装箱可以绕着垂直轴线转动到任意期望的位置。
2006年9月5号授权给H.Cox的美国专利第7,100,896号描述了一种包括多个动力起重机的船运集装箱装卸***,所述起重机中的每个都包括上和下集装箱附接构件并且能够选择性地与集装箱的上和下角锁铸件接合。每个附接构件由能够相对于垂直标准滑动地安装的引导套来承载,其中上引导套与动力传动构件主动地接合,使得利用与集装箱角锁接合的附接构件,同时启动四个起重机允许使船运集装箱相对于车辆升起和/或下降。
2006年11月14日授权给Quenzi等人的美国专利第7,134,829号提供了一种货物拖车,其包括框架、安装到框架的至少两个车轴以及平台。车轴在其两相对的端处具有轮子,用于将框架可移动地支撑在地面上。平台枢轴转动地安装到框架并且能够通过至少两个支撑件相对于框架绕着第一轴线以及相对于框架绕着第二轴线枢轴转动。
2011年1月11日授权给Welch等人的美国专利第7,866,933号公开了一种具有框架的集装箱拖车,所述框架被布置为在集装箱周围的单个单元,使得能够在集装箱的四个区域中将框架附接到集装箱,以提升集装箱。拖车框架能够通过侧向地展开和收回、绕着水平轴线枢轴转动以及绕着垂直轴线枢轴转动布置在绕集装箱周围。
2010年9月28日授权给Garcia等人的美国专利第7,802,958号教导了一种多用途拖车平台以及用于将货物移动到这种拖车平台上的方法。拖车平台能够具有附接到平台构件的第一和第二移动设备。第一移动设备适于使货物在平台构件的后端和平台构件的前端之间移动。第二移动设备适于使货物从在平台构件上的一个取向转动到平台构件上的第二取向。多个滚轮被支撑在可枢轴转动的平台上。
2011年5月31日授权给Quenzi等人的美国专利第7,950,675号示出了一种用于可移动地支撑货物的货运工具。货运工具具有配置为支撑货物的框架以及在框架的每侧处的至少两个轮子。轮子中的每个都可转动地安装到相应的支撑臂。支撑臂可枢轴转动地安装到框架的相应侧并且能够相对于框架枢轴转动以调节所述框架相对于支撑表面的高度和倾斜度中的至少一个。货运工具能够包括可移动地安装到框架并且能够沿着所述框架纵向移动的平台。
2012年5月22日授权给Gaudet等人的美国专利第8,182,193号提供了一种用于运输货运集装箱的拖车。该拖车具有框架,所述框架具有适于耦接到合适的道路车辆的前框架部分。一对可移位水平侧梁紧固到前框架部分并且具有由一对铰接臂形成的可铰接后闸。集装箱提升柱紧固到前框架部分的相对端以及用于与位于侧梁之间的集装箱可拆卸地连接的铰接臂以使集装箱在其之间升起和下降。
2012年11月20日授权给Simmons等人的美国专利第8,313,278号提供了一种配置为可拆卸且可互换地附接到拖车的模块化可互换的货物平台。平台单元能够包括用于使货物相对于平台单元在纵向上移动并且用于使货物相对于平台单元在垂直方向上移动的多个移动设备。
在这些现有技术参考文献中,非常清楚的是,这些拖车都不适于与将支撑剂输送到井场有关的用途。这些拖车的难题涉及支撑剂储存集装箱的配置以及在这种集装箱内含有的支撑剂的重量。现有技术参考文献都没有特别地适于允许将支撑剂从集装箱排出到位于拖车车板之下的位置。另外,现有技术参考文献都没有公开能够通过使用简单的提升机构和/或叉车较容易地装载和/或卸载的拖车的技术。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于将支撑剂输送到井场的设备。本发明的设备包括在其上具有车板的拖车和以与拖车的车板的纵向轴线平行的关系延伸的至少一个滚轮轨道。拖车具有连接到其的轮子以便允许拖车沿着位于下面的表面移动。滚轮轨道基本在拖车车板的整个长度上延伸。
在本发明中,至少一个支撑剂集装箱可平移地布置在滚轮轨道上。支撑剂集装箱能够沿着滚轮轨道从车板的一端移动到车板的相对端。输送单元用于在拖车车板之下的位置从自支撑剂集装箱接收支撑剂。输送单元包括在拖车前端的后方和在拖车后端的前方的位置中位于拖车车板之下的料箱。输送单元还包括与料箱配合的输送机以将支撑剂从料箱移动到另一位置。通过拖车车板将支撑剂从支撑剂集装箱排出并且到料箱中。
本发明还是一种输送支撑剂的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(1)将容器中的支撑剂装载运输到期望的位置;(2)将支撑剂装载从容器移动到集装箱中,以产生装载有支撑剂的集装箱;(3)将装载有支撑剂的集装箱卸载到气动散装拖车中;和(4)将气动散装拖车中的卸载的支撑剂运输到井场。
容器为散装物料列车的料斗。运输的步骤包括:在远程位置处用支撑剂装载料斗,然后将散装物料列车的料斗中装载的支撑剂运输到期望的位置。移动的步骤包括将支撑剂从散装物料列车的料斗输送到在集装箱的顶部形成的装货口中。
集装箱可以被放置在货车的车板上。移动货车,使得集装箱与容器相邻。这样,空集装箱是可用的,使得可以将支撑剂从散装物料列车的料斗输送到集装箱的内部空间中。
卸载的步骤包括:将装载有支撑剂的集装箱放置到倾斜机构上;使所放置的装载有支撑剂的集装箱倾斜一定角度,使得集装箱的端壁以一定角度朝下;和将支撑剂从倾斜的集装箱排放到集装箱的限料闸。支撑剂流动通过集装箱的限料闸进入到漏斗中。将该流动的支撑剂从漏斗输送到气动散装拖车中。当支撑剂流动通过限料闸时,将空气注入到集装箱中。在卸载的步骤之前,多个装载有支撑剂的集装箱可以堆放在期望的位置处。
滚轮轨道包括沿着拖车车板纵向延伸的第一滚轮轨道和沿着拖车车板纵向延伸的第二滚轮轨道。第二滚轮轨道与第一滚轮轨道为间隔开的平行关系。多个支撑剂集装箱以端对端的关系沿着拖车车板布置。支撑剂集装箱能够包括集装箱主体和在集装箱主体的底部形成的排出口。排出口能够在关闭位置和打开位置之间移动,以便允许将支撑剂从集装箱主体的内部空间排出。
本发明还提供了用于将支撑剂输送到井场的方法。本发明的方法包括以下步骤:(1)形成拖车,该拖车具有沿着拖车车板纵向延伸的至少一个滚轮轨道;(2)将第一支撑剂集装箱放置在与拖车车板的一端相邻的滚轮轨道上;(3)使第一支撑剂集装箱沿着滚轮轨道移动到远离所述拖车车板的一端的位置;(4)在远离拖车车板的一端的位置处将第一支撑剂集装箱中的支撑剂排出;和(5)将排出的支撑剂输送到井场处的位置。
在本发明的方法中,移动步骤包括将第二支撑剂集装箱放置到与拖车车板的一端相邻的滚轮轨道上,使得第二支撑剂集装箱顶靠第一支撑剂集装箱,以使第一支撑剂集装箱沿着滚轮轨道平移。移动步骤包括将多个支撑剂集装箱放置到滚轮轨道上,以便将第一集装箱推到进行排出步骤的位置。排空的支撑剂集装箱沿着滚轮轨道移动到与拖车车板的相对端相邻的位置。该排空的支撑剂集装箱能够从拖车车板移除。
输送步骤包括以下步骤:将位于拖车车板之下的料箱放置到远离拖车车板的一端的位置,使得能够将支撑剂排出到料箱中,以及将支撑剂从料箱输送到在井场处的位置。形成拖车的步骤包括将一对滚轮轨道固定到拖车车板上的步骤,其中所述滚轮轨道为彼此平行的关系并且基本在拖车车板的整个长度上延伸。第一支撑剂集装箱包括可打开的排出口。本发明的方法包括在第一支撑剂集装箱移动到远离拖车车板的一端的位置时打开所述排出口。
前述部分旨在特别地描述本发明的实施例。应理解,在本发明的范围内能够对这些实施例进行修改。如此,该部分绝不应被理解为限制本发明范围。本发明应当仅由所附权利要求及其法律等同物所限定。
附图说明
图1是如在本发明的***中使用的集装箱设备的透视图。
图2是如在本发明的***中使用的集装箱设备的端视图。
图3是本发明的***的图示。
图4是示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的、用于输送支撑剂的设备的侧视图。
图5是示出了如在本发明的设备中使用的拖车的平面图。
图6是示出了如在本发明的设备中使用的拖车在卸载状态下的侧视图。
图7示出了本发明的方法中的起始步骤,在其中将单个支撑剂储存集装箱装载到拖车的端部上。
图8示出了本发明的方法中的另一步骤,在其中已经将空的支撑剂集装箱从拖车的前端移除。
图9示出了本发明的方法中的另一步骤,在其中使排空的支撑剂集装箱沿着拖车向前移动。
具体实施方式
参照图1,示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的支撑剂储存设备10。支撑剂储存设备10包括具有底壁14、顶壁16、一对侧壁18和20和一对端壁22和24的集装箱12。侧壁18在底壁14和顶壁16之间延伸。侧壁20也在底壁14和顶壁16之间延伸,并且与侧壁18为大致间隔开的平行关系。端壁22在底壁14和顶壁16之间延伸。类似地,端壁24在底壁14和顶壁16之间以及在侧壁18和20之间延伸。顶壁16具有在其上形成的装货口26。装货口26是可打开的,以允许将支撑剂引入到集装箱12的内部空间中。限料闸28位于端壁22上。限料闸28是可打开的,以允许支撑剂从集装箱12的内部空间向外流出。
可以看出,端壁22在一对侧壁18和20的端部处向内凹陷,以及在底壁14处和顶壁16处向内凹陷。这样,集装箱12的最外端30会提供用于端壁22的大致凸起的表面的保护结构。端壁22的这种凸起的形状有利于使支撑剂通过限料闸28从集装箱12的内部空间中向外汇集的能力。在端部30处的框架结构提高集装箱12在该端部处的结构整体性,同时保护与限料闸28相关联的机械结构。限料闸28可向上滑动以对内部空间打开。入口32通常位于端壁22处,并通过端壁22对集装箱12的内部空间打开。该支撑剂入口适合于允许将支撑剂和/或空气引入到集装箱的内部空间中。这样,当集装箱12在井场或者其他位置时,可以通过支撑剂入口32将另外的支撑剂引入到集装箱12的内部空间中。入口32还允许将空气引入到集装箱12的内部空间中,以促进集装箱12内的支撑剂通过限料闸28排出的能力。入口32为可连接到合适软管的管的性质。通风口34也位于端壁22处。通风口34对集装箱12的内部空间打开,以使得过量的气压能够向集装箱18的外部排出。
集装箱10被配置为在其中容纳96000磅的支撑剂。因为每个轨道车可以运输192000磅的支撑剂,所以一对集装箱12可以容纳来自轨道车的全部支撑剂。然而,常规的船运集装箱可能缺乏容纳如此大重量的结构整体性。这样,支撑剂储存设备10包括内部结构,该内部结构的预期目的为增强集装箱12整体性。
特别地,纵向构件36位于集装箱12的内部空间中。纵向构件36通常沿集装箱12的内部空间的中央延伸。纵向构件36具有刚性地固定到端壁22的一端和刚性地固定到端壁24的相对端。该连接会维持端壁22和24的整体性,即使大重量的支撑剂压靠其上也是如此。第一横向构件38位于集装箱12的内部空间中。第一横向构件38具有固定到侧壁18的一端和固定到侧壁20的相对端。第二横向构件40也位于集装箱的内部空间中,并且与第一横向构件38为大致间隔开的平行关系。横向构件38和40中的每个通常都位于相对于集装箱12的高度而言的中央。第二横向构件具有固定到侧壁18的一端和固定到侧壁22的相对端。横向构件38和40配置为维持侧壁18和20的整体性以对抗容纳在集装箱12的内部空间中的支撑剂的大重量。
图2是示出了本发明的支撑剂储存设备10的端视图。特别地,集装箱12的端壁22示出为在其上具有可滑动地容纳在引导件42内的装货口28。合适的液压机构或气动机构可以与限料闸28相关联以升高或降低限料闸28。在降低的位置中,限料闸28锁闭以阻止支撑剂从集装箱12的内部空间中流出。在升高的位置中,限料闸28会对集装箱12的内部空间打开以允许支撑剂从其中排出。支撑剂入口32和通风口34示出为位于端壁22上。
在本发明的构思中,有利的是能够将数个集装箱堆叠在彼此之上。这样,端部表面30在其上具有结构支柱44和46。类似地,水平结构件48和50会在集装箱12的顶部和底部、在结构支柱44和46之间延伸。结构件提高集装箱的整体性,使得大量的重量可以堆叠在集装箱12上。此外,结构件44、46、48和50将集装箱12的整体性提高到其中支撑的大重量。
图3示出了本发明的***60。***60首先包括将支撑剂装载运输到容器62中的期望位置。容器62具有与散装物料列车64相关联的料斗的性质。散装物料列车64由位于铁路岔道68上的机车66驱动。这样,在本发明中,散装物料被散装物料列车64输送到期望的位置。散装物料列车64的容器62可以在该期望位置处被立即卸载,使得机车66可以送回散装物料列车64用于其他铁路用途。
铁路岔道68示出为位于升高的位置中。这样,集装箱70、72、74和76可以位于容器62附近,并且与散装物料列车64相邻。集装箱70、72、74和76中的每个都具有与本文中与图1和2关联示出的结构类似的结构。
集装箱70的顶壁78上的装货口示出为相邻于与容器62相关联的输送机80。换言之,散装物料列车64的料斗在输送机80附近打开。输送机80在容器62的门和在集装箱70的顶壁78上的装货口之间延伸。一旦散装物料列车64的该料斗向容器70中卸载完,输送机80就能够沿散装物料列车64向前移动,使得另一料斗能够将其支撑剂内容物排出到货车82的集装箱72中。集装箱70和72支撑在货车82的车板上。类似地,输送机84允许散装物料列车64的另一料斗卸载到集装箱74中。集装箱76能够保持为靠近散装物料列车64的另一料斗,使得能够进行其他卸载。
集装箱装卸机86布置为允许提升和运输集装箱70、72、74和76。具体地,在图3中可以看出,集装箱装卸机86已经将集装箱从货车88中移除,并且已经将集装箱90和92分别放置在倾斜机构94和96上。倾斜机构94和96包括枢轴转动地连接到框架的支撑板。液压机构此时能够使板向上枢轴转动,使得集装箱90倾斜,以致端壁以一定角度向下面向漏斗98。倾斜机构96也包括相似的结构,使得集装箱92的端壁向下朝向漏斗100。倾斜机构94和96允许支撑剂以非常快速、方便且安全的方式排出到各个漏斗98和100中。
输送机102延伸至漏斗78的底部和气动散装拖车104的顶部。因此,通过在集装箱92的端壁处的限料闸排出到漏斗98中的支撑剂被输送机102运输到气动散装拖车104中。类似地,另一输送机106从漏斗100延伸至另一气动散装拖车108,以将支撑剂排出到气动散装拖车中。当气动散装拖车108中的每个都已经装满支撑剂时,此时这些气动散装拖车104和108可以将支撑剂运输到井场。
平板货车110和112排队以容纳另外的集装箱114。货车112布置为与集装箱114相邻,使得集装箱装卸机116能够将集装箱放置到货车112的平板上。然后,货车112可以移动到与散装物料列车64相邻的另外的位置,用于进一步卸载与其相关联的料斗。这样,可以看出,各种平板货车的工作台允许将支撑剂从散装物料列车64的料斗中高效和有效地移除。
在图3中,集装箱114布置为堆叠配置。因为集装箱是空的,所以如图3中所示,集装箱114被堆叠为五层高。然而,在本发明的构思中,如果与可用的散装物料拖车104和108相比能够更快地卸载散装物料列车64的话,则装满的集装箱也可以布置在堆中。通常,考虑到在集装箱中支撑的大重量,集装箱仅能够被堆叠四层高。这些集装箱可以堆叠直到需要支撑剂的时候或者直到用于卸载这样的集装箱的装备可用的时候。
本发明的***中使用的集装箱中的每个都是专门设计的8英尺乘20英尺的集装箱,其能够容纳96000磅的支撑剂。集装箱能够由可获得的并且经济的平板车、低车板和集装箱底盘来移动。如图3中所示,设施需要仅1.5英亩来管理4千5百万磅的支撑剂。空的集装箱能够堆叠五层高,而满的集装箱能够堆叠三或四层高。能够使用捆绑来确保安全。与本发明相关联的集装箱允许以高效和有效的方式移除支撑剂。能够通过入口注入空气,以有利于支撑剂在限料闸处向外流出。在此布置中,已经发现,可以在15分钟内卸载90000磅的支撑剂。
集装箱中的每个都能够布置为每160平方英尺的占地面积储存360000磅的支撑剂。卸载设备能够在少于二十分钟的时间内卸载一个轨道车,或者在少于48小时的时间内卸载120个车组的列车。能够同时卸载多个轨道车。
能够根据需要多或少的支撑剂来调整集装箱布置的规模。能够使用WMS库存控制***。在这种***中,每个集装箱中都能够被打上条形码并且登记以按支撑剂的筛孔尺寸来跟踪库存的支撑剂的量。一旦集装箱被装载,它们在场地中就能够容易并且安全地堆叠起来。这样,使用的是空中的空间而不是场地的空间。所需要的仅是坚固的地基和适当的集装箱装卸设备。
支撑剂从集装箱被卸载到气动散装拖车。这样,支撑剂会保持干燥,并且与平地储存的支撑剂相比操作较少。当支撑剂被需要时,集装箱移动机将集装箱移到液压底盘。然后,支撑剂被倾倒到漏斗中。使用风箱来将支撑剂吹出集装箱。
本发明的方法确保现场紧靠铁路岔道。与筒仓设施相比,本发明的方法能够快速地实施。通常,会需要长达两年的时间来建设这样的筒仓设施。集装箱的数量可以根据库存的需求来调整。在钻井现场处能够移动并补给集装箱的小型堆,以确保用于压裂操作的连续库存。与现有技术相比,本发明的***可以使库存移动到更接近生产现场。
本发明提供更低的每吨支撑剂总成本。特别地,能够在矿的现场分阶段安排空集装箱。这用于为支撑剂供应商解决生产率的问题。这还用于为支撑剂供应商提高生产量/利润。能够在现场储存任何过度供给或过剩的产品。作为帮助支撑剂供应商解决他们的供应链问题的交换,这允许公司洽谈更优惠的价格。
与其中气动散装拖车从散装物料列车到井场不断地来回移动的现有***相比,本发明允许将这种支撑剂储存在与铁路线相邻的位置中。因此,可以减少货车驾驶员的疲劳。本发明的***促进更安全的工作环境。维持更高品质的驾驶员储备。此外,该***符合运输部的法规。
参照图4,示出了根据本发明的教导的设备10。设备10包括拖车12,所述拖车具有位于拖车12的车板24上的多个支撑剂储存集装箱14、16、18、20和22。拖车12具有结构框架26,所述结构框架紧固到拖车12的车板24,以提高拖车12的结构整体性。一对轮子28、30被图示为在拖车12的后端32附近支撑拖车12的车板24。滚轮轨道34位于拖车12的车板24上。集装箱14、16、18、20和22中的每个都由轨道滚轮34支撑。
在图4中,集装箱14、16和18完全装载有支撑剂物料。集装箱14位于拖车12的端部32处。集装箱16位于与集装箱14的与拖车12的端部32相反的端部相邻。类似地,集装箱18位于靠着集装箱16的端部并且大致位于拖车12的中心。集装箱20被图示为部分地填充有支撑剂物料。集装箱20包括位于其底部处的排出口36。集装箱14、16、18、20和22中的每个都会具有排出口36。排出口36被特别地配置为可打开的,以允许通过集装箱的底部将支撑剂从集装箱的内部排出。集装箱22位于拖车12的前端38处。集装箱22被图示为不含有支撑剂物料。这样,集装箱22表示排空的集装箱。
在图4中能够看出,在后端32和前端38之间的位置中存在位于拖车12的车板24之下的输送单元40。特别地,输送单元40会位于集装箱20的排出口36之下。在图4中能够看出,支撑剂物料42已经被排出到料箱44中。输送机能够与料箱44配合,以将支撑剂42运输到井场处的期望位置。输送机能够具有为了将支撑剂物料沿着其拉到井场处的期望位置而转动的螺旋钻的性质。料箱44还能够具有用于将支撑剂物料与用于输送到井场的其他化学物质进行混合的混合器的性质。
图5是示出了拖车12的平面图。可以看出,拖车12具有前端38和后端32。轮子28、30、50和52可转动地安装到拖车12,以允许拖车12在位于下面的表面上移动。拖车12包括侧梁54、56。端梁58、60产生了拖车12的车板24的矩形构造。横向构件62侧在梁54、56之间延伸以提供拖车12的结构整体性。能够将各种其他结构部件加入到这些部件,以进一步增强拖车12的结构整体性。
在图5中能够看出,存在沿着拖车12的车板24纵向地并且基本在拖车12的整个长度上延伸的第一滚轮轨道34。第二滚轮轨道64布置为与第一滚轮轨道34成间隔开的平行关系。滚轮轨道34和64提供了能够供支撑剂集装箱放置在其上的表面。滚轮适当地被配置,使得能够通过在支撑剂集装箱的一端上简单地推动而使集装箱容易地移动,从而使支撑剂集装箱能够沿着滚轮轨道34和64的表面平移。
在图5中能够看出,在端部38处形成有拖车挂接装置66。拖车挂接装置66允许拖车12连接到牵引车辆。这样,能够将拖车12运输到任何期望的位置,并且在井场处将其适当地操作至处于合适的位置中,使得能够将输送单元40(如图1所示)放置在拖车12的车板24之下的合适位置中。
图6图示了本发明的方法的起始步骤。在图3中可以看出,拖车12具有暴露于其顶部表面处的滚轮轨道34。这样,放置在车板24上的滚轮轨道34能够提供用于在其上接收支撑剂集装箱的表面。输送单元40位于拖车12的前端38的后方和拖车的后端32的前方。特别地,输送单元40会处于从远离端部32的集装箱接收支撑剂的位置中。
在本发明的方法中,存在位置与拖车12的前端38相邻的可调节的移动车或脚部70。该脚部70能够被适当地调节,使得滚轮轨道34处于大致水平的取向。这样,拖车12能够适应于各种表面倾斜或者不平整。
在图7中能够看出,支撑剂集装箱22被装载到与端部32相邻的滚轮轨道34上。如图7所示的集装箱22填充有支撑剂物料。
在图8中,支撑剂集装箱22位于输送单元40之上。为了允许获得该位置,能够将另一支撑剂集装箱20布置在滚轮轨道34上,以推动支撑剂集装箱22远离拖车12的端部32。类似地,能够将支撑剂集装箱18放置在拖车12的端部32上,以沿着滚轮轨道34推动集装箱20和22。此外,能够将支撑剂集装箱14放置在拖车12的端部32上,以向拖车12的前端38进一步推动集装箱18、20、和22。
在图8中所示的配置中,装满的集装箱14、18、20、和22位于滚轮轨道34上。支撑剂集装箱22位于输送单元40正上方。这样,集装箱22位于用于排出的适当位置中。集装箱22的排出口36能够打开,以将支撑剂物料排出到输送单元40的料箱44中。这样,本发明能够实现支撑剂物料的正确排出。在图8中,支撑剂集装箱中的每个都能够通过使用叉车或者其他的简单提升机构而被简单且容易地装载到滚轮轨道34上。这样,就不需要专用装置来以上文中所述的方式将支撑剂物料正确地排出。
在图9中能够看出,已经将支撑剂集装箱22完全排空并且移动到与拖车12的端部38相邻的位置。集装箱20现在位于料箱44之上的并且适合于排出的位置中。集装箱18向前移动以将集装箱20推到其适当的位置。集装箱16也沿着滚轮轨道34向前移动。集装箱22现在处于从拖车12的车板24移除的合适状态。由于集装箱22是空的,其能够从车板24容易地移除。通过在拖车12的滚轮轨道34上添加集装箱14(如图4所示)而使集装箱16、18、20和22以上文中描述的方式向前移动。这样,集装箱14会采用图4中所示的位置。因此,拖车12能够处理其上的达到五个(5)的支撑剂集装箱。
在本发明的方法中,能够将集装箱持续地装载到拖车12上直到支撑剂输送所需的长度的时间。仅需要将输送单元之上的集装箱排空,移除空的集装箱,然后使剩余的装满的集装箱移动使得使排空的集装箱朝向拖车12的端部38移动。该过程能够按需持续直到在井场处的位置处将所有支撑剂适当地接收时为止。
本发明被认为能够允许手动地或者通过机械操作容易地实现完全装满的支撑剂集装箱的移动。例如,能够使用叉车来提升装满的支撑剂集装箱、将支撑剂集装箱放置在滚轮轨道上、然后将支撑剂集装箱向前推动以将剩余的集装箱向前推动。本发明的方法还允许填充在所述方法期间被腾空的或者排空的集装箱。这样,如果支撑剂物料在井场处是可用的,那么能够在拖车12的端部32处将排空的集装箱再次放置到滚轮轨道34上,以进一步继续处理支撑剂物料。最终,能够通过拖车12将排空的支撑剂集装箱运输到其他位置进行再填充。本发明提供了一种容易且方便的方式来提供适当量的支撑剂物料以供期望的压裂操作的简单。
本发明上述公开和描述是其说明及解释。在不脱离本发明的真实精神的情况下,可以在所附权利要求的范围内对所示结构的细节或者所述方法的步骤做出各种改变。本发明应当仅由所附权利要求及其法律等同物所限定。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于将支撑剂输送到井场的设备,所述设备包括:
支撑结构,具有用于接收多个支撑剂集装箱的车板,所述支撑结构具有一个或一个以上横向构件以在所述多个支撑剂集装箱位于其上时为其提供结构支撑;所述多个支撑剂集装箱是能够运输支撑剂的任意多个集装箱;和
位于所述一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱之下并且在所述车板的表面附近的料箱,所述料箱至少部分地由所述支撑结构的横向构件定界,所述料箱具有一个或一个以上倾斜侧部以使支撑剂向下汇集并且远离一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱以及具有从所述料箱伸出的流动通道,所述料箱刚性地连接于所述支撑结构,所述料箱的所述一个或一个以上倾斜侧部向下伸出并且向内朝向所述流动通道以及定位成使得所述支撑剂流藉由重力送料流出所述料箱。。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,还包括输送单元,所述输送单元位于所述料箱附近,以在一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱位于所述料箱之上时接收来自一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱的支撑剂,并且用于输送从所述料箱接收的支撑剂远离一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱。
3.如权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述输送单元包括螺旋钻、输送机和溜槽中的一个或一个以上。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备,还包括轮子,所述轮子耦接到所述支撑结构以促进所述支撑结构的移动,并且其中所述料箱的流动通道还被布置为在支撑剂集装箱位于所述支撑结构上时,基本位于上方的支撑剂集装箱的出口之下,使得支撑剂通过重力送料从所述支撑剂集装箱的出口容易地流动并且进入料箱中以被引导远离所述支撑剂集装箱。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱在位于所述支撑结构上时基本居中布置并且位于所述料箱之上,使得在支撑剂流动通过集装箱的底部中的出口时,支撑剂沿着所述一个或一个以上所述倾斜侧部朝向所述流动通道汇集。
6.权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述支撑结构包括布置在所述料箱附近的垂直支撑构件,所述垂直支撑构件为间隔开的关系以形成一个或更多个开口,从而使得能够目视所述料箱的一个或一个以上所述倾斜侧部。
7.权利要求1所述的设备,还包括与所述支撑结构相关联的脚部,所述脚部是可调节的以改变所述支撑结构的车板的水平取向。
8.一种用于将支撑剂输送到井场的设备,所述设备包括:
支撑结构,具有用于接收多个支撑剂集装箱的车板,所述支撑结构具有一个或一个以上横向构件以在所述多个支撑剂集装箱位于其上时为其提供结构支撑,所述多个支撑剂集装箱是能够运输支撑剂的任意多个集装箱;和
位于一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱之下并且在所述车板的表面附近的料箱,所述料箱至少部分地由所述支撑结构的横向构件定界,具有一个或一个以上倾斜侧部以使支撑剂向下汇集远离一个或一个以上所述多个集装箱,和具有当一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱位于所述支撑结构上以位于所述料箱之上时被布置为基本位于一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱之下的入口,并且所述料箱刚性地连接于所述支撑结构,所述料箱的一个或一个以上所述倾斜侧部还向下伸出并向内朝向所设流动通道以使所述支撑剂流藉由重力送料离开所述料箱。
9.如权利要求8所述的设备,还包括输送单元,所述输送单元位于所述料箱附近,以在一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱位于所述料箱之上时接收来自一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱的支撑剂,并且用于输送从所述料箱接收的支撑剂远离所述支撑剂集装箱。
10.如权利要求9所述的设备,其中所述输送单元包括螺旋钻、输送机和溜槽中的一个或一个以上。
11.如权利要求8所述的设备,所述入口位于所述支撑结构的车板附近。
12.如权利要求8所述的设备,其中一个或一个以上所述多个支撑剂集装箱在位于所述支撑结构上时基本居中布置并且位于所述料箱之上,使得在支撑剂流动通过集装箱的底部中的出口时,支撑剂沿着所述一个或一个以上所述倾斜侧部朝向所述流动通道汇集。
13.权利要求8所述的设备,其中所述支撑结构包括布置在所述料箱附近的垂直支撑构件,所述垂直支撑构件为间隔开的关系以形成一个或更多个开口,从而使得能够目视所述料箱的一个或一个以上所述倾斜侧部的外表面。
14.权利要求8所述的设备,还包括与所述支撑结构相关联的脚部,所述脚部是可调节的以改变所述支撑结构的车板的水平取向。
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US10814767B2 (en) 2020-10-27
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US20190143873A1 (en) 2019-05-16
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CN106414274A (zh) 2017-02-15
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