CN101368599A - 驱动轴和用于驱动轴的同步活节 - Google Patents

驱动轴和用于驱动轴的同步活节 Download PDF

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CN101368599A
CN101368599A CNA200810165808XA CN200810165808A CN101368599A CN 101368599 A CN101368599 A CN 101368599A CN A200810165808X A CNA200810165808X A CN A200810165808XA CN 200810165808 A CN200810165808 A CN 200810165808A CN 101368599 A CN101368599 A CN 101368599A
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movable joint
hub
interior
crimping
synchronous movable
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C·迪塞尔
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Shaft Form Engineering GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/221—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being located in sockets in one of the coupling parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/224—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22306—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts having counter tracks, i.e. ball track surfaces which diverge in opposite directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22313—Details of the inner part of the core or means for attachment of the core on the shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22316—Means for fastening or attaching the bellows or gaiters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/2232—Elements arranged in the hollow space between the end of the inner shaft and the outer joint member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/22—Vibration damping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906—Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种驱动轴，特别是用于机动车的纵轴，所述驱动轴具有至少一个空心轴段和至少一个同步活节(1)，同步活节(1)的外毂(3)与空心轴段(8)连接。

Description

驱动轴和用于驱动轴的同步活节
本申请是申请日为2006年2月4日、发明名称为“驱动轴和用于驱动轴的同步活节”的专利申请200680005337.5的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种驱动轴，特别是用于机动车辆的纵轴，所述纵轴具有至少一个空心轴段和至少一个同步(等速)活节(Gleichlaufgelenk)，该同步活节的外毂与空心轴段连接，并通过一盖相对于空心轴段密封。此外，本发明还涉及一种用在这种驱动轴中的同步活节。
背景技术
由DE 102 09 993 A1已知一种上述类型的用于驱动轴的同步活节/万向节。在这种构造为球笼式活节/对置滚道式活节(Gegenbahngelenk)的活节中外毂由一接纳件包围，其中在支承件和外毂之间设置一密封片或盖，该盖可以防止污物进入活节。例如在正面碰撞时在驱动轴上也作用有很大的轴向力，同步活节可能由于该轴向力被破坏，使内毂可能进入与外毂相连的空心轴内。这里，仅用于密封活节的盖不能形成值得一提的阻力，而是在力较小时便已经与内毂一同被推入空心轴内。
当前，在机动车中特别是根据可能的碰撞载荷来设计驱动轴，使得驱动轴在例如由事故引起的大的轴向力时吸收能量并产生变形。这里，该变形应该尽可能这样进行，即，使驱动轴不会进入车辆的内部空间，以减小乘客受伤的危险。为此在DE 42 27 967 A1中推荐了一种驱动轴，该驱动轴具有一个带有可确定地再现/重复的塑性的变形性能的区域。该区域设计成，使设计成空心轴的驱动轴的(各)区段局部地相互折叠和相互进入。在驱动轴的这种也称为压溃管(Stülprohr)的结构中，在超过确定的轴向力时，有目的地使驱动轴在发生大量能量耗散的情况下发生变形。
如果这种结构的驱动轴具有上述同步活节，在由于事故引起而出现的大的轴向力时，可以首先在变形行程较小时出现力的迅速增加，直至同步活节破坏。然后在空心轴撞上变速箱或差速器前，同步活节的内毂可以与盖一起以较相同的小的力被推入空心轴内确定的行程。只有此时所述轴才在受到大的力的情况下发生变形。由于变形力的这种迅速依次进行的增加、下降和重新增加，会对车辆乘客作用交变的加速度，这种加速度可能引起伤害，例如颈椎综合症或者甚至更严重伤害。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于，实现一种开头所述类型的、在碰撞性能上进一步优化的驱动轴以及同步活节。
根据本发明，主要这样来实现所述目的，即在驱动轴中这样设计和布置盖和空心轴段，即，使得同步活节的内毂特别是由于事故引起的作用在其上的轴向力能够至少不能明显地进入空心轴段内。因此驱动轴和同步活节变形所需要的力迅速增加，而不会因为基本上无(作用)力地使内毂向空心轴内移入而下降。因此在根据本发明的驱动轴中，可以基本上直接在同步活节破坏后(立即)进行驱动轴的确定的变形，从而在车辆乘客上作用尽可能均匀的减速。
这里，驱动轴的空心轴段优选地具有带有确定塑性变形性能的区域。特别是驱动轴可以设计成一种压溃筒，在该压溃筒中，在变形期间实现大的能量耗散。
根据本发明的目的还通过一种同步活节来实现，其中所述盖限定一止挡面，该止挡面限制特别是由事故引起的内毂相对于外毂的轴向移动。为了使盖不会对在工作时所需要的内毂相对于外毂的最大偏转/弯曲(Beugung)产生不利影响，在内毂和盖之间优选设置至少较小的间距。由此使内毂相对于外毂的轴向移动被限制在例如小于25mm。但为了使车辆乘客经受尽可能均匀的减速，优选的是，在通过盖将内毂和外毂之间的最大移动限制在小于15mm，例如限制在约为10mm。
为了在同步活节由于大的轴向力破坏后，引入符合目的的驱动轴的变形，通过合适地选择其几何形状和/或其材料，盖必须能够承受由内毂传递的至少50kN的轴向力。这个由盖承受的轴向力的大小取决于使驱动轴实现符合目的的变形的力的大小。因此通常要求，盖承受超过100kN，优选为超过150kN或约250kN的轴向力。
为了限制内毂可相对于外毂移动的行程，所述盖优选具有一朝向内毂的突起，该突起形成用于内毂的止挡面。盖可附加地或替代地设有凹槽、筋、弯边(Aufkantung)等以进行加强。如果盖没有通过其形状和/或轮廓已经设计成可承受大的轴向力，所述盖也可以由高强度金属或例如由纤维强化的塑料制成。
为了以合适的方式将盖固定在外毂和/或驱动轴上，外毂可至少局部地由特别是形成空心轴段的接纳件不可相对旋转地包围，其中盖保持在所述接纳件中。当然盖也可以与外毂和/或驱动轴相焊接或以其它合适的方式连接。为此支承件、外毂和/或驱动轴可以具有盖可贴靠在其上的凸台、凹口等。
根据本发明的一个优选实施形式，内毂特别是一体地与一套筒相连，该套筒具有用于与变速箱或差速器的轴颈不可相对旋转地连接的内齿部。在这种结构中，内毂可以直接套在变速箱输出轴或差速器输入轴的轴颈上，由此不仅可较方便地装配驱动轴，而且还可以使其最优地对中。
另外，优选的是，例如与DE 102 09 933 A1中所述的结构相类似，将同步活节设计成球笼式活节，其中外毂中的保持架(
Figure A200810165808D0006151746QIETU
)通过保持架对中面引导。
根据本发明设计的驱动轴或同步活节不仅可用在机动车纵轴中，而且也适合于例如半轴的安装。因为半轴中的活节在工作时所需要的最大偏转大多明显超过对于驱动纵轴所需要的偏转，盖与活节部件—特别是内毂—的距离选择为，使得可以产生足够大的活节偏转，例如对于纵轴约为10°，或者对于半轴约为20°。
本发明的改进方案、优点和应用可能性由对实施例和附图的以下说明得到。其中所述的和/或图示的所有特征单独地或以任意的组合构成本发明的内容，与其在权利要求中对其的总结或权利要求引用关系无关。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出根据本发明同步活节的剖视图。
具体实施方式
唯一的附图示意性地示出了根据本发明同步活节1的剖视图，同步活节1具有内毂2、外毂3和接纳在保持架4内的、用来在内毂2和外毂3之间传递扭矩的滚珠5。
同步活节1设计成球笼式活节，从而内毂2和外毂3都分别具有交替地沿周向分布设置的第一内滚道或第一外滚道和第二内滚道或第二外滚道。在附图中所示的第一内滚道2a第一外滚道3a共同构成滚道对，在该滚道对内分别接纳一滚珠5。
在外毂3的内表面上，在外滚道之间成对地形成彼此邻接的第一和第二保持架对中面，这里在图中只能看到第一保持架对中面3b。第一保持架对中面3b分别与第一外滚道3a邻接，而第二保持架对中面与第二外滚道邻接。第一和第二保持架对中面分别从外毂相对的端部沿相反的方向无沉割地延伸，并在此期间逐渐靠近外毂轴线。通过设计成这样的保持架对中面使得可以在外毂3内引导保持架4。
内毂2设计成套筒形构件，在其外表面上设有内滚道，其内表面局部设有内齿部6，使内毂2例如可以套在变速箱输出轴或差速器输入轴上。
在所示实施形式中，外毂3被接纳件7包围，该接纳件7与外毂3不可相对旋转地连接。接纳件7在背向内毂2的一侧形成空心轴段8，它可以一体地过渡到驱动轴中，或以合适的方式例如通过焊接与驱动轴连接。在接纳件7和空心轴段8之间的过渡区内形成台阶形的凸台9，盖10装在凸台9内。这里，盖10相对于空心轴段8密封同步活节1。
如附图所示，盖10设有向内毂2方向延伸的中央突起11，在盖10的所述突起11与内毂2之间留有间隙12，从而内毂2可相对于外毂3摆动，而内毂2不致撞到盖10上。但是间隙12应选得尽可能小，例如为约10mm。为了进行加强，在端盖10上加工多个径向分布的凹槽13。
如果例如由于事故在同步活节1上作用在图中用箭头表示的轴向力，则活节被破坏，从而在工作状态下牢固地保持在外毂3内的内毂2可沿轴向自由地移入外毂3内。内毂2由于轴向力移动由间隙12限定的行程，直至内毂2贴靠在盖10的突起11上为止，因此所述突起11构成内毂2的止挡面。由于盖10的高刚性以及因为它沿轴向固定在凸台9内，内毂2不能继续进入空心轴段8内。如果作用在同步活节1上的轴向力继续增加，则未示出的驱动轴因此便按确定的、例如以压溃管的形式变形。此时很高的能量被耗散。
因此通过盖10的轮廓、材料和/或形状既可以确切地确定内毂2可通过的最大移动行程，也可以确定盖10承受的力。因此盖10例如可以吸收由事故引起的约为150kN至200kN的轴向力，而内毂2不会进入空心轴段8。
这样来选择图中所示带突起11的端盖10的结构，即，使得内毂2可以相对于外毂3实现同步活节工作所需要的偏转，而内毂2不与突起11接触。可以通过内毂2止挡在盖10的突起11上来限制内毂2相对于外毂3的超出需要的偏转以外的偏转，因此滚珠5不会例如在装配时由于活节过于强烈的过度偏转从滚道中掉出。
除了盖10和突起11的所示轮廓以外，也可以选择其它任何构型，例如带有在横截面内成矩形的突起，只要由此可将在例如由事故引起大的轴向力时所出现的内毂2的最大移动行程保持尽可能短。

Claims (9)

1.一种同步活节，具有密封结构，特别是用于机动车辆的驱动轴，包括：
所述同步活节(1)的具有外滚道(3a)的外毂(3)、具有内滚道(2a)的内毂(2)、成对地分别由一外滚道(3a)和一内滚道(2a)引导的传递扭矩的滚珠(5)和带有保持架窗口的保持架(4)，所述滚珠(5)接纳在所述保持架窗口中并保持在同一平面内；
与内毂(2)牢固连接并与所述内毂同心布置的套筒；
带有接纳件(7)的密封结构，该接纳件(7)与外毂(3)不可相对旋转地连接，其中所述密封结构具有密封膜片，该密封膜片以外卷边(Bund)与外毂(3)牢固连接并以内卷边与所述套筒密封连接，所述密封结构还具有用于将所述内卷边固定在所述套筒上的固定环(Sicherungsring)；
其中所述套筒具有环绕的环形槽，密封膜片以形成的内环形凸起接合在该环形槽中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的同步活节，其特征在于，所述固定环设计成环绕封闭的金属线环的形式，该金属线环支承在密封膜片的内卷边的外表面上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的同步活节，其特征在于，所述密封膜片的内卷边在其外表面上具有环绕的凹部，所述固定环形锁合地接合在所述凹部中。
4.根据权利要求1至3之任一项所述的同步活节，其特征在于，所述接纳件(7)具有环绕的、向内开放的翻边，所述密封膜片以其外卷边形锁合地接合在所述翻边中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的同步活节，其特征在于，所述接纳件(7)设计成，使得所述的与外卷边形锁合地接合的翻边到活节中心面的轴向距离比到膜片件的连接区中的内卷边的小。
6.根据权利要求1至5之任一项所述的同步活节，其特征在于，所述套筒在与环形槽轴向相邻的区段内具有用于接纳锁紧螺母的外螺纹。
7.根据权利要求1至6之任一项所述的同步活节，其特征在于，所述套筒与内毂(2)制成一体的。
8.根据权利要求1至7之任一项所述的同步活节，其特征在于，在内卷边和外卷边之间的膜片件设计成波纹状。
9.一种具有根据上述权利要求之任一项所述的同步活节的驱动轴，其特征在于，在所述活节(1)的离开密封膜片的一侧上设置有装在驱动轴的空心轴段(8)中的盖(10)形式的密封装置。
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US20100311508A1 (en) 2010-12-09
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CN101128681B (zh) 2011-11-16
RU2007134376A (ru) 2009-03-27
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