JP4821905B2 - 内燃機関の空燃比制御装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の空燃比制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
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- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
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- F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
- F02D41/1463—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
- F02D41/1465—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus with determination means using an estimation
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/16—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0802—Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/003—Adding fuel vapours, e.g. drawn from engine fuel reservoir
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
- F02D41/1456—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Description
また、前記目標設定手段は、各推定値毎が等しくなるように前記目標値を設定してもよい。
また、前記推定手段は、スロットル開度の開度予測値を前記推定値の推定に反映させてもよい。
また、前記推定手段は、燃料挙動モデルを前記推定値の推定に反映させてもよい。
次に、触媒19の構成及び酸素吸蔵作用について説明する。
以下、触媒モデルについて説明すると、先ず、図4に模式的に示したように、触媒19をガスの入口(流入側)Frから出口(流出側)Rrに向う軸線に直交する面により複数の領域(「ブロック」とも称呼する。)に分割する。即ち、触媒19を排ガスの流れ方向に沿って、複数の領域に分割する。分割された各領域の軸線方向の長さはL(微小の長さでありdxとも書く。)である。上述したように、触媒19の断面積はdA一定である。
(1)CPUは、アクセルポジションセンサ12から現時点のアクセル開度を検出する。
(2)CPUは、検出した現時点のアクセル開度に基づいて暫定的な目標スロットルバルブ開度を決定する。
(3)CPUは、決定された暫定的な目標スロットルバルブ開度を所定時間だけ遅延して実際の目標スロットルバルブ開度とする。換言すると、現時点から所定時間前の暫定的な目標スロットルバルブ開度が実際の目標スロットルバルブ開度として設定される。暫定的な目標スロットルバルブ開度は、それが実際の目標スロットルバルブ開度として使用されるまで時系列的にRAM内に格納される。
(4)CPUは、設定された実際の目標スロットルバルブ開度とスロットルバルブ9の開度が一致するようにスロットルモータ11を制御する。
(5)CPUは、現時点から次に吸気行程を迎える気筒の吸気弁が閉じる時点(吸気弁閉弁時)に至るまでの時間を推定し、その推定した時間と前記RAMに格納されている暫定的な目標スロットルバルブ開度とに基づいて、同気筒の吸気弁閉弁時における目標スロットルバルブ開度を算出し、同目標スロットルバルブ開度により同吸気弁閉弁時の推定スロットルバルブ開度を算出する。。
(6)CPUは、次に吸気行程を迎える気筒の吸気弁閉弁時の吸入空気流量(筒内吸入空気量)Mcを、前記推定スロットルバルブ開度とエンジン回転速度とマップとに基づいて推定する。
fw(k+1)=R・fi(k)+P・fw(k) …(57)
fc(k)=(1−R)・fi(k)+(1−P)・fw(k) …(58)
Claims (12)
- 内燃機関の排気通路上に配設された排気浄化触媒に流入する排ガスの排気空燃比に基づいて、前記排気浄化触媒から流出する排ガス中に含まれる一酸化炭素、炭化水素、酸素及び窒素酸化物のうちの少なくとも一つの排出量に関連する値であって、リッチ空燃比時に排出量が増加する成分である一酸化炭素及び炭化水素のうちの少なくとも一つの排出量に関連する推定値とリーン空燃比時に排出量が増加する成分である酸素及び窒素酸化物のうちの少なくとも一つの排出量に関連する推定値とを推定する推定手段と、
前記推定手段によって推定される前記各推定値毎に目標値を設定する目標設定手段と、
前記推定手段によって推定される前記各推定値が前記目標設定手段によって設定された前記各推定値毎の目標値となるように空燃比を制御する空燃比制御手段とを備えたことを特徴とする内燃機関の空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記推定手段によって推定される推定値が、所定時間後における値を予測したものであることを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記内燃機関の点火時期を制御する点火時期制御手段をさらに備え、かつ、前記空燃比制御手段が前記内燃機関の吸入空気量を調節するスロットルバルブの開度を任意に制御しえる機能を有しており、
前記推定手段による所定時間後の前記推定値が所定の目標値となるように前記空燃比制御手段を用いて空燃比を制御するに際して、前記空燃比制御手段によってスロットルバルブの開制御を遅延させるとともに、前記点火時期制御手段によって点火時期を進角させることを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3の何れか一項に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記目標設定手段によって設定される目標値が、所定範囲であることを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記目標設定手段が、各推定値毎が等しくなるように前記目標値を設定することを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項3に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記推定手段が、スロットル開度の開度予測値を前記推定値の推定に反映させることを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項3に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記推定手段が、燃料挙動モデルを前記推定値の推定に反映させることを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記排気浄化触媒から流出する排ガスの排気空燃比を検出する下流側空燃比センサと、前記推定手段によって推定された前記推定値及び前記下流側空燃比センサの検出結果に基づいて前記推定値の推定モデルを補正する推定モデル補正手段とをさらに備えていることを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記排気浄化触媒から流出する排ガスの排気空燃比を検出する下流側空燃比センサと、前記推定手段によって推定された前記推定値及び前記下流側空燃比センサの検出結果に基づいて前記下流側空燃比センサの診断を行うセンサ診断手段とをさらに備えていることを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記排気通路上に前記排気浄化触媒として上流側排気浄化触媒及び下流側排気浄化触媒が配設されており、
前記推定手段は、前記上流側排気浄化触媒及び前記下流側排気浄化触媒の双方について推定値を推定することを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項10に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記上流側排気浄化触媒から流出して前記下流側排気浄化触媒に流入する排ガスの排気空燃比を検出する中間部空燃比センサをさらに備え、
前記空燃比制御手段は、前記上流側排気浄化触媒についての前記推定値と前記中間部空燃比センサの検出結果とに基づいて、前記上流側排気浄化触媒から流出して前記下流側排気浄化触媒に流入する排ガスの排気空燃比を制御することを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。 - 請求項10に記載の内燃機関の空燃比制御装置において、
前記上流側排気浄化触媒についての前記推定値が排ガス中の酸素過不足量に関するものであり、
前記目標設定手段は、前記下流側排気浄化触媒に流入する排ガス中の前記酸素過不足量の積算値がゼロとなるように前記目標値を設定することを特徴とする空燃比制御装置。
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