JP4062231B2 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4062231B2 JP4062231B2 JP2003356697A JP2003356697A JP4062231B2 JP 4062231 B2 JP4062231 B2 JP 4062231B2 JP 2003356697 A JP2003356697 A JP 2003356697A JP 2003356697 A JP2003356697 A JP 2003356697A JP 4062231 B2 JP4062231 B2 JP 4062231B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/16—Oxygen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Characterised By The Charging Evacuation (AREA)
Description
ところが、触媒担体前半部のみに酸素貯蔵成分を担持させると、特許文献1にあるようにリッチ空燃比時の排気中のHC、COの酸化により触媒の温度が上昇して触媒活性が向上するなどの利点はあるものの、当然ながらリーン空燃比からリッチ空燃比への切換の初期に排気中の還元成分等が酸素貯蔵成分から放出される酸素により酸化されてしまい、NOX吸蔵還元触媒に吸蔵されたNOXの還元浄化に使用される還元成分等の量が不十分になる問題は依然として残ってしまう。
内燃機関の排気中のNOX成分はそのほとんどが一酸化窒素(NO)であるが、NOX吸蔵還元触媒はこのNOを酸化してNO2に転換した状態でなければ窒素酸化物(NOX)を吸蔵することができない。また、白金は酸化雰囲気(リーン空燃比)中では酸化触媒として機能するため、排気中のNOをNO2に酸化することができる。
図1は、本発明を自動車用内燃機関に適用した場合の、実施形態の概略構成を説明する図である。
図2は、本実施形態のコンバータ70の構成を示す断面図である。コンバータ70は、ケーシング70a内にNOX吸蔵還元触媒7を収納した形式とされている。
アルミナ層上に担持されたセリウムは、触媒に流入する排気の空燃比が理論空燃比より高いときに(排気空燃比がリーンのときに)排気中の酸素と結合してセリア(酸化セリウムIV:CeO2)を形成し酸素を貯蔵する。また、流入する排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下のときに(排気空燃比がリッチのときに)は、セリアは酸素を放出して酸化セリウムIII(Ce2O3)になるため酸素が放出される。
また、本実施形態の機関1のようにリーン空燃比からリッチ空燃比まで広い空燃比範囲で運転される機関では、理論空燃比で運転される機会も多い。このため、本実施形態では理論空燃比時にNOX吸蔵還元触媒7の三元触媒としての性能を最大限に利用する必要がある。
すなわち、本実施形態では上流側部分7aと下流側部分7bとのO2ストレージ能力とNOX吸蔵能力が以下の関係になるように設定している。
(2)上流側部分7aのNOX吸蔵能力は下流側部分7bより大きい。
以下、それぞれの効果について説明する。
従って、上流側部分から流出した未浄化のNOXは下流側部分のNOX吸蔵還元触媒に吸蔵されるようになり、触媒下流側に流出することが防止される。
2…排気通路
7…NOX吸蔵還元触媒
9…三元触媒
30…ECU(電子制御ユニット)
70…コンバータ
Claims (2)
- 流入する排気の空燃比がリーンのときに排気中のNOXを吸着、吸収またはその両方により吸蔵し、流入する排気の空燃比がリッチのときに排気中の還元成分を用いて吸蔵したNOXを還元浄化するNOX吸蔵還元触媒を排気通路に備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記NOX吸蔵還元触媒の担体は排気流上流側に位置する上流側担体部分と排気流下流側に位置する下流側担体部分とを備え、
前記担体は、更に排気の空燃比がリーンのときに排気中の酸素を吸収し、排気の空燃比がリッチのときに吸収した酸素を放出する酸素貯蔵成分を担持すると共に、前記上流側担体部分の前記酸素貯蔵成分担持量を前記下流側担体部分の前記酸素貯蔵成分担持量より小さくし、
かつ、前記上流側担体部分のNOX吸蔵能力を前記下流側担体部分のNOX吸蔵能力より大きくし、
更に、前記上流側担体部分と下流側担体部分との白金担持量を変えることにより前記上流側担体部分のNOX吸蔵能力を下流側担体部分のNOX吸蔵能力より大きくした、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 流入する排気の空燃比がリーンのときに排気中のNOXを吸着、吸収またはその両方により吸蔵し、流入する排気の空燃比がリッチのときに排気中の還元成分を用いて吸蔵したNOXを還元浄化するNOX吸蔵還元触媒を排気通路に備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記NOX吸蔵還元触媒の担体は排気流上流側に位置する上流側担体部分と排気流下流側に位置する下流側担体部分とを備え、
前記担体は、更に排気の空燃比がリーンのときに排気中の酸素を吸収し、排気の空燃比がリッチのときに吸収した酸素を放出する酸素貯蔵成分を担持すると共に、前記上流側担体部分の前記酸素貯蔵成分担持量を前記下流側担体部分の前記酸素貯蔵成分担持量より小さくし、
かつ、前記上流側担体部分のNOX吸蔵能力を前記下流側担体部分のNOX吸蔵能力より大きくし、
更に、前記上流側担体部分と下流側担体部分との担体セル形状とセルサイズとの少なくとも一方を変えることにより、前記上流側担体部分のNOX吸蔵能力を下流側担体部分のNOX吸蔵能力より大きくした、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003356697A JP4062231B2 (ja) | 2003-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
CNA2004800302580A CN1867757A (zh) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-14 | 用于内燃机的废气净化装置 |
AT04791692T ATE409276T1 (de) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-14 | Abgasregelvorrichtung für verbrennungsmotor |
ES04791692T ES2315719T3 (es) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-14 | Aparato para control del gas de expulsion para un motor de combustion interna. |
EP04791692A EP1689984B1 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-14 | Exhaust gas control apparatus for internal combustion engine |
DE602004016768T DE602004016768D1 (de) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-14 | Abgasregelvorrichtung für verbrennungsmotor |
PCT/IB2004/003353 WO2005038208A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-14 | Exhaust gas control apparatus for internal combustion engine |
US10/573,702 US7305820B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-14 | Exhaust gas control apparatus for internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003356697A JP4062231B2 (ja) | 2003-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005120909A JP2005120909A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
JP4062231B2 true JP4062231B2 (ja) | 2008-03-19 |
Family
ID=34463220
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003356697A Expired - Fee Related JP4062231B2 (ja) | 2003-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7305820B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1689984B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4062231B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1867757A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE409276T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004016768D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2315719T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005038208A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (17)
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US7673445B2 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2010-03-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Mechanical apparatus having a catalytic NOx storage and conversion device |
JP4363406B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-07 | 2009-11-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の空燃比制御装置 |
EP1916029B1 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2014-06-04 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Method and apparatus for the purifiction of exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine |
JP4337872B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-21 | 2009-09-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
DE102008063487A1 (de) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-24 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie aus einem Abgas |
RO122734B1 (ro) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-12-30 | Aurel Enache | Dispozitiv şi procedeu pentru reducerea noxelor din gazele arse rezultate din combustia dintr-un motor termic, şi ţeavă de eşapament echipată cu astfel de dispozitive |
US8857159B2 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2014-10-14 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Systems and methods for reducing NOx breakthrough |
GB0922195D0 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2010-02-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Improvements in NOx traps |
JP5720950B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-22 | 2015-05-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化装置 |
EP3034165B1 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2022-02-09 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust system comprising an exhaust cleaning catalyst |
US9744529B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2017-08-29 | Basf Corporation | Integrated LNT-TWC catalyst |
DE102015201902B4 (de) * | 2015-02-04 | 2022-11-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Abgasnachbehandlungsanordnung |
US9650981B1 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-05-16 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Adjustment of measured oxygen storage capacity based on upstream O2 sensor performance |
DE102016222108A1 (de) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Einstellen eines Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnisses eines Verbrennungsmotors |
JP2019112973A (ja) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-07-11 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP7393176B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-12-06 | 株式会社Subaru | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
US11643959B2 (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2023-05-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Additively manufactured catalytic converter substrates |
Family Cites Families (13)
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JP2623926B2 (ja) | 1990-07-05 | 1997-06-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の触媒コンバータ装置 |
DE69218183T2 (de) | 1991-12-27 | 1997-07-31 | Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk | Vorrichtung zur emissionsregelung in einem verbrennungsmotor |
US5873468A (en) | 1995-11-16 | 1999-02-23 | Sumitomo Sitix Corporation | Thin-plate supporting container with filter means |
US5974788A (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1999-11-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for desulfating a nox trap |
JPH11104493A (ja) | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-20 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化用触媒及び使用方法 |
DE19801626B4 (de) | 1998-01-17 | 2010-08-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Diagnose eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators beim Betrieb von Verbrennungsmotoren |
GB2355944B (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2001-11-14 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | An exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine |
JP3370957B2 (ja) | 1998-09-18 | 2003-01-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP3733834B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-02 | 2006-01-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP4088412B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-26 | 2008-05-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の空燃比制御装置 |
DE60235778D1 (de) * | 2001-06-18 | 2010-05-06 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Vorrichtung zum Steuern des Luft-Kraftstoffverhältnises einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US20040001781A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2004-01-01 | Engelhard Corporation | Multi-zone catalytic converter |
JP3972748B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-03 | 2007-09-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
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2003
- 2003-10-16 JP JP2003356697A patent/JP4062231B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-14 EP EP04791692A patent/EP1689984B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-10-14 US US10/573,702 patent/US7305820B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-14 DE DE602004016768T patent/DE602004016768D1/de active Active
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EP1689984A1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
US20060272316A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
CN1867757A (zh) | 2006-11-22 |
ATE409276T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
DE602004016768D1 (de) | 2008-11-06 |
EP1689984B1 (en) | 2008-09-24 |
WO2005038208A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
JP2005120909A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
ES2315719T3 (es) | 2009-04-01 |
US7305820B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 |
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