EP0001198A1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen von Gegenständen aus Aluminium, Magnesium oder Legierungen auf Aluminium- oder Magnesiumbasis durch Warmverformung - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Gegenständen aus Aluminium, Magnesium oder Legierungen auf Aluminium- oder Magnesiumbasis durch Warmverformung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0001198A1
EP0001198A1 EP78420003A EP78420003A EP0001198A1 EP 0001198 A1 EP0001198 A1 EP 0001198A1 EP 78420003 A EP78420003 A EP 78420003A EP 78420003 A EP78420003 A EP 78420003A EP 0001198 A1 EP0001198 A1 EP 0001198A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermoforming
parts
mold
alumina
manufacturing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP78420003A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0001198B1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Baril
Jean-Yves Gaborieau
Philippe Lheureux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe de Conditionnement en Aluminium SCAL GP SA
Original Assignee
Societe de Conditionnement en Aluminium SCAL GP SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR7727533A external-priority patent/FR2401716A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR7734521A external-priority patent/FR2408403A2/fr
Application filed by Societe de Conditionnement en Aluminium SCAL GP SA filed Critical Societe de Conditionnement en Aluminium SCAL GP SA
Publication of EP0001198A1 publication Critical patent/EP0001198A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0001198B1 publication Critical patent/EP0001198B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
    • B21D26/055—Blanks having super-plastic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S72/00—Metal deforming
    • Y10S72/70—Deforming specified alloys or uncommon metal or bimetallic work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for manufacturing parts made of aluminum or magnesium alloys using the thermoforming technique, that is to say by hot plastic shaping of thin-walled blanks under the effect of a pressurized fluid which applies the blank to the surface of a mold.
  • thermoforming technique is very commonly used in the plastics industry. It consists in carrying a thin-walled blank, most often a bucket or a simple flat sheet, at a high temperature below the melting temperature of the material considered, but sufficient to soften it and ensure it good plasticity. The blank is then given the desired shape by applying it to the surface of a mold by the action of a pressurized fluid. For blanks with a wall that is sufficiently malleable at the forming temperature, it is also possible to use simple atmospheric pressure by creating a vacuum between the blank and the mold form surface.
  • thermoforming technique has been extended to the manufacture of numerous thin-walled parts in special aluminum alloys called superplastic alloys.
  • Numerous patents describe compositions of superplastic aluminum alloys as well as various variants of implementation of the thermoforming process.
  • French patents 2,004,410 - 2,146,847 In this forming mode, the periphery of the metal blank is held in place by clamping between the edges of a two-part mold without being deformed. This tightening seals with the outside. Only the portion of the blank, located opposite the hollow (or raised) part of the mold undergoes plastic deformation by elongation of the metal wall in all directions, without there being any sliding of the periphery. of the blank clamped between the edges of the two-part mold.
  • the forming of the part can be done either by the action of a pressurized fluid exerted on the face of the blank to be deformed in hollow, or by creating a vacuum on the face to be deformed in relief .
  • a pressurized fluid exerted on the face of the blank to be deformed in hollow or by creating a vacuum on the face to be deformed in relief .
  • the vacuum is no longer usable; a relatively high fluid pressure becomes necessary to apply the wall of the blank to the surface of the mold.
  • Thermoforming is said to be positive if a relief mold is used which, when removed near the metal after cooling, is the dimensions of the interior of the part to be manufactured. If, on the contrary, a hollow mold is used which, apart from the withdrawal, is the dimensions of the outside of the part to be manufactured, the thermoforming is qualified as negative.
  • thermoforming process was also usable with blanks in common aluminum alloys such as alloys 2002, 3003, 4047, 7020, 8011, 5754, according to French standard A02 104. interesting results have also been obtained with blanks made of magnesium alloys.
  • the term aluminum generally denotes aluminum itself and common aluminum-based alloys, such as the alloys mentioned above.
  • magnesium designates this metal itself and the magnesium-based alloys.
  • thermoforming process as defined here in its application to common aluminum alloys is different from thermoforming as we know it for superplastic alloys.
  • the molds are brought to a temperature higher than the deformation temperature of the blank, the temperature difference possibly being of the order of 100 ° C.
  • the temperature difference possibly being of the order of 100 ° C.
  • the vacuum can also be used to attract the metal sheet to the mold form surface, this when the thickness of the metal is small.
  • thermoforming poses significant problems of unwinding both for aluminum parts and for those in superplastic alloys. Demoulding must be carried out with great care and generally requires a very long time as described, for example, in the patent French 2,004,410.
  • thermoforming has so far been limited to the manufacture of parts made of superplastic alloys, that is to say to manufacturing in small series at slow production rates of the order of ten pieces per hour per mold.
  • the object of the invention is to solve this release problem and, therefore, to allow the use of the technique of thermoforming for mass production. It allows the use of the process to be extended to the manufacture of aluminum and magnesium parts of common shades, as indicated above.
  • the layer of alumina formed electrolytically is generally anhydrous and porous, which does not present any disadvantage for the desired application.
  • the alumina layer obtained by this route can reach a thickness of several microns.
  • the layer of alumina, called boehmite, formed by chemical means is, in general, monohydrate, hydration being formed at the same time as oxidation. In this case, the oxidation stops quickly and the thickness of the hydrated alumina layer cannot exceed approximately 1 micron.
  • the layer of artificial alumina is anhydrous and porous or whether it is hydrated and compact, it constitutes a homogeneous and regular surface layer adhering to the metal. It prevents aluminum from sticking, at high temperature, to the metal of the mold. It avoids any lubrication before forming as is necessary for stamping. It also avoids any subsequent cleaning or pickling treatment. In addition, the hot formed parts are perfectly aseptic. They are food without other treatment.
  • the alumina layer on the surface of the metal also facilitates the attachment of lacquers, varnishes, plastics or metals which one may wish to apply to the parts obtained. It allows these applications without any other surface treatment.
  • Ancillary machining operations such as trimming, punching swimming, falling edge, can be carried out hot in the mold without addition of lubricant, the layer of alumina avoiding the adhesion between the tool and the metal of the aluminum part.
  • thermoforming machine is part of an integrated manufacturing chain, which may even include the prior oxidation station by anodic or chemical means.
  • the thermoforming machine is not an integral part of a production line. It is very flexible to use for the manufacture of various articles, from pre-surface oxidized preforms in another installation.
  • thermoforming machine can be fed from a metal coil of very variable thickness, from the thin sheet of thickness of the order of 0.10 mm to the sheets of '' thickness of the order of 2 to 3 mm. It can also be fed with blanks previously cut to length in aluminum strips, sheets or sheets.
  • thermoforming tests have shown that a layer of artificial alumina with a thickness of less than 0.10 microns is sufficient to avoid adhesion between the formed part and the mold. It allows rapid demolding and authorizes the use of thermoforming for mass production at high speed.
  • alumina of the order of 0.04 micron to 1 micron are used. Thicker layers could be used, but this would incur additional costs, most of the time unnecessary.
  • a surface layer of magnesia facilitates the release of thermoformed magnesium parts.
  • FIG 1 we see a mold (1) in two parts crossed by a sheet (2) periodically advancing in the direction (F) when the mold (1) is open.
  • This sheet (2) made of aluminum alloy, has a width of 400 mm and a thickness of 0.14 mm.
  • the sheet (2) is coated on both sides with an alumina layer of 0.05 nicron thickness. As indicated above, the formation of this alumina layer on the surface of the sheet (2) can be done by various known methods.
  • the alumina layer is obtained by anodic oxidation in a phosphoric solution according to a well known process.
  • the oxidation installation is shown diagrammatically in (4) in FIG. 2.
  • the sheet (2) coated with its alumina layer is preheated between 470 and 530 ° C depending on the grade of the metal, this in the installation shown schematically in (5) in the figure 2.
  • the flexibility of the installation makes it possible to thermoform sheets of various alloys at temperatures between 450 and 550 ° C.
  • Preheating is provided by electrically heated trays. It could as well be provided by other known means, such as a gas heated or electrically heated oven, induction oven, etc.
  • the mold (1) is brought to a temperature above the forming temperature, that is to say generally about 100 ° C., above the forming temperature, the sheet (2) remaining, for its part, at the forming temperature.
  • the forming temperature is 470 ° C while the mold temperature (1) is adjusted to 580 ° C.
  • the temperature of dissolution of this alloy is chosen as the forming temperature.
  • the thermoforming temperature is 520 ° C.
  • the mold (1) is adjusted to around 620 ° C.
  • the mold (1) shown in FIG. 1 is made of so-called "heat-resistant" steel.
  • the sheet (2) advances step by step in the direction of the arrow F with a step L corresponding to the spacing of the parts (3) and this at a frequency of 10 displacements per minute.
  • the lower part (6) of the mold (1) is mounted on two jacks (7) which allow it to be lowered during the advancement of the sheet (2) in which the parts (3) are printed.
  • Electric resistors (8) make it possible to bring both the lower (6) and upper (9) part of the mold to 580 ° C.
  • air is gradually blown through the orifices (10) above the sheet (2), this until a pressure 0.07 MPa maximum. He applies the aluminum foil (2) to the four-cavity surface of the lower part (6) of the mold, simultaneously forming each tray four pieces (3) in the form of a tray.
  • the dimensions of their rectangular openings are 150 x 135 mm, their depth is 35 mm.
  • the sides are inclined at 30 °.
  • the minimum thickness of the metal in the corners, after thermoforming, is of the order of 0.07 mm.
  • the actual forming time is around 2 seconds.
  • the excess air below the sheet (2) can escape li through the holes (11).
  • the air blown through the orifices (10) is evacuated to the atmosphere and the lower part (6) of the mold is lowered allowing the sheet (2) to advance again by a length L.
  • the surface layer of alumina which was generated on the sheet (2) in the installation (4) before heating, the sheet (2) and the parts (3) do not adhere to the surfaces of the mold (1) for which it is not necessary to switch off the heating.
  • the alumina layer the parts (3) are not damaged during demolding, even on their edges which are clamped between the lower (6) and upper (9) parts of the mold.
  • the parts (3) and their edges are at a temperature of the order of 470 ° C during demolding while the mold (1) is at a temperature of 580 ° C.
  • the total manufacturing time does not exceed 6 seconds, including the times of advance of the sheet, closing and opening of the mold (1).
  • Thin workpieces like these could just as well be formed by a vacuum made under the sheet (2) by the holes (11) as by a pressure applied by the holes (10) at the top.
  • the formed parts (3) can be rapidly cooled, in the case of quenching alloys, by means of air, water or any other fluid, so as to carry out the quenching of the alloy.
  • the formed parts (3) can also be partially cooled at a controlled speed and thus brought to a determined temperature to immediately carry out another operation such as the deposition of a plastic material, a varnish or another metal.
  • the aluminum sheet (2) instead of subjecting, before heating, the aluminum sheet (2) to anodic oxidation with attack by the metal, it can be passed through an aqueous solution of triethanolamine to 100 ° C which forms on the surface of the metal a layer of boehmite with a thickness of the order of 0.05 microns and which can reach, if the residence time is sufficient, 0.5 microns.
  • an aqueous solution of triethanolamine to 100 ° C which forms on the surface of the metal a layer of boehmite with a thickness of the order of 0.05 microns and which can reach, if the residence time is sufficient, 0.5 microns.
  • the alumina layer allows manufacturing by thermoforming at industrial rates without the numerous drawbacks that mold release aids would present.
  • Punches (13) penetrate through the orifices (10 ') of sufficient diameter. They allow the bottom of the parts (3 ') to be pierced before demolding. For this, the lower part (6 ') of the mold has counter punches (14) which can be erased when the punches (13) descend after thermoforming of the parts (3').
  • the punched metal does not adhere to the surface of the tools (13-14).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
EP78420003A 1977-09-05 1978-07-26 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Gegenständen aus Aluminium, Magnesium oder Legierungen auf Aluminium- oder Magnesiumbasis durch Warmverformung Expired EP0001198B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7727533A FR2401716A1 (fr) 1977-09-05 1977-09-05 Procede de thermoformage d'alliages a base d'aluminium ou de magnesium
FR7727533 1977-09-05
FR7734521 1977-11-10
FR7734521A FR2408403A2 (fr) 1977-11-10 1977-11-10 Procede de thermoformage d'alliages a base d'aluminium

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0001198A1 true EP0001198A1 (de) 1979-03-21
EP0001198B1 EP0001198B1 (de) 1980-08-20

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EP78420003A Expired EP0001198B1 (de) 1977-09-05 1978-07-26 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Gegenständen aus Aluminium, Magnesium oder Legierungen auf Aluminium- oder Magnesiumbasis durch Warmverformung

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4250727A (de)
EP (1) EP0001198B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5447859A (de)
AT (1) AT358892B (de)
CA (1) CA1116475A (de)
CH (1) CH627669A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2860234D1 (de)
DK (1) DK385178A (de)
ES (1) ES472930A1 (de)
IT (1) IT1098413B (de)
LU (1) LU80174A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2855170A1 (de) * 1978-12-20 1980-06-26 Schmalbach Lubeca Verfahren zum hydrophilieren von metalloberflaechen und/oder metalloxidoberflaechen
FR2530983B1 (fr) * 1982-07-27 1985-06-14 Cebal Procede de fabrication d'emballages pour produits consommables par thermoformage d'ebauches minces a base d'aluminium
GB2167443B (en) * 1984-11-05 1989-05-17 Bl Tech Ltd A method of fabricating structures from aluminium sheet and structures comprising aluminium components
JPH0191919A (ja) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-11 Kashiwara Kikai Seisakusho:Kk 義歯床の圧印成形装置
EP0388362B1 (de) * 1989-03-16 1995-06-14 Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ag Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer strukturierten Oberfläche auf einem Gegenstand aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung
FR2650219B1 (fr) * 1989-07-06 1991-10-04 Pechiney Rhenalu Procede d'obtention de materiaux multicouches aptes a etre transformes par emboutissage ou emboutissage-etirage en corps creux
US5819572A (en) * 1997-07-22 1998-10-13 General Motors Corporation Lubrication system for hot forming
FR2789187B1 (fr) * 1998-11-19 2001-11-30 Cirtes Ct D Ingenierie De Rech Procede de realisation de pieces mecaniques, en particulier de prototypes, par decomposition en strates, strates elementaires obtenues selon le procede et pieces mecaniques ainsi obtenues
FR2808896B1 (fr) * 2000-05-15 2003-05-09 Cirtes Ct D Ingenierie De Rech Dispositif pour la realisation de plaques destinees a un procede de prototypage rapide, procede d'usinage et d'assemblage desdites plaques et pieces prototypes ainsi obtenues
JP3597186B2 (ja) * 2002-03-04 2004-12-02 住友電工スチールワイヤー株式会社 マグネシウム基合金管及びその製造方法
FR2845492B1 (fr) * 2002-10-07 2004-11-26 Cirtes Src Piece mecanique avec au moins un circuit de transport de fluide et son procede de conception par strates
US6810709B2 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-11-02 General Motors Corporation Heated metal forming tool
ATE385326T1 (de) * 2003-02-06 2008-02-15 Cirtes Src Sa Cooperative D Ue Verfahren zur optimierung der schichtübergänge in einer modellierung oder prototypenfertigung durch eine schichtzergliederung und nach diesem verfahren hergestellte werkstücke
GB0308881D0 (en) * 2003-04-16 2003-05-21 Baker Dominic Method of producing complex forms in metal foils with no environmental impact
US7199334B2 (en) * 2004-11-30 2007-04-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc. Apparatus and method for heating and transferring a workpiece prior to forming
JP4768363B2 (ja) * 2005-08-30 2011-09-07 住友軽金属工業株式会社 アルミニウム合金板の熱間ブロー成形法
CN100448561C (zh) * 2005-11-24 2009-01-07 比亚迪股份有限公司 拉延方法及拉延模具
CN202803878U (zh) * 2011-12-22 2013-03-20 黄启瑞 金属板材的成型***
US9630231B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2017-04-25 Nuvectra Corporation Superplastic forming for titanium implant enclosures
US9981137B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2018-05-29 Nuvectra Corporation Heat dispersion for implantable medical devices
RU2501623C1 (ru) * 2012-04-26 2013-12-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Комсомольское-на-Амуре авиационное производственное объединение имени Ю.А. Гагарина" Устройство для штамповки деталей с электроконтактным нагревом заготовок
CN102896198B (zh) * 2012-09-28 2015-07-08 黄启瑞 金属板材成型装置
CN105983836A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2016-10-05 汉达精密电子(昆山)有限公司 镁合金外观的制作方法及其产品
JP6668006B2 (ja) * 2015-06-19 2020-03-18 東洋アルミニウム株式会社 金属箔の成形方法
WO2019015928A1 (de) 2017-07-21 2019-01-24 Adval Tech Holding Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum umformen von magnesiumblech sowie damit hergestellte bauteile
CN107297412B (zh) * 2017-08-23 2019-11-15 哈尔滨工业大学 热态金属板材快速气压胀形方法

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FR717014A (fr) * 1930-10-18 1931-12-31 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Procédé pour la préparation de surfaces de coussinets, glissières, guides et analogues faites en aluminium ou alliages d'aluminium
GB1251488A (en) * 1970-08-22 1971-10-27 A method of forming sheet or plate material
FR2158536A1 (de) * 1971-11-04 1973-06-15 Isc Alloys Ltd
FR2187450A1 (de) * 1972-06-14 1974-01-18 Isc Alloys Ltd

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Patent Citations (4)

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FR717014A (fr) * 1930-10-18 1931-12-31 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Procédé pour la préparation de surfaces de coussinets, glissières, guides et analogues faites en aluminium ou alliages d'aluminium
GB1251488A (en) * 1970-08-22 1971-10-27 A method of forming sheet or plate material
FR2158536A1 (de) * 1971-11-04 1973-06-15 Isc Alloys Ltd
FR2187450A1 (de) * 1972-06-14 1974-01-18 Isc Alloys Ltd

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Title
LIVRE de, S. Wernick et al: "The surface treatment and finishing of aluminium and its alloys", édition 4, vol. 1, 1972, Robert Draper Ltd., Teddington (GB) pages 34-35 *
MACHINES PRODUCTION, 8 Septembre 1976, Softec, Boulogne, "Formage: un alliage superplastique concurrence sérieusement les alliages légers connus", pages 12-14 *
WERKSTATT UND BETRIEB, vol. 109, nr. 9, September 1976, M}nchen (DE) Carl Hanser Verlag, J.A. WHITTAKER: "Superplastisches Umformen von Aluminium", pages 513-515 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0001198B1 (de) 1980-08-20
IT7827091A0 (it) 1978-08-29
ES472930A1 (es) 1979-02-16
DE2860234D1 (en) 1980-12-04
IT1098413B (it) 1985-09-07
CA1116475A (fr) 1982-01-19
DK385178A (da) 1979-03-06
LU80174A1 (fr) 1979-05-15
CH627669A5 (fr) 1982-01-29
AT358892B (de) 1980-10-10
JPS5650646B2 (de) 1981-11-30
US4250727A (en) 1981-02-17
ATA636178A (de) 1980-02-15
JPS5447859A (en) 1979-04-14

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