CN113141898A - Grafting and replanting method without influencing current-year yield of grapes - Google Patents
Grafting and replanting method without influencing current-year yield of grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113141898A CN113141898A CN202110614643.5A CN202110614643A CN113141898A CN 113141898 A CN113141898 A CN 113141898A CN 202110614643 A CN202110614643 A CN 202110614643A CN 113141898 A CN113141898 A CN 113141898A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting and replanting method without influencing the current annual yield of grapes, which comprises the following steps: a. cultivating latent buds, thoroughly irrigating the whole garden with a special germination accelerating liquid about 15 days before germination in spring, keeping soil in the garden moist and promoting the latent buds to germinate; b. grafting green branches in time after semi-lignification of the branches; c. drawing branches, drawing grafted branches in time, and ensuring the vertical growth of scions; d. cutting off at a high time; e. and (6) reasonably trimming. The method does not influence the current annual yield of the grapes, and the new trees can bear fruits in the second year, so that seamless connection from 'old varieties' to 'new varieties' of the vineyard is completed, and the grafting survival rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grape planting method, in particular to a grafting and replanting method which does not affect the current annual yield of grapes.
Background
Since 2004, the area for planting fresh grapes in China is always the first place in the world. In recent years, with the successful application of the cultivation mode in the southern producing area, the development of the grape industry in China is rapid, and the updating speed of main cultivated varieties in various areas is accelerated. At present, the technology for simply cultivating grape garden in a rain-sheltering way in the south is mainly to fell the original variety to rebuild the garden or to graft and change the variety.
The method is characterized in that old trees need to be dug and removed, the whole garden is disinfected and sterilized, and then good-variety seedlings are planted again, so that the effect is slow, the cost is high, meanwhile, serious diseases and insect pests and the reduction of yield and quality are easily caused by continuous cropping, and therefore, the method is less in use in production.
Grafting and seed changing technologies are common at present. The method is divided into two modes of hard branch grafting and green branch grafting according to the grafting time and the scion. In the hard branch grafting, branches with plump and healthy bud eyes are selected to be used as scions for refrigeration after the branches are pruned in winter in the previous year, and cleft grafting is carried out in spring of the second year after the grape bud branches enter semi-lignification; the green branch grafting is to complete grafting and seed changing in the current year after the stock and the scion new shoot enter semi-lignification. Because of the low survival rate of hard branch grafting, the green branch grafting is more common.
However, the time of the existing green branch grafting has great influence on the growth and yield of the grapes. According to the semi-lignification time of the scion, the method in the prior art is adopted, so that the grafting survival rate is not high in spring; summer grafting is suitable for a short grafting period and is difficult to grasp in practical production application; the grafting survival rate is not high in autumn and winter and the harvest in one year is influenced. In addition, the prior art methods all affect the yield of the current-year grape grafting.
How to overcome the defects in the prior art and find a grafting and seed changing method which does not influence the current annual yield of grapes is a technical problem which is urgently solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grafting and replanting method which does not influence the current annual yield of grapes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the grafting and replanting method which does not affect the current annual yield of the grapes comprises the following steps:
a. cultivating the latent buds, starting to fully irrigate the whole garden with the special bud accelerating liquid and spray the latent buds for 2 times about 15 days before the germination in spring, wherein the interval is 7 days each time, and keeping the soil in the garden moist to promote the germination of the latent buds;
b. grafting green branches in time after half lignification of the crossed branches in spring and summer;
c. drawing branches, drawing grafted branches in time, and ensuring the vertical growth of scions;
d. cutting off at a high time;
e. and (6) reasonably trimming.
The special accelerating germination liquid is prepared from tobacco stems, the tobacco stems are cut into sections and boiled with water, the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the water is 1-2: 50, the tobacco stems and the water are boiled for 10 minutes, and the tobacco stems are cooled to normal temperature.
The special sprouting promoting liquid is prepared from tobacco stems and revolutionary vegetable stems, the tobacco stems and the revolutionary vegetable stems are cut into sections, and water is boiled, wherein the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the revolutionary vegetable stems to the water is 1-2: 50.
And a, after sprouting, selecting and reserving 1-2 strong latent buds close to the base for cultivation, removing redundant latent buds, topping and removing auxiliary tips about 7 leaves, and promoting strong growth and semi-lignification of branches.
The temperature in the step b is preferably 24-28 ℃ in a cloudy day or a sunny day in spring and summer; binding by adopting a scion bud, cutting off leaves quickly after cutting off branches, wrapping by using wet cloth to prevent the branches from dehydrating and immediately preparing for grafting; the high connection position is preferably 20-40cm away from the ground; the internode grafting is preferably selected.
C, drawing the grafted bamboo pole, pinching and culturing a new tip to form a main stem when the new tip grows to be above the first drawn iron wire, remaining two auxiliary tips at the top end and culturing to form horizontal double arms along the direction of the iron wire, and erasing all the other auxiliary tips; pinching when the double arms are about 80cm long to promote the branch to be cured.
D, collecting and harvesting the tree in time after the original summer fruit of the parent tree is mature; the original trunk is cut at a height of about 5-10cm above the grafted branch extraction part, and the part above the high cut is cut off, so that a space is provided for the growth of branches of the grafted new variety.
E, respectively reserving 3-4 auxiliary tips on two arms of the branch to be planted, wherein the distance between the auxiliary tips is about 22 cm; 5-7 leaves are left at the auxiliary tips for pinching, and the fruiting mother branches in the next year are cultured.
2-3 bud short shears are reserved on all auxiliary tips during winter pruning, and about 30 buds are reserved on the whole new tree; erasing all new shoots below the trunk after sprouting in the second year; 2-6 inflorescences are left according to the strength of the trees of the bearing branches extracted from bearing mother branches on the two arms, and redundant inflorescences are removed in time.
By adopting the method, the special bud accelerating liquid is used for fully irrigating the whole garden about 15 days before germination in spring, the germination and growth of the latent buds are promoted, the latent buds grow half lignification in advance, the healthy latent buds can be used as scions, grafting is carried out in spring and summer in advance, the normal growth of the scions can be ensured, the scions can be cut off after the original summer fruits of the parent trees are ripe and harvested, the current annual yield of grapes is not influenced, the new trees can bear fruits in the second year, the seamless butt joint from 'old varieties' to 'new varieties' of the vineyard is finished, the grafting survival rate is high, and the grafting survival rate can reach more than 85%.
One key to the implementation of the method is the use of a specially prepared germination accelerating solution. The special sprouting promoting liquid is prepared by boiling tobacco stems in water, the special sprouting promoting liquid is used for fully watering the whole garden and spraying the latent buds for 2 times about 15 days before sprouting in spring, each time is 7 days apart, so that the latent buds can be promoted to sprout, repeated tests prove that the latent buds treated by the special sprouting promoting liquid can rapidly sprout and grow, and the cross grafting in spring and summer can be ensured. On the basis, the special germination accelerating liquid prepared by boiling the tobacco stems and the revolutionary vegetable stems together with water has better effect and better growth vigor of new shoots, and the grafting time can be advanced by 2 to 3 days (see table I).
TABLE 8 growth of latent buds of purple sweet seedless grapes treated differently
| Treatment of | Number of latent buds | Length of latent bud (cm) | Thickness of latent bud (mm) |
| The germination accelerating liquid is used for 3 times | 10.76±0.90a | 20.43±2.20a | 5.96±0.52a |
| The germination accelerating liquid is used for 2 times | 9.12±0.71ab | 19.12±2.27a | 5.44±0.59a |
| The germination accelerating liquid is used for 1 time | 7.80±0.58b | 15.06±1.49b | 4.90±0.70b |
| Accelerating germination liquid for 2 times | 11.72±0.71a | 21.08±2.27a | 6.68±0.56a |
| Accelerating germination liquid for two times and 1 time | 7.98±0.59b | 16.12±1.40ab | 4.98±0.71ab |
| Clean water | 5.31±1.10c | 14.12±1.81b | 4.96±0.51b |
Note: the data in the table are mean ± sem, with different letters indicating that the difference is significant.
The applicant respectively applies a first germination accelerating liquid prepared by cooking water with tobacco stems and a second germination accelerating liquid prepared by cooking water with tobacco stem revolutionary vegetable stems in 2019, and carries out a latent bud germination growth comparison test: 6 fresh purple sweet seedless grape plantation fields with the same conditions are tested, the areas are about 5 mu, the germination accelerating liquid is applied for 1 time, the germination accelerating liquid is applied for 2 times, the germination accelerating liquid is applied for 3 times, the germination accelerating liquid is applied for 1 time and the germination accelerating liquid is applied for 2 times respectively, and irrigation with clear water is used as a control. And (3) surveying the sprouting condition of the latent buds after sprouting, and surveying the data of the length, the thickness and the like of the sprouting branches after erasing the redundant latent buds for 1 week, wherein the branch length is the distance from the base of the latent buds to the tip tender tips, and the branch thickness is the thickness of the middle parts of the branches.
The results show that: after the first germination accelerating liquid is applied for 2 times and the second germination accelerating liquid is applied for 2 times, the number of the latent buds of the purple sweet seedless grapes, the branch length and the branch thickness are greatly improved compared with other treatments, and the effect is not obviously increased after the first germination accelerating liquid is applied for 3 times; the latent bud can germinate and grow faster by applying the germination accelerating liquid for 2 times.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the defects of the prior art are overcome, the fruiting of the grapes in the current year is not affected, the average germination rate of the grape vines after the second year of the grape vines are improved to 98 percent, and the branching rate is 82 percent; the flowering rate of the saplings is 90 percent, and the average bearing branch rate is 55 percent; the young shoots grow vigorously, the second year of grafting can bear fruits to form partial yield, and the third year can reach the yield level of 1500Kg per mu.
Detailed Description
The grafting and replanting method without influencing the current annual yield of the grapes comprises the following steps:
a. and (3) cultivating the latent buds, thoroughly watering the whole garden by using the special germination accelerating liquid about 15 days before germination in spring, spraying the latent buds for 2 times, wherein the interval is 7 days each time, keeping the soil in the garden moist and promoting the germination of the latent buds. After sprouting, 1-2 strong latent buds close to the base are selected and reserved for cultivation, redundant latent buds are removed, topping and secondary tip removing are carried out on about 7 leaves, and strong growth and semi-lignification of branches are promoted. Spraying special germination accelerating liquid in 2 months and 10-20 days.
The special accelerating germination liquid is made of tobacco stems, the tobacco stems are cut into sections and boiled with water, the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the water is 1-2: 50, the tobacco stems and the water are boiled for 10 minutes, and the tobacco stems are cooled to the normal temperature.
The special sprouting promoting liquid is further improved, and is prepared from tobacco stems and revolutionary vegetable stems, the tobacco stems and the revolutionary vegetable stems are cut into sections, and water is boiled, wherein the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the revolutionary vegetable stems to the water is 1-2: 50. The weight ratio of tobacco stem, revolutionary vegetable stem and water is preferably 1: 50.
b. Grafting green branches, and grafting the branches in time after half lignification of the branches in spring and summer. The temperature is 24-28 deg.C in yin or sunny days in spring and summer. The scion bud is adopted for binding, leaves are quickly cut off after the branches are cut off, the branches are wrapped by wet cloth to prevent dehydration, and grafting is immediately prepared. The high connection position is preferably 20-40cm away from the ground. The internode grafting is preferably selected. Grafting is from the middle of 4 months to the last of 5 months.
And (4) management after connection: after the binding is finished, all the leaves and the auxiliary tips of the grafted graft are removed, the whole garden is watered thoroughly, and the scion sprouting is promoted. When the upper branches are bound, a certain space is reserved, and the illumination and the growth space of the grafted branches are guaranteed. The test is carried out once per week, new tender tips of the grafted branches are removed, and the scions are not alive and are timely grafted again.
c. And (4) drawing the branches, drawing the grafted branches in time, and ensuring the vertical growth of the scions. Pulling the grafted branch with bamboo rod, pinching and culturing the new tip to form a main stem when the new tip grows above the first pulled iron wire, leaving two auxiliary tips at the top end to culture into horizontal double arms along the direction of the iron wire, and erasing all the other auxiliary tips. Pinching when the double arms are about 80cm long to promote the branch to be cured. The grape vine is pulled by bamboo pole to grow vertically, then pulled by iron wire, the first iron wire is used to cultivate two arms, then the secondary tips are cultivated on the two arms to become fruiting mother branch.
d. And (5) timely high-cut. And harvesting the parent trees in time after the original summer fruits of the parent trees are ripe. The original trunk is cut at a height of about 5-10cm above the grafted branch extraction part, and the part above the high cut is cut off, so that a space is provided for the growth of branches of the grafted new variety.
After high cut, fertilizing water can be applied once, 15Kg of balanced compound fertilizer with the weight of 45 percent per mu and 1Kg of zinc fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer respectively can be applied.
e. And (6) reasonably trimming. 3-4 auxiliary tips are respectively reserved on the two arms of the branch for seed changing, and the distance between the auxiliary tips is about 22 cm. 5-7 leaves are left at the auxiliary tips for pinching, and the fruiting mother branches in the next year are cultured. And 2-3 bud short shears are reserved on all auxiliary tips during winter pruning, and about 30 buds are reserved on the whole new tree. After sprouting in the second year, all young shoots below the trunk are removed. 2-6 inflorescences are left according to the strength of the trees of the bearing branches extracted from bearing mother branches on the two arms, and redundant inflorescences are removed in time.
Claims (9)
1. A grafting and replanting method without influencing the current annual yield of grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. cultivating the latent buds, starting to fully irrigate the whole garden with the special bud accelerating liquid and spray the latent buds for 2 times about 15 days before the germination in spring, wherein the interval is 7 days each time, and keeping the soil in the garden moist to promote the germination of the latent buds;
b. grafting green branches in time after half lignification of the crossed branches in spring and summer;
c. drawing branches, drawing grafted branches in time, and ensuring the vertical growth of scions;
d. cutting off at a high time;
e. and (6) reasonably trimming.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the special accelerating germination liquid is prepared from tobacco stems, the tobacco stems are cut into sections and boiled with water, the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the water is 1-2: 50, the tobacco stems and the water are boiled for 10 minutes, and the tobacco stems are cooled to normal temperature.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: the special sprouting promoting liquid is prepared from tobacco stems and revolutionary vegetable stems, the tobacco stems and the revolutionary vegetable stems are cut into sections, and water is boiled, wherein the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the revolutionary vegetable stems to the water is 1-2: 50.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: and a, after sprouting, selecting and reserving 1-2 strong latent buds close to the base for cultivation, removing redundant latent buds, topping and removing auxiliary tips about 7 leaves, and promoting strong growth and semi-lignification of branches.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the temperature in the step b is preferably 24-28 ℃ in a cloudy day or a sunny day in spring and summer; binding by adopting a scion bud, cutting off leaves quickly after cutting off branches, wrapping by using wet cloth to prevent the branches from dehydrating and immediately preparing for grafting; the high connection position is preferably 20-40cm away from the ground; the internode grafting is preferably selected.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: c, drawing the grafted bamboo pole, pinching and culturing a new tip to form a main stem when the new tip grows to be above the first drawn iron wire, remaining two auxiliary tips at the top end and culturing to form horizontal double arms along the direction of the iron wire, and erasing all the other auxiliary tips; pinching when the double arms are about 80cm long to promote the branch to be cured.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: d, collecting and harvesting the tree in time after the original summer fruit of the parent tree is mature; the original trunk is cut at a height of about 5-10cm above the grafted branch extraction part, and the part above the high cut is cut off, so that a space is provided for the growth of branches of the grafted new variety.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: e, respectively reserving 3-4 auxiliary tips on two arms of the branch to be planted, wherein the distance between the auxiliary tips is about 22 cm; 5-7 leaves are left at the auxiliary tips for pinching, and the fruiting mother branches in the next year are cultured.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: 2-3 bud short shears are reserved on all auxiliary tips during winter pruning, and about 30 buds are reserved on the whole new tree; erasing all new shoots below the trunk after sprouting in the second year; 2-6 inflorescences are left according to the strength of the trees of the bearing branches extracted from bearing mother branches on the two arms, and redundant inflorescences are removed in time.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114158412A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-11 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for seamlessly updating grape variety by high-position grafting of main trunk |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114158412A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-11 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for seamlessly updating grape variety by high-position grafting of main trunk |
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| CN113141898B (en) | 2023-10-24 |
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