CN113141898B - Grafting and seed changing method without influencing current year yield of grapes - Google Patents
Grafting and seed changing method without influencing current year yield of grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113141898B CN113141898B CN202110614643.5A CN202110614643A CN113141898B CN 113141898 B CN113141898 B CN 113141898B CN 202110614643 A CN202110614643 A CN 202110614643A CN 113141898 B CN113141898 B CN 113141898B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting and seed changing method which does not affect the current annual yield of grapes, comprising the following steps: a. culturing the latent buds, and fully irrigating the whole garden with special germination accelerating liquid about 15 days before germination in spring, keeping soil in the garden moist, and promoting the germination of the latent buds; b. green branch grafting, and timely grafting after semi-lignification of branches; c. pulling the branches, namely pulling the grafted branches in time, so as to ensure the upright growth of scions; d. timely cutting off the steel pipe; e. and (5) reasonably pruning. The method does not affect the current annual yield of the grape, and fruits can be obtained in the second year of the new tree, so that the seamless butt joint from the old variety to the new variety of the vineyard is finished, and the grafting survival rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grape planting method, in particular to a grafting and seed changing method which does not affect the current annual yield of grapes.
Background
Since 2004, the planting area of fresh grapes in China is always in the first place of the world. In recent years, with the successful application of cultivation modes in south production areas, the grape industry in China develops rapidly, and the updating speed of main cultivated varieties in various places is also accelerated. Currently, the technology for updating the vineyard varieties by simple rain-sheltering cultivation in the south mainly comprises the steps of cutting down original varieties to reconstruct the vineyard or grafting and replacing the varieties.
The new garden is required to excavate old trees and to carry out disinfection and sterilization on the whole garden, and then the seedlings of good varieties are planted again, so that the method has the advantages of slower effect and higher cost, and meanwhile, serious diseases and insect pests and reduced yield and quality are easy to cause due to continuous cropping, so that the method is less used in production.
Grafting and changing techniques are currently common. The grafting time and the grafting scion are different, so that the grafting method is divided into two modes of hard branch grafting and green branch grafting. The hard branch grafting is to select full and healthy branches with buds as scions for cold storage after pruning in winter in the previous year, and split grafting is carried out in spring in the second year after grape bud branches enter semi-lignification; the green branch grafting is to complete grafting and seed changing work in the current year after the stock and scion shoots enter semi-lignification. Because the survival rate of hard branch grafting is low, green branch grafting is more common.
However, the time of existing green branch grafting has a great influence on the growth and yield of grapes. According to the semi-lignification time of the scions, the grafting survival rate in spring is not high by adopting the method in the prior art; the grafting period suitable for summer is short, and is difficult to grasp in practical production application; but the grafting survival rate in autumn and winter is not high and the harvest of one year is affected. In addition, the yield of the grape grafted in the current year can be affected by the methods in the prior art.
How to overcome the defects in the prior art, and to find a grafting and seed changing method which does not affect the current annual yield of grapes, is a technical problem which is urgently solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grafting and seed changing method which does not affect the current annual yield of grapes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the grafting and seed changing method which does not affect the current annual yield of grapes comprises the following steps:
a. culturing the latent buds, fully irrigating the whole garden with special germination accelerating liquid about 15 days before germination in spring, spraying the latent buds for 2 times, keeping soil in the garden moist every 7 days, and promoting germination of the latent buds;
b. green branch grafting, grafting in time after semi-lignification of the crossed branches in spring and summer;
c. pulling the branches, namely pulling the grafted branches in time, so as to ensure the upright growth of scions;
d. timely cutting off the steel pipe;
e. and (5) reasonably pruning.
The special germination accelerating liquid is prepared from tobacco stems, the tobacco stems are cut into sections, water is boiled, the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the water is 1-2:50, the tobacco stems are boiled for 10 minutes, and the tobacco stems are cooled to normal temperature.
The special germination accelerating liquid is prepared from tobacco stems and revolute vegetable stems, the tobacco stems and the revolute vegetable stems are cut into sections to be boiled with water, and the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the revolute vegetable stems to the water is 1-2:1-2:50.
And a, after germination, 1-2 robust latent buds close to the basal part are selected for cultivation, redundant latent buds are erased, topping and sub-tip erasing are carried out on about 7 leaves, and robust growth and semi-lignification of branches are promoted.
The step b is preferably carried out in the cloudy days of spring and summer or in the sunny days when the temperature is 24-28 ℃; binding split grafting exposed buds, cutting off leaves rapidly after cutting off branches, wrapping wet cloth to prevent the branches from dehydrating and immediately preparing for grafting; the height of the high joint position is 20 cm to 40cm away from the ground; internode grafting is preferred.
C, pulling the grafted branches by using bamboo poles, picking and culturing the new shoots to form trunks when the new shoots grow above a first pulling iron wire, reserving two auxiliary shoots at the top and culturing the two auxiliary shoots to form horizontal double arms along the direction of the iron wire, and completely erasing the rest auxiliary shoots; when the length of the double arms is about 80cm, the cores are plucked, and the branches are promoted to be cured.
Step d, harvesting the tree in time after the original summer fruits of the parent tree are ripe; the original trunk is cut at a height of about 5 cm to 10cm above the grafting branch extraction position, and the position above the height is cut off, so that space is reserved for the growth of the branches of the new grafting variety.
E, respectively reserving 3-4 auxiliary tips on the double arms of the seed-changing branches, wherein the interval between the auxiliary tips is about 22cm; and 5-7 leaves are left on the side shoots for picking the heart, and the side shoots are cultured into fruiting parent branches in the next year.
2-3 buds are reserved on all auxiliary shoots when pruning is performed in winter, and about 30 buds are reserved on the whole new tree; after sprouting in the second year, all the young shoots below the trunk are erased; 2-6 inflorescences are reserved on the fruiting branches of the fruiting parent branches on the double arms according to the vigor of the fruiting branches, and the superfluous inflorescences are removed in time.
By adopting the method, the whole garden is fully irrigated by the special germination accelerating liquid about 15 days before germination in spring, the germination and growth of the latent buds are promoted, and the latent buds are promoted to be semi-lignified in advance, so that the healthy growing latent buds can be used as scions, grafting can be carried out in advance in spring and summer handover, normal growth of the scions can be ensured, the harvest of the original summer fruits of the parent tree is high, the current annual yield of grapes is not influenced, the fruits can be harvested in the second year of the new tree, the seamless butt joint from the old variety to the new variety of the vineyard is finished, the grafting survival rate is high, and the grafting survival rate can reach more than 85%.
One key to achieving this method is the use of a tailored germination accelerating fluid. The special germination accelerating liquid is prepared by boiling tobacco stems with water, the special germination accelerating liquid is fully poured and sprayed for 2 times in a whole circle about 15 days before germination in spring, and each time is separated by 7 days, so that the germination of the latent buds can be promoted, and the repeated experiments prove that the latent buds treated by the special germination accelerating liquid can rapidly germinate and grow, and can be ensured to be transplanted in spring and summer. On the basis, the special sprouting liquid prepared by boiling the tobacco stems and the revolute vegetable stems together has better effect, the young shoots grow better, and the grafting time can be advanced by 2-3 days (see Table I).
Table-table of the growth of latent buds of 8 years old purple sweet seedless grapes under different treatments
| Treatment of | Latent bud light extraction quantity | Latent bud branch length (cm) | Latent bud branch thickness (mm) |
| Germination accelerating liquid for 3 times | 10.76±0.90a | 20.43±2.20a | 5.96±0.52a |
| Germination accelerating liquid for 2 times | 9.12±0.71ab | 19.12±2.27a | 5.44±0.59a |
| Germination accelerating liquid for 1 time | 7.80±0.58b | 15.06±1.49b | 4.90±0.70b |
| Accelerating germination liquid for 2 times | 11.72±0.71a | 21.08±2.27a | 6.68±0.56a |
| Accelerating germination liquid for 1 second time | 7.98±0.59b | 16.12±1.40ab | 4.98±0.71ab |
| Clean water | 5.31±1.10c | 14.12±1.81b | 4.96±0.51b |
Note that: the data in the table are mean ± standard error, the different letters indicate that the difference reaches a significant level.
The applicant has carried out a comparative test of germination and growth of latent buds by respectively applying a germination accelerating liquid I prepared by boiling water of tobacco stems and a germination accelerating liquid II prepared by boiling water of vegetable stems of revolution in 2019 2: 6 green purple sweet seedless grape plantations under the same conditions are tested, the area is about 5 mu, the germination accelerating liquid is respectively applied for 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 1 time and 2 times, and the fresh water is used for irrigation as a control. And (3) checking the sprouting condition of the latent bud after sprouting, and checking the data of sprouting length, thickness and the like after erasing the redundant latent bud for 1 week, wherein the length of the branch is the distance from the base of the latent bud to the tender tip of the tip, and the thickness of the branch is the middle thickness of the branch.
The results show that: after the first germination accelerating liquid is applied for 2 times and the germination accelerating liquid is applied for 2 times, the number of the dark purple sweet seedless grape latent buds, the length and the thickness of the branches are greatly improved compared with other treatments, and the effect is not obviously increased after the first germination accelerating liquid is applied for 3 times; the germination accelerating liquid is applied for 2 times, so that the latent buds can germinate and grow faster.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the defects of the prior art are overcome, the effect on the grape fruiting in the current year is avoided, the average germination rate of the grape vines after the second year is improved can reach 98%, and the branching rate is 82%; the flower rate of the sapling is 90%, and the average fruiting branch rate is 55%; the young shoots grow vigorously, partial yield can be formed after grafting for the second year, and the yield per mu can reach the high yield level of 1500Kg in the third year.
Detailed Description
The grafting and seed changing method which does not affect the current annual yield of the grape comprises the following steps:
a. culturing the latent buds, fully irrigating the whole garden with special germination accelerating liquid for 2 times about 15 days before germination in spring, and spraying the latent buds for 7 days each time, keeping soil in the garden moist, and promoting germination of the latent buds. After germination, 1-2 near-basal robust latent buds are selected for cultivation, redundant latent buds are erased, topping and sub-tip erasing are carried out on about 7 leaves, and robust growth and semi-lignification of branches are promoted. The special germination accelerating liquid is sprayed after 2 months and 10-20 days.
The special germination accelerating liquid is prepared from tobacco stems, the tobacco stems are cut into sections, water is boiled, the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the water is 1-2:50, the tobacco stems are boiled for 10 minutes, and the tobacco stems are cooled to normal temperature.
Further improved, the special sprouting liquid is made of tobacco stems and revolute vegetable stems, the tobacco stems and the revolute vegetable stems are cut into sections to be boiled with water, and the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the revolute vegetable stems to the water is 1-2:1-2:50. The weight ratio of the tobacco stems, the revolutionary vegetable stems and the water is preferably 1:1:50.
b. Green branch grafting, and grafting in time after semi-lignification of the branches in spring and summer. The temperature is 24-28deg.C in cloudy or sunny days in spring and summer. The split grafting bud exposing binding is adopted, the leaves are rapidly sheared after the branches are sheared, wet cloth is used for wrapping to prevent the branches from being dehydrated, and grafting is immediately prepared. The height of the upper joint is preferably 20-40cm from the ground. Internode grafting is preferred. Grafting is carried out in the middle of 4 months to the upper of 5 months.
And (5) post-connection management: after the binding is completed, all leaves and auxiliary shoots are removed and grafted, the whole garden is irrigated thoroughly, and scion sprouting is promoted. When the upper branches are bound, a certain space is reserved, and illumination and growth space of grafting are ensured. Checking once a week, erasing grafted grafting, and repairing scions in time when the scions do not survive.
c. And (3) pulling the branches, namely pulling the grafted branches in time, so as to ensure the upright growth of scions. The grafting branch is pulled by a bamboo pole, when the new tip grows to be more than the first pulling iron wire, the new tip is plucked and cultured into a main body, two auxiliary tips at the top end are left to be cultured into horizontal double arms along the iron wire direction, and all the other auxiliary tips are erased. When the length of the double arms is about 80cm, the cores are plucked, and the branches are promoted to be cured. The grape vine is drawn by bamboo poles to grow vertically, then drawn by iron wires, the two arms are cultivated in the first iron wire, and then the auxiliary shoots are cultivated on the two arms to form fruiting parent branches.
d. High cut-off is performed at the right time. Collecting and planting the parent tree in time after the original summer fruits are ripe. The original trunk is cut at a height of about 5 cm to 10cm above the grafting branch extraction position, and the position above the height is cut off, so that space is reserved for the growth of the branches of the new grafting variety.
After the high-cut, fertilizer water can be applied once, 15Kg of 45% balanced compound fertilizer and 1Kg of zinc and magnesium fertilizer can be applied per mu.
e. And (5) reasonably pruning. 3-4 auxiliary tips are respectively reserved on the two arms of the branch, and the distance between the auxiliary tips is about 22 cm. And 5-7 leaves are left on the side shoots for picking the heart, and the side shoots are cultured into fruiting parent branches in the next year. And 2-3 buds are reserved for short pruning of all auxiliary shoots in winter, and about 30 buds are reserved for the whole new tree. And after the sprouting in the second year, all the young shoots below the trunk are erased. 2-6 inflorescences are reserved on the fruiting branches of the fruiting parent branches on the double arms according to the vigor of the fruiting branches, and the superfluous inflorescences are removed in time.
Claims (4)
1. The grafting and seed changing method without influencing the current annual yield of the grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. culturing the latent buds, fully irrigating the whole field with special germination accelerating liquid 15 days before germination in spring and spraying the latent buds for 2 times, wherein each time is 7 days apart, keeping soil in the field moist, and promoting germination of the latent buds;
b. green branch grafting, grafting in time after semi-lignification of the crossed branches in spring and summer;
c. pulling the branches, namely pulling the grafted branches in time, so as to ensure the upright growth of scions;
d. timely harvesting the tree from the mature summer fruits of the parent tree; the height of the original trunk is 5 cm to 10cm above the grafting branch extraction position, the position above the height is cut off, and space is reserved for the growth of the branches of the new grafting variety;
e. reasonably trimming, and respectively reserving 3-4 auxiliary tips on the double arms of the seed-changing branches, wherein the distance between the auxiliary tips is 22cm; 5-7 leaves of the paratip are left for picking the heart, and the paratip is cultivated into fruiting parent branches in the next year;
the special germination accelerating liquid is prepared from tobacco stems, the tobacco stems are cut into sections, water is boiled, the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the water is 1-2:50, the tobacco stems are boiled for 10 minutes, and the tobacco stems are cooled to normal temperature; or the special germination accelerating liquid is prepared from tobacco stems and revolute vegetable stems, the tobacco stems and the revolute vegetable stems are cut into sections and boiled with water, and the weight ratio of the tobacco stems to the revolute vegetable stems to the water is 1-2:1-2:50;
and a step a, after germination, 1-2 robust latent buds close to the basal part are selected for cultivation, redundant latent buds are erased, 7 leaves are topping and side shoots are erased, and robust growth and semi-lignification of branches are promoted.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the step b is preferably carried out in the cloudy days of spring and summer or in the sunny days when the temperature is 24-28 ℃; binding split grafting exposed buds, cutting off leaves rapidly after cutting off branches, wrapping wet cloth to prevent the branches from dehydrating and immediately preparing for grafting; the height of the high joint position is 20 cm to 40cm away from the ground; internode grafting is preferred.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: c, pulling the grafted branches by using bamboo poles, picking and culturing the new shoots to form trunks when the new shoots grow above a first pulling iron wire, reserving two auxiliary shoots at the top and culturing the two auxiliary shoots to form horizontal double arms along the direction of the iron wire, and completely erasing the rest auxiliary shoots; the heart is plucked when the length of the double arms is 80cm, so that the branches are promoted to be cured.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: 2-3 buds are reserved on all auxiliary shoots when pruning is performed in winter, and 30 buds are reserved on the whole new tree; after sprouting in the second year, all the young shoots below the trunk are erased; 2-6 inflorescences are reserved on the fruiting branches of the fruiting parent branches on the double arms according to the vigor of the fruiting branches, and the superfluous inflorescences are removed in time.
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| CN114158412B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-04-21 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for seamlessly updating grape variety by trunk high-position grafting |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| USPP20236P3 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-08-25 | Sheehan Timothy P | Grapevine ‘Sheegene-9’ |
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