CN115380760B - Early-cultivation continuous-year high-yield updating pruning method for sunlight rose grapes - Google Patents
Early-cultivation continuous-year high-yield updating pruning method for sunlight rose grapes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for pruning sunshine rose grapes in a continuous-year high-yield updating mode through early cultivation, and relates to the technical field of grape cultivation. The invention adopts a double-single branch updating and pruning mode, breaks the phenomenon of the size and the year of the sunshine roses in facilities, and can realize the stable and high yield of the premature sunshine roses. The method (1) has simple pruning, integrates the double-branch updating technology and the single-branch updating technology, and is convenient to manage; (2) The preparation branches can be cut off in 5 months, the grape flower buds undergo a complete growth cycle, the flower forming capability is strong, the problem of grape fruiting years in a greenhouse is solved, and stable yield and income increase can be realized; and (3) the fruits are ripe early, and can be marketed in mid-July.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a method for pruning high yield and updating of early-cultivation successive years of sunlight rose grapes.
Background
The 'sunshine rose' is a medium-late ripeness yellow-green grape variety, and is touted by growers and consumers due to the excellent characteristics of strong fragrance, sufficient sweetness, large fruit grain, storage and transportation resistance and the like. Therefore, in order to lengthen the supply period of the sunlight rose grape, realize early marketing and improve economic benefits, greenhouse is often adopted for cultivation in production. However, the sun rose is a medium-late maturing variety, the flower bud differentiation duration is long, the greenhouse film shields part of illumination under the greenhouse condition, and the light environment caused by the light is seriously influenced by the flower bud differentiation of the sun rose; in addition, the conventional fruit pruning is late in maturity, and the time required for flower bud differentiation cannot be ensured by repeated shearing after harvesting, so that the yield in the second year is seriously damaged, the phenomenon of the big year and the small year is serious, and the economic benefit of a grower is directly influenced.
Existing sun rose pruning techniques are generally divided into single-branch updating and double-branch updating. Single branch renewal refers to the fact that fruiting branches can be extracted after annual branches are cut off under the condition that grape vines grow robustly. During the dormant period pruning, the branches with fruiting at the upper part are pruned, and the branches with the base part are left as new fruiting parent branches in the second year. Since no spare branches remain, a greater proportion of fruit branches can be retained in the next year. The grape wine is widely applied to grape production. The double-branch updating means that a fixed fruiting branch group is reserved on a main vine or a side vine every 20-30 cm, two branch phases of fruiting branches and preparation branches are reserved in each branch group, 2 mature branches are selected at the base part of the fruiting branch group, namely the part close to the main vine and the side vine, 2-3 bud short cuts are reserved on the lower side of the fruiting branch group as the preparation branches, and 4-8 bud short cuts are reserved on the upper side of the branches as the fruiting parent branches in the first winter pruning. When winter pruning is carried out in the 2 nd year, branches after head fruiting are thinned out, two branches are selected from the lower prepared branches for the same treatment, the height and the size of the tree crowns can be better controlled by the pruning method with double branches updated, the outward displacement of fruiting parts is avoided, and the fruiting parent branches with better quality are ensured to be obtained each year, so that the tree can keep robust growth and stronger fruiting capacity.
The traditional double-branch updating pruning method can prevent the outer shift of the fruiting part and obtain the fruiting parent branch with better quality compared with a single-branch updating mode, but still cannot guarantee the flower bud differentiation time under the condition of facility cultivation and cannot achieve the effect of high yield in successive years, so that the provision of the stable-yield cultivation method for the sunshine roses is a problem which needs to be solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for pruning the sunshine rose grape by promoting the early cultivation and the high yield and updating of successive years. The method has simple pruning, integrates the double-branch updating technology and the single-branch updating technology, and is convenient to manage; the preparation branches pass through a complete growth period under normal illumination, so that the flowering capacity is strong, the problem of grape fruiting years in a greenhouse is solved, and stable yield and income increase can be realized; the fruits can be marketed in early maturity and mid-July.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for pruning sunshine rose grape by promoting early cultivation and high yield in successive years comprises the following steps:
(1) In the first year, planting sunshine rose seedlings before and after Qingming, planting a vertical trunk on the ground in the current year, and culturing until 50-60 cm for pinching, so as to promote the robust growth of branches; selecting a strong young shoot as a main vine after the trunk is core-picked, horizontally binding the main vine on a bracket along one direction, picking the core after 8-10 buds grow out of the main vine, promoting the young shoot to mature, and reserving a bud on the horizontal main vine at intervals of 20-25 centimeters as a fruiting part;
(2) After the current year leaves, the young shoots which are extracted from the main vines are left with 1-2 buds at the base for shortening, and the young shoots are used as the fruiting parent branches in the next year; breaking dormancy of flower buds by using a dormancy breaking agent at early stage of 11 months, and irrigating and sealing a shed after dormancy breaking, wherein the humidity is kept above 90%, and the flower buds can sprout in the next ten days of 11 months; after germination, 1 robust new tip is left on each fruiting parent branch, and iron wires on two sides are alternately bound, so that fruiting parts are kept at the same horizontal position;
(3) Shaping the tree leaves in the second year while the result of the sun rose, picking the tree leaves from the 5 th leaf when the 6 th to 7 th leaves of the new shoots grow to 2 to 3 centimeters, and removing tendrils; after the new tip is picked, only the top 1 auxiliary tip is left, one leaf of the base part of the rest auxiliary tips is left, then the auxiliary tips are removed, the core is picked again when the top auxiliary tips grow to 5-6 leaves, and then 3 leaves are left for repeated core picking; when each branch grows to 15-17 leaves, all new hair side tips are cut off;
(4) In addition to the young shoots in growing season, 1 strong young shoot is reserved at the base part of the main vine to serve as a preparation branch, and binding is not needed; 5 months, 1 robust bud is reserved on the prepared branch for cutting, so that new branches are extracted; after the fruits are ripe and put down, pruning the main vines in the current year along the base, horizontally binding the new branches which are extracted and generated as the main vines, and updating the double branches; after fallen leaves, 1-2 buds of the young shoots extracted from the main vines are left at the base part for shortening, and single-branch updating is carried out; and managing according to the technology of the first year, and simultaneously leaving a new tip at the base of the main vine to be used as a result of the next year for parent branch cultivation;
(5) Thereafter, the pruning is updated in units of horizontal main vines each year.
The invention adopts a double-single branch updating and pruning mode, breaks the phenomenon of the big and small years, and can realize the successive year high yield of the sunshine roses in facilities. The quality of flower buds depends on the nutrition of the tree body, especially the nutrition of the winter buds at the middle and lower parts of the young shoots. The invention uses the 'double+single' branch to update and trim, can make winter buds pass through a complete growth period under normal illumination in a mode of preparing branches in the previous year of fruiting, accumulate more nutrient substances, and the first pinching node position in the current year of fruiting is low, so that the nutrition accumulation of the winter buds at the middle and lower parts is more, and the flower bud differentiation is facilitated; and 6 months after the fruits are put down, the greenhouse film is uncovered, the illumination is increased, the accumulation amount of photosynthetic products of the leaves is increased, and flower bud differentiation is facilitated. Further obtain robust flower buds and realize high yield in successive years.
Preferably, the sunshine rose seedlings in the step (1) are seedlings or grafted seedlings.
More preferably, the grafted seedlings use the beta grapes as the stock.
Preferably, the sleep breaking agent in the step (2) is cyanamide.
Preferably, the binding in the step (2) is a V-shaped binding.
More preferably, the winter greenhouse of the cultivation method can be heated in advance; the film is uncovered after the fruit is put down, so that the buds can better receive illumination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The pruning is simple, and the double-branch updating and single-branch updating technologies are integrated, so that the management is convenient;
(2) The preparation branches can be cut off in 5 months, the grape flower buds undergo a complete growth cycle, the flower forming capability is strong, the problem of grape fruiting years in a greenhouse is solved, and stable yield and income increase can be realized;
(3) The fruits can be marketed in early maturity and mid-July.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for pruning sunshine rose grapes in order to promote early cultivation and high yield in successive years, and the related methods are conventional methods unless otherwise mentioned and are not described in detail herein.
Example 1
A method for pruning sunshine rose grape by promoting early cultivation and high yield in successive years comprises the following steps:
(1) In the first year, planting sunlight rose seedlings before and after Qingming, planting a vertical trunk on the ground in the current year, and picking the branches after 50-60 cm, so as to promote the healthy and strong growth of the branches; selecting a strong young shoot as a main vine after the trunk is core-picked, horizontally binding the young shoot on a bracket along one direction, picking the core after 8-10 buds grow out of the main vine, promoting the young shoot to mature, and reserving a bud on the horizontal main vine at intervals of 20-25 centimeters as a fruiting part;
(2) After the current year leaves, the young shoots which are extracted from the main vines are left with 1-2 buds at the base for shortening, and the young shoots are used as the fruiting parent branches in the next year; breaking dormancy of flower buds by using a dormancy breaking agent (cyanamide) in the early 11 months, filling water and sealing a shed after dormancy breaking, keeping the humidity above 90%, and sprouting in the late 11 months; after germination, 1 robust new tip is left on each fruiting parent branch, and V-shaped binding is alternately carried out on iron wires at two sides, so that fruiting parts are kept at the same horizontal position;
(3) Shaping the tree leaves in the second year while the result of the sun rose, picking the tree leaves from the 5 th leaf when the 6 th to 7 th leaves of the new shoots grow to 2 to 3 centimeters, and removing tendrils; after the new tip is picked, only the top 1 auxiliary tip is left, one leaf of the base part of the rest auxiliary tips is left, then the auxiliary tips are removed, the core is picked again when the top auxiliary tips grow to 5-6 leaves, and then 3 leaves are left for repeated core picking; when each branch grows to 15-17 leaves, all new hair side tips are cut off;
(4) In addition to the young shoots in growing season, 1 strong young shoot is reserved at the base part of the main vine to serve as a preparation branch, and binding is not needed; 5 months, 1 robust bud is reserved on the prepared branch for cutting, so that new branches are extracted; after the fruits are ripe and put down, the main vines in the current year are cut off along the base, the new branches which are drawn out are horizontally bound to be used as the main vines, double-branch updating is carried out, management is carried out according to the technology of the first year, and a new tip is reserved at the base of the main vines and is used as the fruiting parent branch for culturing in the next year;
(5) Thereafter, the pruning is updated in units of horizontal main vines each year.
The winter greenhouse can be heated in advance by the cultivation method; the film is uncovered after the fruit is put down, so that the buds can better receive illumination.
Example 2
A method for pruning sunshine rose grape by promoting early cultivation and high yield in successive years comprises the following steps:
(1) In the first year, planting sunlight rose grafted seedlings (taking Beda as a stock) before and after Qingming, culturing an upright trunk from the ground in the current year, and culturing until 50-60 cm for pinching so as to promote the robust growth of branches; selecting a strong young shoot as a main vine after the trunk is core-picked, horizontally binding the young shoot on a bracket along one direction, picking the core after 8-10 buds grow out of the main vine, promoting the young shoot to mature, and reserving a bud on the horizontal main vine at intervals of 20-25 centimeters as a fruiting part;
(2) After the current year leaves, the young shoots which are extracted from the main vines are left with 1-2 buds at the base for shortening, and the young shoots are used as the fruiting parent branches in the next year; breaking dormancy of flower buds by using a dormancy breaking agent (cyanamide) in the early 11 months, filling water and sealing a shed after dormancy breaking, keeping the humidity above 90%, and sprouting in the late 11 months; after germination, 1 robust new tip is left on each fruiting parent branch, and V-shaped binding is alternately carried out on iron wires at two sides, so that fruiting parts are kept at the same horizontal position;
(3) Shaping the tree leaves in the second year while the result of the sun rose, picking the tree leaves from the 5 th leaf when the 6 th to 7 th leaves of the new shoots grow to 2 to 3 centimeters, and removing tendrils; after the new tip is picked, only the top 1 auxiliary tip is left, one leaf of the base part of the rest auxiliary tips is left, then the auxiliary tips are removed, the core is picked again when the top auxiliary tips grow to 5-6 leaves, and then 3 leaves are left for repeated core picking; when each branch grows to 15-17 leaves, all new hair side tips are cut off;
(4) In addition to the young shoots in growing season, 1 strong young shoot is reserved at the base part of the main vine to serve as a preparation branch, and binding is not needed; 5 months, 1 robust bud is reserved on the prepared branch for cutting, so that new branches are extracted; after the fruits are ripe and put down, the main vines in the current year are cut off along the base, the new branches which are drawn out are horizontally bound to be used as the main vines, double-branch updating is carried out, management is carried out according to the technology of the first year, and a new tip is reserved at the base of the main vines and is used as the fruiting parent branch for culturing in the next year;
(5) Thereafter, the pruning is updated in units of horizontal main vines each year.
The winter greenhouse can be heated in advance by the cultivation method; the film is uncovered after the fruit is put down, so that the buds can better receive illumination.
Comparative example 1
Double-branch updating pruning mode
First year: grafting seedling (Beda is used as stock) is selected to perform field planting before and after Qingming, a vertical trunk is cultivated from the ground in the same year after transplanting, and the core is plucked when the cultivation is carried out until 50-60 cm, so that the robust growth of branches is promoted. After picking the core, 1 strong young shoot is selected as a main vine, and the main vine is horizontally bound along one direction, 8-10 buds are reserved for picking the core, so that the young shoot is promoted to mature. One fruiting part is reserved on the horizontal main vines every 20-25 cm. After defoliation, the young shoots extracted from the main vines are left with 1-2 buds at the base for cutting, and the young shoots are used as the female branches for the next year.
The second year: and (3) reserving a fixed fruiting branch group on the main vines every 20-30 cm, reserving two branch phases of fruiting branches and preparation branches in each branch group, selecting 2 mature branches at the base part of the fruiting branch group, namely the part close to the main vines and the side vines, reserving 2-3 bud short cuts on the lower branch to serve as preparation branches, and reserving 4-8 bud short cuts on the upper branch to serve as fruiting parent branches when winter pruning is performed.
Third year: when winter is cut, the branches after head fruiting are thinned, two branches are selected from the lower preparation branches for the same treatment, the outer shift of fruiting parts is avoided, and the mother branches with better quality are ensured to be obtained annually, so that the tree can keep strong growth and stronger fruiting capacity.
Comparative example 2
Single branch updating and pruning mode
First year: grafting seedling (Beda is used as stock) is selected to perform field planting before and after Qingming, a vertical trunk is cultivated from the ground in the same year after transplanting, and the core is plucked when the cultivation is carried out until 50-60 cm, so that the robust growth of branches is promoted. After picking the core, 1 strong young shoot is selected as a main vine, and the main vine is horizontally bound along one direction, 8-10 buds are reserved for picking the core, so that the young shoot is promoted to mature. One fruiting part is reserved on the horizontal main vines every 20-25 cm. After defoliation, the young shoots extracted from the main vines are left with 2-3 buds at the base for cutting, and the young shoots are used as the female branches for the next year.
The second year: and (3) cutting off 2-3 buds of the fruiting parent branches after fruiting in winter, and selecting and reserving 1-2 fruiting branches from the germinated new shoots in the second year.
Third year: the pruning is repeated every year, the bearing branch group is fixed, the bearing part is not moved outwards, and the tree vigor is stable.
Effect contrast:
The results of statistics on the yields and time to market of example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2 are shown in table 1;
Table 1: yield and time to market
The results in Table 1 show that the basic results of conventional pruning for the second year are difficult and the yield is greatly reduced compared with the results in examples 1-2 under the condition of the facility cultivation in comparative example 2; in the method of the comparative example 1, the bud differentiation time is short after winter pruning, so that the stable yield in the second year can not be ensured, and the yield is obviously reduced; meanwhile, the two operations cannot achieve the effect of promoting early cultivation, and the grape maturity period is relatively late; the technical scheme of the invention can ensure stable and high yield and greatly advance the time to market.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The method for pruning the sunlight rose grape by promoting early cultivation and high yield in successive years is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) In the first year, planting sunshine rose seedlings before and after Qingming, planting a vertical trunk on the ground in the current year, and culturing until 50-60 cm for pinching, so as to promote the robust growth of branches; selecting a strong young shoot as a main vine after the trunk is core-picked, horizontally binding the main vine on a bracket along one direction, picking the core after 8-10 buds grow out of the main vine, promoting the young shoot to mature, and reserving a bud on the horizontal main vine at intervals of 20-25 centimeters as a fruiting part;
(2) After the current year leaves, the young shoots which are extracted from the main vines are left with 1-2 buds at the base for shortening, and the young shoots are used as the fruiting parent branches in the next year; breaking dormancy of flower buds by using a dormancy breaking agent at early stage of 11 months, and irrigating and sealing a shed after dormancy breaking, wherein the humidity is kept above 90%, and the flower buds can sprout in the next ten days of 11 months; after germination, 1 robust new tip is left on each fruiting parent branch, and iron wires on two sides are alternately bound, so that fruiting parts are kept at the same horizontal position;
(3) Shaping the tree leaves in the second year while the result of the sun rose, picking the tree leaves from the 5 th leaf when the 6 th to 7 th leaves of the new shoots grow to 2 to 3 centimeters, and removing tendrils; after the new tip is picked, only the top 1 auxiliary tip is left, one leaf of the base part of the rest auxiliary tips is left, then the auxiliary tips are removed, the core is picked again when the top auxiliary tips grow to 5-6 leaves, and then 3 leaves are left for repeated core picking; when each branch grows to 15-17 leaves, all new hair side tips are cut off;
(4) In addition to the young shoots in growing season, 1 strong young shoot is reserved at the base part of the main vine to serve as a preparation branch, and binding is not needed; 5 months, 1 robust bud is reserved on the prepared branch for cutting, so that new branches are extracted; after the fruits are ripe and put down, pruning the main vines in the current year along the base, horizontally binding the new branches which are extracted and generated as the main vines, and updating the double branches; after fallen leaves, 1-2 buds of the young shoots extracted from the main vines are left at the base part for shortening, and single-branch updating is carried out; and managing according to the technology of the first year, and simultaneously leaving a new tip at the base of the main vine to be used as a result of the next year for parent branch cultivation;
(5) Thereafter, the pruning is updated in units of horizontal main vines each year.
2. The method for pruning early-cultivation successive-year high-yield updating of sunlight rose grapes according to claim 1, wherein the sunlight rose seedlings in the step (1) are seedlings or grafted seedlings.
3. The method for pruning early-cultivation successive-year high-yield updating of sunlight rose grapes according to claim 2, wherein the grafted seedlings take the beta grapes as stocks.
4. The method for pruning early-cultivation, successive years and high yield of sunlight rose grapes according to claim 1, wherein the dormancy breaking agent in the step (2) is cyanamide.
5. The method for pruning early-cultivation successive year high yield update of sunlight rose grapes according to claim 1, wherein the binding in the step (2) is a V-shaped binding.
6. The method for pruning high yield and updating in successive years by sunlight rose grape early cultivation according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the cultivation method adopts a winter greenhouse and can raise the temperature in advance; the film is uncovered after the fruit is put down, so that the buds can better receive illumination.
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| 阳光玫瑰葡萄设施促早栽培技术;郑秋玲等;《烟台果树》(2017年第3期);第38-40页 * |
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