CN111713284A - Method for pre-maturing Korean pine - Google Patents

Method for pre-maturing Korean pine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111713284A
CN111713284A CN202010720603.4A CN202010720603A CN111713284A CN 111713284 A CN111713284 A CN 111713284A CN 202010720603 A CN202010720603 A CN 202010720603A CN 111713284 A CN111713284 A CN 111713284A
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China
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grafting
korean pine
scion
stock
pinus sylvestris
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CN202010720603.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张东来
张玲
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FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
HEILONGJIANG ACADEMY OF FORESTRY
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FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
HEILONGJIANG ACADEMY OF FORESTRY
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Priority to CN202010720603.4A priority Critical patent/CN111713284A/en
Publication of CN111713284A publication Critical patent/CN111713284A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Korean pine grafting, and discloses a method for pre-fructification of Korean pine. The scion of the Korean pine is grafted on a stock of the Pinus sylvestris with the age of 10-30 years, so that the current-year or second-year fructification of the Korean pine is realized, and the fructification time is greatly advanced compared with the same stock grafting of the Korean pine or the juvenile different stock grafting of the Korean pine and the Pinus sylvestris. The Korean pine is grafted by different stocks of high branches, multiple heads and high ages, so that the grafting survival rate is high, the cost is low, the effect is fast, the economic benefit is good, and the phenomenon of apology is avoided.

Description

Method for pre-maturing Korean pine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Korean pine grafting, in particular to a method for enabling Korean pine to fruit in advance.
Background
The Korean pine is the most promising economic forest tree species for fruits in alpine regions, has excellent wood material and is a high-grade material for buildings, decorations and furniture manufacture; the seeds can be eaten and can be exported, and the economic value is very high. At present, the number of natural Korean pine forests is limited, only a small part of Korean pine artificial forests just enter a maturing period, a small amount of Korean pine seed maturing begins, and the yield of Korean pine seeds is reduced year by year. The demand of the domestic and foreign markets for the Korean pine seeds is increasing day by day, and the price is continuously rising. The annual demand of the Korean pine is huge, the yield of the Korean pine nuts can only meet about 40% of the market demand, the supply is insufficient, and the market space is huge. Abundant land resources are fully utilized to develop the Korean pine nut forest, which is a necessary way for solving the contradiction between supply and demand.
Because the red pine is late in maturing age, the red pine can bear fruits in advance and take effect in advance through artificial grafting, so that good economic benefit is obtained. The Korean pine same-stock grafting technology is a vegetative propagation method which takes Korean pine as a stock and selects excellent Korean pine stock tree with more fruit to pick scions for artificial grafting. The compatibility problem of the scion and the stock does not exist in the Korean pine same stock grafting, and the survival rate is higher. However, the requirement on the conditions of the Korean pine on the ground is high, the number of excellent seedlings is small, the cost for grafting the Korean pine on the Korean pine is high, the problem that the growth rate of the Korean pine is low after the Korean pine is grafted on the same stock cannot be solved, the effect of improving the fruiting effect of the Korean pine by grafting on the same stock is limited, and the fruiting time is still late. The different stock grafting of Korean pine is the research field developing rapidly at present. Different stocks can lead the survival rate of grafting and the growth effect of grafted seedlings to have larger difference in the grafting process. At present, the different-stock grafting of the Korean pine is only limited to the observation and record of general rules and the research of conventional cultivation techniques, for example, the influence of the different-stock grafting on physiological indexes such as net photosynthetic rate, water utilization efficiency and the like of the Korean pine grafted seedling lacks of systematic research on a plurality of deep problems, so that the generation reason and the generation process are not clear in the improvement direction and the effect of the Korean pine grafting. The method can shorten the fruiting time of the grafted Korean pine seedling to the maximum extent and improve the economic benefit, and still has the problems to be faced at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for maturing Korean pine in advance aiming at the problems of slow growth and late maturing time of the Korean pine at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for pre-fructification of pinus koraiensis, which is characterized in that a pinus koraiensis scion is grafted on a pinus sylvestris stock, and the tree age of the pinus sylvestris is 10-30 years.
Preferably, at least 4 grafting points are grafted on each stock of the pinus sylvestris.
Preferably, the treatment mode of the rootstock comprises the following steps: cutting off the first round of horizontal branches at a position of 30-50 cm, and leaving 2-3 rounds of branches for one year and preparing for grafting in the second year.
Preferably, the scion is an annual branch at the middle upper part of the periphery of the Korean pine excellent mother tree.
Further preferably, the diameter of the scion of the present invention is greater than 0.8 cm.
Furthermore, the length of the scion is 10cm-15 cm.
Preferably, the scion is collected in the hibernation period of the tree.
Further, the scions were collected in the early and middle 12 months of the year.
Preferably, the grafting time is from middle and last ten days of 5 months to middle and last ten days of 6 months.
Preferably, the grafting method adopts a grafting method of a medullary heart forming layer.
Preferably, the bound plastic strips are removed 3-5 months after grafting, and terminal buds higher than the main branches and partial side branches of the rootstocks are cut off.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the Korean pine scion is grafted on the Pinus sylvestris stock with the age of 10-30 years, so that the technical problem of long fruiting time of Korean pine is solved. The young forest of the grafted pinus sylvestris is fruited for 4 to 7 years, and the 7 to 12 years enter the full bearing period, but the method of the invention is adopted to realize the fruition of the pinus sylvestris in the current year or the second year;
2. according to the invention, the high-age pinus sylvestris is used as the stock, the compatibility of different stock grafting is good, the supply of nutrients can be ensured, the grafting survival rate in the current year can reach more than 98%, and the grafting survival rate is high;
3. the invention takes the pinus sylvestris as the stock, has strong adaptability and high growth rate, and solves the problems of adaptability and growth rate of the pinus sylvestris under the condition of no field. The pinus sylvestris is transformed into pinus koraiensis nut forest by wood forest, and has the advantages of low cost, quick response, good economic benefit and strong practicability.
4. According to the invention, the Korean pine is grafted by adopting a high branch, multi-head and old different stock, the old pinus sylvestris can provide nutrient supply for the Korean pine, the nutrient requirement of the Korean pine is ensured, and under the condition of successful grafting, the grafted seedling grows rapidly, the bearing is early, the bearing quantity is large, the quality is good, and the phenomenon of apology is absent.
Detailed Description
Based on the conditions that the yield of the Korean pine nuts is short of demand, the planting growth rate of the Korean pine is slow, the fruiting time is late, and the cultivation time is long at present, the invention provides a method for quickly and previously maturing the Korean pine. According to the invention, the Korean pine scion is grafted on the Pinus sylvestris stock with the age of 10-30 years, so that the current-year or second-year fructification of the Korean pine is realized. Compared with the grafted pinus sylvestris young forest which is fruited for 4 to 7 years, the fruitage period of 7 to 12 years is entered, the fruitage of the pinus sylvestris is greatly accelerated, and the economic benefit is presented in advance.
The selection of the rootstock is a key factor influencing the grafting survival rate and the growth condition. The invention takes the pinus sylvestris as the grafting stock, has good grafting compatibility with the pinus koraiensis, and is close to the survival rate of the same-stock grafting of the pinus koraiensis. The Korean pine has high requirement on the ground conditions, the growth rate is slow, and the excellent seedlings of the Korean pine are few, so that the cost of the same stock grafting of the Korean pine is high, and the effect is not obvious. The pinus sylvestris has strong adaptability to poor growing environment, has the advantages of cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance, disease and insect pest resistance and the like, is wind and sand resistant, is easy to propagate, has low seedling and forestation cost, and can grow rapidly. However, the grafted Korean pine still needs 4-7 years for fructification. The invention adopts the old pinus sylvestris as the stock, the root system of the old pinus sylvestris is developed, the water and the nutrient content in the soil can be fully absorbed, the drought resistance and the cold resistance of the pinus sylvestris are enhanced, the growth is rapid, the trunk is straight, thereby realizing faster seed setting, bearing the fruit in the current year or the second year and greatly accelerating the seed setting efficiency of the pinus sylvestris.
The method for cultivating the pinus sylvestris stocks is not specially limited, seedlings or nursery gardens can be cultivated in mountain-climbing forestation areas, and the conventional cultivation method in the field can be adopted. The invention selects the old pinus sylvestris with 10-30 years old stock in grafting, has developed root system, strong and strong branches and stems, high Qiujin, strong resistance and good physiological development state, and is suitable for being used as the grafting stock. When the pinus sylvestris with the age of more than 30 years is used as a stock, due to the age of the stock, the trunk of the pinus sylvestris is damaged by the truncation treatment, so that the photosynthesis, the nutrition supply and absorption are influenced, the pinus sylvestris is dead, and the grafting is failed. In a preferred embodiment, the age of the pinus sylvestris as the rootstock is preferably 12 to 28 years, and more preferably 20 to 25 years.
The invention takes the old pinus sylvestris as the rootstock, and as a preferred embodiment, the treatment mode of the rootstock comprises the following steps: cutting off the pinus sylvestris at a position of 30-50 cm away from the first round of horizontal branches, reserving 2-3 rounds of branches for growing for one year, and preparing for grafting in the second year. If the fruit tree is high, the bark of the central leader branch is thick, and poor matching between the scion and the stock is easy to cause low grafting survival rate, the method is preferably used for grafting at the 1-3-round branch positions.
The scion mother tree aims at improving the yield and the quality of nuts, the good variety of the scion mother tree is one of important conditions for ensuring the high yield and the stable yield of the Korean pine fruit forest, and the good clone which has more fruits and good quality and is identified by the variety is preferably adopted as the scion mother tree. The phenotypic characteristics of the excellent clone should have the characteristics of high and stable yield, wide crown, long and few cones, high pollen yield and good quality, the thickness of the seed layer accounts for 3/4 of the height of the tree, the seed is more, and the seed is grown every year. According to the method, good parent trees which are healthy in growth and free of diseases and insect pests are screened according to the tree height, the breast diameter, the height under branches, the seed setting marks and the fruiting quantity.
The scion collection is preferably carried out in the hibernation period of the Korean pine, the tree stops growing in the hibernation period, the sap stops flowing, and the scion is collected and stored in the hibernation period, so that the grafting survival rate can be improved. The invention preferably collects the scions of Korean pine in the middle ten days and in 12 months each year.
The scion picking part is preferably annual branches at the middle upper part of the periphery of a superior tree, and the branches at the part grow robustly and are suitable for serving as scions. The diameter of the scion branch is preferably larger than 0.8cm, more preferably larger than 1 cm; the length of the scion branch is preferably 10cm to 15cm, more preferably 12 cm to 14 cm.
The invention adopts a conventional storage method for the collected scions, and the storage time of the scions is short. The storage temperature is kept at 0-5 ℃, and the ear strips are preferably stored in an ice cellar and covered by a plastic or straw curtain to achieve the purposes of moisture preservation and fresh keeping.
The grafting time of the invention can be in spring, summer and autumn. Grafting is generally carried out when sap flows in spring. If the grafting time is too early, the callus is formed late, and the survival rate is low; the grafting time is too late, and the new grafted in autumn is easy to be frozen. According to the invention, the preferable grafting time is from middle and last of 5 months to middle and last of 6 months.
The grafting method of Korean pine and Pinus sylvestris of the present invention may be any one of grafting methods such as heart cambium grafting, cleft grafting, tongue grafting and brachypodium grafting. The specific operation mode of each grafting method is the conventional operation mode in the field. The grafting is preferably carried out by adopting a grafting method of the medullary heart cambium to improve the grafting survival rate. The diameter of the scion is more than 0.8cm, the length of the scion is longer than 10cm, and the grafting part is the top end of the central leader and the upper end of the 1 st to 3 rd round branches. The rootstocks and the scions are selected to have the same thickness as much as possible, and each rootstock is grafted with at least 4 grafting points so as to improve the Korean pine fruiting amount. Immediately after grafting, a breathable plastic strip should be sleeved to preserve moisture.
Conventional post-grafting management methods can be used in the present invention. As a practical mode, the bound plastic strips are removed after 3-5 months after grafting, otherwise the growth of grafting wounds is influenced, and terminal buds higher than the main branches and part of lateral branches of the rootstocks are cut off. The grafted joint has no seam trace and no sap flow.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
In 2013, the interior Mongolia Chifeng forest farm adopts 15-year old camphor trees as stocks to graft Korean pine.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. rootstock selection
1) Selecting the rootstock: pinus sylvestris, age 15 years old.
2) Treating the rootstock: cutting off the first round of horizontal branches at a position of 45cm, leaving 2 rounds of branches, growing for one year, and preparing for grafting from 5 middle to 6 last days in the second year.
2. Scion selection
1) Selecting a superior tree: the method aims at improving the yield and quality of nuts, and good mother trees which grow healthily and do not have diseases and insect pests are screened according to the tree height, the breast diameter, the height under branches, the positions of grafting points, the fructification marks and the fructification quantity.
2) Collecting and storing scions:
collecting time of scions: the scions are collected after the trees stop growing in the early 12 months and the middle ten days.
And (3) scion collection standard: collecting annual branches at the middle upper part of the periphery of the superior tree, wherein the diameter is more than 1cm, and the length is 10cm-15 cm.
And (3) storage of the scions: storing the scion strips in an ice cellar, and covering the scion strips with plastic or straw curtains.
3. Grafting method
1) Grafting time and method: the grafting time is from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the middle and last ten days of 6 months, and the grafting method adopts the attaching method of the medullary cambium to graft. The rootstock and the scion are selected to be as thick as possible, and at least 4 grafting points are grafted on one tree.
4. Post-grafting management
And removing the bound plastic strips after 3-5 months after grafting, otherwise, influencing the growth of grafting wounds, and cutting off terminal buds of main branches and partial side branches higher than the stock to perform tree vigor management.
The grafting area is 300 hectare, the survival rate is 98%, the first year is short of fructification, 1-2 turtles are fructified in individual trees, the second year is increased of fructification, and the full bearing period is reached in 7-13 years.
Example 2
In 2016, a ziqi haar forest farm in Heilongjiang province, namely, Pinus sylvestris of 20 years old is adopted as a stock, and the excellent scion of the Pinus koraiensis is grafted. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. rootstock selection
1) Selecting the rootstock: pinus sylvestris, age 20 years old.
2) Treating the rootstock: cutting off the first round of horizontal branches at a position 35cm away from the first round of horizontal branches, leaving 3 rounds of branches, growing for one year, and preparing for grafting from 5 middle days to 6 last days of the second year.
2. Scion selection
1) Selecting a superior tree: aiming at improving the yield and quality of nuts, and screening good mother trees which are healthy in growth and free of diseases and insect pests according to the tree height, the breast diameter, the height under branches, the fructification marks and the fructification quantity;
2) collecting and storing scions:
collecting time of scions: the scions are collected after the trees stop growing in the early 12 months and the middle ten days.
And (3) scion collection standard: collecting annual branches at the middle upper part of the periphery of the superior tree, wherein the diameter is more than 0.8cm, and the length is 10cm-15 cm.
And (3) storage of the scions: storing the scion strips in an ice cellar, and covering the scion strips with plastic or straw curtains.
3. Grafting method
1) Grafting time and method: the grafting time is from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the middle and last ten days of 6 months, and the grafting method adopts the attaching method of the medullary cambium to graft. The rootstock and the scion are selected to be as thick as possible, and at least 4 grafting points are grafted on one tree.
4. Post-grafting management
And removing the bound plastic strips after 3-5 months after grafting, otherwise, influencing the growth of grafting wounds, and cutting off terminal buds of main branches and partial side branches higher than the stock to perform tree vigor management.
The grafting area is 150 hectares, the survival rate is 99 percent, and the fruit setting is started in 2018.
Comparative example 1
By using3-5Taking the old red pine as a stock, and carrying out young homostock grafting on the red pine. The other operation was the same as in example 1. The survival rate is 85-90%. After the grafting is successful, fruits begin to appear in 5-8 years, and the fruit stage is reached in more than 10-15 years.
Comparative example 2
Taking 3-6 years old pinus sylvestris as a stock to carry out Korean pine-pinus sylvestris young heterostock grafting. The other operation was the same as in example 1. The survival rate is 85-90%. After the grafting is successful, the fruit begins to appear in 4-7 years, and the fruit enters the full fruit period in 8-12 years.
Comparing the fruiting amount of Korean pine in different grafting modes
Age of grafted forest Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Example 1
1 year 0 0 0-2
2 years old 0 0 2-4
For 3 years 0 0 4-8
4 years old 0 1-2 8-10
5 years old 2-4 4-6 16-20
13 years old 15-20 18-20 30-35
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for pre-fructification of Korean pine comprises the step of grafting Korean pine scions on pinus sylvestris stocks, and is characterized in that the tree age of pinus sylvestris is 10-30 years.
2. The method for pre-fructification of pinus sylvestris according to claim 1, wherein the pinus sylvestris is grafted with at least 4 grafting points per rootstock.
3. The method for premature setting of Korean pine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stock is treated in a manner comprising: cutting off the first round of horizontal branches at a position of 30-50 cm, and leaving 2-3 rounds of branches for one year and preparing for grafting in the second year.
4. The method for premature fruiting of Korean pine according to claim 1, wherein the scion is the middle-upper annual branch of the periphery of the good mother tree of Korean pine.
5. The method for premature red pine fruiting according to claim 3 wherein the scion has a diameter greater than 0.8 cm.
6. The method for premature fruiting of Korean pine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the length of the scion is 10cm-15 cm.
7. The method for early maturing of Korean pine according to any one of claims 1 or 3 to 5, wherein the scion is harvested at 12 months and in the middle of each year.
8. The method for early fruiting of Korean pine according to claim 1, wherein the grafting time is from middle and last of 5 months to middle and last of 6 months.
9. The method for early fruiting of Korean pine according to claim 1, wherein the grafting method adopts a pith cambium grafting method.
10. The method for early fruiting of Korean pine according to claim 1, wherein the bandaged plastic strip is removed 3-5 months after grafting, and the terminal buds of the main branch and part of the lateral branch higher than the stock are cut off.
CN202010720603.4A 2020-07-24 2020-07-24 Method for pre-maturing Korean pine Pending CN111713284A (en)

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CN112136533A (en) * 2020-10-21 2020-12-29 内蒙古国华园林绿化有限责任公司 Method for grafting Korean pine by taking pinus sylvestris as rootstock

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WO2018072046A1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 Instituto Forestal Method for side grafting pinyon pine (pinus pinea) on radiata pine (pinus radiata) stock or on the same species (p. pinea), which allows individual engraftments to be increased

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