CN109673289A - A method of improving masson pine grafting efficiency - Google Patents
A method of improving masson pine grafting efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN109673289A CN109673289A CN201811621470.4A CN201811621470A CN109673289A CN 109673289 A CN109673289 A CN 109673289A CN 201811621470 A CN201811621470 A CN 201811621470A CN 109673289 A CN109673289 A CN 109673289A
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- fringe bar
- masson pine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural technical field of cultivation, disclose a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency, including stock cultivation, fringe bar cultivation, fringe bar interception, grafting and growth management step, when the fringe bar is cultivated, the raw choiceness masson pine plant of 5-25 is chosen as fringe bar and cultivates maternal plant, maternal plant is cultivated to fringe bar and carries out truncation trimming, the young sprout that is formed is as fringe bar after being sprouted using needle base resting bud.The present invention is able to solve current masson pine grafting period length, low efficiency, be easy to cause the problems such as pollution.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to agricultural technical field of cultivation more particularly to a kind of methods for improving masson pine grafting efficiency.
Background technique
Masson pine (Pinus massoniana), Pinaceae, Pinus, double vascular bundle pine subgenus, light like warm and moist gas
It waits, deep-rootedness tree species are drought-resistant barren, adaptable, growth is fast, are vanguard tree seed and the south China of green barren hill
The main afforestation commerical tree species in area.17 provinces and cities being distributed widely on the south China Qinling Mountains, the 18% of Zhan Quanguo artificial forest area,
Account for the 30~40% of southern artificial forest area, wherein Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangdong
It is main producing region with 10, Guangxi provinces and cities, is widely used in pulping and paper-making, building, rosin, dietotherapy etc., supports that China is numerous to make
The development of the industries such as paper, timber processing, forest chemical.
Resting bud refers to not to be sprouted in vegetation season, keeps the inactive bud of dormant state, also referred to as resting bud or hidden
Bud.Folium Pini is one and extremely shortens branch, and the resting bud at needle-leaved bundle base portion center can be developed under certain condition, be given birth to
Length forms new branch.This power of regeneration is very strong, by way of truncation, can stimulate the sprouting of needle base resting bud;Pass through
The processing such as exogenous hormone, plant coppice shoot quantity and quality have been greatly improved, and can cultivate a large amount of healthy and strong fringe bar for skewer
It inserts or graft seedling growth uses.
The vegetative propagation of masson pine at present mainly uses grafting method, but grafts and generally only carry out in spring, and 1 year only
It can graft once, grafting efficiency is low, the period is long, and spring rainwater is frequent, easily causes wound contamination, influences survival rate, serious to make
The about progress of masson pine artificial culture.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to solve current masson pine grafting period length, low efficiency, be easy to cause pollution
The problems such as, provide a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by following technological means:
A method of raising masson pine grafting efficiency, including stock cultivation, fringe bar cultivation, fringe bar interception, grafting and life
Long management process when the fringe bar is cultivated, chooses the raw choiceness masson pine plant of 5-25 as fringe bar and cultivates maternal plant, right
Fringe bar cultivates maternal plant and carries out truncation trimming, and the young sprout that is formed is as fringe bar after being sprouted using needle base resting bud.
Start the masson pine general 3-4 month to take out the tip, one is only tip of pumping, and general each shoot apex extracts 1 young sprout out, even
See 3-5 root, fringe grafting is adopted in 4-5 month young sprout semi-lignified;This method select 5-25 give birth to choiceness it is big set into
Row truncation, the resting bud of needle base portion can produce a large amount of fringe bar under certain condition after truncation, can be to avoid Seedling selection
Blindness;Needles of pinus massoniana phyllopodium resting bud one can be sprouted every year, be affected by temperature the time required to sprouting, when winter pruning is sprouted
Between it is long, as the temperature rises, the sprout time of needles of pinus massoniana phyllopodium resting bud is gradually shortened, and summer sprout time is most short, only
It needs 23 days or so, and rudiment quantity is not influenced by trimming season, variation range is small, can obtain a large amount of fringes throughout the year
Item is managed, annual graftable.
Further, during the stock is cultivated, robust growth, the masson pine of no disease and pests harm or wet-land pine tree are chosen as grafting anvil
Wood.
Further, it in the fringe bar interception, chooses diameter and is greater than 3mm, length is that the semi-lignified no disease and pests harm of 5-7cm is new
The tip is intercepted.
Further, the method for the grafting is medulla forming layer rendezvous method or cleft graft.
Further, the engrafting method is medulla forming layer rendezvous method, and the medulla forming layer rendezvous method includes following step
It is rapid: to extract the needle of scion branch, fringe bar bottom is scabbled, advance from bottom medulla central parallel, cut and take the long end 3-5cm to be in
The scion of ligulate, then rugosity and the comparable position of scion are selected on stock 2 years raw branches, needle is plucked, is cut by forming layer
The identical abutting of the bevel of scion and stock is tightened with grafting membrane binding at scion an equal amount of bevel.Use this medulla
Forming layer rendezvous method has that speed is fast, section is smooth, forming layer is to accurate in the grafting of masson pine, and it is excellent that binding is tight etc.
Point.
Further, after the grafting, bagging processing is carried out to entire fringe bar and interface using transparent film bag, keeps set
Bag expansion.
The grafting of masson pine at present only carries out in spring, but since spring rainwater is more, continuous rainfall weather, and masson pine
The time that graft union survives is longer, generally requires 4-5 week.4-6 month temperature gradually gos up, and not yet heals into grafting
Living, before scion cannot get moisture supply, due to the transpiration of terminal bud and needle, the easy dehydration of scion is to influence to survive;This
Outside, it being sealed since grafting bandage cannot wrap up interface upper end, water droplet easily penetrates into after rain, and after grafting within 3-5 days, graft face
Protective film is not yet formed, rainwater immersion will affect junction healing;Bagging plays moistening effect after hot weather, grafting, can mention
High graft survival rate.
Further, in the growth management, after fringe bar grafting survival, the extra branch of stock is trimmed, is applied at sheared edge
It puts the oil paint.The trimming extra branch of stock can make nutrition be gathered in needle Ji Qianfuyachu, and wound can be avoided by smearing paint
Infection.
Further, during the fringe bar is cultivated, after cultivating the trimming of maternal plant truncation to fringe bar, at interval of 7-10 days, fringe bar is trained
It educates maternal plant and uses the GA of IAA, 50-150ppm of 50-200ppm3It is sprayed with the 6-BA of 25-75ppm.
IAA、GA3, tri- kinds of 6-BA different exogenous hormones processing can greatly improve coppice shoot quantity and quality, 6-BA is sprayed
After can promote needles of pinus massoniana phyllopodium resting bud ahead of time sprout, GA3Processing can significantly improve fringe bar quality, and IAA processing can be mentioned significantly
High fringe bar quantity.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, as scion, cutting yield mentions the branch grown up to after being sprouted using the resting bud of needles of pinus massoniana leaf base significantly
Height both annual can generate a large amount of fringe bars, graftable in any season, overcome the factors pair such as grafting time, weather
The influence of graft survival rate, and can be greatly improved work efficiency to avoid the blindness of Seedling selection.
2, operation of the present invention is simple, at low cost, high survival rate;The use of rainy season or hot weather film bagging effectively improves
The survival rate of masson pine grafting.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the picture that resting bud sprouts the fringe bar grown up to;
Fig. 2 is the picture after fringe bar medulla forming layer rendezvous method;
Fig. 3 is picture after cleft graft grafting bagging.
Specific embodiment
Following examples experiment is carried out below by taking the somewhere of Guizhou as an example for the beneficial effect for embodying this method:
Embodiment 1:
Stock is cultivated: being chosen the masson pine of robust growth, no disease and pests harm as stock, is grafted first 6 months to every plant of stock
Nitrogen fertilizer application 2kg, phosphate fertilizer 2kg and potash fertilizer 2kg.
Fringe bar is cultivated: on December 18th, 2016, selecting the clone masson pine plant of 5-25 (preferably 6-8) Nian Shuling
Maternal plant, the equal robust growth of the masson pine of selection, without pest and disease damage are cultivated as fringe bar.Truncation is carried out to above-mentioned masson pine, each
Retain needles more as far as possible on branch.Routine observation simultaneously measures needle base resting bud sprouting situation.
Fringe bar interception: the fringe bar for choosing the masson pine of robust growth, no disease and pests harm is grafted, and the fringe bar of interception is chosen
Diameter is 4-5mm, and length is the semi-lignified no disease and pests harm young sprout of 5-7mm.
Grafting: when grafting, extracing the needle of scion branch, fringe bar bottom scabbled, advance from bottom medulla central parallel,
The scion for taking the long end 3-5cm to be in ligulate is cut, then selects rugosity and the comparable position of scion on stock 2 years raw branches, is plucked
Needle is whittled by forming layer and the identical abutting of the bevel of scion and stock is tied up with grafting membrane with scion an equal amount of bevel
Bundle is tightened.
Growth management: to the maternal plant after grafting at interval of 15 days, nitrogen fertilizer application 0.2kg, phosphate fertilizer 0.2kg and potash fertilizer 0.2kg.
Embodiment 2:
Embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 compare, and difference is only in that, the truncation trimming time of embodiment 2 is 2017.3.12.
Embodiment 3:
Embodiment 3 and embodiment 1 compare, and difference is only in that, the truncation trimming time of embodiment 3 is 2017.5.30.
Embodiment 4:
Embodiment 4 and embodiment 1 compare, and difference is only in that, the truncation trimming time of embodiment 4 is 2017.7.20.
Embodiment 5:
Embodiment 5 and embodiment 1 compare, and difference is only in that, the truncation trimming time of embodiment 5 is 2017.9.2.
Embodiment 6:
Embodiment 6 and embodiment 2 compare, and difference is, after embodiment 6 cultivates the trimming of maternal plant truncation to fringe bar, every
Every 7-10 days, maternal plant is cultivated to fringe bar and uses the GA of IAA, 50-150ppm of 50-200ppm3It is carried out with the 6-BA of 25-75ppm
Sprinkling is once, it is preferable to use the GA of IAA, 100ppm of 120ppm3It is sprayed with the 6-BA of 50ppm, each every plant of IAA, GA3And 6-
The fountain height of BA is 1kg.
Embodiment 7:
Embodiment 7 and embodiment 6 compare, and difference is, in IAA, GA of sprinkling3In 6-BA solution, solution is added
The nitrogenous fertilizer of gross mass 0.1%, 0.25% phosphate fertilizer and 0.25% potash fertilizer.
Embodiment 8:
Embodiment 8 and embodiment 7 compare, and difference is, by IAA, GA3With addition solution gross mass in 6-BA solution
0.1% nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.25% phosphate fertilizer and 0.25% potash fertilizer after, mixed solution is handled as follows:
In mixed solution, the chitosan of mixed liquor gross mass 2.5% is added, after being stirred, is placed in -10 DEG C to -30
DEG C environment in after freezing stands for 24 hours, add the titania powder of 10% weight of chitosan, stir 1h, soda ash tune is added
It saves to pH=7.Chitosan reacts to obtain network-like chitosan-titanium dioxide compound with titanium dioxide, at this time nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and
Potash fertilizer and chitosan-titanium dioxide compound form slow-release fertilizer.
The rudiment situation of embodiment 1- embodiment 8 is as shown in the table:
From above-described embodiment it can be seen that
1, from embodiment 1 to the correlation data of embodiment 5, it can be seen that use this method, cultivate plant to fringe bar and carry out
Truncation trimming, whole year can grow fringe bar, greatly improve the yield of fringe bar, and truncation is trimmed in winter, fringe bar
Sprouting time longest, summer is most short, trims in spring truncation, fringe bar rudiment is more;So this method utilizes needles of pinus massoniana
As scion, cutting yield greatly improves the branch that the resting bud of leaf base grows up to after sprouting, and both annual can generate a large amount of fringes
Item, it is graftable in any season, overcome influence of the factors such as grafting time, weather to graft survival rate, and can be with
The blindness for avoiding Seedling selection, greatly improves work efficiency.
2, it is compared from embodiment 6 and embodiment 2, it can be seen that after truncation trimming, use IAA, GA3With 6-BA to branch
Item is sprayed, and the time of fringe bar sprouting can be shortened, and improves the quantity of rudiment.
3, it is compared from embodiment 7 and embodiment 2 and embodiment 6, it can be seen that in IAA, GA3It is added in 6-BA solution
0.1% nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.25% phosphate fertilizer and 0.25% potash fertilizer, can further shorten fringe bar sprouting time, and further
Improve the quantity of rudiment.
4, it is compared from embodiment 8 and embodiment 2 and embodiment 7, it can be seen that by IAA, GA3, 6-BA, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and
Potash fertilizer carries out sustained release micro process using chitosan and titanium dioxide, and in fringe bar growth course, fertilizer nutrient slow release can be with
Further greatly shorten the time that fringe bar is sprouted, and greatly improves the quantity of rudiment.
Embodiment 9,
Embodiment 9 and embodiment 8 compare, and difference is that embodiment 9 uses transparent film bag after grafting to fringe bar
Bagging processing is carried out to entire fringe bar and interface, keeps bagging expansion.
Embodiment 10,
Embodiment 10 compares embodiment 8, and difference is, in growth management, after fringe bar grafting survival, trims anvil
The extra branch of wood, smears paint at sheared edge.
Embodiment 11,
Embodiment 11 and embodiment 8 compare, and difference is, embodiment 11 is grafted using cleft graft, and steps are as follows:
Choose robust growth, the masson pine of no disease and pests harm is grafted, it is 4-5mm that fringe bar, which chooses diameter, and length is the half wooden of 5-7mm
Matter no disease and pests harm young sprout.
When grafting, the needle of scion branch is extractd, fringe bar lower end is whittled into 1-2cm long, tapered ramp wide outside and narrow inside, is cut
2-3 bud more than face is stayed, top is away from bud 0.5cm.Bevel is smoothly neat, is touched with joint-cutting after benefit insertion.
Stock limb is scabbled into section, then directly splits and cuts on section, depth is advisable with being slightly longer than scion section, splits mouth
Position is depending on scion thickness.
Fringe bar is inserted into rootstock opening-cleaving, the forming layer of scion and stock is aligned, and is then bound and is combined with plastic film strip
Position.
Embodiment 12,
Embodiment 12 and embodiment 9 compare, and difference is only in that, embodiment 12 carries out fringe as stock using wet-land pine tree
The grafting of item.
The graft survival rate of embodiment 9- embodiment 12 is counted, result data is as follows:
Embodiment | It grafts quantity (a) | Survive quantity (a) | Survival rate (%) |
Embodiment 9 | 120 | 98 | 81.7 |
Embodiment 10 | 120 | 110 | 91.7 |
Embodiment 11 | 120 | 118 | 98.3 |
Embodiment 12 | 120 | 97 | 81.5 |
In terms of the correlation data of above-described embodiment 9- embodiment 11 as can be seen that after grafting, using transparent film bag to whole
A fringe bar and interface carry out bagging processing, keep in bagging expansion and growth management, after fringe bar grafting survival, trimming
The extra branch of stock, the graft survival rate of fringe bar can be greatly improved by smearing paint at sheared edge;From embodiment 12 with
Embodiment 9 compares, it can be seen that this method can be used masson pine and do stock, and wet-land pine tree also can be used and do stock, grafting at
Motility rate is not much different.
The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to preferred embodiment to this hair
It is bright to be described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can modify to technical solution of the present invention
Or equivalent replacement should all cover without departing from the objective and range of technical solution of the present invention in claim of the invention
In range.Technology not described in detail in the present invention, shape, construction portion are well-known technique.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency, including stock cultivation, fringe bar cultivation, fringe bar interception, grafting and growth
Management process, it is characterised in that: when the fringe bar is cultivated, choose the raw choiceness masson pine plant of 5-25 and trained as fringe bar
Maternal plant is educated, maternal plant is cultivated to fringe bar and carries out truncation trimming, the young sprout that is formed is as fringe bar after being sprouted using needle base resting bud.
2. a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the stock is cultivated
In, robust growth, the masson pine of no disease and pests harm or wet-land pine tree are chosen as graft stock.
3. a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fringe bar interception
In, it chooses diameter and is greater than 3mm, length is that the semi-lignified no disease and pests harm young sprout of 5-7cm is intercepted.
4. a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the side of the grafting
Method is medulla forming layer rendezvous method or cleft graft.
5. a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the engrafting method
For medulla forming layer rendezvous method, the medulla forming layer rendezvous method is the following steps are included: extract the needle of scion branch, by fringe bar
Bottom is scabbled, and is advanced from bottom medulla central parallel, cuts the scion for taking the long end 3-5cm to be in ligulate, then in stock 2 years raw branches
Upper selection rugosity and the comparable position of scion, pluck needle, by forming layer be whittled into an equal amount of bevel of scion, scion
It coincide and is close to the bevel of stock, tightened with grafting membrane binding.
6. a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the growth management
In step, bagging processing is carried out to entire fringe bar and interface using transparent film bag, keeps bagging expansion.
7. a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the growth management
In, after fringe bar grafting survival, the extra branch of stock is trimmed, paint is smeared at sheared edge.
8. a kind of method for improving masson pine grafting efficiency according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the fringe bar is cultivated
In, after cultivating the trimming of maternal plant truncation to fringe bar, at interval of 7-10 days, IAA, 50- that maternal plant uses 50-200ppm are cultivated to fringe bar
The GA of 150ppm3Spray with the 6-BA of 25-75ppm primary.
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Cited By (1)
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CN113141898A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-07-23 | 郴州市农业科学研究所 | Grafting and replanting method without influencing current-year yield of grapes |
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Application publication date: 20190426 |