CN102668833A - Method for planting radix pseudostellariae - Google Patents
Method for planting radix pseudostellariae Download PDFInfo
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- CN102668833A CN102668833A CN2012101331816A CN201210133181A CN102668833A CN 102668833 A CN102668833 A CN 102668833A CN 2012101331816 A CN2012101331816 A CN 2012101331816A CN 201210133181 A CN201210133181 A CN 201210133181A CN 102668833 A CN102668833 A CN 102668833A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting radix pseudostellariae, which substantially comprises steps of 1 soil selecting, 2 soil preparing, 3 disinfecting, 4 basal dressing, 5 case unpacking, 6 cultivating, 7 intertillage weeding, 8 topdressing, 9 hilling, 10 irrigating and 11 dewatering. The radix pseudostellariae planted through the method for planting the radix pseudostellariae can reach requirements of national Chinese herbal medicine quality management practice, is superior and safe, can completely replace medicinal value of wild radix pseudostellariae, is short in planting cycle and high in benefits, and becomes a leading industry for famers to cast off poverty and get rich.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the kind method for planting of kind method for planting, the especially radix pseudostellariae of medicinal plant.
Background technology
Radix pseudostellariae is a Caryophyllaceae caryophyllaceous ginseng
Pseudostellaria heterophlla(Miq.) the underground root of Pax ex Pax et Hoffm., sweet, the little hardship of radix pseudostellariae flavor, property is flat, returns spleen, lung channel, has to replenish qi to invigorate the spleen promoting production of body fluid and nourishing the lung effect.Radix pseudostellariae is China's medicinal herbs most in use simply, long applicating history is arranged, and wild radix pseudostellariae is excavated by predatoriness, and resource is exhausted day by day; Radix pseudostellariae also has the ecological vegetable characteristic, and its plantation is strict to environmental requirement, the environmental ecological benefit that can bring.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of crown prince's method for planting ginseng, can reach national traditional Chinese medicine quality control procedure with the radix pseudostellariae of guaranteeing to plant.
The kind method for planting that provides of the present invention comprises the steps:
1 choosing ground
Radix pseudostellariae to soil require with fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid extremely neutral sand loam require the pH value between 6～7.2 for well, plow layer is about 30 ㎝;
Soil environment quality must meet " National Environmental quality standard " (GB15618～1995) one-level or secondary standard;
Base air ambient requirement, air is pollution-free, meets " atmosphere quality requirement " (GB3095～1996) one-level or secondary standard;
2 whole ground
Time of site preparation: annual late September carries out putting in order ground the first time, tedding, and during the radix pseudostellariae plantation, carries out once wholely October～November again;
Method of soil preparation: on preceding crop results back or fallow land, adopt and plough or manual work is turned over and dug, more than the degree of depth 20 ㎝;
3 sterilizations
Disinfecting time: when putting in order ground for the second time; In conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely, i.e. in annual October～November, select fine; Forbid to carry out soil disinfection, sparge the soil table with 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilution and 800 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate dilution in the rainy day;
4 basal dressings
The basal dressing time: combine for the second time wholely, i.e. October～by the end of November;
Basal dressing amount: execute for every mu and macerate ripe ox, fertile 1200 ㎏ of pigsty～1500 ㎏, compoiste fertilizer 110 ㎏;
The basal dressing method: after macerating ripe ox, pigsty fertilizer and compoiste fertilizer and evenly mixing, base manure spread spare on whole good plot, turn over or manual work is ploughed under in the ground with plough, deep ploughing is again ploughed or the oxharrow rake is thin, rake is equal with artificial;
5 open the railway carriage or compartment
The every plot arrangement of having executed base manure is railway carriage or compartment shape, and the wide 1500cm in every plot railway carriage or compartment, high 30 ㎝ in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 25 ㎝, ditch depth 25 ㎝ hold the drain ditch all around successfully, and railway carriage or compartment length decide because of landform, but length can not surpass 18m, and face work in railway carriage or compartment is hunchbacked shape;
Require deep ploughing to plough, meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, up to soil broken fully thin till, require that rake is dark, rake is thin, rake passes through, level land and sort out weeds;
6 cultivations
The cultivation time: November is to late December;
Planting type: adopt drilling to cultivate;
Seed ginseng is selected: select healthy and strong, the bud head is full, not damaged, no damage by disease and insect are caused harm, and is thick the good species ginseng cultivating of 2.0 ㎜;
Planting density: during the pendulum seed ginseng, swing in the ditch of holding successfully by spacing in the rows 7 ㎝, mu is with kind of parameter 25 ㎏～30 ㎏;
Earthing: the fine earth with in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment covers seed ginseng, and thickness of earth-fill cover is 5 ㎝～6 ㎝, i.e. dark 5 ㎝ of earthing～6 ㎝ above the bud head, and the railway carriage or compartment face behind the earthing is hunchbacked shape, with hoe compacting railway carriage or compartment face soil gently;
7 intertill and clean tillages
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of seedling, carry out the shallow surface cultivation weeding first time at the beginning of promptly annual 3 months,, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the ginseng field not have weeds to seedling Feng Hanghou;
The intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, available spud turns over to dig gently sorts out weeds, and later weeding can only be pulled out with manual work, in the radix pseudostellariae planting base, forbids to adopt chemical weed control practices or produce the chemical herbicide that bans use of;
Weeds are handled: the weeds of at every turn extracting, need to concentrate the heap level, and be used to dry burn and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, forbid arbitrarily to be stacked in railway carriage or compartment face or the ditch;
8 topdress
Dressing time and number of times: radix pseudostellariae topdresses generally at early March to late March, in conjunction with for the first time
Intertill and clean tillage once topdresses, in 4 months, carry out topdressing the second time in last ten-days period;
Method of application: topdressing for the first time combines intertill and clean tillage to carry out, and along in the ranks being spread on fertilizer in the row equably of radix pseudostellariae, loosens the soil gently with spud; In burying fertilizer lid, note not being sprinkling upon fertilizer on the blade, in order to avoid the blade of burning; Be chosen in and be advisable after morning, dew was done, forbid the rainy day fertilising; Topdress for the second time, adopt foliage-spray, sprayed once in 7～10 days, get final product for general 2～3 times, spray 9:00～11:00 in the morning, afternoon, 16:00～18:30 carried out;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress compoiste fertilizer 25 ㎏/mus～30 ㎏/mus, urea 2.5 ㎏/mus for the first time; Topdress for the second time,, be made into 0.3% solution and carry out foliage-spray with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15 ㎏/mu;
9 ridgings
The ridging time: topdressing for the first time finishes;
Ridging method: train face with spades or shovel hoe shovel fine earth from empty ditch, note not damaging stem, the leaf of seedling in the railway carriage or compartment;
Ridging thickness: 1 ㎝～1.5 ㎝;
10 irrigate
The irrigation water quality: the irrigation water that is used for the radix pseudostellariae base must reach GB5084～85 " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " secondary standard, and annual the detection once;
Irrigation time and number of times: can water 1～2 time if chance is arid in the plantation back;
In radix pseudostellariae whole growth growth course, should in time check according to the rainfall situation, when radix pseudostellariae blade had slight is wilted, then irrigate;
Irrigation frequency should reach the decision of rainfall situation as required, and summer, arid can be sure not under sunlight is exposed to the sun, to carry out sooner or later pouring water;
Irrigation method and water consumption: radix pseudostellariae is irrigated and is all adopted artificial method of spraying, and waters so that ground 10 ㎝～15 ㎝ plow layer are irrigated and are advisable at every turn;
11 drainings
When plantation, increase zanjon around the land for growing field crops, be beneficial to timely draining;
Make regular check on, inspection in every month 1～2 time, finding has long-pending soil in the ditch, should get rid of long-pending soil immediately, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape;
Casual inspection, after the heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded with the railway carriage or compartment ditch around checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge, and simultaneously, whether inspection railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if then earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape.
The radix pseudostellariae of this method plantation can reach the requirement of national traditional Chinese medicine quality control procedure, and radix pseudostellariae quality high-quality, safety can substitute the medical value of wild radix pseudostellariae fully, and radix pseudostellariae crop cycle is short, and high efficiency becomes the leading industry of peasant programme.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Choosing ground
Cercis base, Shibing height above sea level 800m～1000m during the gradient < 15o,>15o, makes the ladder band into, and existing irrigation conditions has drainage condition again, apart from A-road 2km, does not have congener of the same race on every side.
Weather conditions
The base is positioned at footpath, east 108o04 ˊ～108o23 ˊ, between latitude 26o25 ˊ～27o02 ˊ.The temperature warm and moist, 14 ℃ of mean temperature of air, 5000 ℃～5600 ℃ of year effective accumulated temperature, the summer does not have heat, the winter does not have severe cold, 280 days/year frost-free seasons.Rainfall is plentiful, average annual rainfall 1200 ㎜, and annual sunshine duration 958～1195h, a year solar radiation total amount is 84.44 Ka/㎝
2
Soil condition
The soil parent material in base mainly is limestone, metamorphic rock, ploughs to be mainly yellow earth, yellowish-brown loam.Soil pH 6～7, the content of organic matter 3.5%～6.72%, total nitrogen content 2.5g/kg～6.57g/kg, available phosphorus 4.99mg/kg～10.4mg/kg, available potassium 33.9mg/kg～124.6mg/kg.
2 whole ground
Late September carries out putting in order ground the first time, tedding then, during the radix pseudostellariae plantation, carries out once wholely October～November again;
Method of soil preparation: on preceding crop results back or fallow land, adopt and plough or manual work is turned over and dug, more than the degree of depth 20 ㎝;
3 sterilizations
Disinfecting time: when putting in order ground for the second time; In conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely, i.e. October～November then, select fine; Forbid to carry out soil disinfection, be sprayed on the soil table with 800 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilution soil table with 800 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate in the rainy day;
4 basal dressings
The basal dressing time: combine for the second time wholely, i.e. mid-November then;
The basal dressing amount: mu is executed and is macerated ripe ox, fertile 1400 ㎏ of pigsty, compoiste fertilizer 110 ㎏.
The basal dressing method: after macerating ripe ox, pigsty fertilizer and compoiste fertilizer and evenly mixing, base manure spread spare on whole good plot, turn over or manual work is ploughed under in the ground with plough, deep ploughing is again ploughed or the oxharrow rake is thin, rake is equal with artificial;
5 open the railway carriage or compartment
The every plot arrangement of having executed base manure is railway carriage or compartment shape, and the wide 1500cm in every plot railway carriage or compartment, high 30 ㎝ in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 25 ㎝, ditch depth 25 ㎝ hold the drain ditch all around successfully, and railway carriage or compartment length decide because of landform, but length can not surpass 18m, and face work in railway carriage or compartment is hunchbacked shape;
Require deep ploughing to plough, meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, up to soil broken fully thin till, require that rake is dark, rake is thin, rake passes through, level land and sort out weeds.
6 cultivations
The cultivation time: mid-December then;
Planting type: adopt drilling to cultivate;
Seed ginseng is selected: select healthy and strong, the bud head is full, not damaged, no damage by disease and insect are caused harm, and is thick the good species ginseng cultivating of 2.0 ㎜;
Planting density: during the pendulum seed ginseng, swing in the ditch of holding successfully by spacing in the rows 6 ㎝, mu is with kind of parameter 33 ㎏;
Earthing: the fine earth with in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment covers seed ginseng, and thickness of earth-fill cover is 5 ㎝～6 ㎝, i.e. dark 5 ㎝ of earthing～6 ㎝ above the bud head, and the railway carriage or compartment face behind the earthing is hunchbacked shape, with hoe compacting railway carriage or compartment face soil gently;
7 intertill and clean tillages
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of seedling, carry out the shallow surface cultivation weeding first time at the beginning of promptly annual 3 months,, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the ginseng field not have weeds to seedling Feng Hanghou;
The intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, available spud turns over to dig gently sorts out weeds, and later weeding can only be pulled out with manual work, in the radix pseudostellariae planting base, forbids to adopt chemical weed control practices or produce the chemical herbicide that bans use of;
Weeds are handled: the weeds of at every turn extracting, need to concentrate the heap level, and be used to dry burn and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, forbid arbitrarily to be stacked in railway carriage or compartment face or the ditch;
8 topdress
Dressing time and number of times: radix pseudostellariae topdresses generally at early March to late March, in conjunction with for the first time
Intertill and clean tillage once topdresses, in 4 months, carry out topdressing the second time in last ten-days period;
Method of application: topdressing for the first time combines intertill and clean tillage to carry out, and along in the ranks being spread on fertilizer in the row equably of radix pseudostellariae, loosens the soil gently with spud; In burying fertilizer lid, note not being sprinkling upon fertilizer on the blade, in order to avoid the blade of burning; Be chosen in and be advisable after morning, dew was done, forbid the rainy day fertilising; Topdress for the second time, adopt foliage-spray, sprayed once in 7～10 days, get final product for general 2～3 times, spray 9:00～11:00 in the morning, afternoon, 16:00～18:30 carried out;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress compoiste fertilizer 30 ㎏/mus, urea 2.5 ㎏/mus for the first time; Topdress for the second time,, be made into 0.3% solution and carry out foliage-spray with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15 ㎏/mu;
9 ridgings
The ridging time: topdressing for the first time finishes;
Ridging method: train face with spades or shovel hoe shovel fine earth from empty ditch, note not damaging stem, the leaf of seedling in the railway carriage or compartment;
Ridging thickness: 1 ㎝～1.5 ㎝;
10 irrigate
In radix pseudostellariae whole growth growth course, should in time check according to the rainfall situation, when radix pseudostellariae blade had slight is wilted, then irrigate;
Irrigation frequency should reach the decision of rainfall situation as required, and summer, arid can be sure not under sunlight is exposed to the sun, to carry out sooner or later pouring water;
Irrigation method and water consumption: radix pseudostellariae is irrigated and is all adopted artificial method of spraying, and waters so that ground 12 ㎝ plow layer are irrigated at every turn;
11 drainings
When plantation, increase zanjon around the land for growing field crops, be beneficial to timely draining;
Make regular check on, inspection in every month 2 times, finding has long-pending soil in the ditch, should get rid of long-pending soil immediately, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape;
Casual inspection, after the heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded with the railway carriage or compartment ditch around checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge, and simultaneously, whether inspection railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if then earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape.
Claims (1)
1. crown prince's method for planting ginseng comprises the steps:
(1) choosing ground
Radix pseudostellariae to soil require with fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid extremely neutral sand loam require the pH value between 6～7.2 for well, plow layer is about 30 ㎝;
Soil environment quality must meet " National Environmental quality standard " (GB15618～1995) one-level or secondary standard;
Base air ambient requirement, air is pollution-free, meets " atmosphere quality requirement " (GB3095～1996) one-level or secondary standard;
(2) wholely
Time of site preparation: annual late September carries out putting in order ground the first time, tedding, and during the radix pseudostellariae plantation, carries out once wholely October～November again;
Method of soil preparation: on preceding crop results back or fallow land, adopt and plough or manual work is turned over and dug, more than the degree of depth 20 ㎝;
(3) sterilization
Disinfecting time: when putting in order ground for the second time; In conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely, i.e. in annual October～November, select fine; Forbid to carry out soil disinfection, sparge the soil table with 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilution and 800 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate dilution in the rainy day;
(4) basal dressing
The basal dressing time: combine for the second time wholely, i.e. October～by the end of November;
Basal dressing amount: execute for every mu and macerate ripe ox, fertile 1200 ㎏ of pigsty～1500 ㎏, compoiste fertilizer 110 ㎏;
The basal dressing method: after macerating ripe ox, pigsty fertilizer and compoiste fertilizer and evenly mixing, base manure spread spare on whole good plot, turn over or manual work is ploughed under in the ground with plough, deep ploughing is again ploughed or the oxharrow rake is thin, rake is equal with artificial;
(5) open the railway carriage or compartment
The every plot arrangement of having executed base manure is railway carriage or compartment shape, and the wide 1500cm in every plot railway carriage or compartment, high 30 ㎝ in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 25 ㎝, ditch depth 25 ㎝ hold the drain ditch all around successfully, and railway carriage or compartment length decide because of landform, but length can not surpass 18m, and face work in railway carriage or compartment is hunchbacked shape;
Require deep ploughing to plough, meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, up to soil broken fully thin till, require that rake is dark, rake is thin, rake passes through, level land and sort out weeds;
(6) cultivation
The cultivation time: November is to late December;
Planting type: adopt drilling to cultivate;
Seed ginseng is selected: select healthy and strong, the bud head is full, not damaged, no damage by disease and insect are caused harm, and is thick the good species ginseng cultivating of 2.0 ㎜;
Planting density: during the pendulum seed ginseng, swing in the ditch of holding successfully by spacing in the rows 7 ㎝, mu is with kind of parameter 25 ㎏～30 ㎏;
Earthing: the fine earth with in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment covers seed ginseng, and thickness of earth-fill cover is 5 ㎝～6 ㎝, i.e. dark 5 ㎝ of earthing～6 ㎝ above the bud head, and the railway carriage or compartment face behind the earthing is hunchbacked shape, with hoe compacting railway carriage or compartment face soil gently;
(7) intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of seedling, carry out the shallow surface cultivation weeding first time at the beginning of promptly annual 3 months,, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the ginseng field not have weeds to seedling Feng Hanghou;
The intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, available spud turns over to dig gently sorts out weeds, and later weeding can only be pulled out with manual work, in the radix pseudostellariae planting base, forbids to adopt chemical weed control practices or produce the chemical herbicide that bans use of;
Weeds are handled: the weeds of at every turn extracting, need to concentrate the heap level, and be used to dry burn and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, forbid arbitrarily to be stacked in railway carriage or compartment face or the ditch;
(8) topdress
Dressing time and number of times: radix pseudostellariae topdresses generally at early March to late March, in conjunction with for the first time
Intertill and clean tillage once topdresses, in 4 months, carry out topdressing the second time in last ten-days period;
Method of application: topdressing for the first time combines intertill and clean tillage to carry out, and along in the ranks being spread on fertilizer in the row equably of radix pseudostellariae, loosens the soil gently with spud; In burying fertilizer lid, note not being sprinkling upon fertilizer on the blade, in order to avoid the blade of burning; Be chosen in and be advisable after morning, dew was done, forbid the rainy day fertilising; Topdress for the second time, adopt foliage-spray, sprayed once in 7～10 days, get final product for general 2～3 times, spray 9:00～11:00 in the morning, afternoon, 16:00～18:30 carried out;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress compoiste fertilizer 25 ㎏/mus～30 ㎏/mus, urea 2.5 ㎏/mus for the first time; Topdress for the second time,, be made into 0.3% solution and carry out foliage-spray with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15 ㎏/mu;
(9) ridging
The ridging time: topdressing for the first time finishes;
Ridging method: train face with spades or shovel hoe shovel fine earth from empty ditch, note not damaging stem, the leaf of seedling in the railway carriage or compartment;
Ridging thickness: 1 ㎝～1.5 ㎝;
(10) irrigate
The irrigation water quality: the irrigation water that is used for the radix pseudostellariae base must reach GB5084～85 " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " secondary standard, and annual the detection once;
Irrigation time and number of times: can water 1～2 time if chance is arid in the plantation back;
In radix pseudostellariae whole growth growth course, should in time check according to the rainfall situation, when radix pseudostellariae blade had slight is wilted, then irrigate;
Irrigation frequency should reach the decision of rainfall situation as required, and summer, arid can be sure not under sunlight is exposed to the sun, to carry out sooner or later pouring water;
Irrigation method and water consumption: radix pseudostellariae is irrigated and is all adopted artificial method of spraying, and waters so that ground 10 ㎝～15 ㎝ plow layer are irrigated and are advisable at every turn;
(11) draining
When plantation, increase zanjon around the land for growing field crops, be beneficial to timely draining;
Make regular check on, inspection in every month 1～2 time, finding has long-pending soil in the ditch, should get rid of long-pending soil immediately, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape;
Casual inspection, after the heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded with the railway carriage or compartment ditch around checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge, and simultaneously, whether inspection railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if then earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape.
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