CN106857145A - A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultural method - Google Patents

A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultural method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106857145A
CN106857145A CN201710085215.1A CN201710085215A CN106857145A CN 106857145 A CN106857145 A CN 106857145A CN 201710085215 A CN201710085215 A CN 201710085215A CN 106857145 A CN106857145 A CN 106857145A
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China
Prior art keywords
ginkgo
fertilizer
leaf
soil
careless
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CN201710085215.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭海彦
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Changsha Dragon Zhirun Ginkgo Industry Development Co Ltd
Hunan Lu Yuan Ginkgo Industry Development Co Ltd
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Changsha Dragon Zhirun Ginkgo Industry Development Co Ltd
Hunan Lu Yuan Ginkgo Industry Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710085215.1A priority Critical patent/CN106857145A/en
Publication of CN106857145A publication Critical patent/CN106857145A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275Films
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultural method, comprises the following steps:The first step, planting site selection;The preparation of second step, planting site;3rd step, the arrangement of planting site;4th step, open cave, fertilising and ginkgo transplanting;5th step, take off film and plant fertilizer;6th step, managing after sowing;7th step, manage for many years.Using the present invention, it is possible to resolve existing dose is larger, weight yield is gently increased soil fertility, and is cultivated for many years after Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo, and arable soil is hardened, structure destruction, the extremely serious problem of nutrient loss phenomenon.

Description

A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultural method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method, and in particular to a kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultivation side Method.
Background technology
Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba L.)It is a kind of few survivors trees specific to China, is Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo fallen leaves Arbor.Ginkgo leaf is Chinese medicine ancient simply, and edible to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, what is contained in ginkgo leaf is natural Extract has good curative effect to treatment cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, senile dementia and the nervous system disease, with very high medicinal Value and edibility.Effective medicinal components-ginkgolides and GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT-content in ginkgo leaf grown in ginkgo 2 years to the 8th year content highests, content is gradually reduced and loses value after planting 8 years.To improve the output blade of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo With the content of active ingredient in blade, ginkgo ensures to produce mainly based on the planting patterns of Cold region apple, i.e., with larger density Amount level, being pruned by severe prevents ginkgo individual excessive too high, to facilitate harvesting.
Traditional Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo is usually 1 year seedling of transplanting.Because ginkgo spring restoration ecosystem is slow, competitive advantage It is not strong, cause weeds excessive, peasant household is generally largely aided with artificial removing weeds using herbicides such as cover grass energy, glyphosates.Repeatedly Herbicide is used so that herbicidal effect successively decreases, even more potential environmental pollution factorses.The dose of traditional cultivation method is larger, weight Yield is gently increased soil fertility, and is cultivated for many years after Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo, and arable soil is hardened, and structure destruction, nutrient loss phenomenon is extremely serious.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are, for the deficiency of traditional Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo production model, there is provided Yi Zhongke Avoid dose larger, weight yield is gently increased soil fertility, cultivate for many years after Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo, arable soil is hardened, structure destruction, nutrient flow Lose the extremely serious Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer of phenomenon and exempt careless cultural method.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultivation side Method, comprises the following steps:
The first step, planting site selection
The hillock that faces south of 200-1200 meter of height above sea level of selection, soil fertility is medium or more(With reference to NY-T309-1996《The whole nation Farmland types area, cultivated-land grade classification》), topsoil is deep, and active soil stratum is more than 40cm, soil pH value 6.0~7.5, with sandy soil It is advisable with loam;Planting site is furnished with irrigation system and drainage system;
The preparation of second step, planting site
Before September, plowed soils, gutter is held successfully, sun the earth which has been ploughed up two weeks;Level land, railway carriage or compartment be reserved as per 1.6-2.0m, railway carriage or compartment at intervals of 30-40cm, railway carriage or compartment face is in curvature of the spinal column type;
Before sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, mu applies 50-150kg lime;After sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, mu applies granule(It is preferred that family's treasured biphenyl clothianidin particle of good fortune 1% Agent, manufacturer:Fu Meishi FMC Corp. of the U.S.)3-4kg, levels land immediately after applying;
3rd step, the arrangement of planting site
With the dark covering with ground sheeting that width is 1.6-2.0m on reserved railway carriage or compartment face, the gap of 30-40cm is stayed between two films, covered Afterwards mulch film is pushed down with soil;
4th step, open cave, fertilising and ginkgo transplanting
Before transplanting, mulch film is scratched, Zinc fractions kind plant hole is excavated at opening, cave depth 30-40cm often spreads manuer in holes with the organic fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed 80-120g(Meet standard:NY525-2012), organic fertilizer extrudes spill with wooden pestle, in applying composite fertilizer in spill(N:P2O5: K2O=20:4:15)20-30g, earthing 5-8cm after fertilising;
In late March to mid-April, the annual ginkgo transplantation of seedlings that will block main root growing point enters cave, and every plant is watered after transplanting 100-150mL;
Gutter between dredging furrow face, ditch depth 30-40cm, irrigation canals and ditches are connected with discharge outlet, and the soil of trench digging is uniformly sprinkling upon shape on mulch film Into the overlying soil of 1-2cm;
5th step, take off film and plant fertilizer
Mid or late September then after plantation, ginkgo leaf is normally harvested, after ginkgo leaf harvesting, throw off mulch film, after taking off film, mu applies calcium and magnesium Phosphate fertilizer 40-50kg, urea 10-20kg, potassium sulfate 20-30kg, uproot net weeds in field, and after applying fertilizer 10 days, 37-45 is used in every mu of sowing DEG C warm water soaks 4-12 hours 2 ± 0.5kg of vernalization(It is preferred that 2kg)Rattail fescue grass seed;
6th step, managing after sowing
After planting, such as autumn drought, topsoil field capacity more than more than 10 days, then needs to pour once, it is ensured that mouse less than 30% The survival rate of cogongrass seedling, irrigation amount control is advisable the 60% of field capacity, when seedling body is more than 10cm, you can stopping is watered; Needed to repair logical escape canal before the beginning of spring, prevent plum rain season field ponding from damaging Root of Ginkgoes;
7th step, manage for many years
The annual 5-6 month natural deaths of rattail fescue grass form the straw mattress of 5-8cm, and to improve the anti-careless effect of straw mattress, this period should prevent Only disturbance of the people and animals to straw mattress, while field drainage is carried out, to increase the existence time of straw mattress;
After annual mid or late September picking leaves, how much is the amount of reserving seed for planting of visual rattail fescue grass, and mu reseeds rattail fescue grass seed 0-1kg, and takes the Control measures in six steps and the 7th step.
Further, in the 4th step, scratch mulch film, in cross mouthful, A/F is 5-8cm, opening spacing for 30-40cm × 40cm。
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1)Using underground film coating technique, the weeds in field quantity of First Year after transplanting is reduced, while avoiding ground overlay film, mulch film Temperature is too high between ground, and ginkgo root system of burning;
(2)Transplant First Year ginkgo and be easily dehydrated death, overlay film can reduce Evapotranspiration of The Soil Water, increase soil moisture content, auxiliary With growth regulator, ginkgo can greatly be improved and transplant shoot survival percent;
(3)Using underground film coating technique, chemical fertilizer can be reduced with water leaching loss, improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer;
(4)Appropriately sized mulch film opening, both ensure that ginkgo root system oxygen demand, also improve the ground temperature for transplanting early stage, make The Ginkgo Growing cycle increases 1-2 weeks compared with open country plantation, output increased 5-8%;
(5)Covering advantage is formed using winter green manure, common weeds in field cannot be grown, straw mattress can subtract during the 6-7 months Few more than 70% weeds;
(6)Rattail fescue draft can provide 1-1.5 tons of high-quality organic fertilizer, energy as high-quality organic fertilizer, winter planting's rattail fescue grass for crop field Loss of chemical fertilizer is enough reduced, improves soil texture;
(7)Rattail fescue grass can self-reproduction, in the case of without natural calamity, without reseeding by maintain big Tanaka's rattail fescue grass Growth;
(8)It is suitable for extensive light simplified ginkgo production.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultural method, comprises the following steps:
The first step, planting site selection
Five groups of Ningxiang County dragon Tian Town masonry building village is planting experiment ground, and experimental field height above sea level is 295 meters of southwest to sloping upland, area It it is 1.2 mu, preceding crop is corn, rotation system before is vegetables-corn, and soil color is grey black, and parent soil material is Weathered Granite thing, soil plough horizon is deep, and active soil stratum exceedes 100 centimetres of depth, and soil pH value is 6.4, according to NY-T309- 1996 are judged as medium fertility soil, and irrigation conditions is gravity irrigation, and drainage condition is good;
The preparation of second step, planting site
Planting site, in after harvest corn, on August 20th, 2014, mu liming 50kg, and large tractor plowed soils is used, And hold gutter successfully, and to sun the earth which has been ploughed up to September 10 days, September -13 days on the 11st is tentatively leveled land;
3rd step, the arrangement of planting site
On January 12nd, 2015, finely level land, and excavate weeds in field, granule man treasured good fortune 4kg is applied altogether, using side dispenser While leveling land, railway carriage or compartment is reserved as per 1.6m, at intervals of 40cm, railway carriage or compartment face is in curvature of the spinal column type, is with width on reserved railway carriage or compartment face in railway carriage or compartment The black film mulching of 1.6m, stays the gap of 30-40cm between two films, intermembranous interval is placed exactly in gutter position, covering ground After film, the irrigation canals and ditches ruined that people is trodden are dredged again, and mulch film is pushed down using the soil dug out when opening up nitches and gutters;
4th step, open cave, fertilising and ginkgo transplanting
On 2 23rd, 2015, mulch film is scratched using paper knife, in cross mouthful, A/F average out to 7cm, opening spacing is 40cm × 40cm, Zinc fractions kind plant hole is excavated in opening using small-sized hoe, and cave depth 30cm is dry averagely using what is become thoroughly decomposed per cave Cow dung 100g, dry cow dung extrudes spill with hoe while cave is opened light, in applying composite fertilizer in spill(N:P2O5:K2O= 20:4:15)25g, earthing 5-8cm after fertilising;
On March 25th, 2015, the annual ginkgo transplantation of seedlings that will block main root enters cave, every plant of 150mL conduct of about watering after transplanting Root water;
Gutter between dredging furrow face, average ditch depth 30cm, irrigation canals and ditches are connected with discharge outlet, and the soil of trench digging is uniformly sprinkling upon on mulch film Form the overlying soil of 1-2cm;
5th step, take off film and plant fertilizer
On September 13rd, 2015, normally harvests ginkgo leaf, after ginkgo leaf harvesting, throws off mulch film, and after taking off film, mu applies row replacement calcium and magnesium phosphorus Fertile 45kg, urea 15kg, potassium sulfate 25kg, uproot net weeds in field, after applying fertilizer 10 days, 37-45 DEG C of warm water vernalization 4 of every mu of sowing The 2kg rattail fescue grass seeds of hour;
6th step, managing after sowing
The renovation escape canal of on December 20th, 2015;Field management is not carried out to the beginning of spring;
7th step, manage for many years
5 moonrat cogongrass natural deaths in 2016 form the thick straw mattresses of 5cm, and straw mattress on June 15th, 2016 still has 3cm, to field Weeds have good prevention effect;
After the picking leaves of in mid or late September, 2016, by December 21 to experimental field rattail fescue grass germination number investigate, rattail fescue grass into Seedling rate reaches 275 plants/m2, without reseeding.
By using this method, a weeding is carried out within 2015, main weeding kind is the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge and horse pool grass, 2016 Field weeding twice is carried out, main weeding kind is large-scale pteridophyte and broad leaved weed.
Carry out contrast test simultaneously:Periphery carries out 6 weedings for 2015 using the ginkgo plantation of general planting method, 4 weedings are carried out within 2016, rate of fertilizer 2015 is 96kg composite fertilizers/mu, is within 2016 100kg/ mus.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
The first step, planting site selection
The hillock that faces south of 200-1200 meter of height above sea level of selection, soil fertility is medium or more, and topsoil is deep, and active soil stratum is more than 40cm, soil pH value 6.0~7.5;Planting site is furnished with irrigation system and drainage system;
The preparation of second step, planting site
Before September, plowed soils, gutter is held successfully, sun the earth which has been ploughed up two weeks;Level land, railway carriage or compartment be reserved as per 1.6-2.0m, railway carriage or compartment at intervals of 30-40cm, railway carriage or compartment face is in curvature of the spinal column type;
Before sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, mu liming 50-150kg;After sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, mu applies granule 3-4kg, is leveled land immediately after applying;
3rd step, the arrangement of planting site
With the dark covering with ground sheeting that width is 1.6-2.0m on reserved railway carriage or compartment face, the gap of 30-40cm is stayed between two films, covered Afterwards mulch film is pushed down with soil;
4th step, open cave, fertilising and ginkgo transplanting
Before transplanting, mulch film is scratched, Zinc fractions kind plant hole is excavated at opening, cave depth 30-40cm often spreads manuer in holes with the organic fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed 80-120g, organic fertilizer extrudes spill with wooden pestle, in applying composite fertilizer 20-30g, earthing 5-8cm after fertilising in spill;
In late March to mid-April, the annual ginkgo transplantation of seedlings that will block main root growing point enters cave, and every plant is watered after transplanting 100-150mL;
Gutter between dredging furrow face, ditch depth 30-40cm, irrigation canals and ditches are connected with discharge outlet, and the soil of trench digging is uniformly sprinkling upon shape on mulch film Into the overlying soil of 1-2cm;
5th step, take off film and plant fertilizer
Mid or late September then after plantation, ginkgo leaf is normally harvested, after ginkgo leaf harvesting, throw off mulch film, after taking off film, mu applies calcium and magnesium Phosphate fertilizer 40-50kg, urea 10-20kg, potassium sulfate 20-30kg, uproot net weeds in field, and after applying fertilizer 10 days, 37-45 is used in every mu of sowing DEG C warm water soaks 2 ± 0.5kg rattail fescue grass seeds of vernalization in 4-12 hours;
6th step, managing after sowing
After planting, such as autumn drought, topsoil field capacity more than more than 10 days, then needs to pour once, it is ensured that mouse less than 30% The survival rate of cogongrass seedling, irrigation amount is controlled the 60% of field capacity, when seedling body is more than 10cm, you can stopping is watered;The beginning of spring Before need to repair logical escape canal, prevent plum rain season field ponding damage Root of Ginkgoes;
7th step, manage for many years
The annual 5-6 month natural deaths of rattail fescue grass form the straw mattress of 5-8cm, and to improve the anti-careless effect of straw mattress, this period should prevent Only disturbance of the people and animals to straw mattress, while field drainage is carried out, to increase the existence time of straw mattress;
After annual mid or late September picking leaves, how much is the amount of reserving seed for planting of visual rattail fescue grass, and mu reseeds rattail fescue grass seed 0-1kg, and takes the Control measures in six steps and the 7th step.
2. Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer according to claim 1 exempts careless cultural method, it is characterised in that used in second step Granule is family's treasured biphenyl clothianidin granule of good fortune 1%.
3. Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2 exempts careless cultural method, it is characterised in that in the 4th step, draw Turn up the soil film, in cross mouthful, A/F is 5-8cm, opening spacing is 30-40cm × 40cm.
4. careless cultural method is exempted according to the Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in the 4th step, applied In composite fertilizer:N:P2O5:K2O=20:4:15。
CN201710085215.1A 2017-02-17 2017-02-17 A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultural method Pending CN106857145A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108575514A (en) * 2018-05-18 2018-09-28 遵义盛林农业发展有限公司 The implantation methods of blueberry
CN109496656A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-03-22 扬州大学 A method of improving Folium Ginkgo quality and harvest efficiency
CN113348939A (en) * 2021-05-07 2021-09-07 江苏农牧科技职业学院 Efficient three-dimensional planting and breeding combination method for peach trees, common fescue and golden cicadas

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102318486A (en) * 2011-08-09 2012-01-18 湖南麓山天然植物制药有限公司 GAP (good agricultural practices) cultivation technique for leaf-harvesting ginkgo garden with red soil
CN103975818A (en) * 2014-05-30 2014-08-13 张勇 Apple ecological cultivation method for controlling diseases and pests and improving apple quality
CN103988702A (en) * 2014-06-06 2014-08-20 贵州省现代农业发展研究所 Tea seedling black film mulching cultivation method
CN104718923A (en) * 2013-12-22 2015-06-24 重庆佰果香农业发展有限公司 Drought-resisting cultivation method for ginkgo trees
CN105875144A (en) * 2016-04-14 2016-08-24 长沙旭达药业有限公司 Concentrated seedling culture method for polygonatum odoratum

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102318486A (en) * 2011-08-09 2012-01-18 湖南麓山天然植物制药有限公司 GAP (good agricultural practices) cultivation technique for leaf-harvesting ginkgo garden with red soil
CN104718923A (en) * 2013-12-22 2015-06-24 重庆佰果香农业发展有限公司 Drought-resisting cultivation method for ginkgo trees
CN103975818A (en) * 2014-05-30 2014-08-13 张勇 Apple ecological cultivation method for controlling diseases and pests and improving apple quality
CN103988702A (en) * 2014-06-06 2014-08-20 贵州省现代农业发展研究所 Tea seedling black film mulching cultivation method
CN105875144A (en) * 2016-04-14 2016-08-24 长沙旭达药业有限公司 Concentrated seedling culture method for polygonatum odoratum

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108575514A (en) * 2018-05-18 2018-09-28 遵义盛林农业发展有限公司 The implantation methods of blueberry
CN109496656A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-03-22 扬州大学 A method of improving Folium Ginkgo quality and harvest efficiency
CN113348939A (en) * 2021-05-07 2021-09-07 江苏农牧科技职业学院 Efficient three-dimensional planting and breeding combination method for peach trees, common fescue and golden cicadas

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