CN105580585A - Under-chestnut-canopy domesticated wild Northeast pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation technology - Google Patents
Under-chestnut-canopy domesticated wild Northeast pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an under-chestnut-canopy domesticated wild Northeast pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation technology. The technology mainly comprises the steps of (A) cultivation field selection comprising the aspects of (1) soil condition, (2) producing area environment requirement, (3) planning, (4) field selection and (5) planting row setting; (B) seed pseudostellaria heterophylla propagation comprising the aspects of (1) seed treatment, (2) field selection, (3) base fertilizer application, (4) land preparation, (5) sowing and (6) seedbed management; (C) seed pseudostellaria heterophylla selection; (D) planting comprising the aspects of (2) planting stage, (2) pre-panting field preparation, (3) base fertilizer application, (4) planting row setting, (5) seed root treatment, and (6) planting manner; (E) field management comprising the aspects of (2) safe wintering, (2) weeding and gap filling, (3) water management, and (4) topdressing and earthing; and (F) digging and harvesting. The technology is reasonable. Chestnut canopy is used for shading the shade-loving plant pseudostellaria heterophylla, such that a growth environment is good. With the method, considerable economic and social benefits can be provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medicinal plant cultivation field, relate in particular to the lower wild change of northeast radix pseudostellariae of a kind of Chinese chestnut hat man and plant cultivation technique.
Background technology
Radix pseudostellariae is pinkwort caryophyllaceous ginseng (pseudostellaria heterophylla)Pseudostellariaheterophylla(Miq.) dried root of Pax, have replenish qi to invigorate the spleen, promoting production of body fluid and nourishing the lung, the effect of nourishing strong power, be the important Chinese medicine in medicinal material market, be also one of medicine-food two-purpose medicinal material; In recent years, the radix pseudostellariae market price rises steadily, and is subject to the driving of interests, and national cultivated area reaches 150,000 mu; But radix pseudostellariae disease is serious, ginseng agricultures have strengthened the use amount of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer, and the quality of radix pseudostellariae and planting benefit decline; Along with people's health care consciousness improves, must advocate environmental protection, ecological organic products; Wild radix pseudostellariae quality better, premunition are strong, and excessively excavating will resource exhaustion, and science is carried out wild change man and planted very necessary. At present, underwood planting Chinese medicine has become trend. Radix pseudostellariae happiness is dark and damp, avoids drought and avoids waterlogging, and the lower plantation of Chinese chestnut hat is comparatively applicable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on above discussion, provide the lower wild change of northeast radix pseudostellariae of a kind of Chinese chestnut hat man to plant organic production.
Cultivation technique is planted by the lower wild change of northeast radix pseudostellariae of Chinese chestnut hat of the present invention man, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation field is selected
(1) edaphic condition requirement
The soil texture is advisable with sandy loam, avoids rich clay, pH value 4.5 ~ 6.0, the content of organic matter >=3.6%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=110mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >=5.5mg/kg, available potassium >=90mg/kg; Do not build garden at radix pseudostellariae second crop soil, 1 year crop rotation phase is implemented to soil in Ruo Jian garden, and crop rotation method adopts: radix pseudostellariae-sweet clover-radix pseudostellariae; Soil environment quality must meet " National Environmental quality standard " (GB15618～1995) one-level or secondary standard.
(2) other environmental requirement of the place of production
Field air ambient requires: air is pollution-free, meets " atmosphere quality requirement " (GB3095～1996) one-level or secondary standard.
Condition of water quality requires: having can be for water source and the facility of irrigating, water nonpollution, and irrigation water quality reaches country's " field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB3095～1985) secondary or standard above grade 2.
Home environment should meet DB330727/T010-2003.
(3) field planning
The division, road and the irrigation and drainage system that comprise the section of planting arrange etc.
(4) field is selected
The suitable age of tree of Chinese chestnut tree of Chestnut Orchard 3 ~ 30 years, canopy density 0.5 ~ 0.7; The Chestnut Orchard gradient≤30 °, soil thickness >=25cm.
(5) plant row arrange
The gentle slope Chestnut Orchard that gradient < is 7 °, by the concrete slope aspect design row of planting; The row of planting extends and arranges by contour when the gradient >=7 °, by the non-farming boundary belt of 10m interval setting >=1m.
(2) seed ginseng breeding (seminal propagation method)
Seed treatment: wild radix pseudostellariae is bloomed annual April, May ~ June fruit maturation, the ripe seed of gathering at any time, at room ventilation lucifuge place, dry 10 ~ 15d, completes physiology after-ripening. To complete the dry seed of physiology after-ripening, be positioned over the interior chilled storage of refrigerating chamber of refrigerator, complete athermobiosis.
Selection of land: chosen distance Chestnut Orchard is near, and physical features comparatively smooth broad " two road famines " as nursery for well; Avoid preceding vegetable ground.
Basal dressing: before whole ground, the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed is sprinkled evenly on whole good plot as base manure, turn over or manually plough under in ground with ploughing, then deep plough, more than degree of depth 20cm, harrow carefully, harrow even; Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2000kg, and fertilizer should meet NY/T496 regulation, comprises compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, people and animals (fowl) muck etc. must can use after harmless treatment.
Whole ground: rake is turned in deep ploughing, behind whole ground, by wide, the high 20cm bedding of 90cm, length 9m, 30cm(operation road, furrow interval).
Sowing: sow in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, after seed and plant ash are mixed thoroughly, be evenly spread on furrow face with hand, while sowing seeds hand apart from ground about 30cm, sow seeds along furrow face left and right, sow seeds as good with the wind, the density of sowing seeds is at 900 ~ 1200 Li/㎡, then be evenly sieved into fine earth with iron sieve, earthing 0.5 ~ 1cm is thick, and 2 ~ 3cm is thick for upper cover straw, should cover closely knit, be advisable to lose earth's surface, be beneficial to lucifuge; Water once permeable, with heat and moisture preserving.
Seedbed management: radix pseudostellariae germinateed in mid-March in spring, must note watering; After emerging, throw off lid grass, strengthen seedbed management, take the high canopy of 1.5m with sunshade net and give shade, prevent from being exposed to the sun; In the time there is 2 leaflets, spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate secondary, every minor tick 6 ~ 7d. To the feeding-up seedbed of growing in 4 ~ May in conjunction with the thinning of hoeing up weeds, weeding hand-lifting or shallow hoe, avoid injuring tender shoots for the first time, keeps bed surface without weeds, makes growth of seedling stalwartness; Annual root can be used as produces cultivation with planting.
(3) seed ginseng is selected
The piece root that seed ginseng source is seminal propagation, also can excavate wild radix pseudostellariae piece root, chooses the piece root of sturdy good diameter > 2mm to plant; Vegetative root plantation, after 3 years, should not be stayed and do seed ginseng.
(4) plant
Plant period: taking after autumn (late October) plant as main, spring (at the beginning of 4 months) cultivation is auxiliary, piece root with rise be advisable with cultivation.
Whole ground before planting: remove in Li Yuan the foreign material such as chestnut weeds, shrub, tree root and stone in the ranks in early October or carry out whole ground after preceding crop results, ted.
Basal dressing: mu spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 3000kg, fertilizer should meet NY/T496 regulation. After broadcast application, plough degree of depth 30cm.
Plant to go and arrange: do the ridge of line-spacing 45cm at Chinese chestnut tree in the ranks, and suppress ridge face; Ridge line number number according to Chinese chestnut tree, in the ranks width and Chinese chestnut tree are beneficial to as radix pseudostellariae shades, is beneficial to the good growth of radix pseudostellariae and determine.
The processing of kind of root: select healthy and strong, bud head is full, the good seed ginseng of not damaged, the thick > 2.0mm of causing harm without disease and pest, seed ginseng is planted the previous day, with 500 times of immersion bubble kind of root 30min of 50% carbendazim, pull out and drain away the water, then clean residual liquor with clear water, slightly dry surface water and wait to plant.
Planting patterns: adopt drilling to plant, excavate two ditches of dark 9cm along ridge, seed ginseng is put into the ditch having excavated by spacing in the rows 6cm, while putting, bud head-up, is tiltedly put into ditch, upright position, kind of a parameter 30kg for mu; To be placed with the ditch of seed ginseng, cover seed ginseng with the fine earth in furrow, thickness of earth-fill cover is 7cm, i.e. the dark 7cm of earthing above bud head, after earthing with hoe compacting ridge face soil gently.
(5) field management
Safe overwintering: the Beginning of Winter front-and rear-view soil moisture, suitably water 1～2 time, prevent arid, safe overwintering.
Weeding is filled the gaps with seedlings: after emerging, annual early April is carried out shallow surface cultivation weeding for the first time, can implement to fill the gaps with seedlings in conjunction with loosening the soil. Intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, dig gently with spud, sort out weeds, take manually to weed out the rank grass later. See that grass just pulls out, keep ginseng field without weeds.
Water management: spring, arid was watered once permeablely, noted timely draining rainy season.
The ridging of topdressing: the fertile or base manure amount foot in soil, generally need not topdress, a little less than seedling, can be in mid-April, cake fertilizer 30～40kg that every mu of use is become thoroughly decomposed executes with soil is mixed. From empty ditch, shovel fine earth with scuppit or spud and train in ridge face, note not hurting seedling, ridging thickness is 1～1.5cm.
(6) excavate results
Collecting time: it is slow that the radix pseudostellariae of the Northeast falls seedling, trees, the weeds place of giving shade radix pseudostellariae suffer frost just withered. In conjunction with producing the coming year, can reduce seed ginseng and preserve management link, adopt the method for planting while digging, excavate results in late October, Harvesting Years is a growth cycle. Mu can be gathered in the crops fresh 200～300kg.
The weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate.
Collecting method: with down digging along the cross section on ridge with bidentate pick or four tooth palladiums, dark 20cm～25cm, the radix pseudostellariae piece root digging out, removes the earth on piece root in time, packs in the basket of clean, nontoxic, anosis worm; Digging the disconnected piece root that digs wound separately deposits.
Harvesting standard: do not fracture with piece root, have no mechanical damage, be advisable without the piece root of earth.
After receiving, arrange: after having gathered, separate commodity ginseng, to be processed; Stop seed ginseng, plant.
Cleaning field: remove residue and weeds after radix pseudostellariae is excavated, output planting site is digged pit buried outward.
Cultivation technique is planted by the lower wild change of northeast radix pseudostellariae of described Chinese chestnut hat man, does not comprise preliminary working process, can adopt traditional piece root tired soft, cleaning, blanching, be exposed to the sun, rubs with the hands unhairing method for root and carry out preliminary working.
Cultivation technique is planted by the described lower wild change of northeast radix pseudostellariae of Chinese chestnut hat man, also can comprise following radix pseudostellariae seed collection, storage and vernalization technical step:
Seed collection: wild radix pseudostellariae is bloomed annual April, May ~ June fruit maturation, the ripe cracking of capsule, seed is easily scattered, and is difficult to collect, and should gather in time; At any time the fruit that is about to cracking is cut together with carpopodium, treated fruit atmospheric crack, collect seed; Be dried 10 ~ 15 days at room ventilation lucifuge place, complete physiology after-ripening;
Cryopreservation: will complete the dry seed of physiology after-ripening, be sub-packed in envelope paper bag, carry out mark, wrap filling seed-bearing envelope paper bag Polypropylence Sheet, be positioned over the interior chilled storage of refrigerating chamber of refrigerator, complete athermobiosis. Radix pseudostellariae seed structure is special, and endosperm development is incomplete, needs physiology after-ripening and needs athermobiosis; Low temperature storage method can replace traditional sand and hide lamination method, has avoided seed Yin Gaowen to make moist and goes mouldy rottenly, sows can improve percentage of seedgermination in conjunction with the vernalization of surviving the winter, and germination percentage reaches 82%, has ensured the utilization ratio of seed;
The vernalization of surviving the winter: the seed after athermobiosis was sowed in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, after seed and plant ash are mixed thoroughly, is evenly spread on furrow face with hand, while sowing seeds hand apart from ground about 30cm, sow seeds along furrow face left and right, sow seeds as good with the wind, the density of sowing seeds is at 600 ~ 1000 Li/㎡, then be evenly sieved into fine earth with iron sieve, earthing 0.5 ~ 1cm is thick, and 2 ~ 3cm is thick for upper cover straw, should cover closely knit, be advisable to lose earth's surface, be beneficial to lucifuge; On straw, press wooden stick, prevent from that high wind from blowing to turn over; Water once permeable, with heat and moisture preserving; Lucifuge and heat and moisture preserving are beneficial to presprouting of seeds and sprout.
Detailed description of the invention:
Embodiment:
(1) germ plasm resource and propagating materials
Germ plasm resource: species radix pseudostellariae is pinkwort caryophyllaceous ginseng (pseudostellaria heterophylla)Pseudostellariaheterophylla(Miq.) Pax; Germplasm origin is wild kind in Dandong.
Propagating materials: the propagating materials of radix pseudostellariae is underground root of wild radix pseudostellariae of excavating.
Seed selection: select that diameter > 2mm, stalwartness, bud head are full, not damaged, the piece root of causing harm without disease and pest plant.
(2) cultivation
Selection of land: garden, Fengshan height above sea level 260m, 7 ° of gradient >, existing irrigation conditions, has again drainage condition. Be positioned at 123 ° 33 of east longitude '-123 ° 48 ', 40 ° 08 '-40 ° 17, latitude ' between, 8.2 DEG C of year-round average temperatures, 34.9 DEG C of Extreme Maximum Temperatures, the extreme lowest temperature-26.8 DEG C, average annual 160 days frost-free periods, average annual precipitation 860 ~ 1230mm, annual sunshine time 2200 hours, 3300 ~ 3400 DEG C of more than 10 DEG C accumulated temperature. Garden soil property is sandy loam, soil weight 0.95g.cm-3, field capacity 21%, ventilation cell size 43%; Soil pH value 4.89, the content of organic matter 3.79%, total nitrogen content 0.32%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 257.91mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 8.45mg/kg, available potassium 110.62mg/kg. The Chinese chestnut age of tree 10 ~ 20 years.
(3) plant
Plant period: taking after autumn (late October) plant as main, spring (at the beginning of 4 months) cultivation is auxiliary, piece root with rise be advisable with cultivation.
Whole ground before planting: remove in Li Yuan the foreign material such as chestnut weeds, shrub, tree root and stone in the ranks in early October or carry out whole ground after preceding crop results, ted.
Basal dressing: mu spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 3000kg, fertilizer should meet NY/T496 regulation. After broadcast application, plough degree of depth 30cm.
Plant to go and arrange: do the ridge of line-spacing 45cm at Chinese chestnut tree in the ranks, and suppress ridge face; Ridge line number number according to Chinese chestnut tree, in the ranks width and Chinese chestnut tree are beneficial to as radix pseudostellariae shades, is beneficial to the good growth of radix pseudostellariae and determine.
Plant root processing: seed ginseng is planted the previous day, with 500 times of immersions bubble kind of root 30min of 50% carbendazim, pull out and drain away the water, then clean residual liquor with clear water, slightly dry surface water and wait to plant.
Planting patterns: adopt drilling to plant, excavate two ditches of dark 9cm along ridge, seed ginseng is put into the ditch having excavated by spacing in the rows 6cm, while putting, bud head-up, is tiltedly put into ditch, upright position, kind of a parameter 30kg for mu; To be placed with the ditch of seed ginseng, cover seed ginseng with the fine earth in furrow, thickness of earth-fill cover is 7cm, i.e. the dark 7cm of earthing above bud head, after earthing with hoe compacting ridge face soil gently.
(4) field management
Safe overwintering: the Beginning of Winter front-and rear-view soil moisture, suitably water 1～2 time, prevent arid, safe overwintering.
Weeding is filled the gaps with seedlings: after emerging, annual early April is carried out shallow surface cultivation weeding for the first time, can implement to fill the gaps with seedlings in conjunction with loosening the soil. Intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, dig gently with spud, sort out weeds, take manually to weed out the rank grass later. See that grass just pulls out, keep ginseng field without weeds.
Water management: spring, arid was watered once permeablely, noted timely draining rainy season.
The ridging of topdressing: the fertile or base manure amount foot in soil, generally need not topdress, a little less than seedling, can be in mid-April, cake fertilizer 30～40kg that every mu of use is become thoroughly decomposed executes with soil is mixed. From empty ditch, shovel fine earth with scuppit or spud and train in ridge face, note not hurting seedling, ridging thickness is 1～1.5cm.
(5) excavate results
Collecting time: it is slow that the radix pseudostellariae of the Northeast falls seedling, trees, the weeds place of giving shade radix pseudostellariae suffer frost just withered. In conjunction with producing the coming year, can reduce seed ginseng and preserve management link, adopt the method for planting while digging, excavate results in late October, Harvesting Years is a growth cycle. Fresh 220kg of mu results.
The weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate.
Collecting method: with down digging along the cross section on ridge with bidentate pick or four tooth palladiums, dark 20cm～25cm, the radix pseudostellariae piece root digging out, removes the earth on piece root in time, packs in the basket of clean, nontoxic, anosis worm; Digging the disconnected piece root that digs wound separately deposits.
Harvesting standard: do not fracture with piece root, have no mechanical damage, be advisable without the piece root of earth.
After receiving, arrange: after having gathered, separate commodity ginseng, to be processed; Stop seed ginseng, plant.
Cleaning field: remove residue and weeds after radix pseudostellariae is excavated, output planting site is digged pit buried outward.
Claims (2)
1. cultivation technique is planted by the lower wild change of northeast radix pseudostellariae of a Chinese chestnut hat man, comprise the following steps: (one) cultivation field selects (1) edaphic condition to require: the soil texture is advisable with sandy loam, avoid rich clay, pH value 4.5 ~ 6.0, the content of organic matter >=3.6%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=110mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >=5.5mg/kg, available potassium >=90mg/kg; Do not build garden at radix pseudostellariae second crop soil, 1 year crop rotation phase is implemented to soil in Ruo Jian garden, and crop rotation method adopts: radix pseudostellariae-sweet clover-radix pseudostellariae; Soil environment quality must meet " National Environmental quality standard " (GB15618～1995) one-level or secondary standard; (2) other environmental requirement of the place of production: field air ambient requires: air is pollution-free, meets " atmosphere quality requirement " (GB3095～1996) one-level or secondary standard; Condition of water quality requires: having can be for water source and the facility of irrigating, water nonpollution, and irrigation water quality reaches country's " field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB3095～1985) secondary or standard above grade 2; Home environment should accord with DB330727/T010-2003; (3) field planning: division, road and the irrigation and drainage system that comprises the section of planting arranges etc.; (4) field is selected: the suitable age of tree of Chinese chestnut tree of Chestnut Orchard 3 ~ 30 years, canopy density 0.5 ~ 0.7; The Chestnut Orchard gradient≤30 °, soil thickness >=25cm; (5) the row setting of planting: the gentle slope Chestnut Orchard that gradient < is 7 °, by the concrete slope aspect design row of planting; The row of planting extends and arranges by contour when the gradient >=7 °, by the non-farming boundary belt of 10m interval setting >=1m; (2) seed ginseng breeding (seminal propagation method): (1) seed treatment: wild radix pseudostellariae is bloomed annual April, May ~ June fruit maturation, the ripe seed of gathering at any time, at room ventilation lucifuge place, dry 10 ~ 15d, completes physiology after-ripening; To complete the dry seed of physiology after-ripening, be positioned over the interior chilled storage of refrigerating chamber of refrigerator, complete athermobiosis; (2) selection of land: chosen distance Chestnut Orchard is near, and physical features comparatively smooth broad " two road famines " as nursery for well; Avoid preceding vegetable ground; (3) basal dressing: before whole ground, the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed is sprinkled evenly on whole good plot as base manure, turn over or manually plough under in ground with ploughing, then deep plough, more than degree of depth 20cm, harrow carefully, harrow even; Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2000kg, and fertilizer should meet NY/T496 regulation, comprises compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, people and animals (fowl) muck etc. must can use after harmless treatment; (4) wholely: rake is turned in deep ploughing, behind whole ground, by wide, the high 20cm bedding of 90cm, length 9m, 30cm(operation road, furrow interval); (5) sowing: sow in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, after seed and plant ash are mixed thoroughly, be evenly spread on furrow face with hand, while sowing seeds hand apart from ground about 30cm, sow seeds along furrow face left and right, sow seeds as good with the wind, the density of sowing seeds is at 900 ~ 1200 Li/㎡, then be evenly sieved into fine earth with iron sieve, earthing 0.5 ~ 1cm is thick, and 2 ~ 3cm is thick for upper cover straw, should cover closely knit, be advisable to lose earth's surface, be beneficial to lucifuge; Water once permeable, with heat and moisture preserving; (6) seedbed management: radix pseudostellariae germinateed in mid-March in spring, must note watering; After emerging, throw off lid grass, strengthen seedbed management, take the high canopy of 1.5m with sunshade net and give shade, prevent from being exposed to the sun; In the time there is 2 leaflets, spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate secondary, every minor tick 6 ~ 7d; To the feeding-up seedbed of growing in 4 ~ May in conjunction with the thinning of hoeing up weeds, weeding hand-lifting or shallow hoe, avoid injuring tender shoots for the first time, keeps bed surface without weeds, makes growth of seedling stalwartness; Annual root can be used as produces cultivation with planting; (3) seed ginseng is selected: the piece root that seed ginseng source is seminal propagation, also can excavate wild radix pseudostellariae piece root, and choose the piece root of sturdy good diameter > 2mm to plant; Vegetative root plantation, after 3 years, should not be stayed and do seed ginseng; (4) plant: plant period (1): taking after autumn (late October) plant as main, spring (at the beginning of 4 months) cultivation is auxiliary, piece root with rise be advisable with cultivation; (2) plant before whole ground: remove in Li Yuan the foreign material such as chestnut weeds, shrub, tree root and stone in the ranks in early October or after preceding crop results, carry out whole ground, ted; (3) basal dressing: mu spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 3000kg, fertilizer should meet NY/T496 regulation; After broadcast application, plough degree of depth 30cm; (4) plant row arrange: do the ridge of line-spacing 45cm at Chinese chestnut tree in the ranks, and suppress ridge face; Ridge line number number according to Chinese chestnut tree, in the ranks width and Chinese chestnut tree are beneficial to and determine for radix pseudostellariae shades, is beneficial to the good growth of radix pseudostellariae; (5) plant root processing: select healthy and strong, bud head is full, the good seed ginseng of not damaged, the thick > 2.0mm of causing harm without disease and pest, seed ginseng is planted the previous day, with 500 times of immersion bubble kind of root 30min of 50% carbendazim, pull out and drain away the water, then clean residual liquor with clear water, slightly dry surface water and wait to plant; (6) planting patterns: adopt drilling to plant, excavate two ditches of dark 9cm along ridge, seed ginseng is put into the ditch having excavated by spacing in the rows 6cm, while putting, bud head-up, is tiltedly put into ditch, upright position, kind of a parameter 30kg for mu; To be placed with the ditch of seed ginseng, cover seed ginseng with the fine earth in furrow, thickness of earth-fill cover is 7cm, i.e. the dark 7cm of earthing above bud head, after earthing with hoe compacting ridge face soil gently; (5) field management: (1) safe overwintering: the Beginning of Winter front-and rear-view soil moisture, suitably water 1～2 time, prevent arid, safe overwintering; (2) weeding is filled the gaps with seedlings: after emerging, annual early April is carried out shallow surface cultivation weeding for the first time, can implement to fill the gaps with seedlings in conjunction with loosening the soil; Intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, dig gently with spud, sort out weeds, take manually to weed out the rank grass later; See that grass just pulls out, keep ginseng field without weeds; (3) water management: spring, arid was watered once permeablely, noted timely draining rainy season; (4) ridging of topdressing: the fertile or base manure amount foot in soil, generally need not topdress, a little less than seedling, can be in mid-April, cake fertilizer 30～40kg that every mu of use is become thoroughly decomposed executes with soil is mixed; From empty ditch, shovel fine earth with scuppit or spud and train in ridge face, note not hurting seedling, ridging thickness is 1～1.5cm; (6) excavate results: (1) collecting time: it is slow that the radix pseudostellariae of the Northeast falls seedling, trees, the weeds place of giving shade radix pseudostellariae suffer frost just withered; In conjunction with producing the coming year, can reduce seed ginseng and preserve management link, adopt the method for planting while digging, excavate results in late October, Harvesting Years is a growth cycle; Mu can be gathered in the crops fresh 200～300kg; (2) weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate; (3) collecting method: with down digging along the cross section on ridge with bidentate pick or four tooth palladiums, dark 20cm～25cm, the radix pseudostellariae piece root digging out, removes the earth on piece root in time, packs in the basket of clean, nontoxic, anosis worm; Digging the disconnected piece root that digs wound separately deposits; (4) harvesting standard: do not fracture with piece root, have no mechanical damage, be advisable without the piece root of earth; (5) receive rear arrangement: after having gathered, separate commodity ginseng, to be processed; Stop seed ginseng, plant; (6) cleaning field: remove residue and weeds after radix pseudostellariae is excavated, output planting site is digged pit buried outward.
2. radix pseudostellariae seed collection, storage and vernalization technical step:
Seed collection: wild radix pseudostellariae is bloomed annual April, May ~ June fruit maturation, the ripe cracking of capsule, seed is easily scattered, and is difficult to collect, and should gather in time; At any time the fruit that is about to cracking is cut together with carpopodium, treated fruit atmospheric crack, collect seed; Be dried 10 ~ 15 days at room ventilation lucifuge place, complete physiology after-ripening; Cryopreservation: will complete the dry seed of physiology after-ripening, be sub-packed in envelope paper bag, carry out mark, wrap filling seed-bearing envelope paper bag Polypropylence Sheet, be positioned over the interior chilled storage of refrigerating chamber of refrigerator, complete athermobiosis; Radix pseudostellariae seed structure is special, and endosperm development is incomplete, needs physiology after-ripening and needs athermobiosis; Low temperature storage method can replace traditional sand and hide lamination method, has avoided seed Yin Gaowen to make moist and goes mouldy rottenly, sows can improve percentage of seedgermination in conjunction with the vernalization of surviving the winter, and germination percentage reaches 82%, has ensured the utilization ratio of seed; The vernalization of surviving the winter: the seed after athermobiosis was sowed in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, after seed and plant ash are mixed thoroughly, is evenly spread on furrow face with hand, while sowing seeds hand apart from ground about 30cm, sow seeds along furrow face left and right, sow seeds as good with the wind, the density of sowing seeds is at 600 ~ 1000 Li/㎡, then be evenly sieved into fine earth with iron sieve, earthing 0.5 ~ 1cm is thick, and 2 ~ 3cm is thick for upper cover straw, should cover closely knit, be advisable to lose earth's surface, be beneficial to lucifuge; On straw, press wooden stick, prevent from that high wind from blowing to turn over; Water once permeable, with heat and moisture preserving; Lucifuge and heat and moisture preserving are beneficial to presprouting of seeds and sprout.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410567349.3A CN105580585B (en) | 2014-10-23 | 2014-10-23 | Chinese chestnut is preced with the wild change man of lower northeast radix pseudostellariae and plants cultural method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410567349.3A CN105580585B (en) | 2014-10-23 | 2014-10-23 | Chinese chestnut is preced with the wild change man of lower northeast radix pseudostellariae and plants cultural method |
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| CN105580585A true CN105580585A (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| CN105580585B CN105580585B (en) | 2018-12-25 |
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