CN101755655B - High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof - Google Patents
High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and a trimming method thereof. As a whole, the tree form is of high slender spindle shape. After an apple tree is formed, the crown diameter of the apple tree is small, slender and high. The apple tree is 3.5-4.0m high and the trunk of the apple tree is 0.8-0.9m high. Thirty to fifty spirally arranged small boughs are grown on the central leading trunk of the apple tree. The average length of the small boughs is 1m. The average angle between the central trunk and the small bough is 115 degrees. The top-to-bottom spacing among the small boughs on the same side is 0.25m. The trimming method of the high slender spindle-shaped tree form is simple. Other boughs require no decapitation but branch drawing except that the central trunk requires short-cutting in winters in 1-2 years. Thereby, the trimming method can be popularized in tree forms of simplified trimming and low labor strength.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to apple tree pruning technique field, relate to a kind of high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof.
Background technology
The orchard of the wide capable dense planting of short anvil is the trend and direction of world's apple development, is the important symbol of the modern apple industry development in the world.Except that China, short anvil dense planting is cultivated in newly-built orchard substantially by world's apple major country of production man, has accounted for the apple gross area more than 80% in many countries short anvil orchard.China promotes short anvil dense planting since the eighties, present short anvil orchard area has accounted for the national apple gross area 8.1%, estimates will be increased to more than 30% in 10 years from now on.
Although the development experience that the apple of China is tree-like three periods such as natural globular model, three scaffold limb semicircles, spindle and happy shape, the semicircle and happy shape of natural globular model, three scaffold limbs is fit to the application in Qiaoization thin planting orchard.In the tree-like General Result evening in Qiaoization thin planting orchard, skeleton is big, and the life-span is long.And fully different from the pruning technique in Qiaoization thin planting orchard, the tree-like General Result in the wide row dense planting of short anvil orchard early, skeleton is few, it is fast to update.China has promoted improved-spindle, free spindle and slender spindle-shaped tree-like in short anvil, wide row dense planting orchard over nearly 20 years, but these 3 kinds tree-like technical difficulty height, shaping is time-consuming takes a lot of work, the production cost height.
Fruit tree center, Yiyuan County, Shandong Province Wang Hui (deciduous fruit tree, 2009 the 4th phases) report carries out the shaping of treelet weeping willow formula, area 1.3hm to red fuji apple
2After the shaping of treelet weeping willow formula, dried high 1 meter, about 3 meters of the height of trees.3 layers on major branch, down, in, upper strata major branch number is respectively 2,3,4,1.6 meters of crown diameters.Mainly take to carve bud, draw, take, slow put etc. make branch be sagging shape.This is the tree-like of a kind of high investment high production, and it is big to apply difficulty.
The little cutting edge of a knife or a sword of Jingchuan County, Gansu Province fruit industry office's history (Shanxi fruit tree, the 5th phase in 2009) report to the dense planting young apple orchard of seeding row spacing 1.5-2 * 4 meter, adopts " pinecone type " shaping methods can realize being shaped in 3 years, enter in advance fruiting period in 1 year, entered high yield period in 2 years in advance.3.5 meters of tree heights, trunk height 0.9-1 rice is being set the major branch of giving birth to 20-23 uniaxial extension entirely, and more than the major branch spacing 10cm, spiral escalation is arranged, and directly cultivates the droop fruit-bearing shoot cluster on the major branch.Full tree is divided 3 layers, and bottom major branch 8-9, about 1.5 meters of length, base angle 90-100 degree; Middle part major branch 7-8, about 1 meter of length, base angle 100-110 degree; Top major branch 5-6, length 0.6-0.8 rice, base angle 110-130 degree.But this tree-like layering is cultivated, and the branch growing way is difficult to control.And early ageing occurs easily after being shaped, be difficult to use aborning.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof, this kind is tree-like to be a kind of the newly tree-like of the wide capable dense planting of short anvil apple orchard that be suitable for, its pruning technique meet tree body skeleton by changeable less, prune the developing direction that becomes letter by numerous, help the popularization in the wide capable apple orchard of national short anvil.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form, the whole tree-like high slender spindle-shaped shape that is, the height of tree 3.5～4.0m, the high 0.8～0.9m of trunk, tree crown up and down even crown diameter are 2m, crown height 3.0～4.0m; The little major branch that 30～50 helical arrangement are arranged is done by central authorities, fruitful branch direct give birth on little major branch; Little major branch base diameter maximum is no more than 3cm, and little major branch average length is 1m, and the average angle of doing with central authorities is 115 °, and the little major branch of homonymy between the upper and lower distance is 0.25m.
The long 1.2m of little major branch of described tree crown bottom, the angle of doing with central authorities is 100 °～110 °; The long 1.0m of little major branch at tree crown middle part, the angle of doing with central authorities is 110 °～120 °; The long 0.8m of little major branch on tree crown top, the angle of doing with central authorities is 120 °～130 °.
Described central authorities do and ratio 5～7: 1 with the little major branch base diameter at position, fruit bearing shoot spacing 10～15cm that homonymy is adjacent, and the long shoot of setting vegetative shoot entirely: middle branch: the quantitative proportion of brachyplast is 1: 1: 8.
The apple tree branch amount of staying in the fall high slender spindle-shaped after the described shaping is 800～900 of every strains.
Described tree crown top maintains the vertical branch that sends shoot quantity 4～5% then.
A kind of shaping and trimming method of high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form, with the density of every mu 100～120 strain with the capable field planting of the short anvil width of seedling shoot of apple tree after, its tree-like pruning may further comprise the steps:
1) fixed doing and pruning in 1 year
If adopt the nursery stock of life in 2 years, after field planting, surely do from full bud before the Sprout period; If adopt the nursery stock of life in 3 years, indefinite doing or tip-tap head during field planting removed main centre and done the branch that upper length surpasses 30cm;
After the rudiment, hold up straight nursery stock with rod or bamboo pole, make the nursery stock vertical growth; Pull open angle when side shoot length reaches 25～30cm, the folder of doing with central authorities is 90～110 °; Remove central authorities and sprout branch between doing from ground to 80cm, and remove the above same orientation of 80cm between the upper and lower apart from the branch less than 25cm;
Remove central authorities during winter pruning and do the strong young sprout that is sent, stay the stub of 1cm when removing, make wheel trace bud inspire weak branch; Keep length 30cm with interior weak branch; The dried cutting back 5～10cm of central authorities leader;
2) Second Year is pruned
Second Year spring, carve bud at the not enough place of the dried branch of central authorities or daubing medicament inspires branch, at the exhibition leaf initial stage, wipe out the terminal bud of the branch of reservation, relax the shoot growth gesture;
Remove the branch of sprouting that central authorities send between doing from ground to 80cm again, remove the above homonymy of 80cm between the upper and lower apart from the branch less than 25cm, for the branch of blooming inflorescence is all removed, keep fruit platform sublateral shoot; Little major branch by the tree crown bottom is 100 °～110 ° with the central angle of doing, the little major branch at tree crown middle part is 110 °～120 ° with the angle that central authorities do, and the little major branch on tree crown top is that 120 °～130 ° branches that central authorities are done draw branch with the angle that central authorities do;
During winter pruning, remove central authorities and do the strong side tip that sends then, stay the stub of 1cm when removing, make wheel trace bud inspire weak branch; Keep central authorities and do upper length 50cm with interior weak branch; The dried cutting back 5～10cm of central authorities leader;
3) pruned in the 3rd year
Pruning between the 3rd year spring to autumn is identical with Second Year;
During winter pruning, remove central authorities and do the strong young sprout that sends then, stay the stub of 1cm when removing, the length 50cm that sends then on reservation central authorities are dried is with interior little major branch; The little major branch of homonymy keeps the spacing of 25cm up and down; The central authorities leader does no longer cutting back;
4) pruned in the 4th year
Pruning between the 3rd year spring to autumn is identical with 1 year; And after spring, flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out in the strain of blooming, per mu yield is controlled at 500～1000kg;
During winter pruning, keep the dried little major branch that sends of central authorities, the little major branch in homonymy position keeps up and down the spacing of 25cm; The central authorities leader does or else cutting back;
5) renewal pruning after the shaping
Along with the age of tree increases, remove central authorities and doing the little major branch that the base diameter of giving birth to surpasses 3cm, remove the tree crown lower length and surpass 1.2m, tree crown middle part length and surpass the little major branch that 1.0m and tree crown upper length surpass 0.8m, remove the paxilla that stays 1cm when the branch of middle and lower part is done by central authorities; By drawing branch adjustment to make the little major branch of tree crown bottom and the central angle of doing remain 100 °～110 °, the little major branch at tree crown middle part remains 110 °～120 ° with the angle that central authorities do, and the little major branch on tree crown top remains 120 °～130 ° with the angle that central authorities do.
Described to the fruit tree after being shaped adopt the limit cultivate method that cincture changes carry out branch pruning so that the little major branch of lifes in 5～6 years rotate year by year, the sagging fruitful branch on the retraction major branch, the rejuvenating fruitful branch is so that fruitful branch was rotated once in 4～5 years; The weak branch at top is done by annual by turns central authorities, keeps central authorities to do the weak branch in top for head, and makes the tree crown top maintain the vertical branch that sends then branch quantity 4～5%.
The shaping and trimming method of described high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form, pruned the back height of tree in 1 year and reach 2～2.5m, pruned the back height of tree in 1 year and reach 2.8～3.3m, pruned the back height of tree in the 4th year and reach 3.5～4.0m, little major branch leaves 30～50, and fruit tree enters the fruit phase just; Fruit tree entered the full bearing period in the 7th to eight year.
Describedly at the bud at quarter in 4 years of Second Year to the be:
Front 15 days of the rudiment of mid-March to early April is done every 3～5 buds buds at quarter in central authorities; Annual annual little major branch two lateral buds are carved buds every 3～5 buds, the branch that back and the lower bud of the back of the body are sent removes or controls its growth.
The described medicament of smearing is branching promoter for plant or sends out the branch element.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technical effects:
1, high finespun hammer disclosed by the invention is tree-like is a kind of the newly tree-like of the wide row dense planting of short anvil orchard that be applicable to, whole tree is high slender spindle-shaped state; Crown width after the shaping is little and thin and tall, and bearing capacity is strong, and little major branch is done spirality along central authorities and distributed, and no scaffold limb exists, and illumination is abundant, and efficiency of light energy utilization height can guarantee that central authorities see sunlight on doing, and the thorax illumination condition is fabulous in the tree crown; Directly stay fruitful branch on the little major branch, do not stay fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the inside and outside thorax fruit size of tree crown is consistent, fruit quality is consistent, and the high quality fruit rate is high.
2, high finespun hammer provided by the invention is tree-like is that a kind of being applicable to improved the tree-like of apple production, quality, orchard planting density height at first, compare slender spindle-shaped tree-like 80～100 strains of same short anvil dense planting orchard planting, high spindle can reach 100～120 strains for every mu, and density is greatly improved; Secondly the reservation of major branch number reaches 30～50, has exceeded the number of 15～20 branches of slender spindle-shaped reservation; Direct the fruit bearing shoot of giving birth on the major branch again, the thorax illumination condition is good in the tree crown, fruit size, uniform quality, percent rate of high quality fruit height; Can reach the full bearing period in 7,8 years, output is controlled at 3000～4000 kilograms of/mu (666.7m
2).And this tree-like incubation is very fast, general 3 years a small amount of results just, and per mu yield in the 4th year is more than 500 kilograms, and some orchard of managing is up to 1500 kilograms, enters than other tree-like morning 2～4 years high yield period.
The former Beijing Agricultural University whole nation the most famous fruit tree expert Shen Juan professor's paper was talked about in " apple is downgraded needs several problems of studying in the dense planting development ": " result of the test shows; branch age is children's fruit bearing shoot; bearing capacity is strong; fruit quality is good " (the Zhengzhou fruit tree is compiled, " the fruit tree stock collection of thesis " of Shaanxi science and technology publishing house in 1985 publication).High slender spindle-shapedly constantly carry out little major branch renewal pruning, make fruitful branch be in all the time children's state, so tree-like output height, fruit quality is good, and general full haw rate tree-likely exceeds more than 20% at least than other.
3, the tree-like trimming method of high finespun hammer provided by the invention is simple, does the young cutting back of 1-2 except that crossing central authorities, and other branches are not all taken the lead, and have only drawn branch just; In time remove when the branch diameter surpasses 3cm, only need cultivate new branch in addition, the method that adopts limit cultivation cincture to change is upgraded rejuvenation.
Since China apple producing region many on the limit, the distant mountain district, have inconvenient traffic, the orchard worker is older, schooling is below general junior middle school, reaction is slow, poor memory, promote simplify prune and the high finespun hammer of low labour intensity tree-like very necessary.
Embodiment
It is tree-like to the invention discloses a kind of new high finespun hammer that is applicable to the wide capable dense planting of short anvil orchard, and below in conjunction with the description of tree structure and the method for pruning are done specific description to the present invention, the explanation of the invention is not limited.
Dried, the branch that the present invention relates to are done following explanation:
Trunk: from more than the ground to the part of giving birth to first branch on trunk or trunk.
Central authorities do: also being central authorities leader's branch (doing), is the make progress key branch of vertical growth of the prolongation of trunk and tree crown center.
The bottom 1/3 of height of tree crown is the tree crown bottom, and middle part 1/3 is the middle part of tree crown, and top 1/3 is the top of tree crown.
Little major branch: therefrom understand tacitly and lead that branch is upper to divide born diameter less than 3cm, Spiral distribution from the bottom up on central authorities leader's branch, as interim skeleton branch branch be little major branch.
Vegetative shoot also is growth branch, developmental branch, is sprouted by leaf bud to form, and does not yield positive results then.Nutrition branch is divided into again the long, medium and short branch because of its growing state difference.Brachyplast length is below 5cm, and joint is short and thick, stops growing early, and it is easy to form bud; Middle branch (the middle tip) length more easily forms bud between 5～15cm; Length is more than 15cm for long shoot (the long tip), and photosynthetic capacity is stronger, easily form axillary bud on top, but the nutrient accumulation time is short, most of axillary bud poorly differentiated, and it is also slower to bloom.Apple sapling is long, in, the shared quantitative proportion of brachyplast, can reflect the growth result situation of setting body.
High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form disclosed by the invention, the whole tree-like high slender spindle-shaped shape that is, the height of tree 3.5～4.0m, the high 0.8～0.9m of trunk, tree crown even crown diameter up and down are 2m, crown height 3.0～4.0m; The little major branch that 30～50 helical arrangement are arranged is done by central authorities, fruit bearing shoot direct give birth on little major branch, vegetative shoot is grown on the fruit bearing shoot; Little major branch base diameter maximum is no more than 3cm, and little major branch average length is 1m, and the average angle of doing with central authorities is 115 °, and the little major branch of homonymy distance between the upper and lower is 0.25m.
The long 1.2m of little major branch of tree crown bottom, the angle of doing with central authorities is 100 °～110 °; The long 1.0m of little major branch at tree crown middle part, the angle of doing with central authorities is 110 °～120 °; The long 0.8m of little major branch on tree crown top, the angle of doing with central authorities is 120 °～130 °.The tree crown top maintains the vertical branch (top of tree crown is meant tree crown highest point position, generally is the highest point on tree crown top) that sends a quantity 4～5% then; And branch is thin and weak person's (length 50cm is following) angle is less, the thick and powerhouse (more than the length 80cm) of branch, and angle is bigger.
Direct the fruit bearing shoot of giving birth to does not stay the fruit bearing shoot group on the little major branch, and fruit bearing shoot keeps 125 °～130 ° with central dried spreading angle, fruit bearing shoot spacing 10～15cm that homonymy is adjacent; The high slender spindle-shaped apple tree branch amount of staying in the fall in back that is shaped is 800～900 of every strains, long, in, brachyplast ratio 1: 1: 8.
Form below by contrast is described in detail, high finespun hammer tree-like with other common several tree-like specifically be compared as follows shown in, wherein the height of tree and trunk is more as shown in table 1, major branch more as shown in table 2.
The high finespun of table 1 is hammered comparison tree-like and other tree-like height of trees and trunk into shape
| Tree-like | Cultivated form | Planting density (strain/mu) | The height of tree (m) | Do high (m) | Heading height (m) | Central authorities do the winter and cut processing |
| High slender spindle-shaped | Short anvil | More than 100 | 3.5-4 | 0.8-0.9 | 0.9-1 | Generally do not cut, weak person can cut |
| Slender spindle-shaped | Short anvil | 80-100 | 3-3.5 | 0.7-0.8 | 0.8-0.9 | Light pruning 2-3 |
| Free spindle | Tall anvil or half short anvil | 40-80 | 3-3.5 | 0.7-0.8 | 0.7-0.8 | Light pruning 3-4 |
| The happy shape of coronule | Tall anvil | 20-40 | 2.5-3 | 0.9-1.2 | 0.7-0.8 | The head that falls is happy |
The high finespun of table 2 is hammered comparisons tree-like and other tree-like major branches into shape
| Tree-like | Major branch quantity (individual) | Major branch angle (degree) | The length of major branch (m) | Major branch with in do the thickness ratio | The homonymy major branch is distance between the upper and lower | The branch that stays after the shaping is measured (individual/strain) |
| High slender spindle-shaped | 30-50 | 100-130 | 0.8-1.2 | 1: 5-7 | 0.25 | 800-900 |
| Slender spindle-shaped | 15-20 | 90 | 1-1.5 | 1: 4-5 | 0.5 | 1000-1100 |
| Free spindle | 10-15 | 80-90 | 1.5-2 | 1: 2-3 | 0.7 | 1100-1200 |
| The happy shape of coronule | 4-7 | 80-90 | 3-4 | 1: 2 | 1.0 | 600-700 |
Shaping and trimming method to high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form of the present invention is described in detail below, with the density of every mu 100～120 strain with apple tree after the capable field planting of short anvil width of seedling shoot, its tree-like pruning may further comprise the steps:
1) fixed doing and pruning in 1 year
If adopt the nursery stock of life in 2 years, after field planting, surely do from full bud before the Sprout period; If adopt the nursery stock of life in 3 years, indefinite doing or tip-tap head during field planting removed central authorities and done the branch that upper length surpasses 30cm;
After the rudiment, hold up straight nursery stock with rod or bamboo pole, make the nursery stock vertical growth; Pull open angle when side shoot length reaches 25～30cm, the folder of doing with central authorities is 90～110 °; Remove central authorities and sprout branch between doing from ground to 80cm, and remove the above same orientation of 80cm between the upper and lower apart from the branch less than 25cm;
Remove central authorities during winter pruning and do the strong young sprout that is sent, stay the stub of 1cm when removing, make wheel trace bud inspire weak branch; Keep length 30cm with interior weak branch.The central authorities leader does gently cutting back 5～10cm.
2) Second Year is pruned
Second Year spring, carve bud or daubing medicament (branching promoter for plant or send out branch plain) at the not enough place of the dried branch of central authorities and inspire branch, at the exhibition leaf initial stage, wipe out the terminal bud that keeps branch, relax a branch gesture, prevent prosperous length;
Sprout branch between central authorities do from ground to 80cm and remove (80cm is above to be kept), remove homonymy between the upper and lower apart from less than the 25cm branch; For the branch of blooming inflorescence is all removed, keep fruit platform sublateral shoot; Little major branch by the tree crown bottom is 100 °～110 ° with the central angle of doing, the little major branch at tree crown middle part is 110 °～120 ° with the angle that central authorities do, and the little major branch on tree crown top is that 120 °～130 ° branches that central authorities are done draw branch with the angle that central authorities do;
During winter pruning, remove central authorities and do the strong young sprout that sends then, stay the stub of 1cm when removing, make wheel trace bud inspire weak branch, keep central authorities and do upper 50cm with interior weak branch; Too weak also can promoting its flourishing at full bud place cutting back done by central authorities; Make the height of tree reach 2.8～3.3m; The centre leader does gently cutting back 5～10cm.
Described quarter, bud was specially:
Between mid-March to early April, do every 3～5 buds buds at quarter in central authorities; Annual to annual major branch both sides bud at quarter, but the back of the body is lower and back can not be carved bud, (does not have good illumination and nutrition supply under carrying on the back, does not generally stay branch because the branch that these buds are sprouted is useless; Back stays branch, and easily vertical growth goes out prosperous branch, affect illumination), the branch that back and the lower bud of the back of the body are sent removes or controls its growth, to save nutrient, the quality that improves effective branch with improve illumination condition.
3) pruned in the 3rd year
The 3rd year spring (referring to spring) is identical with Second Year to the pruning in autumn; The branch branch growth (if enriching shoot appears in top, namely branch base portion rugosity will remove greater than doing thick 1/5 with position central authorities when above) on top is done by strict control central authorities.
During winter pruning, remove central authorities and do the strong young sprout that sends then, stay the stub of 1cm when removing, keep central authorities and did the length 50cm that sends then with interior major branch (major branch that central authorities send on doing then remove the by force prosperous place that removes, and all the other can all keep); Before rudiment bud is carved at central authorities dried baldness position, impelled central dried major branch helical arrangement, the major branch growth potential is kept in balance, homonymy position major branch keeps up and down the spacing of 25cm;
General 3 years living centres of tree are done in principle no longer cutting back, if upper shoot does in central authorities difficulty takes place, and serious baldness phenomenon are arranged, suitably cutting back.
4) pruned in the 4th year
Pruning between the 4th year spring to autumn is identical with the 3rd year; And after spring, flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out in the strain of blooming, per mu yield is controlled at 500～1000kg; During winter pruning, keep the dried major branch that sends of central authorities, the little major branch in homonymy position keeps the spacing of 25cm up and down.
Pruned the back height of tree in 1 year and reach 2～2.5m, pruned the back height of tree in 1 year and reach 2.8～3.3m, pruned the back height of tree in the 4th year and reach 3.5～4.0m, little major branch leaves 30～50, and shaping is finished substantially, and fruit tree enters the fruit phase just; If tree vigo(u)r a little less than, remove bud spring, postponed the result 1 year; Fruit tree entered the full bearing period in the 7th to eight year.
5) renewal pruning after the shaping
Along with the age of tree increases, remove central authorities and doing the little major branch that the base diameter of giving birth to surpasses 3cm, remove the tree crown lower length and surpass 1.2m, tree crown middle part length and surpass the little major branch that 1.0m and tree crown upper length surpass 0.8m, remove the paxilla that stays 1cm when the branch of middle and lower part is done by central authorities; By drawing branch adjustment to make the little major branch of tree crown bottom and the central angle of doing remain 100 °～110 °, the little major branch at tree crown middle part remains 110 °～120 ° with the angle that central authorities do, and the little major branch on tree crown top remains 120 °～130 ° with the angle that central authorities do.
Adopt the limit cultivate method that cincture changes carry out branch pruning so that the little major branch of lifes in 5～6 years rotate year by year, the sagging fruit branch on the retraction major branch, the rejuvenating fruitful branch is so that fruitful branch was rotated once in 4～5 years; The weak branch at top is done by annual by turns central authorities, keeps central authorities to do the weak branch in top for head, and makes the tree crown top maintain the vertical branch that sends then branch quantity 4～5%.
It is simple that high finespun provided by the invention is hammered tree-like pruning method into shape, and the cutting back, other branches are not all taken the lead, and have only drawn branch just in crossing the dried 1-2 of central authorities; In time remove and cultivate in addition new branch when branch thick surpasses 3cm, the method that adopts limit cultivation cincture to change is carried out rejuvenating; Be suitable in the tree-like popularization of simplifying pruning and low labour intensity.
Claims (5)
1. the shaping and trimming method of a high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form is characterized in that, with the density of every mu 100～120 strain with the capable field planting of the short anvil width of seedling shoot of apple tree after, its tree-like pruning may further comprise the steps:
1) fixed doing and pruning in 1 year
If adopt the nursery stock of life in 2 years, after field planting, surely do from full bud before the Sprout period; If adopt the nursery stock of life in 3 years, indefinite doing or tip-tap head during field planting removed central authorities and done the branch that upper length surpasses 30cm;
After the rudiment, hold up straight nursery stock with rod or bamboo pole, make the nursery stock vertical growth; Pull open angle when side shoot length reaches 25～30cm, the folder of doing with central authorities is 90～110 °; Remove central authorities and sprout branch between doing from ground to 80cm, and remove the above same orientation of 80cm between the upper and lower apart from the branch less than 25cm;
Remove central authorities during winter pruning and do the strong young sprout that is sent, stay the stub of 1cm when removing, make wheel trace bud inspire weak branch; Keep length 30cm with interior weak branch; The dried cutting back 5～10cm of central authorities;
2) Second Year is pruned
Second Year spring, carve bud at the not enough place of the dried branch of central authorities or daubing medicament inspires branch, at the exhibition leaf initial stage, wipe out the terminal bud of the branch of reservation, relax the shoot growth gesture;
Remove the branch of sprouting that central authorities send between doing from ground to 80cm again, remove the above homonymy of 80cm between the upper and lower apart from the branch less than 25cm, for the branch of blooming inflorescence is all removed, keep fruit platform sublateral shoot; Little major branch by the tree crown bottom is 100 °～110 ° with the central angle of doing, the little major branch at tree crown middle part is 110 °～120 ° with the angle that central authorities do, and the little major branch on tree crown top is that 120 °～130 ° branches that central authorities are done draw branch with the angle that central authorities do;
During winter pruning, remove central authorities and do the strong side tip that sends then, stay the stub of 1cm when removing, make wheel trace bud inspire weak branch; Keep central authorities and do upper length 50cm with interior weak branch; The dried cutting back 5～10cm of central authorities;
3) pruned in the 3rd year
Pruning between the 3rd year spring to autumn is identical with Second Year;
During winter pruning, remove central authorities and do the strong young sprout that sends then, stay the stub of 1cm when removing, the length 50cm that sends then on reservation central authorities are dried is with interior little major branch; The little major branch of homonymy keeps up and down the spacing of 25cm; No longer cutting back is done by central authorities;
4) pruned in the 4th year
Pruning between the 4th year spring to autumn is identical with 1 year; And after spring, flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out in the strain of blooming, per mu yield is controlled at 500～1000kg;
During winter pruning, keep the dried little major branch that sends of central authorities, the little major branch in homonymy position keeps up and down the spacing of 25cm; Or else cutting back is done by central authorities;
5) renewal pruning after the shaping
Along with the age of tree increases, remove central authorities and doing the little major branch that the base diameter of giving birth to surpasses 3cm, remove the tree crown lower length and surpass 1.2m, tree crown middle part length and surpass the little major branch that 1.0m and tree crown upper length surpass 0.8m, remove the paxilla that stays 1cm when the branch of middle and lower part is done by central authorities; By drawing branch adjustment to make the little major branch of tree crown bottom and the central angle of doing remain 100 °～110 °, the little major branch at tree crown middle part remains 110 °～120 ° with the angle that central authorities do, and the little major branch on tree crown top remains 120 °～130 ° with the angle that central authorities do.
2. the shaping and trimming method of high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, to the fruit tree after being shaped adopt the limit cultivate method that cincture changes carry out branch pruning so that the little major branch of life in 5～6 years rotate year by year, sagging fruitful branch on the retraction major branch, the rejuvenating fruitful branch is so that fruitful branch was rotated once in 4～5 years; The weak branch at top is done by annual by turns central authorities, keeps central authorities to do the weak branch in top for head, and makes the tree crown top maintain the vertical branch that sends then branch quantity 4～5%.
3. the shaping and trimming method of high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, prune the back height of tree in 1 year and reach 2～2.5m, prune the back height of tree in 1 year and reach 2.8～3.3m, prune the back height of tree in the 4th year and reach 3.5～4.0m, little major branch leaves 30～50, and fruit tree enters the fruit phase just; Fruit tree entered the full bearing period in the 7th to eight year.
4. the shaping and trimming method of high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described bud at quarter at 1 year to the 4th year is:
Front 15 days of the rudiment of mid-March to early April is done every 3～5 buds buds at quarter in central authorities; Annual annual little major branch two lateral buds are carved buds every 3～5 buds, the branch that back and the lower bud of the back of the body are sent will remove or control its growth.
5. the shaping and trimming method of high slender spindle-shaped apple tree form as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described medicament of smearing is a branching promoter for plant or to send out branch plain.
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