CN106342641B - High spindle-shaped cultivation method for Chinese apples - Google Patents
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 244000134242 Malus prunifolia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 235000005087 Malus prunifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 4
- 240000006570 Euonymus japonicus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000016796 Euonymus japonicus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000001396 Malus hupehensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005057 Malus hupehensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 nursery stocks Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention researches and develops a Chinese apple high spindle-shaped cultivation method aiming at the problems of insufficient tree body height, excessively large lateral branches, high generation ratio of 'neck clamping' phenomenon, serious premature senility phenomenon and the like, and deeply analyzes the requirements of high spindle-shaped tree shapes based on Chinese nursery stock foundations.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of horticultural cultivation, in particular to a high spindle-shaped cultivation method for Chinese apples.
Background
The apple high spindle shape is taken as a main tree shape of a modern cultivation mode, is popularized and applied in a large area in European and American countries at present, and is introduced from abroad and popularized vigorously in China from about 2007.
Foreign high spindle tree culture generally pays attention to the following aspects: 1. constructing a garden by adopting a big seedling with 10-15 lateral branches and short branches; 2. the trunk is not cut off during planting, a plurality of larger lateral branches on the trunk are removed, and the left lateral branches are pulled to 110 degrees and 130 degrees, so that the principle is as follows: lateral branches exceeding half the diameter of the trunk need to be removed from the base; 3. pulling the annual lateral branches to 110-; 4. thinning out when the diameter of the lateral branches exceeds 3cm or retracting according to the tree shape requirement; 5. 3-5 lateral branches were pruned to basal renewal every year starting from year 4.
High spindle-shaped culture is performed at home, but a series of problems are caused because of differences in the aspects of ideas, soil, nursery stocks, water and fertilizer management, pest control, climate, agricultural machinery and the like compared with foreign at home. The main performance is as follows: 1. the seedling quality is poor and the high spindle-shaped culture is not easy to develop. In China, most of the dwarfing interstock gardens are built by adopting dwarfing interstock, and foreign dwarfing gardens with own rootstock and branch seedlings cannot be built. At present, in domestic, except for a very small part of orchards, which are built by directly importing large seedlings with branches, other orchards are basically built by 1-year or 2-year nursery stocks, and even more, the orchards are built by bud seedlings. 2. Over emphasizes the early bearing property of the dwarfing rootstock and the too large load capacity, which causes the old and small trees. Modern orchards built at present generally require fruits to be seen in 3 rd year and high yield in 4 th year. Because the growth of the dwarfing stock tree is weak, most of orchards do not have the flower and fruit thinning work in place, and the premature senility occurs because the load is too large. After the high-load production for more than 2 years, the proportion of the old and small trees is rapidly increased. 3. The lateral branches can be pulled to 110-130 degrees, and the lateral branches cannot be extremely short. The proportion of the early main branches and the lateral branches is not coordinated, the phenomenon of neck clamping limits the increase of the tree body, the height of the tree body is only about 2.5 meters, the height of the tree body does not reach the required height of a high spindle type and is more than 3.5 meters, the tree height is not enough, the number of the lateral branches is not enough, and the yield of the bearing part cannot be brought into play; the lateral branches are too large and the distance between the lateral branches is not enough, so that the lateral branches are closed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of insufficient tree body height, excessively large lateral branches, high generation ratio of 'neck clamping' phenomenon, serious premature senility phenomenon and the like, the invention researches and develops a Chinese apple high spindle-shaped cultivation method based on Chinese nursery stock foundation and deeply analyzes the requirement of high spindle-shaped tree shape.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: 1. a high spindle-shaped cultivation method of Chinese apples comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: building a garden for the big seedlings, and strengthening and drying the buds, wherein the step provides a foundation for the subsequent steps; in 3 months in the first year, dwarf interstocks with the diameter of more than 1cm or dwarf self-rooted rootstocks are used for seedling establishment and garden building, a strong bud is selected 90cm away from the ground, and 0.5cm of the strong bud is cut at the upper part of the strong bud;
the second step is that: the trunk is subjected to bud strengthening and trunk cutting once, and a bud-developing extremely heavy short section is left on the lateral branch, so that the material is provided for the third step and the fourth step; selecting and reserving a strong bud closest to the top end in the middle of an annual branch of a trunk before the early sprouting in 3 months in the next year, and cutting off the bud at 0.5cm above the middle; selecting a developing bud closest to the main trunk from the lateral branch, and cutting the upper part of the developing bud by a 0.5cm pole weight; note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch scissors is arranged at one side of the bud during pruning so as to avoid damaging the bud by extrusion.
The third step: bud carving is carried out on the trunk once, and lateral branches are promoted to grow, and the step provides conditions for the fifth step; after the second step, before sprouting, cutting the annual branches of the trunk (the annual trunk processed by the first step and the second step) upwards at the topmost part of the trunk, selecting full buds every 8-10cm, and sprouting at 0.5cm above the full buds; note that: the selected buds are distributed in the trunk in a spiral shape; the bud only cuts off the phloem without damaging the xylem.
The fourth step: performing one-time re-shearing and bud picking, wherein the step is further perfected in the second step, and meanwhile, a condition is set for the fifth step; and in the beginning of 4 months in the next year, if the lateral branches generated in the first step and the second step have hidden bud germination below the selected and remained bud, and the lateral branches are cut again until the upper part of a new bud closest to the main stem is 0.5cm, and the cutting is repeated: the first pruning is limited by various uncontrollable factors, and a certain insurance coefficient is left during pruning. The second trimming which is carried out for removing the safety part after the first trimming in a period of time and is more in accordance with the standard is called're-trimming'; if the lateral branch which is extremely heavy and truncated in the second step has hidden bud germination at the base part, the lateral branch is cut to the base part of the lateral branch again, and if a plurality of hidden buds germinate at the base part of the lateral branch, bud picking is carried out by adopting the principle of removing strong buds and leaving weak buds; note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch is arranged at the opposite side of the bud during the secondary shearing so as to avoid shearing the bud.
The fifth step: secondary bud strengthening and trunk fixation of the trunk, secondary extreme heavy truncation of lateral branches, and the step is a sixth preparation condition; selecting a strong bud closest to the top end from the middle part of the annual branch of the main trunk at the beginning of 3 months in the third year, and cutting off the bud at the upper part of the strong bud by 0.5 cm; carrying out secondary extreme truncation on the lateral branches generated by promotion in the second step, the third step and the fourth step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that in the second step;
and a sixth step: the trunk is carved with buds for the second time, promote the lateral branch, this step prepares the condition for the eighth step; after the fifth step, bud carving treatment is carried out on the annual branch parts of the trunk before sprouting, and the standard requirements are the same as the third step;
the seventh step: secondary re-shearing and bud picking, which is further perfected as a fifth step and provides materials for the eighth step; performing secondary re-shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches promoted in the fifth step at the beginning of 4 months in the third year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as the fourth step;
eighth step: pulling branches for one time, wherein the step provides materials for ten steps; in 7 th month and middle of the third year, pulling the lateral branches which pass through the fifth step of secondary extreme heavy truncation and the seventh step of secondary repeated shearing and bud picking to 110 plus 130 degrees by using an s-shaped open angle device;
the ninth step: the trunk is cut into three times of strong buds and the lateral branches are cut into three times of extreme heavy short, and the step provides materials for the tenth step; in the fourth year, 3 months, trunk cutting is carried out on annual branches of the main trunk, the standard requirement is the same as the second step, secondary extreme heavy cutting is carried out on lateral branches promoted by the extreme heavy cutting in the fifth step, and the standard requirement is the same as the fifth step; carrying out extremely heavy truncation on the lateral branches subjected to bud carving and germination promotion in the sixth step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that in the second step;
the tenth step: bud carving is carried out on the trunk for three times, and bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches for one time, and the step provides materials for the thirteenth step; after the ninth step is finished, before sprouting, sprouting in the fifth step is promoted to form annual stems generated by the treatment in the ninth step, and bud carving is carried out, wherein standard requirements are the same as the third step; bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches generated by the eighth step, and the standard requirements are the same as the third step;
the eleventh step: carrying out repeated shearing and bud picking for three times, wherein the step is further perfected in the ninth step; performing secondary shearing and bud picking on lateral branches generated by the extremely heavy truncation in the ninth step at the beginning of 4 months in the fourth year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the fourth step;
the twelfth step: secondary branch pulling, which is a preparation condition of the fourteenth step; in 7 th month, in the fourth year, carrying out branch pulling treatment on lateral branches generated by carrying out extremely heavy truncation again in the ninth step, carrying out re-shearing in the eleventh step and carrying out bud picking, wherein the standard requirements are eight steps;
the thirteenth step: the lateral branches are cut short again for four times, and the step is a preparation condition of the fifteenth step; carrying out secondary extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branch generated by the ninth extreme heavy truncation in the early fifth year, and carrying out extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branch generated by the tenth bud carving step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as the second step;
the fourteenth step is that: the lateral branch is cut bud for the second time to promote the new branch, and the step is further perfected in the twelfth step; bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches promoted by the tenth treatment before sprouting in the fifth year, and the standard requirements are the same as the tenth step;
the fifteenth step: performing four times of repeated shearing and bud picking, wherein the step is a preparation condition of the sixteenth step; carrying out re-shearing and bud picking on lateral branches generated by the extremely heavy truncation in the fourteenth step in the early fifth year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the fourth step;
sixteenth, step: pulling branches for three times, wherein the step is a preparation condition of the seventeenth step; carrying out branch pulling treatment on the lateral branches promoted in the fifteenth step in 7 th middle ten days of the fifth year, wherein the standards and requirements are the same as those in the eighth step;
seventeenth step: the side branches are cut into five times of extremely heavy short branches, and the step is a preparation condition of the nineteenth step; carrying out secondary extreme truncation on the lateral branches which are subjected to bud carving and sprouting promotion for three times and extreme truncation in the thirteenth step by the trunk in the beginning of 3 months in the sixth year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as the second step;
and eighteenth step: the lateral branches are carved with buds for three times to promote new branches, and the step is further perfected in the sixteenth step; bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches treated in the sixteenth step before sprouting in the sixth year so as to promote new branches;
the nineteenth step: repeating shearing and bud picking five times, which is further perfection of the seventeenth step; performing secondary shearing and bud picking on lateral branches generated by the seventeenth extremely heavy short-cut step in the early 4 th month of the sixth year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as the fourth step;
the twentieth step: drawing branches for four times, which is a condition for the twentieth step; in 7 months of the sixth year, branch pulling is carried out on the lateral branches selected and reserved after the seventeenth step and the nineteenth step, and the standard requirement is the same as that of the eighth step;
the twentieth step: the lateral branches are carved with buds for the fourth time to promote the new shoots, and the step is further perfected in the twentieth step; and (4) bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches treated in the twentieth step before sprouting in the seventh year, and the standard requirements are the same as those of the tenth step.
The invention discloses a side branch updating and pruning method integrating extreme heavy cutting, repeated shearing and bud picking, for example, a step two and a step four; step five and step seven; step nine and step eleven; thirteen step and fifteen step; the seventeenth step is used in combination with the nineteen step. The lateral branches are prevented from being lost due to improper extreme truncation by extreme truncation to the bud-appearing position; the mode that extremely heavy truncation combines with double shear, bud picking guarantees that the lateral branch grows in the trunk as far as possible, avoids the lateral branch to move outward: the early senescence phenomenon is reduced by remarkably pushing the early fruit stage through the extremely heavy truncation, and the incidence rate of the early senescence phenomenon is reduced to 0%.
A side branch 'secondary' extra heavy truncation method is invented, for example, the combination of the step two and the step five, the step five and the step nine, the step nine and the step thirteen, and the step thirteen and the step seventeen is used. The secondary extreme heavy cutting method is that the lateral branch generated by bud carving or natural germination on the main stem is required to be subjected to two times of extreme heavy cutting in the spring of the second year and the spring of the third year after the germination is generated, and then the lateral branch can be reserved. The proportion of the lateral branches to the main trunk is obviously reduced by a 'secondary' extremely heavy truncation method, and the thickness ratio of the lateral branches to the main trunk is less than one third and reaches 100 percent; the incidence rate of neck clamping by a secondary extremely heavy truncation method is reduced to 0 percent; the trunk height is obviously improved by combining a 'secondary' extremely heavy short-cut method and a primary trunk fixing method, and the trunk height reaches more than 3.5m by 100 percent.
The stem height can reach more than 3.5m through one-time bud strengthening and stem setting, three-time bud strengthening and stem cutting and three-time main stem bud carving, and the stem height is 0.5-1m higher than that of the traditional culture method. The number of lateral branches can reach 30-35, which is 10-20 higher than that of the existing cultivation method. In the traditional culture method, about 3 lateral branches are generally reserved from the first year, the number of the lateral branches reaches 5-7 in the second year, and then the number of the lateral branches is basically stable. The culture method of the invention generally leaves about 3 lateral branches from the third year, the number of the lateral branches in the fourth year is cultured to 12-15, the number of the lateral branches in the fifth year is cultured to 23-28, and the number of the lateral branches in the 6 th year reaches 30-35. Compared with the traditional culture method, if the thickening speed of the traditional culture method is basically consistent in the first four years under the condition that the water and fertilizer conditions are basically consistent in the position 20cm away from the ground, the thickening speed of the traditional culture method is slowed down due to the premature senility phenomenon from the fifth year, and the thickening is steadily and continuously under the culture of the traditional culture method. Compared with the traditional culture method, the thickening difference of the main stem at the position 1.5m away from the ground is very obvious, the thickening of the traditional culture method is very slow from the third year, and the thickening speed of the traditional culture method is kept to be basically the same as that of the position 20cm away from the ground, which shows that the tree form cultured according to the invention basically has no neck clamping phenomenon.
| Conventional culture method | China-based modern high spindle-shaped culture method | |
| 20cm thickness (cm) from the ground during planting | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Height at fixed planting time (m) | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| 20cm thickness (cm) of 1 year old ground | 2 | 2 |
| Height of 1 year (m) | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Number of 1 year old lateral branches | 3 | 0 |
| 20cm thickness (cm) of 2 years old off the ground | 3 | 3 |
| 2 years old off the ground 1.5m thickness (cm) | 1 | 1 |
| 2 years old height (m) | 2.5 | 2.2 |
| Number of lateral branches in 2 years | 5--7 | 0 |
| 20cm thickness (cm) above the ground for 3 years | 4 | 4 |
| 3 years old off the ground 1.5m thickness (cm) | 1.5 | 2 |
| 3 years old height (m) | 2.6 | 3.2 |
| Number of lateral branches growing in 3 years | 5--7 | 3 |
| 20cm thickness (cm) above the ground for 4 years | 5.2 | 5.2 |
| 1.5m thickness (cm) above the ground for 4 years | 1.6 | 3.2 |
| 4 years old height (m) | 2.6 | 3.7 |
| Number of 4-year-old lateral branches | 5--7 | 12--15 |
| 5 years old off the ground 20cm thick (cm) | 5.3 | 5.5 |
| 5 years old off the ground 1.5m thickness (cm) | 1.6 | 3.5 |
| Height of 5 years (m) | 2.6 | 3.7 |
| Number of 5-year-old lateral branches | 5--7 | 23-28 |
| 20cm thickness (cm) above ground for 6 years | 5.5 | 5.7 |
| 6 years old off the ground 1.5m thickness (cm) | 1.7 | 3.8 |
| 6 years old height (m) | 2.6 | 3.7 |
| Number of lateral branches in 6 years | 5——7 | 30-35 |
| 20cm thickness (cm) of 7 years old off the ground | 5.7 | 6 |
| 7 years old off the ground 1.5m thickness (cm) | 1.7 | 4 |
| 7 years old height (m) | 2.6 | 3.7 |
| Number of 7-year-old lateral branches | 5——7 | 30-35 |
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: M9T337 self-rooted rootstock Yanfu No. 3 modern apple orchard cultured by adopting method
Materials: stock: M9T 337; variety: yanfu No. 3
Time: 2008-2014; site of national apple engineering technology research center base
The process is as follows: in 2008, a garden is built with dwarf self-rooted rootstocks with the diameter of 1.2cm and No. 3 Yanfu seedlings. Selecting a strong bud about 90cm from the ground, and cutting off the bud 0.5cm above the bud. Selecting and reserving a strong bud closest to the top end in the middle of an annual branch of a trunk before the early germination in 3 months in 2009, and cutting off the bud at 0.5cm above the middle; and selecting a developing bud closest to the main stem from the lateral branch, and cutting the upper part of the developing bud by a 0.5cm pole weight. Note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch scissors is arranged at one side of the bud during pruning so as to avoid damaging the bud by extrusion. Before sprouting, branch parts of the trunk one year, namely the top cut completed in the previous year, are cut upwards, full buds are selected every 8-10cm, and buds are carved 0.5cm above the full buds. Note that: the selected buds are distributed in the trunk in a spiral shape; the bud only cuts off the phloem without damaging the xylem. And at the beginning of 4 months, if the generated lateral branches have hidden buds to sprout below the selected buds, and the lateral branches are cut again until the upper part of a new bud closest to the main stem is 0.5 cm. If the lateral branch with extremely heavy truncation has hidden bud germination at the base part, the lateral branch is cut to the base part of the lateral branch again, and if a plurality of hidden buds germinate at the base part of the lateral branch, bud picking is carried out by adopting the principle of removing strong buds and keeping weak buds. Note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch is arranged at the opposite side of the bud during the secondary shearing so as to avoid shearing the bud. Selecting and reserving a strong bud closest to the top end in the middle of an annual branch of a main stem at the beginning of 3 months in 2010, and cutting off the bud at the upper part by 0.5 cm; the lateral branches generated by promotion are subjected to secondary extremely heavy truncation, and the standard is the same as the above. Bud carving treatment is carried out on annual branches of the trunk before germination, and the standard is the same as the above. And (4) carrying out secondary re-shearing and bud picking on the promoted lateral branches at the beginning of 4 months, wherein the standard is the same as the above. In the middle 7 th month, the lateral branches after extremely heavy short cutting, repeated shearing and bud picking are pulled to 110-130 degrees by an s-shaped opening device. The branches of the trunk are cut off in the early 3 months in 2011, and the standard is the same as the above. Carrying out secondary extreme truncation on the lateral branches promoted by the extreme truncation, wherein the standard is the same as the above; the lateral branches whose bud cutting is promoted are cut into the extremely heavy branches with the same standard as above. Bud carving is carried out on the annual trunk before germination, and the standard is the same as the above; bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches, and the standard is the same as the above. And (4) performing double shearing and bud picking on the generated lateral branches at the beginning of 4 months, wherein the standard is the same as the above. And (4) carrying out branch pulling treatment on the lateral branches generated by carrying out extremely heavy truncation, repeated shearing and bud picking again in the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the standard is the same as the above. And performing secondary extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches generated by the extreme heavy truncation in early 3 months in 2012, and performing extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches generated by bud carving, wherein the standard is the same as the above. Bud carving treatment is carried out on the promoted lateral branches before germination, and the standard is the same as the above. And (4) carrying out repeated shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches generated by the extremely heavy short section in the beginning of 4 months, wherein the standard is the same as the above. And (4) carrying out branch pulling treatment on the lateral branches in the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the standard is the same as the above. And carrying out secondary extreme truncation on the lateral branches which are subjected to bud carving and sprouting promotion and extreme truncation for three times on the trunk in the early 3 months in 2013, wherein the standard is the same as the above. Carrying out bud carving treatment on the lateral branches before germination to promote new branches. And (4) carrying out secondary shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches generated by extremely heavy truncation at the beginning of 4 months, wherein the standard is the same as the above. And (5) branch pulling is carried out on the selected and remained lateral branches in 7 months, and the standard is the same as the above. And (4) bud carving is carried out on lateral branches before sprouting in 2014, and the high spindle tree is built according to the same standard.
Example two: modern apple orchard of Pingyi sweet tea base stock M9 interstock Fufu No. 3 cultured by adopting method
Materials: base stock: malus hupehensis Rehd; intermediate anvil: m9; variety: yanfu No. 3
Time: 2009-2015; yiyuan county Anxin farm
The process is as follows: in 2009, a garden is built with dwarfing self-rooted rootstock with the diameter of 1.2cm and No. 3 Yanfu seedlings. Selecting a strong bud about 90cm from the ground, and cutting off the bud 0.5cm above the bud. Selecting and reserving a strong bud closest to the top end in the middle of an annual branch of a main stem before the early germination in 3 months in 2010, and cutting off the bud at 0.5cm above the main branch; and selecting a developing bud closest to the main stem from the lateral branch, and cutting the upper part of the developing bud by a 0.5cm pole weight. Note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch scissors is arranged at one side of the bud during pruning so as to avoid damaging the bud by extrusion. Before sprouting, branch parts of the trunk one year, namely the top cut completed in the previous year, are cut upwards, full buds are selected every 8-10cm, and buds are carved 0.5cm above the full buds. Note that: the selected buds are distributed in the trunk in a spiral shape; the bud only cuts off the phloem without damaging the xylem. And at the beginning of 4 months, if the generated lateral branches have hidden buds to sprout below the selected buds, and the lateral branches are cut again until the upper part of a new bud closest to the main stem is 0.5 cm. If the lateral branch with extremely heavy truncation has hidden bud germination at the base part, the lateral branch is cut to the base part of the lateral branch again, and if a plurality of hidden buds germinate at the base part of the lateral branch, bud picking is carried out by adopting the principle of removing strong buds and keeping weak buds. Note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch is arranged at the opposite side of the bud during the secondary shearing so as to avoid shearing the bud. Selecting and reserving a strong bud closest to the top end in the middle of an annual branch of a trunk at the beginning of 3 months in 2011, and cutting off the bud at 0.5cm above the strong bud; the lateral branches generated by promotion are subjected to secondary extremely heavy truncation. Bud carving treatment is carried out on annual branches of the trunk before germination. And (5) carrying out secondary re-shearing and bud picking on the promoted lateral branches at the beginning of 4 months. In the middle 7 th month, the lateral branches after extremely heavy short cutting, repeated shearing and bud picking are pulled to 110-130 degrees by an s-shaped open-angle device. The branches of the trunk are cut off at the beginning of 3 months in 2012. Carrying out secondary extreme truncation on the lateral branches promoted by the extreme truncation; carrying out extremely heavy truncation on the lateral branches promoted by bud carving. Bud carving is carried out on the annual trunk before germination; bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches. And (4) carrying out secondary shearing and bud picking on the generated lateral branches at the beginning of 4 months. And (4) carrying out branch pulling treatment on the lateral branches generated by carrying out extremely heavy truncation, repeated shearing and bud picking again in the middle 7 th of the month. And performing secondary extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches generated by the extreme heavy truncation in the early 3 months in 2013, and performing extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches generated by bud carving. Bud carving treatment is carried out on the promoted lateral branches before germination. And (4) carrying out secondary shearing on the lateral branches generated by the extremely heavy short section in the beginning of 4 months, and bud picking. And (4) carrying out branch pulling treatment on the lateral branches in the middle 7 th of the month. And carrying out secondary extremely heavy truncation on the lateral branches which are subjected to bud carving and sprouting promotion for three times and extremely heavy truncation in the trunk at the beginning of 3 months in 2014. Carrying out bud carving treatment on the lateral branches before germination to promote new branches. And (4) carrying out secondary shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches generated by extremely heavy truncation at the beginning of 4 months. And (7) carrying out branch pulling on the selected and remained lateral branches in the month. And (5) bud carving is carried out on lateral branches before germination in 2015, and the high spindle tree is built.
Claims (1)
1. A high spindle-shaped cultivation method of Chinese apples is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: building a garden for large seedlings, and strengthening buds and fixing stems; in 3 months in the first year, dwarf interstocks with the diameter of more than 1cm or dwarf self-rooted rootstocks are used for seedling establishment and garden building, a strong bud is selected 90cm away from the ground, and 0.5cm of the strong bud is cut at the upper part of the strong bud;
the second step is that: the trunk is cut into branches after bud strengthening, and a branch with a strong bud is left on the lateral branch; selecting and reserving a strong bud closest to the top end in the middle of an annual branch of a trunk before the early sprouting in 3 months in the next year, and cutting off the bud at 0.5cm above the middle; selecting a developing bud closest to the main trunk from the lateral branch, and cutting the upper part of the developing bud by a 0.5cm pole weight;
the third step: bud carving is carried out on the trunk for one time, and lateral branches are promoted to grow; after the second step is finished, the branch part of the trunk is grown in one year before sprouting, namely the top cut finished in the previous year is upward, full sprouts are selected every 8-10cm, and sprouts are carved at the position 0.5cm above the full sprouts;
the fourth step: performing primary re-shearing and bud picking; in the beginning of 4 months in the next year, if the lateral branches generated in the first step and the second step have hidden bud germination below the selected and remained bud, the lateral branches are cut again until the upper part of the new bud closest to the main stem is 0.5 cm; if the lateral branch which is extremely heavy and truncated in the second step has hidden bud germination at the base part, the lateral branch is cut to the base part of the lateral branch again, and if a plurality of hidden buds germinate at the base part of the lateral branch, bud picking is carried out by adopting the principle of removing strong buds and leaving weak buds;
the fifth step: carrying out secondary bud strengthening and trunk fixing on the trunk, and carrying out secondary extreme truncation on the lateral branches; selecting a strong bud closest to the top end from the middle part of the annual branch of the main trunk at the beginning of 3 months in the third year, and cutting off the bud at the upper part of the strong bud by 0.5 cm; carrying out secondary extreme truncation on the lateral branches generated by promotion in the second step, the third step and the fourth step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that in the second step;
and a sixth step: carrying out secondary bud carving on the trunk to promote lateral branches; after the fifth step, bud carving treatment is carried out on the annual branch parts of the trunk before sprouting, and the standard requirements are the same as the third step;
the seventh step: secondary re-shearing and bud picking; performing secondary re-shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches promoted in the fifth step at the beginning of 4 months in the third year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as the fourth step;
eighth step: carrying out primary branch drawing; in 7 th month, in the third year, the lateral branches which pass through the fifth step of secondary extreme repeated truncation, the seventh step of secondary repeated shearing and bud picking are pulled to 110 plus 130 degrees by an s-shaped opening device;
the ninth step: three times of bud strengthening and trunk cutting of the trunk and three times of extreme heavy cutting of lateral branches; in the fourth year, 3 months, trunk cutting is carried out on annual branches of the main trunk, the standard requirement is the same as the second step, secondary extreme heavy cutting is carried out on lateral branches promoted by the extreme heavy cutting in the fifth step, and the standard requirement is the same as the fifth step; carrying out extremely heavy truncation on the lateral branches subjected to bud carving and germination promotion in the sixth step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that in the second step;
the tenth step: bud carving is carried out on the trunk for three times, and bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches for one time; after the ninth step is finished, before sprouting, sprouting in the fifth step is promoted to form annual stems generated by the treatment in the ninth step, and bud carving is carried out, wherein standard requirements are the same as the third step; bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches generated by the eighth step, and the standard requirements are the same as the third step;
the eleventh step: carrying out third-time repeated shearing and bud picking; performing secondary shearing and bud picking on lateral branches generated by the extremely heavy truncation in the ninth step at the beginning of 4 months in the fourth year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the fourth step;
the twelfth step: secondary branch pulling; in 7 th month, in the fourth year, carrying out branch pulling treatment on lateral branches generated by carrying out extremely heavy truncation again in the ninth step, carrying out re-shearing in the eleventh step and carrying out bud picking, wherein the standard requirements are eight steps;
the thirteenth step: side branches are cut into four times of extremely heavy short sections; carrying out secondary extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branch generated by the ninth extreme heavy truncation in the early fifth year, and carrying out extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branch generated by the tenth bud carving step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as the second step;
the fourteenth step is that: the secondary bud carving of the lateral branches promotes the development of new branches; bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches promoted by the tenth treatment before sprouting in the fifth year, and the standard requirements are the same as the tenth step;
the fifteenth step: performing four times of repeated shearing and bud picking; carrying out re-shearing and bud picking on lateral branches generated by the extremely heavy truncation in the fourteenth step in the early fifth year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the fourth step;
sixteenth, step: drawing branches for three times; carrying out branch pulling treatment on the lateral branches promoted in the fifteenth step in 7 th middle ten days of the fifth year, wherein the standards and requirements are the same as those in the eighth step;
seventeenth step: cutting the lateral branches into five times of extreme heavy cuts; carrying out secondary extreme truncation on the lateral branches which are subjected to bud carving and sprouting promotion for three times and extreme truncation in the thirteenth step by the trunk in the beginning of 3 months in the sixth year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as the second step;
and eighteenth step: the lateral branches are carved with buds for three times to promote new branches; bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches treated in the sixteenth step before sprouting in the sixth year so as to promote new branches;
the nineteenth step: performing secondary shearing and bud picking for five times, performing secondary shearing and bud picking for lateral branches generated by the seventeenth step of extremely heavy short-cut in the early 4 months of the sixth year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as the fourth step;
the twentieth step: drawing branches for four times; in 7 months of the sixth year, branch pulling is carried out on the lateral branches selected and reserved after the seventeenth step and the nineteenth step, and the standard requirement is the same as that of the eighth step;
the twentieth step: the fourth bud carving of the lateral branches promotes the growth of new shoots; and (4) bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches treated in the twentieth step before sprouting in the seventh year, and the standard requirements are the same as those of the tenth step.
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| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN105493915A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-20 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | Elongated pinecone apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN105557444A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2016-05-11 | 云南兴彬农业科技有限公司 | Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area |
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| CN101268748A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2008-09-24 | 杨聚德 | Spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple |
| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN105493915A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-20 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | Elongated pinecone apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN105557444A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2016-05-11 | 云南兴彬农业科技有限公司 | Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area |
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