CN102893836B - Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees - Google Patents
Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102893836B CN102893836B CN201210412149.1A CN201210412149A CN102893836B CN 102893836 B CN102893836 B CN 102893836B CN 201210412149 A CN201210412149 A CN 201210412149A CN 102893836 B CN102893836 B CN 102893836B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- branch
- major
- dry
- bud
- tree
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and a reshaping method for apple trees, which belong to the field of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology. The two-branch one-trunk forming method for the apple trees comprises the steps of cultivating each tree as high as 2.8m to 3.2m, and cultivating two main branches extending towards between lines on a middle trunk above the ground by 80cm to 100cm, thus forming an oblate conical crown. The two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method realizes close planting in wide lines, facilitates mechanical operation and labor-saving cultivation, reduces the labor cost, has high yield and good benefits compared with other tree forms with main branches in beginning ten years, and promotes the development of the dwarf apple trees.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pomology, fruit tree field of ecology, relate to a kind of apple tree two one dry tree-like, plant method for planting and shaping methods thereof.
Background technology
Apple tree is intolerant tree species, and be subject to light and the light of tree crown distribute to the Apple Fruit Quality important.Study the various tree-like maximum balanced uses to daylighting and dense planting is the important topic of field of planting always.Before the sixties in last century, world's apple be take Qiaoization thin planting as main, tree-like for evacuating layering shape, but exists early yield low, and the tree height is large, and management is taken a lot of work, administrative skill difficulty shortcoming.From the seventies, begin, world main product state generally implements to downgrade the dense planting system, every mu of 80-160 strain left and right of planting, and tree-like thin spindle-like, the high spindle-likes of adopting, also have a small amount of V font, Y-shaped more.These tree-like slight of statures, simple in structure, in the sagging fruit-bearing shoot cluster of dry upper directly cultivation, ventilation and penetrating light is good, but needs the frame material.
China has mainly promoted the Vigorating compact planting system, tree-like employing coronule is dredged layer shape, free spindle-like or improvement spindle-like, although these are tree-like less than evacuating layering shape tree crown, due to short, cuts too much, interlamellar spacing is little, and due in 3-5 boughs of the same age are arranged below dry, the phenomenon of seizing by the throat is serious, result is contained tree-like unrest of phase, cause orchard airtight, the problems such as ventilation and penetrating light is poor, and output of the fruit tree is low, of poor quality.The orchard worker is in order to increase output, takes to carve, shells, draws, the very complicated loaded down with trivial details technical measures such as the four seasons prune, the control hat of uprooting, but all do not receive ideal effect.Airtight due to orchard in addition, the orchard effect of spraying pesticide is poor, dosage is large, and natural enemy quantity reduces, and there is the hidden danger of quality safety in apple.In recent years, China some areas attempt intermediate cutting and tree-like transformation have been carried out in the closing orchard, by promoting, head falls, the measures such as density, original coronule is dredged to layer shape, free spindle-like, the improvement spindle-like is transformed into the happy shape of coronule, solved the ventilation and penetrating light problem, become loose long shaft type branch group by compact branch group, pruning technique is simple, but it is large that intermediate cutting changes shape process labor inputs, affect output in 1-2 years, the masses are difficult for accepting, and along with the transfer of rural laborer to city, the rural laborer is obviously not enough, tall anvil planting culture mode can not adapt to the development of modern fruit industry.
In recent years, although China obtains certain development aspect dwarfing culture, but because the investment of nursery stock and frame material is large, and China adopts dwarfing interstock, and dwarf degree is poor, growth potential is strong, in the treelet phase, emit bar many, draw branch, take branch, turn branch and take a lot of work, for emitting the bar branch to remove in time, while removing, rot, easily occur in the dry scar that causes of central authorities; Become horizontal of the length of time to constantly update.The treelet phase shaping amount of labour used is large, invest relatively high, all restricted to a certain extent the development of China's Apple Culture, make China's apple production and world apple production advanced country gap very large, as on the apple per unit area yield, only 847 kilograms of every mu of per unit area yields of China's apple, reach more than 3100 kilograms and Italy reaches 3300 kilograms, New Zealand; Aspect the Apple Export rate, Chinese apple outlet rate is 4%, and world advanced production state New Zealand Apple Export reaches 52%, and general national outlet rate reaches 25%, illustrates that China's apple orchard percent rate of high quality fruit is low, and the fresh fruit export ratio is low.
ZL200610012403.3 discloses a kind of short plant fruit tree trunk shape, manufacturing process and high density orchard method of construction, directly on the tree-like trunk comprised more than a strong trunk, dry rise ground 40-60 centimetre give birth to the 3 centimetres of 50-60 to 60 centimetres of varying lengths lateral junction fruit branches, trunk is 5-20:1 with the rugosity ratio of fruit bearing shoot, crown diameter is less than 1.3 meters, the height of tree is between 2-3 rice, and what it was taked substantially is to downgrade the dense planting technology.ZL201010230570.1 discloses a kind of " 3+1 tree form of pear tree and shaping methods thereof ", and its tree-like " selecting 3 major branches in three directions of base portion, horizontal sextant angle 120 degree between major branch " belongs to " circle is crown " substantially.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of comprehensive Qiaoization and downgrade various tree-like advantages, when making fruit tree and inside thereof be subject to light to greatest extent, improve tangled vegetation, reach all dry tree-like of two of excellent apple trees one of apple production and quality, plant and shaping methods that this is tree-like.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
Dry tree-like of two of a kind of apple trees one comprises:
The tree height is 2.8-3.2m, tree crown is oblate taper, in dry rise ground 80-100cm, dry subtend is cultivated two to the major branch extended in the ranks, two major branches can be forward or oblique, the mutual horizontal direction angle of two major branches is essentially 180 about degree, two major branches with in dry angle base angle be 70-80 degree, haunch is 60-70 degree, tip angle is 50-60 degree, directly cultivates the large, medium and small different sagging long-shaft type fruit-bearing shoot cluster of evacuation on two major branches.On dry in two major branch tops, cultivate 20-30 with in dry angle be greater than 90 degree, be less than the middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster of 130 degree.
Plant the method for two above-mentioned dry tree-like apple trees, take the method for directed and wide row dense planting to determine row, spacing in the rows, spacing in the rows dense planting to 1.3-1.5m but the north and south row is planted, line-spacing is 5-5.5m, two major branch Yan Zhengxi and positive east orientation in the ranks extend.
If being subject to landform to be restricted to the East and West direction row, orchard plants, but spacing in the rows dense planting to 1.3-1.5m, line-spacing is 5-5.5m, and two major branches are oblique, and one of the north towards northeast, and one of south towards southwest, and branch is diagonal to the major branch between adjacent two row and distributes.
Cultivate the dry tree-like method of two of above-mentioned apple trees one, comprising:
(1) determining of seeding row spacing: adopt wide row planting culture method to plant, spacing in the rows 1.3-1.5m wherein, line-spacing 5-5.5m plants;
(2) fixed dry: select 3 years livings seedlings, fixed dry between 1-1.2m, and also the 4th bud and the 5th bud selection are selected direction in the ranks while surely doing, and the 2nd bud and the 3rd bud are erased;
(3) First Year is pruned: the following rudiment of 80cm of erasing in time, when the plagiotropic growth on central doing grows to 30cm, choosing is cultivated as permanent shape major branch towards the branch of two stalwartnesses of in the ranks growing, two major branches and in dry do not take branch or turn a branch processing, turn branch from base portion without exception for the plagiotropic growth of excessively strong competitive branch and other sagging, control growth, dry in aiding the strong;
Draw branch: in September, when two major branches grow to the 60cm left and right, being drawn branch, make its base angle reach the 70-80 degree, plants in north and south, and two major branches pull to due east and Zheng Xi; Two major branches that thing is planted are northeast and southwest, and facing mutually two row major branches is that diagonal is arranged, and major branch length is less than not drawing of 50cm, to Second Year, draws again;
Dry and to two major branches that in the ranks extend in only staying when the winter cuts, the without exception neat root of other branch removes, in dry elongated shoot cut and cut at autumn growth half full bud place, and the 2-3 bud of erasing, dry overstriking in promotion, inhibitor and competition branch growth;
2 major branches that stay, to weak length below 50cm, can cut and cut at taper half full bud place, the 2-3 bud of erasing, the inhibitor and competition branch promotes the major branch growth, and little major branch is surpassed more than 50cm, does not cut and cuts, tree-like skeleton forms then;
(4) Second Year is pruned:
Carve bud: in late March to mid-April, carry out, the bud on dry in first carving, every 7-15 days, then carve 2 buds on little major branch, in dry upper from clip, below 20cm, be carved into apart from above more than the 10cm of a major branch, carve a bud every a bud; Two major branches stay 20cm at base portion respectively, carve to taper 20cm, and above the bud of the both sides of branch, carve with hacksaw blade at the 0.5cm place;
Bud picking: the rudiment of the major branch back of erasing in time and the rudiment on trunk;
The support toothpick: in branch on dry with toothpick, support while growing to 20-25cm, open base angle;
Take branch or turn branch: in May, to August, competitive branch, adnation young sprout on the dry and major branch of centering are taken branch or turn branch;
Sparse branching: remove competitive branch and water sprout, in limb on dry and major branch than the competitive branch and the upright water sprout that surpass 1/2, after late August, remove;
Draw branch: for two major branches, can when length is 0.8-1.2m, draw branch, making base angle is 80-90 degree, and haunch is 60-70 degree, since September, in adnation branch on dry move 95-130 to and spend;
Winter cuts: in removing, on dry upper and major branch, limb is than competitive branch, the water sprout of the adnation branch exceeded standard and end reason, and all branches delay to put without exception not to be cut;
Within (5) the 3rd years, prune:
Carve bud: on the annotinous branch of dry and two major branches and the scarce branch position bud at quarter of lifes in 2 years;
Bud picking: the major branch back bud of erasing;
Toothpick support: in carry out when living branch grows to 20-25cm then on dry, making base angle is 90 degree;
Take branch or turn branch: position and method were with the 2nd year;
Girdling: the kind that becomes flower for difficulty in late May to early June, in dry or major branch base portion girdling, control shoot growth, promote to bind, promote into colored;
Draw branch and winter shear method the same 1 year;
(6) the 4th years and later pruning and cultivation and the renewal of fruit-bearing shoot cluster:
Major branch is permanent branch, when major branch reaches Len req, and can stay 3-5cm at major branch elongated shoot base portion after large result, and at flat bud, place heavily cuts, and central dry arrival desired height and while bearing fruit in a large number changes head with weak;
The cultivation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster and renewal: in the middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster of dry upper directly cultivation, but in middle sprig group on dry can not be pressed on following major branch, cultivate loose long shaft type fruit-bearing shoot cluster on two major branches, branch group slow putting is not year after year cut, result is after 3-5 years continuously, when fruit tongue sublateral shoot is weak, bounce back again, if near the shoot group is arranged, can remove weak branch group and allow the shoot group replace.
The present invention adopts wide row planting culture apple tree, spacing in the rows 1.3-1.5m, and line-spacing 5-5.5m plants, and mu is planted the strain number in 81-103 strains, and this is basis and first key technology of two form shapings;
Select 3 years livings seedlings when surely dry, fixed dry between 1-1.2m, and also the 4th bud and the 5th bud selection are selected direction in the ranks while surely doing, and the 2nd bud and the 3rd bud are erased, and this is second key technology of two form shapings;
When First Year is pruned, the rudiment of erasing in time below 80cm, when the plagiotropic growth on central doing grows to 30cm, choosing is cultivated as permanent shape major branch towards the branch of two stalwartnesses of in the ranks growing, if the north and south row is planted, two major branch orientation are defined as due east Zheng Xi, if thing is capable, plant, two major branch orientation are northeast and southwest, two major branches and center are dry does not take branch or turns the branch processing, turn branch from base portion without exception for the plagiotropic growth of excessively strong competitive branch and other sagging, control growth, doing this in aiding the strong is the 3rd key technology;
The method for drawing branches of major branch: autumn then, two major branches grow to 60cm when above, move its base angle to the 70-80 degree, and two major branches are unbalanced, can first draw one strong, weak major branch draws and makes it two major branch balances to Second Year.Two major branches planting in north and south in positive west and due east to extension in the ranks, two major branches that thing is planted are oblique, be one of the north towards northeast, one of south towards southwest, branch is diagonal to the major branch between adjacent two row and distributes, do like this shading phenomenon of having avoided the due south branch, the garden looks are neat.In 2-4 autumn, move the haunch of two major branches to the 60-70 degree, the 50-70 degree is moved at tip angle to, and this is the 4th key technology;
Winter shaping and trimming method: dry and to two major branches that in the ranks extend in only staying when the First Year winter cuts, the without exception neat root of other branch removes, in dry elongated shoot cut and cut at autumn growth half full bud place, and the 2-3 bud of erasing, dry overstriking in promotion, the inhibitor and competition branch growth, 2 major branches that stay, to weak length below 50cm, can cut and cut at taper half full bud place, the 2-3 bud of erasing, the inhibitor and competition branch promotes the major branch growth, little major branch is surpassed more than 50cm, do not cut and cut, tree-like skeleton forms then, winter pruning later, two major branches with in dry slow putting without exception, this is the 5th key technology,
Cultivation and renewal to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, in the middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster of dry upper directly cultivation, but in middle sprig group on dry can not be pressed on following major branch, otherwise affect the growth result of major branch, cultivate loose long shaft type fruit-bearing shoot cluster on two major branches, large, medium and small collocation is reasonable, tiltedly life, level, sagging branch are organized straggly orderly, branch group slow putting is not year after year cut, continuously result, after 3-5 years, bounces back when fruit tongue sublateral shoot is weak again, if near the shoot group is arranged, can remove weak branch group and allow the shoot group replace, this is the main points technology.
The present invention has received existing several main tree-like advantage, overcomes its deficiency, is mainly reflected in:
Receiving coronule to dredge a layer shape, free spindle-like, improvement spindle-like tree crown base portion has major branch, the advantage that tree vigo(u)r is sane, setting fruit position is many, overcome the base portion major branch too much, can not realize dense planting, and compact branch group cuts too much due to short, emits the scarce limit that bar is many;
Receive on the happy shape major branch of coronule and to cultivate the long-shaft type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, simplify prune, the sane advantage of tree body, and overcome its thin planting and cause early yield low, change the slow shortcoming of shape process;
Receive thin spindle-like, high spindle-like, trunk shape ventilation and penetrating light, be convenient to the characteristics of management operations, high yield and high quality, overcome the scarce limit that needs the frame material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention realized in the situation that major branch is arranged, and can realize plant the on an equal basis wide row dense planting of strain number of unit are without major branch is tree-like with stunted tree; The apple stunted tree without the thin spindle-like of major branch, trunk shape planting density mostly in 1.5-2 * 4-4.5m left and right, mu is planted the strain number between 74-110 strains, and the present invention is tree-like, owing to there is no major branch in row, but spacing in the rows dense planting to 1.3-1.5m, line-spacing is wider, be 5-5.5m, suitable with thin spindle-like, the trunk shape mu strain number of planting, realized wide row dense planting, line-spacing is more than 3 times of spacing in the rows, is convenient to do mechanization operation and Labor-saving cultivation, reduced labour cost, simultaneously high, profitable than other the output that the tree-like previous decade of major branch is arranged;
The present invention has reduced the height of tree, has raised trunk, is convenient to management, result, has improved the economic benefit in orchard, and two a form height of tree 3.5-4ms tree-like by other are reduced to 3m.Convenient management so not only, flower and fruit thinning, bagging, harvesting recruitment have been reduced, the energy safety work, and trunk height is brought up to 80-100cm left and right by 50-70cm, improved like this tree crown base portion ventilation and penetrating light environment, also be beneficial to and cultivate the major axis fruit-bearing shoot cluster, easy management, improved efficiency.
The present invention does not need the frame material to drop into, saved production cost, promoted to downgrade the further popularization of dense planting technology, thin spindle-like, high spindle-like, the V font, Y-shaped, trunk shapes etc. are downgraded tree-like because of tree-like tall and thin, do not have major branch to help, so need the frame material to support, otherwise the central authorities leader is dry crooked not straight, affect Tree growth and orchard regularity, even blowing hard, the Hai Huishi center is dry to fracture, and two forms are due to oriented two major branches that in the ranks extend, resemble the both wings of aircraft, two wings of bird are the same, played the effect of balanced tree body, dry upright in making, do not need the frame material to drop into, only this every mu cost-saving 800-1500 yuan, even more, current, the maximum bottleneck that restricts short anvil Fruit Trees Development is exactly that nursery stock and frame material drop into, the research of technique can be accelerated the popularization in short anvil orchard greatly.
Because China is located in north latitude degree area, take north and south to embark on journey, to the major branch in the ranks extended, directly daylighting, light-receiving time, intensity significantly improve, and take subtend to cultivate two major branches simultaneously, between spacing in the rows, can shorten according to conventional techniques, improve planting density.Take the present invention to train major branch for a certain area, make all major branches be positive Xiping, due east row straight line or oblique diagonal angle parallel lines, the garden looks are neat, branch is non-cross, and two major branch symmetrical balances, hat phenomenon partially not, due to two large major branches being arranged, force is disperseed, and the tree body is sane, emits bar few, easy formation level, oblique living, sagging fruit-bearing shoot cluster, mu branch amount is large, and middle brachyplast is many, easily becomes flower, result, can reduce recruitment and the preventing and treating rot disease expense of pruning ahead of time.
Another effect of the present invention is to have overcome coronule to dredge layer shape, free spindle-like, improvement spindle-like etc. has tree-like " seizing by the throat " phenomenon of major branch and the mu few shortcoming of strain number of planting, these are several tree-likely has a major branch large more than 3 due to following, so seeding row spacing is many between 2.5--3 * 4m, mu is planted the strain number in 55-66 strains, can not desirable dense planting, affect early yield, and three scaffold limb phenomenon of can seizing by the throat, and two forms are shaped fast, within 1 year, form skeleton, within 3 years, the tree body is shaped, owing to only having 2 major branches, than other have the tree-like base portion of major branch few 1-3 major branches, so can make spacing in the rows narrow down, " seizing by the throat " phenomenon can not occur, make upper and lower tree vigo(u)r equilibrium, and there is no a side shoot, ventilation and penetrating light is good, rational in infrastructure, tree-like simple, convenient management,
On the advantage that medium and small shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated the dry tops, tree-like centers such as thin spindle-like, high spindle-like, trunk shape in this invention and the happy shape major branch of coronule, the advantage of cultivation loose long shaft type fruit-bearing shoot cluster realizes perfect adaptation, branch group inserted part and branch group quantity had both been increased, simplified again pruning technique, method is easily grasped, easy to utilize.
Present technique is looked into new through the retrieval of Institute of Science & Technology Information of Shanxi of country-level Novelty Search Reference unit, there is not yet the open source literature report.
In sum, the present invention has realized oblate taper tree crown and wide row dense planting, is convenient to daylighting, be convenient to do mechanization operation and Labor-saving cultivation, reduced labour cost, simultaneously high, profitable than other the output that the tree-like previous decade of major branch is arranged, promote to downgrade the development of apple tree.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that two forms are surely dry;
Fig. 2 cuts in two form First Year winters;
Fig. 3 cuts in two form Second Year winters;
Fig. 4 cuts in the 3rd year winter of two forms;
Fig. 5 cuts in the 4th year winter of two forms.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Dry tree-like of two of a kind of apple trees as shown in Figure 5 comprises:
The tree height is 2.8-3.2m, tree crown is oblate taper, do in dry rise ground 80-100cm and above cultivate two to the major branch extended in the ranks, two major branches can be forward or oblique, the horizontal sextant angle of two major branches is 180 degree, directly cultivate the large, medium and small different sagging long-shaft type fruit-bearing shoot cluster of evacuation on two major branches, cultivate on dry in two major branch tops 20-30 with in dry angle be greater than 90 degree, be less than the middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster of 130 degree.
Described two major branches with in dry angle base angle be 70-80 degree, haunch is 60-70 degree, tip angle is 50-60 degree.
Its shaping methods as Figure 1-5, comprises the following steps:
One, plant:
Determining of seeding row spacing: with Fuji, be experimental cultivar, apple tree can adopt spacing in the rows 1.3-1.5m, and line-spacing 5-5.5m plants, i.e. wide row planting culture;
Fixed dry: select 3 years livings seedlings, fixed dry between 1-1.2m, and also the 4th bud and the 5th bud selection are selected direction in the ranks while surely doing, and the 2nd bud and the 3rd bud are erased;
Two, First Year is pruned:
The rudiment of erasing in time below 80cm, when the plagiotropic growth on central doing grows to 30cm, choosing cultivates as permanent shape major branch towards the branch of two stalwartnesses of growth in the ranks, if the north and south row is planted, two major branch orientation are defined as due east Zheng Xi, if thing is capable, plant, two major branch orientation are northeast and southwest, and two major branches and center be dry does not take branch or turn branch and process, and for excessively strong competitive branch and other plagiotropic growth, turn sagging from base portion without exception, control growth, dry in aiding the strong;
In September, when two major branches grow to the 60cm left and right, drawn branch, make its base angle reach the 70-80 degree, plant in north and south, and two major branches pull to due east and Zheng Xi; Two major branches that thing is planted are northeast and southwest, and facing mutually two row major branches is that diagonal is arranged, and major branch length is less than not drawing of 50cm, to Second Year, draws again;
Dry and to two major branches that in the ranks extend in only staying when the winter cuts, the without exception neat root of other branch removes, in dry elongated shoot cut and cut at autumn growth half full bud place, and the 2-3 bud of erasing, dry overstriking in promotion, inhibitor and competition branch growth; 2 major branches that stay, to weak length below 50cm, can cut and cut at taper half full bud place, the 2-3 bud of erasing, the inhibitor and competition branch promotes the major branch growth, and little major branch is surpassed more than 50cm, does not cut and cuts, tree-like skeleton forms then;
Three, Second Year is pruned:
Carve bud: in late March to mid-April, carry out, the bud on dry in first carving, every about 10 days, then carve 2 buds on little major branch, in dry upper from clip, below 20cm, be carved into apart from above more than the 10cm of a major branch, carve a bud every a bud; Two major branches stay 20cm at base portion respectively, carve to taper 20cm, and above the bud of the both sides of branch, carve with hacksaw blade at the 0.5cm place;
Bud picking: the rudiment of the major branch back of erasing in time and the rudiment on trunk;
The support toothpick: in branch on dry with toothpick, support while growing to 20-25cm, open base angle;
Take branch or turn branch: in May, to August, competitive branch, adnation young sprout on the dry and major branch of centering are taken branch or turn branch, angle are opened a business, the slow growth gesture;
Sparse branching: remove competitive branch and water sprout, in limb on dry and major branch than the competitive branch and the upright water sprout that surpass 1/2, after late August, remove;
In September, two major branches are drawn to branch, making base angle is 70-80 degree, and haunch is 60-70 degree; And the adnation branch on dry in handle is moved 95-130 degree to;
Since September, in adnation branch on dry to move 95-130 degree to, naturally droop, do not pull into arc;
Winter cuts: in removing, on dry upper and major branch, limb is than competitive branch, the water sprout of the adnation branch exceeded standard and end reason, and all branches delay to put without exception not to be cut;
Four, within the 3rd year, prune:
Carve bud: on the annotinous branch of dry and two major branches and the scarce branch position of lifes in 2 years carve bud, carve bud method same the 2nd year;
Bud picking: the major branch back bud of erasing;
Toothpick support: in carry out when living branch grows to 20-25cm then on dry, making base angle is 90 degree;
Take branch or turn branch: position and method were with the 2nd year;
Girdling: in late May to early June, can in dry or major branch base portion girdling, control shoot growth, promote to bind, promote into colored;
Draw branch and winter shear method the same 1 year;
Five, the 4th year and later pruning and cultivation and the renewal of fruit-bearing shoot cluster:
Major branch is permanent branch, do not need to upgrade, to stay 1.5m operation road in the ranks, when major branch reaches Len req, and can stay the flat bud of 3-5cm heavily to cut at major branch elongated shoot base portion after large result, the Wei，Dang center of will moving in time that base angle, haunch and tip angle are not in place is dry to be arrived desired height and while bearing fruit in a large number, with weak, changes head;
The cultivation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster and renewal: in dry upper directly cultivate middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but in the middle sprig group done can not be pressed on following major branch, otherwise affect the growth result of major branch; Cultivate loose long shaft type fruit-bearing shoot cluster on two major branches, large, medium and small collocation is reasonable, and tiltedly life, level, sagging branch are organized straggly orderly, branch group slow putting is not year after year cut, and result, after 3-5 years, bounces back when fruit tongue sublateral shoot is weak again continuously, if near the shoot group is arranged, can remove weak branch group and allow the shoot group replace.
Embodiment 2
The inventor sets up the test garden in the demonstration of Wanrong County, Shanxi Province Gao Cun township Wang Ya new and high technology according to technical solution of the present invention, kind is that icy, loud, high-pitched sound are drawn, dense Fuji apple, adopting SH6 dwarfing interstock, base anvil is eight rib Malus spectabilis, and seeding row spacing is 1.5 * 5m, and the north and south row is planted.
First Year is pruned: heading height is 1-1.2m, and the 4th, the 5th bud direction is selected in the ranks, and the 2nd, the 3rd bud is erased; Have indivedual seedling heights inadequate, short the cutting in the full bud place of 60-70cm, take branch or turn branch summer to the adnation branch, controls growth, when the winter cuts except in dry, the without exception neat root of other branch removes, and by the heading height requirement, again surely does.
The dry following rudiment of 80cm during the season of growth removes in time; And will in the above horizontal branch of dry 80cm, while growing to 25-30cm, the branch of two stalwartnesses in positive west, due east of selecting and remain is cultivated as major branch, all the other branches turn branch from base portion without exception, make it sagging, or take branch softening, control growth,
In September, when two major branches grow to the 60cm left and right, drawn branch, make its base angle reach the 70-80 degree, two major branches pull to due east and just western major branch length is less than not drawing of 60cm, to Second Year, draw again;
Winter is while cutting, dry and two major branches cultivating in only staying, the without exception neat root of other branch removes, in do at autumn growth half full bud place and cut and cut, dry overstriking in promotion, and the 2nd, 3 buds of erasing; If slow the putting that two little major branch balances of power all surpass 50cm do not cut, if the strong and weak gaps of two major branch force are larger; Cutting back on weak little major branch, promote little major branch to grow; If only have two on a strain tree, dry in one, a major branch, adopt " the horse ear is cut " by this major branch, again goes out branch, then by opposite side in the ranks a bud of direction carved bud, cultivate new major branch.
Second Year is pruned: by technical scheme, carved bud, bud picking, support toothpick, take branch, turn branch, sparse branching.And two major branches are drawn to branch in the fall in good time, and making base angle is 70-80 degree, haunch is 60-70 degree; If two major branches growths are uneven, one strong, a little less than one, first draws stronger major branch, makes growth potential relaxed, and while waiting after a while two major branch growth potentials to approach, then draws weak major branch, to being Zheng Xi due east; In adnation branch on dry move 95-130 degree to, make its sagging result; Winter is while cutting, in removing on dry and major branch limb than the adnation branch and untreated competitive branch and the water sprout that surpass 1/2.
Within the 3rd year, prune: the budding period, in on the annotinous branch of dry and two major branches and the scarce branch position bud at quarter of lifes in 2 years, the major branch back bud of erasing after germination, when shoot grows to the base angle of the newborn skill of 20-25cm on dry in strutting with the bud label, to late May to early June, then take branch or turn branch and process, and in late May to early June, to icy and the therefrom dry or major branch base portion girdling of Fuji's kind, promote shoot to bind and flower bud differentiation; The same Second Year of other trimming method.
Within the 4th year, prune: what the base angle of two major branches, haunch and tip angle were not in place will move position in time to; Pruning take that sparse branching is gentle puts as main.
The cultivation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster and renewal, in dry upper directly cultivate sagging middle-size and small-size branch group, a group is spiral arrangement, non-cross and overlapping; Two major branches, by delay and put year after year, are cultivated loose long shaft type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and large, medium and small collocation is reasonable, removes in time competitive branch, water sprout and limb than the branch exceeded standard.
Supplementary measures: this test garden floor control adopts ridging covering, water-saving irrigation, in the ranks sward Trinity pattern.Just start ridging while planting, the high 15-20cm in ridge, plastic covering cloth after planting, temperature raising, soil moisture conservation, no-tillage, be conducive to fruit tree growth, and Polypropylence Sheet all covers once every year.Irrigation method adopts the ditch alternate irrigation to combine with drip irrigation, and rich water is integrated.
Plant the grass seeds such as hairy vetch, Bai Sanye, red clover in the ranks, improve the orchard content of organic matter and comprehensive fertility.And the attention organic fertilizer application, annual every mu of 1 side's chicken manure.Carry out the measures such as strict flower and fruit thinning, fruit bagging, obtained benefit preferably.
Table 1 is on September 6th, 2012, and at Wanrong County Gao Cun, to the application form of 4 years green apple trees, as seen from Table 1: two dry tree-like tree heights, than the low 60-80cm of slender spindle like, are convenient to manual operation; Mu branch amount is many 16.8-19.5% than slender spindle like and Y-shaped, and wherein the brachyplast proportion is also maximum, contributes to into the bow structure fruit, realizes early high-yield; The 4th annual production is also than improving 11-16%.Table 1
Claims (1)
1. plant and two dry tree-like methods of shaping apple tree, comprise the following steps:
(1) determining of seeding row spacing: adopt wide row planting culture method to plant, spacing in the rows 1.3-1.5m wherein, line-spacing 5-5.5m plants;
(2) fixed dry: select 3 years livings seedlings, fixed dry between 1-1.2m, and also the 4th bud and the 5th bud selection are selected direction in the ranks while surely doing, and the 2nd bud and the 3rd bud are erased;
(3) First Year is pruned: the following rudiment of 80cm of erasing in time, when the plagiotropic growth on central doing grows to 30cm, choosing is cultivated as permanent shape major branch towards the branch of two stalwartnesses of in the ranks growing, two major branches and in dry do not take branch or turn a branch processing, turn branch from base portion without exception for the plagiotropic growth of excessively strong competitive branch and other sagging, control growth, dry in aiding the strong;
In September, when two major branches grow to 55-65cm, drawn branch, make its base angle reach the 70-80 degree, plant in north and south, and two major branches pull to due east and Zheng Xi; Two major branches that thing is planted are northeast and southwest, and facing mutually two row major branches is that diagonal is arranged, and major branch length is less than not drawing of 50cm, to Second Year, draws again;
Dry and to two major branches that in the ranks extend in only staying when the winter cuts, the without exception neat root of other branch removes, in dry elongated shoot cut and cut at autumn growth half full bud place, and the 2-3 bud of erasing, dry overstriking in promotion, inhibitor and competition branch growth;
2 major branches that stay, to weak length below 50cm, cut and cut at taper half full bud place, the 2-3 bud of erasing, the inhibitor and competition branch promotes the major branch growth, and little major branch is surpassed more than 50cm, does not cut and cuts, tree-like skeleton forms then;
(4) Second Year is pruned:
Carve bud: in late March to mid-April, carry out, the bud on dry in first carving, every 7-15 days, then carve 2 buds on little major branch, in dry upper from clip, below 20cm, be carved into apart from above more than the 10cm of a major branch, carve a bud every a bud; Two major branches stay 20cm at base portion respectively, carve to taper 20cm, and above the bud of the both sides of branch, carve with hacksaw blade at the 0.5cm place;
Bud picking: the rudiment of the major branch back of erasing in time and the rudiment on trunk;
The support toothpick: in branch on dry with toothpick, support while growing to 20-25cm, open base angle;
Take branch or turn branch: in May, to August, competitive branch, adnation young sprout on the dry and major branch of centering are taken branch or turn branch;
Sparse branching: remove competitive branch and water sprout, in limb on dry and major branch than the competitive branch and the upright water sprout that surpass 1/2, after late August, remove;
Draw branch: in September, two major branches are drawn to branch, making base angle is 70-80 degree, and haunch is 60-70 degree, and in adnation branch on dry move 95-130 degree to;
Winter cuts: in removing, on dry upper and major branch, limb is than competitive branch, the water sprout of the adnation branch exceeded standard and processing, and all branches delay to put without exception not to be cut;
Within (5) the 3rd years, prune:
Carve bud: on the annotinous branch of dry and two major branches and the scarce branch position bud at quarter of lifes in 2 years;
Bud picking: the major branch back bud of erasing;
Toothpick support: in carry out when living branch grows to 20-25cm then on dry, making base angle is 90 degree;
Take branch or turn branch: position and method were with the 2nd year;
Girdling: the kind that becomes flower for difficulty in late May to early June, in dry or major branch base portion girdling, control shoot growth, promote to bind, promote into colored;
Draw branch and winter shear method the same 1 year;
(6) the 4th years and later pruning and cultivation and the renewal of fruit-bearing shoot cluster:
Major branch is permanent branch, when major branch reaches Len req, and at major branch elongated shoot base portion, stays 3-5cm heavily to cut at flat bud place after large result, and central dry arrival desired height and while bearing fruit in a large number changes head with weak;
The cultivation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster and renewal: in the middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster of dry upper directly cultivation, but in middle sprig group on dry can not be pressed on following major branch, cultivate loose long shaft type fruit-bearing shoot cluster on two major branches, branch group slow putting is not year after year cut, result is after 3-5 years continuously, when fruit tongue sublateral shoot is weak, bounce back again, if near the shoot group is arranged, remove weak branch group and allow the shoot group replace.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210412149.1A CN102893836B (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2012-10-25 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210412149.1A CN102893836B (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2012-10-25 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102893836A CN102893836A (en) | 2013-01-30 |
| CN102893836B true CN102893836B (en) | 2014-01-08 |
Family
ID=47566559
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210412149.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102893836B (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2012-10-25 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102893836B (en) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103392524A (en) * | 2013-06-10 | 2013-11-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Young apple tree branch pulling and angle opening method |
| CN103355129A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-23 | 杨聚德 | Old trunk and shoot matching pruning method for invigorated apples |
| CN103798095A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-05-21 | 宫银慧 | Pruning-free cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN103999723B (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-18 | 中宁县沃杞农业科技有限公司 | A kind of T-shaped matrimony vine tree and culturing and trimming method thereof |
| CN104137754B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-07-06 | 刘冠义 | Tall anvil apple tree form that a kind of dry branch is vertical and cultural method |
| CN104521669A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 永泰县大洋天一现代农场 | Method for cultivating apple seedlings in Fujian area |
| CN105052648A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-18 | 襄汾县四通卉林果科技开发专业合作社 | Cultivation method for Jinxiu crabapple heart-shaped fruits |
| CN105340671B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-12-19 | 山东农业大学 | Fruit tree " three two degree one of bud single shafts " rapid shaping early secreted antigenic target method |
| CN105557429B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-04-24 | 山东农业大学 | Trinitarian " Chinese style apple wide row high level cadre Labor-saving high-efficiency " cultivation |
| CN106069258B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2019-05-10 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of tangerine shaddock branch group pruning method that next year rotation result and branch group update |
| CN106134894A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-11-23 | *** | A kind of Vigorating compact planting cultural method of apple tree |
| CN106069544A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-09 | 烟台现代果业科学研究院 | Reversely hung Yong tower pine shape cultivation of fruit tree method |
| CN106358773B (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2019-07-09 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | The tree-like breeding method of walnut " trunk type " |
| CN106797860A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-06-06 | 曾琼 | A kind of implantation methods of red apple |
| CN106613708B (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2021-04-13 | 平泉市尚泽果业有限公司 | Planting method for forming flowers of new shoots of fruit trees in current year |
| CN106804302B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2021-04-27 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for opening waist angle in process of shaping young pear trees |
| CN107182580A (en) * | 2017-04-23 | 2017-09-22 | 安徽省元圩现代农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of apple tree-pruning administrative skill |
| CN107347569A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-17 | 李国梁 | A kind of Qiaoization Fuji apple tree body control hat trimming and finishing method |
| CN108293573A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-07-20 | 洛阳众森农业有限公司 | Fruit tree transplants breeding method |
| CN108812019B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2021-01-12 | 陈超 | Shaping and trimming method for close planting and high yield pear tree form |
| CN109479555B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-02-18 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Central leading trunk tree form pruning method for silk floss wood |
| CN111466251A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-31 | 莱州市丰果生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for dwarfing apple bag-free cultivation high-yield tree form and fruiting branch group |
| CN113906943A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-01-11 | 山东烟富农业科技有限公司 | Ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method |
| CN113330976B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-03-22 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for rapidly forming dwarf apple saplings |
| CN114303693B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-04-14 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1806511A (en) * | 2006-02-11 | 2006-07-26 | 山西申纪兰贸易有限公司 | Dwarf fruit tree trunk shape, its forming method and high-density orchard construction method |
| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN101926276A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-12-29 | 南京农业大学 | 3+1 tree form of pear tree and shaping method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5128532B2 (en) * | 1974-03-11 | 1976-08-19 |
-
2012
- 2012-10-25 CN CN201210412149.1A patent/CN102893836B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1806511A (en) * | 2006-02-11 | 2006-07-26 | 山西申纪兰贸易有限公司 | Dwarf fruit tree trunk shape, its forming method and high-density orchard construction method |
| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN101926276A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-12-29 | 南京农业大学 | 3+1 tree form of pear tree and shaping method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
|---|
| JP特開昭50-129334A 1975.10.13 |
| 张兴旺.梨两主枝"丫"字形的构造和培养.《农村实用技术》.2003,(第04期),第21页. |
| 朝鲜苹果的矮化密植;杨鉴普;《世界农业》;19890910(第09期);第19页 * |
| 杨鉴普.朝鲜苹果的矮化密植.《世界农业》.1989,(第09期),第19页. |
| 梨两主枝"丫"字形的构造和培养;张兴旺;《农村实用技术》;20030415(第04期);第21页 * |
| 红富士苹果树树形改造试验;郝淑英等;《中国果树》;20030930(第05期);第36页 * |
| 郝淑英等.红富士苹果树树形改造试验.《中国果树》.2003,(第05期),第36页. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102893836A (en) | 2013-01-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102893836B (en) | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees | |
| CN103430803B (en) | Shaping cultivation method of peach tree shape with three boughs and one center truck | |
| CN103430805B (en) | Shaping cultivation method of peach tree shape with two boughs and one center truck | |
| CN105684820B (en) | A kind of foundation in famous-brand and high-quality tea machine tea picking garden and management method | |
| CN103392553B (en) | Method for shaping and planting fly-bird-type grapevine | |
| CN103444484B (en) | Summer black grape single-trunk dual-main-branch shaping and two-bud trimming cultivation method | |
| CN101120645B (en) | Method for controlling plum tree shape and tree body suitable for high-density planting | |
| CN107278786B (en) | Comb-shaped hedge wall-shaped tree form of pear tree and shaping method thereof | |
| CN105145233A (en) | Excellent and labor-saving train culturing method for passion fruit | |
| CN103430804B (en) | Reshaping and cultivating method for peach tree with single trunk and two main branches | |
| CN103109715B (en) | Simplified tree form shaping method suitable for high-density jujube orchard | |
| CN104429641A (en) | Intensive high-efficiency dwarf stock cultivation method for apple trees | |
| CN103053378B (en) | Shed pear tree fruiting branch group and culturing method thereof | |
| CN107371965B (en) | Tuning fork-shaped pear tree shape and shaping and trimming method thereof | |
| CN105248211B (en) | Conjuncted " comb shape " the form culture method of Chinese pear horizontal rack list major branch | |
| CN105009910A (en) | High-quality labor-saving shaping cultivation method for peach tree | |
| CN104823741B (en) | A kind of sweet tea persimmon hedge shape shaping methods | |
| CN105594538B (en) | A kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method | |
| CN103477933A (en) | Method for inverted umbrella-shaped tree form shaping pruning of large cherry tree | |
| CN107278789A (en) | The tree-like and pruning technique of heliogreenhouse grape cylinder | |
| CN113475304A (en) | Single-trunk three-main-branch open-core type tree form of apocarya and shaping and trimming method thereof | |
| CN103238495B (en) | Method for landscaping by peach tree | |
| CN102498852A (en) | Molding method for phyllanthus emblica trees | |
| CN112219636B (en) | Two-main-branch natural heart-shaped peach tree shape and forming method | |
| CN103650893B (en) | A kind of trimming method of pinching of Japanese plum tree crown |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20140108 Termination date: 20171025 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |