CN101268748A - Spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple - Google Patents
Spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple Download PDFInfo
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- CN101268748A CN101268748A CNA2008100157426A CN200810015742A CN101268748A CN 101268748 A CN101268748 A CN 101268748A CN A2008100157426 A CNA2008100157426 A CN A2008100157426A CN 200810015742 A CN200810015742 A CN 200810015742A CN 101268748 A CN101268748 A CN 101268748A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bush apple tree hammer combined training method which is characterized in that the following steps are adopted: a free spindle shape is adopted in the sapling period (4 to 5 years), a spindle shape tending to spindle combined shape is adopted for the early fruit period (6 to 8 years), and a spindle combined shape is adopted in the fruiting period, thereby the training quality is little, the fruiting is early, and the output is high. The method is particularly suitable for the culturing of the bush apple tree.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of apple cultivation method, particularly a kind of spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple.
Background technology:
At present, China's apple Qiaoization cultivation adopts coronule to dredge layer shape more, and tradition pruning cutting back is many, and pruning rate is big, the result is late, and general 7-8 enters fruiting period; Transform spindle, very easily form base portion major branch " pinch neck " phenomenon, the plane result, utility rate of luminous energy is low, general 5-6 annual bearing; Spindle to be used and dwarfing culture, and Qiaoization cultivation only limits to treelet and uses spindle, enters fruiting period, ignores cultivation tiltedly living, back branch group, causes that easily the result moves outward.
The invention task:
Purpose of the present invention be exactly to provide that a kind of light-receiving area is big, pruning rate is little, the result early, spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple that output is high.
A kind of spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple is characterized in that being realized by following steps:
1, the treelet phase (4-5 give birth to) is adopted free spindle: Gao Dinggan at first: the living nursery stock of field planting 1-2, heading height 80-120cm, secondly every year skeleton branch is cultivated, general treelet phase skeleton branch 10-12, the base angle 70-80 degree of skeleton branch, at last, the adnation branch with in the diameter proportion done be 1: 3-4, do not cultivate side shoot on the major branch, directly cultivation results branch group, final form outer likeness in form spindle, tree-like as pine and cypress (cdear);
2, just the fruit phase (6-8 gives birth to) adopts the spindle trend spindle assembly shaped: carry out once every year, at first, dredges and remove the branch of the excessive property of interlayer; Secondly, dredge and remove the skirt branch, the 3rd, in time dredge and remove competition branch, shading branch, to note cultivating back, plagiotropic growth group, proportion should be 10-20%.Fruit bearing shoot group on the major branch is all cultivated by small-sized spindle, makes the tree body structure to spindle assembly shaped conversion, finally makes whole setting and gives birth to 6-8 horizontal spindle;
3, fruiting period adopts spindle assembly shaped: carry out once every year, at first determines major branch 4-6, and on each major branch configuration result branch group 15-20, uniaxial extension secondly, stereoscopic configurations is large, medium and smallly all cultivated by spindle.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1. light-receiving area is big: talk about publicly known, the circular area maximum, spherome surface is long-pending maximum.Thereby fusiform light-receiving area is tree-like big than other.1978, Efremeia was to M
9The various tree-like comparative trials of having carried out of stock apple think that the net photosynthesis and the productivity ratio of spindle shrub shape is the highest.Rock wall merit (1977) is analyzed, and fruit tree is tree-like all develops to elongated spindle direction,
2, pruning rate is little: biological in the process of long term survival, evolution, for the condition of conforming, formed the different shape that adapts to environment facies naturally.The pine and cypress of occurring in nature etc., branch in do and to be evenly distributed, to coordinate, this structure is that nature is brought up, and is complete, reasonable.It is the product that bionics combines with the artificial measures that standard size apple adopts spindle assembly shaped, and it has complied with the growth and development of fruit tree rule, thereby pruning rate is few, and it is fast to be shaped.According to pilot survey, the pruning rate that 5 years green apple tree winters cut is 10-15%, is 1/3 of tradition pruning, reduces by 2/3 pruning rate,
3, the result early, three-dimensional result: to go up growing point many because spindle is done in pruning, and the growth force of having disperseed the tree body easily stablize tree vigo(u)r, becomes bow structure really; Tree body spindle or the horizontal spindle of Qiaoization major branch, setting fruit position is evenly distributed, and can reach three-dimensional result.Evidence, by the traditional 2-3 as a result that prunes ahead of time of apple orchard sheet result that this method is carried out, the per mu yield of fruiting period tree improves 15-20%.
Embodiment:
1, treelet phase-free spindle:
1.1 Gao Dinggan, heading height are 80-120cm;
1.2 the garden sheet that soil fertility height or fertilizer and water condition are good during summer pruning, stays 1-2 bud to carry out extremely heavy cutting back to the strong branch of growth potential; General garden sheet is taked extremely heavy cutting back or is stayed kryptoblast to remove side shoot when winter pruning;
1.3 the dried elongated shoot of centering carries out light cutting back or gets rid of putting;
1.4 do not cultivate side shoot on the major branch, direct cultivation results branch group, major branch angle 70-80 degree.In do to go up spoke and support branch and draw an angle of release, be generally the 80-90 degree;
1.5 in the 3rd year, the adnation branch is carved bud, 10-15cm carves a bud at interval.2-5 gives birth to Using such method and carries out, the adnation branch with in the diameter proportion done be 1: 3-4;
1.6 the cultivation of fruit bearing shoot group: take to dredge and go competition, get rid of and put the golden mean of the Confucian school, the method for carrying out every year, the fruit bearing shoot group of cultivating uniaxial extension.Note in time removing overstocked branch,
2, just fruit phase-spindle-＞spindle assembly shaped:
Regard major branch as one tree, cultivate into horizontal spindle gradually, make whole setting and give birth to laterally spindle of 6-8.At first, dredge and to remove the branch of the excessive property of interlayer; Secondly, dredge and remove the skirt branch, the 3rd, in time dredge and remove competition branch, shading branch, to note cultivating back, plagiotropic growth group, proportion should be 10-20%.Fruit bearing shoot group on the major branch is all cultivated by small-sized spindle, makes the tree body structure to spindle assembly shaped conversion,
3, fruiting period-spindle assembly shaped:
The main purpose of this phase apple pruning is to continue to cultivate the tree body structure, prolongs the life-span as a result.Major branch 4-6, configuration result branch group 15-20 is individual on each major branch.The ratio of large, medium and small fruit bearing shoot group (more than the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group base portion branch shaft diameter 3cm, below the medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group branch shaft diameter 1-2.9cm, small-sized fruit bearing shoot group branch shaft diameter 1cm) was with 2: 3: 5.Each major branch is made of numerous spindle fruit bearing shoot groups, make whole tree by 4-6 laterally spindle constitute, form spindle assembly shaped,
4, prune main points:
The one, driedly in the treelet take the little crooked method that rises, that is: 1-5 green apple tree, in annual the utilization under the dried extending head the 2nd or the 3rd branch as extending head.The 2nd, utilize every the order branch and cultivate major branch, fruit bearing shoot group; The 3rd, utilize fruit branch cultivation results branch group; The 4th, the fruit phase of young fruit-just is to the processing of back branch, by extremely heavy cutting back, make the prosperous principal deformation of back branch to, displacement, shorten; Cultivate the fruit bearing shoot group of uniaxial extension.
Claims (1)
- A kind of spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple is characterized in that being realized by following steps:1, the treelet phase (4-5 give birth to) is adopted free spindle: Gao Dinggan at first: the living nursery stock of field planting 1-2, heading height 80-120cm, secondly every year skeleton branch is cultivated, general treelet phase skeleton branch 10-12, the base angle 70-80 degree of skeleton branch, at last, the adnation branch with in the diameter proportion done be 1: 3-4, do not cultivate side shoot on the major branch, directly cultivation results branch group, final form outer likeness in form spindle, tree-like as pine and cypress (cdear);2, just the fruit phase (6-8 gives birth to) adopts the spindle trend spindle assembly shaped: carry out once every year, at first, dredges and remove the branch of the excessive property of interlayer; Secondly, dredge and remove the skirt branch, the 3rd, in time dredge and remove competition branch, shading branch, to note cultivating back, plagiotropic growth group, proportion should be 10-20%.Fruit bearing shoot group on the major branch is all cultivated by small-sized spindle, makes the tree body structure to spindle assembly shaped conversion, finally makes whole setting and gives birth to 6-8 horizontal spindle;3, fruiting period adopts spindle assembly shaped: carry out once every year, at first determines major branch 4-6, and on each major branch configuration result branch group 15-20, uniaxial extension secondly, stereoscopic configurations is large, medium and smallly all cultivated by spindle.
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| CNA2008100157426A CN101268748A (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | Spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple |
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| CNA2008100157426A CN101268748A (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | Spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN101766102A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-07-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Grafting and tree form reshaping method for three-branch inarching of closed apple orchard |
| CN102893780A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2013-01-30 | 泰安市泰山林业科学研究院 | Crape myrtle tree form with spindly skeleton and pruning method thereof |
| CN102934599A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-02-20 | 山西五洲昕宇农林科技发展有限公司 | Pruning method for shape preservation and survival promotion of transplanted cedars |
| CN103355129A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-23 | 杨聚德 | Old trunk and shoot matching pruning method for invigorated apples |
| CN105379600A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-03-09 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | Branch cutting method for dwarf and close planting of pome fruit trees |
| CN106342641A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 山东农业大学 | Culture method of high-spindle shaped Chinese apples |
| CN106416874A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 山东农业大学 | Apple semi-modernity orchard reconstruction method |
| CN106613206A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-10 | 张玉 | Apple disease-prevention and sweetness-increasing management method |
| CN107810821A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-20 | 浙江农林大学 | One kind single-trunk Qiaoization wax plum moulding breeding method |
| CN111713291A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-29 | 昭通市苹果产业发展中心 | Remediation method for first-year shaping of apple trees and application |
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2008
- 2008-04-30 CN CNA2008100157426A patent/CN101268748A/en active Pending
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN101766102A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-07-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Grafting and tree form reshaping method for three-branch inarching of closed apple orchard |
| CN101766102B (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2011-07-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | Grafting and tree form reshaping method of three-branch inarching of closed apple orchard |
| CN102893780A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2013-01-30 | 泰安市泰山林业科学研究院 | Crape myrtle tree form with spindly skeleton and pruning method thereof |
| CN102893780B (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2015-05-20 | 泰安市泰山林业科学研究院 | Crape myrtle tree form with spindly skeleton and pruning method thereof |
| CN102934599A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-02-20 | 山西五洲昕宇农林科技发展有限公司 | Pruning method for shape preservation and survival promotion of transplanted cedars |
| CN102934599B (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-03-05 | 山西五洲昕宇农林科技发展有限公司 | Pruning method for shape preservation and survival promotion of transplanted cedars |
| CN103355129A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-23 | 杨聚德 | Old trunk and shoot matching pruning method for invigorated apples |
| CN105379600A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-03-09 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | Branch cutting method for dwarf and close planting of pome fruit trees |
| CN105379600B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-11-14 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | The method of the disconnected branch of Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing pomaceous fruit tree |
| CN106342641A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 山东农业大学 | Culture method of high-spindle shaped Chinese apples |
| CN106416874A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 山东农业大学 | Apple semi-modernity orchard reconstruction method |
| CN106342641B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-04-20 | 山东农业大学 | High spindle-shaped cultivation method for Chinese apples |
| CN106416874B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-07-13 | 山东农业大学 | Apple semi-modern orchard transformation method |
| CN106613206A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-10 | 张玉 | Apple disease-prevention and sweetness-increasing management method |
| CN107810821A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-20 | 浙江农林大学 | One kind single-trunk Qiaoization wax plum moulding breeding method |
| CN111713291A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-29 | 昭通市苹果产业发展中心 | Remediation method for first-year shaping of apple trees and application |
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Open date: 20080924 |