CN106954507A - A kind of evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata carves bud trimming new method - Google Patents
A kind of evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata carves bud trimming new method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106954507A CN106954507A CN201710156573.7A CN201710156573A CN106954507A CN 106954507 A CN106954507 A CN 106954507A CN 201710156573 A CN201710156573 A CN 201710156573A CN 106954507 A CN106954507 A CN 106954507A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of real walnut Early Paleozoic strata of evening and carves bud trimming new method, is colonized First Year, before walnut seedling planting, nursery stock cutting back to sprout is enriched into position, and seal；When nursery stock young sprout length is to 15 25cm, leader is dry centered on selecting and remain terminal bud culture；After mobile jib is substantially aging, the lateral bud do not sprouted on aging mobile jib more than fixed pole height highly all carries out quarter bud, stop since May to August part, 45 55 days once, carries out 23 times within 1 year, is scotching bark above sprout at 2 3mm with pocket knife as deep as xylem into crescent.With solve prior art will bear fruit and get bumper crops it is isolated open, only emphasize it is early bear fruit, ignore high and stable yield, technology has major defect, and effect is not notable, the problem of poor practicability.The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, and in particular to a kind of evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata carves bud trimming new method.
Background technology
Walnut (Juglans regia)：Also known as English walnut, it is Juglandaceae (Juglandaceae), hickory (Carya
Nutt.) deciduous tree.With almond, cashew nut, fibert and referred to as world-renowned " four big dry fruits ".Walnut kernel contains abundant battalion
Element is supported, and it is a variety of to contain various trace elements and the mineral matters such as calcium needed by human, phosphorus, iron, and carrotene, riboflavin etc.
Vitamin, is highly profitable to human body.It is one of deep nut based food liked by common people.China is the origin of Juglans plants
One of ground and distribution center, existing more than 2000 years cultivation history.
Extensively, resistance to ridge is thin and low level management for walnut accommodation, is best suitable for southern mountain industrialization plantation.In recent years exist,
《Guizhou Province's Walnut Industry eliminating poverty construction planning (2011-2015 years)》Promotion under, Guizhou Walnut Industry area expands rapidly
Greatly, at present close to 10,000,000 mu.It can come on area, economic benefit but produces little effect.Logical industry service and tune in a few years
Grind and think, main cause is, the kind of Guizhou popularizing planting in recent years, the predominantly early real monoid Walnut Cultivars in the north and south evening is real
Monoid Walnut Cultivars, and a small amount of Guizhou early-fruiting walnut kind.It is observed that northern early-fruiting walnut kind shows disease in Guizhou
Insect pest is serious, tree vigo(u)r early ageing thin intolerant to ridge, and self-flowering fruiting rate is low, yield poorly, and ghost fruit and shrivelled fruit rate are high, and south evening is real
Walnut Cultivars then show growth potential by force, and pest and disease damage is few, but not result, and this greatly hinders the popularization of late real walnut improved seeds
Development.Due to above reason, the plantation enthusiasm of people is influenceed always, the industrialization of southern walnut is largely hindered
Development.
It is existing to promote walnut to do sth. in advance the control rich water in the technology of bearing fruit, draw branch, turn round branch, girdling, band girdle, spray plant growth
The application principle of the technical measures such as inhibitor promotes walnut reproductive growth to control walnut nutritious growth.These methods are promoting
While reproductive growth, nutrient growth is also inhibits, when needing to expand tree crown in the Juglans regia trees phase, suppresses walnut growth, greatly
Have impact on the expansion of walnut tree crown, promote walnut to do sth. in advance the purpose of result though can reach, do not reach the purpose of high yield.` is only
Covet precocity fruiting, and ignore and finished fruit and many results.Due to tree body shoot and leaf growth wretched insufficiency, its result is that tree body is early
Decline, it is as a result few, yield poorly, poor quality..And pinching technology, application principle is removal apical dominance, promotes sprouting of lateral bud.This
Method can only promote the sprouting of a small number of buds in nearly top, and cut off after apical growing point, and branch needs to stop the growth of a period of time,
Sprouting is just sent after branch is aging and starts growth, is expanded and apical dominance and the effect for promoting precocity fruiting so as to have impact on tree crown
Fruit is not obvious.Prior art will bear fruit and get bumper crops to isolate and open, and only emphasize early to bear fruit, and ignore high and stable yield, and technology exists serious
Defect, effect is not notable, poor practicability.
The content of the invention
We lead to on-site inspection and field test in a few years, and investigated one kind can realize late real monoid Walnut Cultivars one
Year shaping, 2 years cappings are gone into operation for 3 years, and the Early Paleozoic strata of 4 years high yields carves bud and trims new method.Skill is trimmed with traditional walnut
Art is compared, and adds skeleton branch quantity, reduces skeleton branch level, simplifies walnut pruning technique, simple and easy to apply, easily
Promote.The popularization and application of the method, can give full play to disease and insect resistance, thin resistance to ridge, growth potential and the top of late real walnut improved seeds
The strong advantage of end advantage, overcomes the shortcoming in result evening.Reach that growth is fast, precocity fruiting, the purpose of early high yield, so as to solve walnut production
Industry develops significant technology issues, promotes the Popularization And Development of evening real walnut improved seeds, it is adaptable to the morning of all evening real walnut monoids
Fruit high-yield cultivating new technology.
Carve bud trimming new method there is provided a kind of real walnut Early Paleozoic strata of evening to solve the above problems, including：
It is colonized First Year
1) before walnut seedling planting, nursery stock cutting back to sprout is enriched into position, and sealed, prevents that nursery stock dehydration from drying up,
From the sealing such as paraffin or paint；
2) when nursery stock young sprout length is to 15-25cm, select and remain a growing way by force, led centered on the good terminal bud culture of orthostatic
It is dry；
3) observation is noted later, after mobile jib is substantially aging, is not sprouted on aging mobile jib more than fixed pole height highly
Lateral bud, all carry out quarter buds, fixed pole highly be generally 70-80cm, since May to August part stop, 45-55 days are once, one
Year carry out 2-3 times, scotching with pocket knife bark above sprout at 2-3mm as deep as xylem into crescent；
4) select and remain after terminal bud, remaining branch is as lateral bud culture, and the lateral bud pinching for being approached for growing way or being better than terminal bud allows
It temporarily stops length, alleviates and is unexpectedly striven with terminal bud, it is to avoid master slave relation confusion and upset tree-like, selected and remain again after sprouting is grown again
Growing way is stronger, and the suitable bud in orientation makees major branch extending head, continues to be trained first order major branch；Terminal bud is markedly less than for growing way
Lateral bud does not make any processing, is allowed to growth.
The disposal of lateral bud, positioned at dry high following, the more prosperous lateral bud of growing way, carries out drawing branch or turns round branch control growth, growing way compared with
Weak was allowed to after growth, June, was all removed from base portion；Positioned at it is dry it is high more than lateral bud, be allowed to growth, increment is greatly
Middle long side shoot Second Year is as first order side shoot, the small brachyplast of increment, is left Second Year or the bearing basal shoot of the 3rd year；
First Year is colonized, after transplanted seedling tree is survived, to strengthen rich water quality management, promotes tree body center dry and lateral bud fast fast-growing
It is long, complete dry and one-level major branch the culture in tree body center the year that tries hard to be in the first place.In the season of growth of the 4-8 months, monthly apply once thin
Cleaning up excrement water, or based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the composite fertilizer supplemented by P, K fertilizer accomplishes that duty applies thin apply.But had according to soil fertility and seedling growth
Body situation, growing way it is stronger can suitably reduce fertilizer application frequency.
To ensure that First Year tree there are enough increments, Crown Structure is formed as early as possible, seedling planting period falls leaves in the fall
It is more early better afterwards to before green sprouting.
It is colonized Second Year
1) continue to promote center-pole terminal bud to grow to required trunk height, required trunk height is 2-2.5m,
With First Year same method, quarter bud is carried out to the lateral bud do not sprouted on aging center-pole；
2) in the lateral bud after the beginning of spring to the aging branch section of middle branch and long shoot for exceeding 30cm before tree body rudiment to length, by foregoing
Method carries out quarter bud, and difference part is only to carve the bud of branch both sides, and back bud and the lower bud of the back of the body are not carved, and have taken out the back branch and the back of the body of hair
Undershoot is wiped out in time；
3) lateral bud do not sprouted and do not sprouted on aging middle long shoot on the aging center-pole that May grows to the current year again
Lateral bud carries out quarter bud, in inspiring, brachyplast, cultivates the bearing basal shoot of succeeding year, to reach shaping in 1 year, 2 years cappings, throwing in 3 years
Production, the purpose of 4 years high yields；
It is colonized the rich water quality management main points of Second Year：1-2 light farmers' is enriched before June according to Growth status situation
N, P, K composite fertilizer of fertilizer or proper proportion, more prosperous to tree body growing way only being applied once or not applying, and nitrogenous fertilizer is controlled after June, is enriched
P, K fertilizer, promote bud differentiation, are to go into operation within the 3rd year to get ready.
The 3rd year after field planting
Tree crown is basically formed, current year trimming main points：
1) desired tree body is reached to the height of tree, head is fallen at last lateral bud and goes to top, the height of tree is not up to requiring by Second Year
Method, continue to cultivate tree body and tree crown；
2) according to the two of pruning fruit tree basic principles, ventilation and penetrating light and balance tree vigo(u)r are suitably pruned off to overstocked branch, dredged
Except too strong prosperous branch and thin and delicate branch, retain golden mean of the Confucian school branch, the rare position of middle long major branch, brachyplast top in promoting according to space distribution situation
Bud grows, and is trained middle long major branch, is that the high and stable yield after the 4th year is prepared, pruning and rich water quality management after the 3rd year
Switch to the management of Walnut phase routine techniques.
Compared with prior art, by the application of the present invention, it can realize that late real monoid Walnut Cultivars shape for 1 year, two year's harvest
Hat, goes into operation for 3 years, gets bumper crops, and simplifies traditional walnut pruning technique within 4 years.Using late real Walnut Cultivars disease and insect resistance,
Resistance to ridge is thin, growth potential and apical dominance strong, internode length the features such as.Asked for late real walnut lateral bud germination rate and into branch rate is weak
Topic, by the way that largely and extensively using bud means are carved, artificial obstruction and regulation trunk infusion are distributed, and suppress terminal bud growth, promotion side
Bud is sprouted and grown, the nutrition supply of reasonable distribution terminal bud and lateral bud, promotes nutrient growth and reproductive growth balance, so as to reach
Can speed expansion tree crown, and the purpose of energy precocity fruiting morning high yield soon.Turn inferiority into superiority, innovatively propose to carve bud technology first
Based on promote evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata trimming new method, carve bud position, carve bud quantity, carve the bud time in terms of with existing core
Peach, which carves bud technology and applies to compare, very big innovation.
Compared with traditional planting technology, traditional cultivation tree body is tall and big, and floor space is big, is moved outside setting fruit position, single plant yield
Height, yield per unit area is low., can be by tree body control in suitable height and suitable hat width, tree crown knot with the technology of the present invention
Structure is compact, and nutrition is balanced, and three-dimensional result, individual plant and per unit area yield are high, so as to realize the purpose that precocity fruiting is early got bumper crops.The present invention simplifies
Traditional walnut pruning technique, it is simple and easy to apply, easily promote.The popularization and application of the method, can give full play to late real core
The disease and insect resistance of peach improved seeds, thin resistance to ridge, growth potential and the strong advantage of apical dominance, overcome the shortcoming in knot evening, reach growth
It hurry up, precocity fruiting, the purpose of early high yield.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, it will make further detailed to the present invention below
Description,
Embodiment：
It is colonized First Year：1. before walnut seedling planting, nursery stock cutting back to sprout is enriched into position, and with paraffin or paint
Prevent that nursery stock dehydration from drying up Deng sealing；2. when nursery stock young sprout length is to 15-25cm, select and remain a long-living healthy and strong, growing way and upright
Property stronger bud as leading dry centered on terminal bud culture, remaining branch is used as lateral bud culture.Approached for growing way or be better than top
The lateral bud pinching of bud allows it temporarily to stop length, and alleviation is striven unexpectedly with terminal bud, it is to avoid master slave relation is chaotic and upsets tree-like.Treat again long
Go out after sprouting to select and remain growing way again stronger, the suitable bud in orientation makees major branch extending head, continue to be trained first order major branch.For growing way
The lateral bud for being markedly less than terminal bud does not make any processing, is allowed to growth；3. observation is noted later, after mobile jib is substantially aging, height
The lateral bud do not sprouted on aging mobile jib more than fixed pole height (general 80cm or so), all carries out quarter bud.First Year carves bud
Typically stop since May to August part, 45-55 days once, carry out 2-3 times within 1 year；4. quarter bud method：The 2-3mm above sprout
Bark is scotched with pocket knife as deep as xylem into crescent in place；5. lateral bud is disposed：Following positioned at dry height, the more prosperous lateral bud of growing way enters
Row draw branch or turn round branch control growth, growing way it is weaker be allowed to growth.Treat its first support a period of time root system, June tree body branches and leaves compared with
After more, all removed from base portion.Lateral bud more than dry height, is allowed to growth, does not make any processing, the big middle length of increment
Side shoot Second Year is as first order side shoot, the small brachyplast of increment, is left Second Year or the bearing basal shoot of the 3rd year.6. this year
Spend rich water quality management main points.First Year is colonized, after transplanted seedling tree is survived, to strengthen rich water quality management, promotes tree body center dry and lateral bud
Fast-growth, complete dry and one-level major branch the culture in tree body center the year that tries hard to be in the first place.Typically in the season of growth of the 4-8 months, often
The moon applies once thin cleaning up excrement water, or based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the fertile Hefei supplemented by P, K fertilizer accomplishes that duty applies thin apply.But according to soil fertility
And seedling growth concrete condition, growing way it is stronger can suitably reduce fertilizer application frequency.7. to ensure that First Year tree body has enough lifes
Long amount, forms Crown Structure as early as possible, seedling planting period fall leaves in the fall after to before green sprouting, it is more early better.
It is colonized Second Year：1. continue to promote center-pole terminal bud to grow to required trunk height (2-2.5m is advisable), with
First Year same method, quarter bud is carried out to the lateral bud do not sprouted on aging center-pole.2. in after the beginning of spring arrive tree body rudiment before to length
The lateral bud of middle branch of the degree more than 30cm and the aging branch section of long shoot.Quarter bud is carried out by above method, unlike, branch can only be carved
The lower bud of the bud of both sides, back bud and the back of the body can not be carved, and the back branch and back of the body undershoot for having taken out hair will be wiped out in time.3.5 months are again to this
The lateral bud do not sprouted on the aging center-pole of year growth and the lateral bud do not sprouted on aging middle long shoot carry out quarter bud, inspire middle life
Brachyplast, cultivates the bearing basal shoot of succeeding year, to reach shaping in 1 year, and 2 years cappings are gone into operation for 3 years, the purpose of 4 years high yields.4.
The rich water quality management main points in the current year.1-2 light farm manure or proper proportion is enriched before June according to Growth status situation
N, P, K composite fertilizer, more prosperous to tree body growing way only applying once or not applying.Nitrogenous fertilizer is controlled after June, P, K fertilizer is enriched, promotes flower
Bud breaks up, and is to go into operation within the 3rd year to get ready.
The 3rd year tree crown is basically formed after field planting, current year trimming main points：1. pair height of tree reaches desired tree body, from last
Fall head at one lateral bud and go to top, the height of tree continues to cultivate tree body and tree crown not up to the desired method by Second Year.2. according to fruit tree
Two basic principles of trimming, ventilation and penetrating light and balance tree vigo(u)r, suitably prune off to overstocked branch, remove too strong prosperous branch and thin and delicate
Branch, retains golden mean of the Confucian school branch.The rare position of middle long major branch, brachyplast terminal bud grows in being promoted according to space distribution situation, in being trained
Long major branch, is that the high and stable yield after the 4th year is prepared.
Switch to the management of Walnut phase routine techniques from the pruning after the 3rd year and rich water quality management.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata carves bud trimming new method, it is characterised in that field planting First Year：
1) before walnut seedling planting, nursery stock cutting back to sprout is enriched into position, and seal；
2) when nursery stock young sprout length is to 15-25cm, a terminal bud that growing way is strong, orthostatic is good is selected and remain, leads dry centered on culture；
3) after center leader's butt sheet is aging, the lateral bud do not sprouted more than bar height all carries out quarter bud, since May
Stop to August part, 45-55 days once, carry out 2-3 times within 1 year, scotching bark depth above sprout at 3-5mm with pocket knife or small hacksaw
Up to xylem into crescent.
2. a kind of real walnut Early Paleozoic strata of evening carves bud trimming new method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Field planting first
The step 2 in year) in, select and remain after terminal bud, remaining branch approaches or be better than the lateral bud pinching of terminal bud as lateral bud culture for growing way
Allow it temporarily to stop length, it is stronger to select and remain growing way again after sprouting is grown again, the suitable bud in orientation makees major branch extending head, continue to cultivate
Into first order major branch.
3. a kind of real walnut Early Paleozoic strata of evening carves bud trimming new method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that field planting first
Year, the method for disposal of lateral bud is：Positioned at dry high following, the more prosperous lateral bud of growing way, carry out drawing branch or turn round branch control growth, growing way compared with
Weak was allowed to after growth, June, was all removed from base portion；Positioned at it is dry it is high more than lateral bud, be allowed to growth, increment is greatly
Middle long side shoot Second Year is as first order side shoot, the small brachyplast of increment, is left Second Year or the bearing basal shoot of the 3rd year.
4. a kind of real walnut Early Paleozoic strata of evening carves bud trimming new method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Field planting first
Year, after transplanted seedling tree is survived, in the season of growth of the 4-8 months, thin cleaning up excrement water is monthly applied once, or based on nitrogenous fertilizer, P, K fertilizer are
Auxiliary fertile Hefei, accomplishes that duty applies thin apply.
5. a kind of real walnut Early Paleozoic strata of evening carves bud trimming new method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Seedling planting
Period fall leaves in the fall after to before green sprouting.
6. a kind of real walnut Early Paleozoic strata of evening carves bud trimming new method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
It is colonized Second Year
1) continue to promote center-pole terminal bud to grow to 2-2.5m, and First Year same method, to what is do not sprouted on aging center-pole
Lateral bud carries out quarter bud；
2) in the lateral bud after the beginning of spring to the aging branch section of middle branch and long shoot for exceeding 30cm before tree body rudiment to length, by preceding method
Quarter bud is carried out, difference part is only to carve the bud of branch both sides, back bud and the lower bud of the back of the body are not carved, and have taken out back branch and the back of the body undershoot of hair
Wipe out in time；
3) lateral bud do not sprouted on the aging center-pole that May grows to the current year again and the lateral bud do not sprouted on aging middle long shoot
Carry out quarter bud.
7. a kind of real walnut Early Paleozoic strata of evening carves bud trimming new method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that field planting second
The rich water quality management main points in year：1-2 light farm manure or N, P, K composite fertilizer are enriched before June according to Growth status situation,
More prosperous to tree body growing way only being applied once or not applying, and nitrogenous fertilizer is controlled after June, is enriched P, K fertilizer, is promoted bud differentiation.
8. a kind of real walnut Early Paleozoic strata of evening carves bud trimming new method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The 3rd year after field planting
1) desired tree body is reached to the height of tree, head is fallen at last lateral bud and goes to top, the height of tree is not up to the desired side by Second Year
Method, continues to cultivate tree body and tree crown；
2) according to the two of pruning fruit tree basic principles, ventilation and penetrating light and balance tree vigo(u)r are suitably pruned off to overstocked branch, removed
Qiang Wangzhi and thin and delicate branch, retain golden mean of the Confucian school branch, the rare position of middle long major branch, brachyplast terminal bud life in promoting according to space distribution situation
It is long, middle long major branch is trained, the pruning and rich water quality management after the 3rd year switch to the management of Walnut phase routine techniques.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108781858A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 冯海明 | One planting fruit-trees natural equilibrium stays branch containing to fall a method |
| CN114051881A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for shaping narrow-crown low-stem walnut saplings |
| CN114938754A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-08-26 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Late-fruiting walnut juvenile vigorous-control updating and fruiting-promoting method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108781858A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 冯海明 | One planting fruit-trees natural equilibrium stays branch containing to fall a method |
| CN114051881A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for shaping narrow-crown low-stem walnut saplings |
| CN114938754A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-08-26 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Late-fruiting walnut juvenile vigorous-control updating and fruiting-promoting method |
| CN114938754B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting setting of late-maturing walnut in childhood |
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Application publication date: 20170718 |