CN106416874B - Apple semi-modern orchard transformation method - Google Patents
Apple semi-modern orchard transformation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reforming a semi-modern apple orchard, which relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, improves the growth vigor of tree heads by branch strengthening and head changing and bud strengthening and cutting in the fourth step, and ensures that the tree body does not bear fruits and increases the growth vigor of the tree body by matching the fifth step and the seventh step, so that the tree body can grow to be more than 3.5 m. The weight losing and slimming of the bottom lateral branches are realized through the matching of the fifth step, the seventh step, the eighth step, the tenth step, the eleventh step and the twelfth step, so that the phenomenon of neck clamping is relieved; the renewal and rejuvenation of upper branches are realized, and the upper and lower lateral branches of the tree body are promoted to develop coordinately; and the ninth step, the tenth step, the thirteenth step and the fifteenth step are matched to realize the modern lateral branch excessive transformation of the traditional lateral branch. The number of the lateral branches is further increased by the tenth step treatment, so that 30-35 lateral branches are obtained. And the newly added side branches are standardized to be built through the fourteenth step, the sixteenth step, the seventeenth step, the eighteenth step, the nineteenth step and the twentieth step, and finally the transformation of the semi-modern apple orchard is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for modifying a semi-modern apple orchard.
Background
The modern apple cultivation mode is the latest and most advanced cultivation mode and is widely popularized and applied in European and American countries at present. The apple cultivation mode is introduced from foreign learning in 2007 in China, and 500 ten thousand mu of area has been developed through popularization and application in nearly ten years according to incomplete statistics. Due to the limitation of knowledge, technology and the like, the orchard is in a semi-modern orchard state, namely, the orchard is between the traditional orchard and the modern orchard.
At present, the semi-modern apple cultivation mode orchard established mainly has the following problems: first, the idea and concept fall behind, and the cooperation between the idea and the model is not achieved. Firstly, the differences in soil, nursery stock, water and fertilizer management, pest control, climate, agricultural machinery and the like at home and abroad are not seriously analyzed in the process of developing the modern mode orchard, and the differences are only simply simulated; and secondly, managing the modern orchard by adopting the traditional orchard management concept and management technology. Secondly, the development is blindly done, and the adjustment according to local conditions is not achieved. In some places
And the garden building land is a modern mode developed blindly in areas where the mountains and the soil are barren and the integration of fertilizer and water cannot be realized. Third, the basic production data is poor with the infrastructure, and no effective improvement and preparation is made. Firstly, the organic matter of the soil is only lower than 1 percent and is obviously lower than the foreign level of more than 2 percent. Before the construction of the garden, effective soil improvement and fertilization work of the whole garden plough layer is not carried out. Effective local soil improvement is not performed after the garden is built. And then shows poor and uneven seedling quality. In China, most of the dwarfing interstock gardens are built by adopting dwarfing interstock, and foreign dwarfing gardens with own rootstock and branch seedlings cannot be built. At present, in domestic, except for a very small part of orchards, which are built by directly importing large seedlings with branches, other orchards are basically built by 1-year or 2-year nursery stocks, and even more, the orchards are built by bud seedlings. And fourthly, over-emphasizing the early bearing property of the dwarfing stock and causing too large load capacity to cause small and old trees. Modern orchards built at present generally require fruits to be seen in 3 rd year and high yield in 4 th year. As the dwarfing stock has weak tree growth and is not suitable for flower thinning and fruit thinning of most orchards, the premature senility occurs because the tree height is only about 2.5 m and does not reach the requirement of high spindle height of more than 3.5 m. After the high-load production for more than 2 years, the proportion of the old and small trees is rapidly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a method for modifying a semi-modern apple orchard, deeply analyzes the requirements of the foreign modern apple orchard on nursery stock, soil, tree form and the like, combines the semi-modern current situation, realizes the upgrading and modification of the semi-modern apple orchard,
the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for modifying a semi-modern apple orchard comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: organically improving the interline soil, wherein the step is a third step of preparation conditions; soil improvement is carried out on soil with the width of 1.2m between every two rows of lines, 60 cubic meters of thoroughly decomposed cow dung and 150kg of biological bacterial fertilizer are applied to 667 square meters, a rotary cultivator is used for 3 times, the soil, cow dung and biological bacterial fertilizer are uniformly mixed, the rotary cultivation depth is 15cm, water is thoroughly poured after rotary cultivation, and 150kg of living earthworms are applied to 667 square meters in the evening after 30 days of rotary cultivation;
the second step is that: adding a lantern ring on the top of the base anvil, wherein the step is a preparation condition for the third step; binding a circle of cloth rope with the width of 1cm to form a lantern ring at a position 2cm below a grafting opening of the anvil and the intermediate anvil; the binding is preferably just attached to the trunk and not dropped.
The third step: covering the inter-row improved soil ridges, wherein the step is further perfected by a first step and a second step; the soil improved in the first step is covered on ridges in a concentrated mode, the covering thickness is about 15cm according to the characteristics of dwarfing middle stock seedlings in the existing semi-modern apple orchard, and the covering thickness is adjusted according to the conditions of seedlings and is not more than 5cm below a grafting opening of a middle stock and a variety at most;
the fourth step: the step of changing the heads of the strong branches and cutting the strong buds again is a preparation condition of the tenth step; selecting a strong branch at the top and changing the head at the beginning of 3 months in the 1 st year, and selecting and reserving a strong bud on the selected and reserved strong branch and cutting the stem;
the fifth step: a lateral branch is remained with a bud-developing extremely heavy short section, and is smeared with medicine for protection, and the next step is the preparation condition of the sixth step; performing extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches while implementing the fourth step, wherein the standard requirement of the extreme heavy truncation is to leave a developing bud, performing the extreme heavy truncation at a position of 1cm above the developing bud, and protecting the wound by applying healing agent with a cut diameter exceeding 1.5cm to the extreme heavy truncation; note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch scissors is arranged at one side of the bud during pruning so as to avoid damaging the bud by extrusion.
And a sixth step: the soil on the ridges is improved by rotary tillage, and the ridges are finished, which is a further improvement of the third step; covering ridges in the third step by using a small rotary tillage plough, carrying out rotary tillage for 3 times, carrying out rotary tillage with the depth of 25cm, and manually finishing the ridges after the rotary tillage is finished;
the seventh step: and (3) carrying out one-time re-shearing and bud picking, wherein the step is further perfected in the fifth step, and the re-shearing is carried out: the first pruning is limited by various uncontrollable factors, and a certain insurance coefficient is left during pruning. The second trimming which is carried out for removing the safety part after the first trimming in a period of time and is more in accordance with the standard is called're-trimming'; at the beginning of 4 months in the 1 st year, if the lateral branches generated in the fourth step and the fifth step do not have hidden bud germination below the selected and retained bud, the lateral branches are cut again to 0.5cm above the new bud closest to the main stem, if the lateral branches with extremely heavy short sections in the fifth step have hidden bud germination at the base part, the lateral branches are cut again to the base part of the lateral branches, and if the base part of the lateral branches has a plurality of hidden buds germination, the bud picking is carried out by adopting the principle of removing strong and weak retained buds; note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch is arranged at the opposite side of the bud during the secondary shearing so as to avoid shearing the bud.
Eighth step: picking flowers and promoting growth, wherein the step is further reinforced by four steps; when the flower blooms in the 1 st year, all flower buds are removed to promote the vegetative growth;
the ninth step: pulling branches once, which is a preparation condition of the eleventh step; in 7 th month in 1 year, pulling and opening the lateral branches with the diameters less than one fourth of the thickness of the main trunk by using an's' -shaped opener to 110-;
the tenth step: secondary extreme truncation of the lateral branches, which provides conditions for the twelfth step; in the 3 rd month early in the 2 nd year, bud strengthening and trunk cutting are carried out on the trunk promoted in the fourth step, and extreme heavy cutting is carried out on all the lateral branches left by branch pulling in the ninth step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that in the fifth step;
the eleventh step: bud carving is carried out on the main stem and the lateral branches once, and the step provides conditions for the fourteenth step; and (4) before sprouting in the 2 nd year, selecting full sprouts of the trunks treated in the ninth step every 8-10cm, and cutting sprouts 0.5cm above the full sprouts. Bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches processed in the ninth step to promote new branches; note that: the selected buds are distributed in the trunk in a spiral shape; the bud only cuts off the phloem without damaging the xylem.
The twelfth step: secondary re-shearing and bud picking, which is further perfected in the tenth step; carrying out re-shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches subjected to the extremely heavy short-cut treatment in the tenth step at the beginning of 4 months in the 2 nd year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the seventh step;
the thirteenth step: secondary branch pulling, which is a preparation condition of the fifteenth step; carrying out branch drawing on the lateral branches treated in the tenth step and the twelfth step at the beginning of 7 months in the 2 nd year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the ninth step;
the fourteenth step is that: the lateral branches are cut short again, and the step is a preparation condition of the sixteenth step; in 3 rd year and 3 rd month, performing extremely heavy truncation on lateral branches generated by the main stem bud carving of the eleventh step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that of the fifth step;
the fifteenth step: the lateral branch is used for secondary bud carving, and the step is further perfected in the tenth step; bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches treated in the tenth step before sprouting in the 3 rd year, and the standard requirements are the same as the tenth step;
sixteenth, step: performing repeated shearing and bud picking for three times, wherein the step is further perfected in the fourteenth step; carrying out re-shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches treated in the fourteenth step at the beginning of 4 months in the 3 rd year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the seventh step;
seventeenth step: side branches are cut into four times of extremely heavy short branches, and the step is a preparation condition of the eighteenth step; and performing extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches treated in the sixteenth step at the beginning of 3 months in 4 th year, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that of the fifth step.
And eighteenth step: performing repeated shearing and bud picking for four times, wherein the step is a preparation condition of the nineteenth step; and (4) carrying out re-shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches treated in the seventeenth step at the beginning of 4 th month in 4 th year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those of the seventh step.
The nineteenth step: three times of branch pulling, which is the twentieth preparation condition; and (5) carrying out branch pulling on the lateral branches processed in the seventeenth step in 7 th month in 4 th year, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that in the ninth step.
The twentieth step: the lateral branch is carved with buds for three times, and the step is further perfected in the nineteenth step; and (4) bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches subjected to the treatment in the nineteenth step before the germination in the 5 th year, and the standard requirements are the same as those in the tenth step.
The organic improvement of the soil in the root zone promotes the organic matter content of the soil in the root zone to be increased by 1 to 1.5 percent. The organic improvement of the soil is realized through the first step, the third step and the sixth step, and the dwarfing anvil is promoted to be buried partially to root through the cooperation of the second step and the third step, so that the organic improvement in the root domain range is realized.
The dwarfing interstock apple is improved by self-rooting, and the congenital defect of the nursery stock is improved by a postnatal cultivation technical means. And (3) limiting nutrient exchange in the second step to promote the formation of callus on the upper part of the lantern ring, and promoting the callus to form stem source roots by the cooperation of the third step, so that self-rooting is realized. In the early days, the upper part of the ground is not obvious enough to supply nutrition because of the restriction effect of the lantern ring. After one year, the restriction effect of the lantern ring is continuously increased, the phloem is separated by the lantern ring, and the base stock does not have the nutrition supply capacity any more. The base stock is gradually dead due to the fact that nutrients produced by the overground part cannot be conveyed to the substrate, and the stem source root system of the intermediate stock is basically formed and gradually plays a role of the root system.
And (3) upgrading and transforming the half-height spindle shape of the apple, strengthening branches and changing heads through the fourth step, strengthening buds and cutting again, improving the growth vigor of tree heads, and increasing the growth vigor of the tree body without fruiting by using the fifth step and the seventh step in a matched manner, so that the tree body can grow to be more than 3.5 m. The weight losing and slimming of the bottom lateral branches are realized through the matching of the fifth step, the seventh step, the eighth step, the tenth step, the eleventh step and the twelfth step, so that the phenomenon of neck clamping is relieved; the renewal and rejuvenation of upper branches are realized, and the upper and lower lateral branches of the tree body are promoted to develop coordinately; in cooperation with use of
And nine steps, the tenth step, the thirteenth step and the fifteenth step are used for realizing the modern lateral branch excessive transformation of the traditional lateral branch. The number of the lateral branches is further increased by the tenth step treatment, so that 30-35 lateral branches are obtained. And realizing the standard construction of the newly added lateral branches through the fourteenth step, the sixteenth step, the seventeenth step, the eighteenth step, the nineteenth step and the twentieth step.
The organic matter content of the root soil of the improved apple orchard reaches 2.1 percent through soil organic modification, and basically reaches the bottom line of the organic matter content of the modern apple orchard abroad. The fruit quality of the orchard after modification is remarkably improved compared with that of the traditional orchard due to the improvement of soil organic matters, and the observation results for many years show that the average soluble solid content of the fruits is improved by 2-3.5%, and the average single fruit weight of the fruits is improved by about 30 g. After the tree body is improved by adopting the method for the patent for 5 years, the tree structure basically reaches the parameters of a high spindle-shaped structure: the average height reaches more than 3.5m, while the average height of a semi-modern orchard is only about 2.5 m; the number of lateral branches reaches 30-35, while the number of lateral branches of a semi-modern orchard is only 5-7; the length of the lateral branch is 0.7-1.2 m, while the length of the semi-modern orchard is 1.5-2.5 m; the thickness of the part 1.5 m away from the ground is 4.5 cm, while the thickness of the part in the semi-modern orchard is only about 2cm due to the neck clamping phenomenon. The semi-modern orchard has the problems that the growth vigor of trees is too weak and the premature senility phenomenon seriously causes the phenomena of years and years, and the fruit yield begins to obviously decrease from the 4 th year due to the influence of the premature senility phenomenon. Although the orchard transformed by the method sacrifices the yield of two years, the sacrificed yield can be completely supplemented in the later period due to the fact that the orchard is higher than a semi-modern orchard and is longer in production life. If the semi-modern orchard modified and upgraded by the method is matched with suitable agricultural machinery, the cost investment is remarkably reduced, and the investment per mu of land is reduced by at least 1000 yuan.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: malus hupehensis Rehd base stock, M9 intermediate stock and Yanfu No. 3 semi-modern apple orchard modified by adopting method
Materials: base stock: malus hupehensis Rehd; stock: m9; variety: smoke rich No. 3; the age of the tree: 4 years of time: 2011-2015; site-Yiyuan county Anxin farm process: in 2011, soil is applied 1.2m wide between each row at the beginning of 2 months, and the soil, the cow dung and the biological bacterial fertilizer (Nongda brand microbial inoculum) are uniformly mixed and stirred by rotating a rotary cultivator 3 times according to the application of 60 cubic meters of thoroughly decomposed cow dung and 150kg of biological bacterial fertilizer per 667 square meters, and the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm. Watering thoroughly after rotary tillage, and spreading 150kg of living earthworms every 667 square meters in the evening after 30 days of rotary tillage. A loop is formed by binding a cloth rope with the width of 1cm at the position 2cm below the grafting opening of the base stock and the intermediate stock. The binding is preferably just attached to the trunk and not dropped. And (5) covering the first-step improved soil on the ridges in a concentrated manner. According to the existing semi-cash
The dwarfing middle stock nursery stock in apple orchard is characterized in that the coverage thickness is about 15 cm. And adjusting the covering thickness according to the condition of the nursery stock, wherein the maximum covering thickness is not more than 5cm below a grafting opening of the intermediate stock and the variety. Selecting a strong branch at the top and changing the head at the beginning of 3 months, and selecting and reserving a strong bud on the selected and reserved strong branch and cutting the stem. Performing extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches, wherein the standard requirement of the extreme heavy truncation is to leave a developing bud, and performing the extreme heavy truncation at a position of 1cm above the developing bud. The wound is protected by the healing agent which is used for extremely heavy cuts and has the cut diameter of more than 1.5 cm. Covering with small rotary ploughs
And carrying out rotary tillage for 3 times on ridges, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25 cm. And (5) manually finishing ridges after screwing. In the beginning of 4 months, the side branches with heavy cuts have hidden buds sprouting below the selected buds, and the side branches are cut again until the upper part of the new buds closest to the main stem is 0.5 cm. If the lateral branch with extremely heavy truncation has hidden bud germination at the base part, the lateral branch is cut to the base part of the lateral branch again, and if a plurality of hidden buds germinate at the base part of the lateral branch, bud picking is carried out by adopting the principle of removing strong buds and keeping weak buds. Note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch is arranged at the opposite side of the bud during the secondary shearing so as to avoid shearing the bud. When the flower is bloomed, all flower buds are removed to promote the vegetative growth. 7 ten days in the middle of the month to diameter
The side branches lower than one fourth of the thickness of the main stem are pulled to an opening angle of 110-130 degrees by an s-shaped opening device. The trunk is subject to bud strengthening and stem cutting at the beginning of 3 months in 2012. And performing extreme heavy truncation on all the remaining lateral branches of the branch pulling, wherein the standard of the extreme heavy truncation is the same as the standard. Before germination, selecting plump buds of the trunk every 8-10cm, and cutting buds 0.5cm above the plump buds. And (4) bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches to promote the growth of new branches. Note that: the selected buds are distributed in the trunk in a spiral shape; the bud only cuts off the phloem without damaging the xylem. 4 months later, the side branches of the extremely heavy short-cut treatment are carried out
And (4) performing secondary shearing and bud picking, wherein the secondary shearing and bud picking standards are the same as above, and branch pulling is performed on lateral branches at the beginning of 7 months, and the branch pulling standard is the same as above. And in 3 months in 2013, the lateral branches generated by main stem bud carving are subjected to extreme heavy truncation, and the standard of the extreme heavy truncation is the same as the standard. And (4) bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches before germination, and the bud carving standard is the same as above. And (4) carrying out re-shearing on the lateral branches at the beginning of 4 months, and carrying out bud picking, wherein the standards of the re-shearing and the bud picking are the same as the above. And performing extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches at the beginning of 3 months in 2014, wherein the standard of the extreme heavy truncation is the same as the standard. And (4) carrying out re-shearing on the lateral branches at the beginning of 4 months, and carrying out bud picking, wherein the standards of the re-shearing and the bud picking are the same as the above. And (4) carrying out branch drawing on the lateral branches in the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the branch drawing standard is the same as the above. And (5) carrying out bud carving treatment on the lateral branches before germination in 2015, wherein the bud carving standard is the same as the above, and orchard improvement is completed.
Example two: eight-edge crabapple + M9T337 interstock + Yanfu No. 3 semi-modern apple orchard modified by adopting method
Materials: base stock: malus spectabilis; stock: M9T 337; variety: smoke rich No. 3; the age of the tree: for 3 years
Time: 2009-2013; site of national apple center test base
The process is as follows: in 2009, soil is applied with a width of 1.2m between each row at the beginning of 2 months, 60 cubic meters of thoroughly decomposed cow dung and 150kg of biological bacterial fertilizer are applied to each 667 square meters for improvement, a rotary cultivator is used for 3 times, the soil, the cow dung and the biological bacterial fertilizer are uniformly mixed, and the rotary cultivation depth is 15 cm. Watering thoroughly after rotary tillage, and spreading 150kg of living earthworms every 667 square meters in the evening after 30 days of rotary tillage. A loop is formed by binding a cloth rope with the width of 1cm at the position 2cm below the grafting opening of the base stock and the intermediate stock. The binding is preferably just attached to the trunk and not dropped. And (5) covering the first-step improved soil on the ridges in a concentrated manner. According to the characteristics of the dwarfing middle stock nursery stock in the existing semi-modern apple orchard, the covering thickness is about 15 cm. And adjusting the covering thickness according to the condition of the nursery stock, wherein the maximum covering thickness is not more than 5cm below a grafting opening of the intermediate stock and the variety. Selecting a strong branch at the top and changing the head at the beginning of 3 months, and selecting and reserving a strong bud on the selected and reserved strong branch and cutting the stem. Performing extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches, wherein the standard requirement of the extreme heavy truncation is to leave a developing bud, and performing the extreme heavy truncation at a position of 1cm above the developing bud. The wound is protected by the healing agent which is used for extremely heavy cuts and has the cut diameter of more than 1.5 cm. The covering ridges are rotarily ploughed for 3 times by using a small-sized rotary plough, and the rotary tillage depth is increased
25 cm. And (5) manually finishing ridges after screwing. In the beginning of 4 months, the side branches with heavy cuts have hidden buds sprouting below the selected buds, and the side branches are cut again until the upper part of the new buds closest to the main stem is 0.5 cm. If the lateral branch with extremely heavy truncation has hidden bud germination at the base part, the lateral branch is cut to the base part of the lateral branch again, and if a plurality of hidden buds germinate at the base part of the lateral branch, bud picking is carried out by adopting the principle of removing strong buds and keeping weak buds. Note that: the mouth side of the fruit branch is arranged at the opposite side of the bud during the secondary shearing so as to avoid shearing the bud. When the flower is bloomed, all flower buds are removed to promote the vegetative growth. 7 ten days in the middle of the month to a diameter less than one quarter of the thickness of the trunk
The side branch of the first branch is pulled to an opening angle of 110 DEG and 130 DEG by an s-shaped opening device. The trunk is subject to bud strengthening and stem cutting at the beginning of 3 months in 2010. And carrying out extremely heavy truncation on all the remaining lateral branches of the branch pulling. Before germination, selecting plump buds of the trunk every 8-10cm, and cutting buds 0.5cm above the plump buds. And (4) bud carving is carried out on the first lateral branch to promote the generation of a new branch. Note that: the selected buds are distributed in the trunk in a spiral shape; the bud only cuts off the phloem without damaging the xylem. And (4) carrying out secondary shearing and bud picking on the extremely-heavy short-cut lateral branches at the beginning of 4 months. And (5) carrying out branch drawing on the lateral branches at the beginning of 7 months. The lateral branches generated by main stem bud cutting are cut off in 3 months in 2011. And (4) bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches before germination. And (4) carrying out secondary shearing on the lateral branches at the beginning of 4 months and bud picking. The lateral branches were cut off extremely heavily in early 3 months in 2012. And (4) carrying out secondary shearing on the lateral branches at the beginning of 4 months and bud picking. And (4) pulling the lateral branches in the middle 7 th of the month. And (4) bud carving treatment is carried out on lateral branches before germination in 2013, and orchard transformation is completed.
Claims (1)
1. A method for reforming a semi-modern apple orchard is characterized in that,
the first step is as follows: improving the interline soil organically; soil improvement is carried out on soil with the width of 1.2m between every two rows of lines, 60 cubic meters of thoroughly decomposed cow dung and 150kg of biological bacterial fertilizer are applied to 667 square meters, a rotary cultivator is used for 3 times, the soil, cow dung and biological bacterial fertilizer are uniformly mixed, the rotary cultivation depth is 15cm, water is thoroughly poured after rotary cultivation, and 150kg of living earthworms are applied to 667 square meters in the evening after 30 days of rotary cultivation;
the second step is that: a lantern ring is added on the top of the base anvil; binding a circle of cloth rope with the width of 1cm to form a lantern ring at a position 2cm below a grafting opening of the anvil and the intermediate anvil;
the third step: covering the inter-row improved soil ridges; the soil improved in the first step is intensively covered on the ridges, the covering thickness is 15cm, and the covering thickness is adjusted according to the condition of the seedlings, and the maximum covering thickness is not more than 5cm below a grafting opening of the intermediate stock and the variety;
the fourth step: branch and head are strengthened, and bud is cut again; selecting a strong branch at the top and changing the head at the beginning of 3 months in the 1 st year, and selecting and reserving a strong bud on the selected and reserved strong branch and cutting the stem;
the fifth step: a side branch is provided with a bud-showing extremely heavy short section, and the medicine is smeared for protection; performing extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches while implementing the fourth step, wherein the standard requirement of the extreme heavy truncation is to leave a developing bud, performing the extreme heavy truncation at a position of 1cm above the developing bud, and protecting the wound by applying healing agent with a cut diameter exceeding 1.5cm to the extreme heavy truncation;
and a sixth step: carrying out rotary tillage and improvement on soil on the ridges, and finishing the ridges; covering ridges in the third step by using a small rotary tillage plough, carrying out rotary tillage for 3 times, carrying out rotary tillage with the depth of 25cm, and manually finishing the ridges after the rotary tillage is finished;
the seventh step: performing primary re-shearing and bud picking; at the beginning of 4 months in the 1 st year, if the lateral branches generated in the fourth step and the fifth step do not have hidden bud germination below the selected and retained bud, the lateral branches are cut again to 0.5cm above the new bud closest to the main stem, if the lateral branches with extremely heavy short sections in the fifth step have hidden bud germination at the base part, the lateral branches are cut again to the base part of the lateral branches, and if the base part of the lateral branches has a plurality of hidden buds germination, the bud picking is carried out by adopting the principle of removing strong and weak retained buds;
eighth step: picking flowers and promoting growth; when the flower blooms in the 1 st year, all flower buds are removed to promote the vegetative growth;
the ninth step: carrying out primary branch drawing; in 7 th month in 1 year, pulling and opening the lateral branches with the diameters less than one fourth of the thickness of the main trunk by using an's' -shaped opener to 110-;
the tenth step: secondary extreme truncation of lateral branches; in the 3 rd month early in the 2 nd year, bud strengthening and trunk cutting are carried out on the trunk promoted in the fourth step, and extreme heavy cutting is carried out on all the lateral branches left by branch pulling in the ninth step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that in the fifth step;
the eleventh step: primary bud carving is carried out on the main trunk and the lateral branches; selecting plump buds of the trunks treated in the tenth step every 8-10cm before sprouting in the 2 nd year, and carving buds 0.5cm above the plump buds; bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches processed in the ninth step to promote new branches;
the twelfth step: secondary re-shearing and bud picking; carrying out re-shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches subjected to the extremely heavy short-cut treatment in the tenth step at the beginning of 4 months in the 2 nd year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the seventh step;
the thirteenth step: secondary branch pulling; carrying out branch drawing on the lateral branches treated in the tenth step and the twelfth step at the beginning of 7 months in the 2 nd year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the ninth step;
the fourteenth step is that: performing tertiary extreme truncation on the lateral branches; in 3 rd year and 3 rd month, performing extremely heavy truncation on lateral branches generated by the main stem bud carving of the eleventh step, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that of the fifth step;
the fifteenth step: secondary bud carving of lateral branches; bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches treated in the tenth step before sprouting in the 3 rd year, and the standard requirements are the same as the tenth step;
sixteenth, step: carrying out third-time repeated shearing and bud picking; carrying out re-shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches treated in the fourteenth step at the beginning of 4 months in the 3 rd year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the seventh step;
seventeenth step: side branches are cut into four times of extremely heavy short sections; carrying out extreme heavy truncation on the lateral branches treated in the sixteenth step at the beginning of 3 months in 4 th year, wherein the standard requirement is the same as that of the fifth step;
and eighteenth step: performing four times of repeated shearing and bud picking; carrying out re-shearing and bud picking on the lateral branches treated in the seventeenth step at the beginning of 4 th month in 4 th year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as those in the seventh step;
the nineteenth step: drawing branches for three times; carrying out branch pulling on the lateral branches processed in the seventeenth step in 7 th month in 4 th year, wherein the standard requirements are the same as the ninth step;
the twentieth step: carrying out three-time bud carving on lateral branches; and (4) bud carving treatment is carried out on the lateral branches subjected to the treatment in the nineteenth step before the germination in the 5 th year, and the standard requirements are the same as those in the tenth step.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101268748A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2008-09-24 | 杨聚德 | Spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple |
| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN105493915A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-20 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | Elongated pinecone apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN105557444A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2016-05-11 | 云南兴彬农业科技有限公司 | Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| MD618Z (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-11-30 | Общественное Учреждение Научно-Практический Институт Садоводства И Пищевых Технологий | Process for pruning apple trees |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101268748A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2008-09-24 | 杨聚德 | Spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple |
| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN105493915A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-20 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | Elongated pinecone apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN105557444A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2016-05-11 | 云南兴彬农业科技有限公司 | Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area |
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