WO2000040774A2 - Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau - Google Patents
Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000040774A2 WO2000040774A2 PCT/EP1999/010371 EP9910371W WO0040774A2 WO 2000040774 A2 WO2000040774 A2 WO 2000040774A2 EP 9910371 W EP9910371 W EP 9910371W WO 0040774 A2 WO0040774 A2 WO 0040774A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- polymer
- parts
- layer
- halogenated
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
- F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1603—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas
- C23C18/1614—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas plating on one side
- C23C18/1616—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas plating on one side interior or inner surface
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1655—Process features
- C23C18/1662—Use of incorporated material in the solution or dispersion, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the surface coating of apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction - including, for example, apparatus, container and reactor walls, discharge devices, fittings, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, dryers, comminution machines, internals,
- a metal layer or a metal-polymer dispersion layer is electrolessly deposited on the apparatus or apparatus parts to be coated by contacting the parts with a metal electrolyte solution, which is next to the metal electrolyte Contains reducing agents and optionally the polymer or polymer mixture to be deposited in dispersed form, at least one polymer being halogenated. Subsequently, annealing is optional.
- Further objects of the invention are surfaces of apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction, which have been coated by the method according to the invention, and the use of the coating containing a metal component, at least one halogenated polymer and optionally further polymers, to reduce the tendency of the coated surfaces to deposit solids from fluids with the formation of deposits.
- the invention relates to apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction, which are coated by the method according to the invention.
- the coatings can be harmful or hinder the process in a variety of ways and lead to the need to repeatedly switch off and clean appropriate reactors or processing machines.
- Measuring devices encrusted with deposits can lead to incorrect and misleading results, which can lead to operating errors.
- Another problem that arises from the formation of deposits is that the molecular parameters, such as molecular weight or degree of crosslinking, differ significantly from the product specifications, in particular in sheets in polymerization reactors. If deposits build up while running
- the deposits whose formation is to be prevented are deposits which can be caused, for example, by reactions with and on surfaces. Further reasons are the adhesion to surfaces, which can be caused by van der Waals forces, polarization effects or electrostatic double layers. Important effects are also stagnation of movement on the surface and, if necessary, reactions in the stagnant layers mentioned. Finally, there are: precipitation from solutions, evaporation residues, cracking on locally hot surfaces and microbiological activities.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for the surface modification of apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction
- the surfaces treated according to the method should have a good shelf life, and the method according to the invention should also be inexpensively applicable to surfaces which are difficult to access, and • on the other hand ensures that the product or products are not contaminated by additives.
- the object of the present invention is to provide protected surfaces of apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction, and finally to use apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a method for coating the surfaces of apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction, characterized in that a metal layer or a metal-polymer dispersion layer is electrolessly deposited on the apparatus or apparatus parts to be coated by the Parts contacted with a metal electrolyte solution which, in addition to the metal electrolyte, contains a reducing agent and optionally the polymer or polymer mixture to be deposited in dispersed form, at least one polymer being halogenated.
- the deposition of the metal layer or the metal-polymer dispersion phases serves to coat the apparatuses and apparatus parts known per se in chemical plant construction.
- the metal layer according to the invention comprises an alloy or alloy-like mixed phase composed of a metal and at least one further element.
- the metal-polymer dispersion phases preferred according to the invention comprise a polymer, in the context of the invention a halogenated polymer, which in the metal layer is dispersed.
- the metal alloy is preferably a metal-boron alloy or a metal-phosphorus alloy with a boron or phosphorus content of 0.5 to 15% by weight.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the coatings according to the invention is a so-called “chemical nickel system”, that is to say phosphorus-containing nickel alloys with a phosphorus content of 0.5 to 15% by weight; phosphorus-containing nickel alloys with 5 to 12% by weight are very particularly preferred.
- the metal-polymer dispersion layer preferred according to the invention which is also referred to as a composite layer, contains a metal component and at least one polymer, in the context of the invention at least one halogenated polymer and optionally further polymers which are dispersed in the metal component.
- the electrons required for chemical or autocatalytic deposition are not provided by an external power source, but are generated by chemical conversion in the electrolyte itself (oxidation of a reducing agent).
- the coating takes place, for example, by immersing the workpiece in a metal electrolyte solution, which has optionally been mixed beforehand with a stabilized polymer dispersion.
- metal electrolyte solutions are usually used as metal electrolyte solutions, to which the following components are added in addition to the electrolyte: a reducing agent such as an alkali metal hypophosphite or boranate (for example NaBH 4 ), a buffer mixture for adjusting the pH; optionally an activator such as an alkali metal fluoride, preferred are NaF, KF or LiF; Carboxylic acids and optionally a deposition moderator such as Pb 2+ .
- a reducing agent such as an alkali metal hypophosphite or boranate (for example NaBH 4 ), a buffer mixture for adjusting the pH
- an activator such as an alkali metal fluoride, preferred are NaF, KF or LiF
- Carboxylic acids optionally a deposition moderator such as Pb 2+ .
- the reducing agent is selected so that the corresponding element to be installed is already present in the reducing agent.
- the optionally used halogenated polymer of the process according to the invention is halogenated and preferably fluorinated.
- suitable fluorinated polymers are polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA, for example with Ci-Ca alkoxy units), copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, for example perfluorovinyl propyl ether.
- PFA perfluoroalkoxy polymers
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PFA perfluoroalkoxy polymers
- Commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene dispersions (PTFE dispersions) are usefully used as the form of use.
- PTFE dispersions with a solids content of 35 to 60% by weight and an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 1.2 ⁇ m, in particular 0.1 to 0.3 ⁇ m, are preferably used.
- Spherical particles are particularly preferred because the use of spherical particles leads to very homogeneous composite layers.
- the advantage of using spherical particles is faster layer growth and better, in particular longer, thermal stability of the baths, which offers economic advantages. This can be seen particularly clearly in comparison to systems using irregular polymer particles which are obtained by grinding the corresponding polymer.
- the dispersions used can be a nonionic detergent (for example polyglycols, alkylphenol ethoxylate or optionally mixtures of the substances mentioned, 80 to 120 g of neutral detergent per liter) or an ionic detergent (for example alkyl and haloalkylsulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylphenol ether sulfates, tetraalkylammonium salts or optional Mixtures of the substances mentioned, 15 to 60 g of ionic detergent per liter) to stabilize the dispersion.
- Fluorinated surfactants neutral and ionic
- Coating is carried out at a slightly elevated temperature which, however, must not be so high that the dispersion is destabilized. Temperatures of 40 to 95 ° C have proven to be suitable. Temperatures of 80 to 91 ° C. are preferred and 88 ° C. is particularly preferred.
- Deposition rates of 1 to 15 ⁇ m / h have proven to be useful.
- the deposition speed can be influenced as follows by the composition of the immersion baths:
- the deposition rate is increased by higher temperatures, there being a maximum temperature which is limited, for example, by the stability of the optionally added polymer dispersion.
- the separation speed is reduced by lower temperatures.
- the deposition rate is increased by higher electrolyte concentrations and reduced by lower ones; where concentrations of 1 g / 1 to 20 g / 1 Ni 2+ are useful, concentrations of 4 g / 1 to 10 g / 1 are preferred; for Cu 2+ 1 g / 1 to 50 g / 1 are advisable.
- the deposition rate can also be increased by higher concentrations of reducing agent;
- the deposition rate can be increased by increasing the pH. It is preferred to set a pH between 3 and 6, particularly preferably between 4 and 5.5. Addition of activators such as alkali fluorides, for example NaF or KF, increases the deposition rate.
- Ni 2+ , sodium hypophosphite, carboxylic acids and fluoride and optionally deposition moderators such as Pb 2+ are particularly preferably used.
- Such solutions are sold, for example, by Riedel, Galvano- und Filtertechnik GmbH, Halle, Westphalia and Atotech GmbH, Berlin.
- Particularly preferred are solutions which have a pH around 5 and about 27 g / 1 NiS0-6 H 2 0 and about 21 g / 1 NaH 2 P0 2 -H 2 0 with a PTFE content of 1 to 25 g / 1 included.
- the polymer content of the dispersion coating is mainly influenced by the amount of polymer dispersion added and the choice of detergents.
- the concentration of the polymer plays the greater role here; High polymer concentrations in the immersion baths lead to a disproportionately high proportion of polymer in the metal-phosphorus-polymer dispersion layer or metal-boron-polymer dispersion layer.
- the parts to be coated are immersed in immersion baths that contain the metal electrolyte solution.
- Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the containers to be coated are filled with a metal electrolyte solution.
- Another suitable method is to pump the electrolyte solution through the part to be coated; this variant is particularly recommended when the diameter of the part to be coated is much smaller than the length.
- the annealing time is generally 5 minutes to 3 hours, preferably 35 to 60 minutes.
- the surfaces treated according to the invention enable good heat transfer, although the coatings can have a not inconsiderable thickness of 1 to 100 ⁇ m. 3 to 50 ⁇ m, in particular 5 to 25 ⁇ m, are preferred.
- the polymer content of the dispersion coating is 5 to 30 Vol .-%, preferably 15 to 25 vol .-%.
- the surfaces treated according to the invention also have excellent durability.
- the metal-polymer dispersion layer contains an additional polymer in order to further reinforce the non-stick properties of the coating.
- This polymer can be halogenated or non-halogenated.
- the use of polytetrafluoroethylene or ethylene polymers and ethylene copolymers or polypropylene is particularly preferred, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHM-PE) being very particularly preferred.
- UHM-PE is understood to mean a polyethylene which has a molecular weight M w of 10 6 g or more and a Staudinger index of at least 15 dl / g, preferably at least 20 dl / g.
- This optionally used polymer is also added as a dispersion or slurry in an aqueous surfactant solution, the order in which the dispersions are added is not critical. However, it is preferable to meter both polymer dispersions simultaneously.
- Aqueous dispersions of UHM-PE are commercially available, for example from Clariant GmbH, or can be easily prepared by dispersing the UHM-PE in a suitable aqueous surfactant solution.
- Neutral detergents for example polyglycols, alkylphenol ethoxylate or optionally mixtures thereof, 80 to 120 g of neutral detergent per liter
- ionic detergents for example alkyl and haloalkyl sulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylphenol ether sulfates, tetraalkylammonium salts or optionally mixtures of the aforementioned
- ionic detergents for example alkyl and haloalkyl sulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylphenol ether sulfates, tetraalkylammonium salts or optionally mixtures of the aforementioned
- Fluorinated surfactants neutral or ionic
- the particles of the further halogenated or non-halogenated polymer are coarser than those of the halogenated polymer. Average particle diameters of 5 to 50 ⁇ m have been found to be advantageous. 25-35 ⁇ m are particularly advantageous. It is possible that spherical particles are used when using the additional coarser polymer, but the particles of the additional polymer may also have an irregular shape.
- the particle diameter distribution of the various polymers as a whole is to be regarded as bimodal. 1 to 20 g, preferably 5 to, are used per liter of the immersion bath solution
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the production of modified, i.e. Coated surfaces of apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction, which are particularly adhesive, durable and heat-resistant and therefore solve the problem according to the invention in a special way.
- This process is characterized in that, before the metal-polymer dispersion layer is applied, an additional 1 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m, thick metal-phosphor layer is applied by electroless chemical deposition.
- the electroless chemical application of a 1 to 15 ⁇ m thick metal-phosphorus layer to improve adhesion is again carried out by metal electrolyte baths, to which, however, no stabilized polymer dispersion is added in this case. Tempering is preferably dispensed with at this point in time, since this generally has a negative effect on the adhesiveness of the subsequent metal-polymer dispersion layer.
- the workpiece is placed in a second immersion bath which, in addition to the metal electrolyte, also comprises a stabilized polymer dispersion.
- the metal-polymer dispersion layer forms here.
- This method is additionally characterized in that, before the metal-polymer dispersion layer is applied, an additional 1 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m, thick metal-phosphor layer is applied by electroless chemical deposition.
- the electroless chemical application of a 1 to 15 ⁇ m thick metal-phosphor layer to improve the adhesion takes place through the already described metal electrolyte baths, to which, however, no stabilized polymer dispersions are added in this case. Tempering is preferably dispensed with at this point in time, since this generally has a negative effect on the adhesiveness of the subsequent metal-polymer dispersion layer.
- the workpiece is placed in the immersion bath described above, which in addition to the metal electrolyte also contains a stabilized polymer dispersion. This forms the metal-polymer dispersion layer.
- the finished coating is preferably not tempered.
- the additional metal-phosphor layer is nickel-phosphorus or copper-phosphorus, with nickel-phosphorus being particularly preferred.
- the method according to the invention can be used on all surfaces of apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction threatened by deposits, the surfaces preferably being surfaces made of metal, particularly preferably made of steel.
- Container and apparatus walls can be present in various containers, apparatus or reactors that are used for chemical reactions.
- Containers are, for example, receptacles or collecting containers such as tubs, silos, tanks, drums, drums or gas containers.
- the apparatus and reactors are liquid, gas / liquid, liquid / liquid, solid / liquid, gas / solid or gas reactors, which are implemented in the following ways, for example:
- Discharge devices are, for example, discharge nozzles, discharge funnels, discharge pipes, valves, discharge taps or discharge devices.
- - Faucets are, for example, taps, valves, slides, rupture disks, non-return flaps or disks.
- Pumps are, for example, centrifugal, gear, screw, eccentric screw, rotary lobe, reciprocating, diaphragm, screw trough, or jet liquid pumps, as well as reciprocating, reciprocating diaphragm, rotary lobe, Rotary vane, liquid ring, roller piston, liquid ring or propellant vacuum pumps.
- Filter devices are, for example, fluid filters, fixed bed filters, gas filters, sieves or separators.
- Compressors are, for example, reciprocating, reciprocating diaphragm, rotary lobe, rotary slide, liquid ring, rotary, Roots, screw, jet or turbo compressors.
- Centrifuges are, for example, centrifuges with a screen jacket or a full jacket, with plate, full jacket - screw (decanters), screen screw and pusher centrifuges being preferred.
- Columns are containers with exchange trays, with bell, valve or sieve trays being preferred.
- the columns can be filled with different packing such as saddle packing, Raschig rings or balls.
- Crushers with hammer, impact, roller or jaw crushers being preferred; or around mills, with hammer, impact basket, pin, impact, tube, drum, ball, vibrating, roller mills being preferred.
- Installations in reactors and vessels are, for example, thermal sleeves, baffles, foam destroyers, fillers, spacers, centering devices, flange connections, static mixers, for analysis. instruments such as pH or IR probes, conductivity measuring instruments, level measuring devices or foam probes.
- Extruder elements are, for example, screw shafts, elements, extruder cylinders, plasticizing screws or injection nozzles.
- the invention furthermore relates to apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction which are obtainable by the inventive method for surface modification.
- the surfaces according to the invention are preferably produced by using the method according to the invention.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the surface modification according to the invention to reduce the tendency of the coated surfaces to deposit solids with the formation of deposits.
- the deposits, the formation of which is prevented according to the invention, have already been described.
- Another object of the invention are coated apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction.
- the reactors, reactor parts and processing machines for chemical products according to the invention are distinguished by a longer service life, reduced shutdown rates and reduced cleaning effort.
- the reactors according to the invention can be used for numerous different reactions, such as polymerizations, syntheses of bulk or fine chemicals or pharmaceutical products and their precursors, as well as cracking reactions.
- the processes are continuous, semi-continuous or batchwise, with the use of the apparatuses and apparatus parts according to the invention for chemical plant construction being particularly suitable in continuously operated processes.
- the coating was carried out in two stages. First, several parts of the autoclave were removed: stirrer, thermowells, baffles, covers and parts of the inside of the reactor. These parts were immersed at a temperature of 88 ° C in a tub containing 2 liters of an aqueous nickel salt solution, the solution having the following composition: 27 g / 1 NiS0-6 H 2 0, 21 g / 1 NaH 2 P0 2 -2H 2 0, 20 g / 1 lactic acid CH 3 CHOHC0 2 H, 3 g / 1 propionic acid C 2 H 5 CO 2 H, 5 g / 1 Na citrate, 1 g / 1 NaF. The pH was 4.8. It was worked for 45 minutes in order to obtain the desired layer thickness of 9 ⁇ m.
- the reactor parts were then immersed in a second trough to which, in addition to 2 liters of an analog nickel salt solution, an additional 20 ml, ie 1% by volume, of a PTFE dispersion having a density of 1.5 g / ml had been added.
- This PTFE dispersion contained 50% by weight solids.
- the process was completed in 90 minutes (layer thickness 15 ⁇ m).
- the coated reactor parts were rinsed with water, dried and annealed at 350 ° C. for one hour.
- the coating was carried out in two stages. First, several parts of the autoclave were removed: stirrer, thermowells, baffles, covers and parts of the inside of the reactor. These parts were immersed at a temperature of 88 ° C in a tub containing 2 liters of an aqueous nickel salt solution, the solution having the following composition: 27 g / 1 NiS0-6 H 2 0, 21 g / 1 NaH 2 P0 2 -2H 2 0, 20 g / 1 lactic acid CH 3 CHOHC0 2 H, 3 g / 1 propionic acid C 2 H 5 C0 2 H, 5 g / 1 Na citrate, 1 g / 1 NaF. The pH was 4.8. It was worked for 45 minutes in order to obtain the desired layer thickness of 9 ⁇ m.
- the reactor parts were then immersed in a second trough, to which, in addition to 2 liters of an analog nickel salt solution, 20 ml, ie 1% by volume, of a PTFE dispersion having a density of 1.5 g / ml had been added; further 7 g / 1 UHM-PE (Clariant AG) were added.
- This PTFE / UHM PE dispersion contained 50% by weight solids.
- the process was completed in 90 minutes (layer thickness 15 ⁇ m).
- the coated reactor parts were rinsed with water and dried at room temperature. The tempering was dispensed with.
- the reactor parts were installed in a test autoclave for the production of polystyrene.
- the stirred kettle thus contained both coated and uncoated parts that could be tested in polymerisation tests under identical conditions.
- the polymerization was carried out as follows:
- the reaction was terminated after a total of 20 hours, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature within 1 hour and the stirred kettle was emptied.
- the inspection of the stirred tank showed that at all points coated with the coating according to the invention a significantly lower polymer coating could be seen than at uncoated points.
- the polymer coverings at locations coated with a coating according to the invention were easier to remove than the coverings at uncoated locations.
- the evaluation can be found in Table 1. In some cases, the covering could be rubbed off manually at locations coated with a coating according to the invention. If the coating on areas coated with a coating according to the invention had to be removed by dissolving in toluene or another suitable solvent, the dissolution times were significantly shorter than for coatings on non-coated areas.
- the stirrer was coated. Again, it was observed that deposits were significantly reduced in areas coated by the process according to the invention and were easier to remove than in uncoated areas.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT99967007T ATE237006T1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau |
DE59905005T DE59905005D1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau |
JP2000592466A JP2003511551A (ja) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | 化学プラント建造物用装置及び装置部品の被覆方法 |
EP99967007A EP1144723B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau |
US09/869,139 US6617047B1 (en) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Method for coating apparatuses and parts of apparatuses used in chemical manufacturing |
KR1020017008317A KR20010100013A (ko) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | 화학 공업에서 사용되는 장치 및 장치 부품의 코팅 방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE19860526.9 | 1998-12-30 | ||
DE19860526A DE19860526A1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1998-12-30 | Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter Neigung, Ablagerungen zu bilden und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2000040774A2 true WO2000040774A2 (de) | 2000-07-13 |
WO2000040774A3 WO2000040774A3 (de) | 2002-09-26 |
Family
ID=7892984
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP1999/010372 WO2000040775A2 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von reaktoren für die hochdruckpolymerisation von 1-olefinen |
PCT/EP1999/010368 WO2000040773A2 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter neigung, ablagerungen zu bilden und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
PCT/EP1999/010371 WO2000040774A2 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau |
Family Applications Before (2)
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PCT/EP1999/010372 WO2000040775A2 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von reaktoren für die hochdruckpolymerisation von 1-olefinen |
PCT/EP1999/010368 WO2000040773A2 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter neigung, ablagerungen zu bilden und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6617047B1 (de) |
EP (3) | EP1144723B1 (de) |
JP (3) | JP2002534606A (de) |
KR (3) | KR20010100013A (de) |
CN (3) | CN1636305A (de) |
AT (3) | ATE237006T1 (de) |
CA (2) | CA2358097A1 (de) |
DE (4) | DE19860526A1 (de) |
ES (2) | ES2204184T3 (de) |
WO (3) | WO2000040775A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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DE10241947A1 (de) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-04-03 | Magna Steyr Powertrain Ag & Co | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung eines Maschinenelementes und Maschinenelement |
AU2008221512B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2010-08-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Rolled tissue products having high bulk, softness and firmness |
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- 1999-12-24 AT AT99967007T patent/ATE237006T1/de active
- 1999-12-24 US US09/869,139 patent/US6617047B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-24 KR KR1020017008317A patent/KR20010100013A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-24 US US09/869,147 patent/US6509103B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-24 DE DE59903362T patent/DE59903362D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 ES ES99965554T patent/ES2204184T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 CN CNA998163821A patent/CN1636305A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-24 CA CA002358097A patent/CA2358097A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-24 JP JP2000592467A patent/JP2002534606A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 JP JP2000592466A patent/JP2003511551A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 DE DE59905005T patent/DE59905005D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 KR KR1020017008309A patent/KR20010100009A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-24 CN CN99815259A patent/CN1332810A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-24 EP EP99967007A patent/EP1144723B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 WO PCT/EP1999/010372 patent/WO2000040775A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-24 CN CN99816373A patent/CN1338008A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-24 KR KR1020017008321A patent/KR20010103724A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-24 AT AT99964672T patent/ATE227360T1/de active
- 1999-12-24 CA CA002358099A patent/CA2358099A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-24 WO PCT/EP1999/010368 patent/WO2000040773A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-24 WO PCT/EP1999/010371 patent/WO2000040774A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-24 AT AT99965554T patent/ATE245210T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-24 ES ES99967007T patent/ES2197710T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 US US09/869,275 patent/US6513581B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-24 EP EP99965554A patent/EP1144725B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10241947A1 (de) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-04-03 | Magna Steyr Powertrain Ag & Co | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung eines Maschinenelementes und Maschinenelement |
AU2008221512B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2010-08-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Rolled tissue products having high bulk, softness and firmness |
AU2008221512B8 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2010-12-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Rolled tissue products having high bulk, softness and firmness |
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