KR100877838B1 - 2계통 연료 분사식 내연 기관 - Google Patents
2계통 연료 분사식 내연 기관 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100877838B1 KR100877838B1 KR1020077020304A KR20077020304A KR100877838B1 KR 100877838 B1 KR100877838 B1 KR 100877838B1 KR 1020077020304 A KR1020077020304 A KR 1020077020304A KR 20077020304 A KR20077020304 A KR 20077020304A KR 100877838 B1 KR100877838 B1 KR 100877838B1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
- F02P5/15—Digital data processing
- F02P5/1502—Digital data processing using one central computing unit
- F02P5/1514—Digital data processing using one central computing unit with means for optimising the use of registers or of memories, e.g. interpolation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
- F02P5/15—Digital data processing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3094—Controlling fuel injection the fuel injection being effected by at least two different injectors, e.g. one in the intake manifold and one in the cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/32—Controlling fuel injection of the low pressure type
- F02D41/34—Controlling fuel injection of the low pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10006—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the position of elements of the air intake system in direction of the air intake flow, i.e. between ambient air inlet and supply to the combustion chamber
- F02M35/10078—Connections of intake systems to the engine
- F02M35/10085—Connections of intake systems to the engine having a connecting piece, e.g. a flange, between the engine and the air intake being foreseen with a throttle valve, fuel injector, mixture ducts or the like
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/1015—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the engine type
- F02M35/10177—Engines having multiple fuel injectors or carburettors per cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10209—Fluid connections to the air intake system; their arrangement of pipes, valves or the like
- F02M35/10216—Fuel injectors; Fuel pipes or rails; Fuel pumps or pressure regulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/104—Intake manifolds
- F02M35/116—Intake manifolds for engines with cylinders in V-arrangement or arranged oppositely relative to the main shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
- F02M63/0275—Arrangement of common rails
- F02M63/0285—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail
- F02M63/029—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail per cylinder bank, e.g. storing different fuels or fuels at different pressure levels per cylinder bank
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
- F02M63/0275—Arrangement of common rails
- F02M63/0285—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail
- F02M63/0295—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail for V- or star- or boxer-engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M69/042—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit
- F02M69/046—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit for injecting into both the combustion chamber and the intake conduit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
- F02P5/15—Digital data processing
- F02P5/152—Digital data processing dependent on pinking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
- F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/16—Indirect injection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B23/104—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the injector being placed on a side position of the cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M69/042—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit
- F02M69/044—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit for injecting into the intake conduit downstream of an air throttle valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
- F02M69/462—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down
- F02M69/465—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down of fuel rails
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
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- Electrical Control Of Ignition Timing (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
- 통내 분사용 인젝터 및 흡기관 분사용 인젝터와,내연 기관의 운전 상태를 검지하는 운전 상태 검지 수단과,상기 운전 상태를 감시함과 아울러 상기 운전 상태에 의존해서 상기 통내 분사용 인젝터 및 상기 흡기관 분사용 인젝터 각각의 연료 분사량을 제어하는 분사량 제어 수단과,상기 통내 분사용 인젝터만을 이용해서 연료 분사를 한 경우의 상기 내연 기관의 점화 시기를 최대 토크 발생 시기에 일치하도록 상기 내연 기관의 운전 상태에 기초해서 할당한 제 1 점화 시기 맵, 및 상기 통내 분사용 인젝터만을 이용해서 연료 분사를 한 경우의 상기 내연 기관의 점화 시기를 노킹 한계 토크 발생 시기에 일치하도록 상기 내연 기관의 운전 상태에 기초해서 할당한 제 2 점화 시기 맵, 및 상기 흡기관 분사용 인젝터만을 이용해서 연료 분사를 한 경우의 상기 내연 기관의 점화 시기를 최대 토크 발생 시기에 일치하도록 상기 내연 기관의 운전 상태에 기초해서 할당한 제 3 점화 시기 맵, 및 상기 흡기관 분사용 인젝터만을 이용해서 연료 분사를 한 경우의 상기 내연 기관의 점화 시기를 노킹 한계 토크 발생 시기에 일치하도록 상기 내연 기관의 운전 상태에 기초해서 할당한 제 4 점화 시기 맵을 구비한 기억 수단과,상기 통내 분사용 인젝터 및 상기 흡기관 분사용 인젝터가 각각 분사하는 상기 연료 분사량의 비율, 및 상기 4종류의 점화 시기 맵을 이용해서 기통의 점화 시기를 제어하는 점화 시기 제어 수단을 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 2계통 연료 분사식 내연 기관.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 운전 상태 검지 수단이 검지한 운전 상태에 있어서, 상기 제 1 내지 제 4 점화 시기 맵 중에 할당된 값을 참조해서 기본 점화 시기를 산출하고, 상기 연료 분사량의 비율에 의존해서 상기 제 1 점화 시기 맵의 상기 기본 점화 시기 및 상기 제 3 점화 시기 맵의 상기 기본 점화 시기를 보간 연산한 제 1 보간값을 산출함과 아울러, 상기 연료 분사량의 비율에 의존해서 상기 제 2 점화 시기 맵의 상기 기본 점화 시기 및 상기 제 4 점화 시기 맵의 상기 기본 점화 시기를 보간 연산한 제 2 보간값을 산출하고, 상기 제 1 보간값과 상기 제 2 보간값을 비교해서 어느 하나의 지각측의 상기 보간값을 상기 기통의 점화 시기로 하는 점화 시기 산출 수단을 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 2계통 연료 분사식 내연 기관.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 상기 운전 상태 검지 수단은 상기 내연 기관의 냉각수의 수온을 검지하는 수온 검지 수단을 구비하고;상기 점화 시기 산출 수단은 상기 냉각수의 수온에 의존해서 상기 기통의 점화 시기의 보정량을 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 2계통 연료 분사식 내연 기관.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 운전 상태 검지 수단은:내연 기관 회전수 검지 수단과,내연 기관 부하 검지 수단을 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 2계통 연료 분사식 내연 기관.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 내연 기관 부하 검지 수단은,흡입 공기량 검지 수단과,액셀러레이터 개방도 검지 수단과,흡기관 부압 검지 수단 중 어느 하나 이상을 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 2계통 연료 분사식 내연 기관.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JPJP-P-2005-00080698 | 2005-03-18 | ||
JP2005080698 | 2005-03-18 |
Publications (2)
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KR20070101378A KR20070101378A (ko) | 2007-10-16 |
KR100877838B1 true KR100877838B1 (ko) | 2009-01-08 |
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KR1020077020304A KR100877838B1 (ko) | 2005-03-18 | 2006-03-10 | 2계통 연료 분사식 내연 기관 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7216627B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1881192B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP4369514B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100877838B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN101142403B (ko) |
AU (1) | AU2006225810B2 (ko) |
BR (1) | BRPI0609367B1 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2602060C (ko) |
RU (1) | RU2358143C1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2006100943A1 (ko) |
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KR100890577B1 (ko) * | 2005-03-18 | 2009-03-25 | 도요타 지도샤(주) | 2계통 연료 분사식 엔진 |
WO2006100938A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | 2系統燃料噴射式内燃機関 |
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CN101142403A (zh) | 2008-03-12 |
JPWO2006100943A1 (ja) | 2008-09-04 |
CA2602060A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
KR20070101378A (ko) | 2007-10-16 |
RU2358143C1 (ru) | 2009-06-10 |
EP1881192A1 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
US20060207555A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
CA2602060C (en) | 2011-05-17 |
EP1881192B1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
BRPI0609367B1 (pt) | 2018-08-28 |
WO2006100943A1 (ja) | 2006-09-28 |
CN101142403B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
JP4369514B2 (ja) | 2009-11-25 |
AU2006225810B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
BRPI0609367A2 (pt) | 2010-03-30 |
US7216627B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
EP1881192A4 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
AU2006225810A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
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