JP4211860B2 - 電動車両の充電制御装置、電動車両、電動車両の充電制御方法およびその充電制御をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体 - Google Patents
電動車両の充電制御装置、電動車両、電動車両の充電制御方法およびその充電制御をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4211860B2 JP4211860B2 JP2007115889A JP2007115889A JP4211860B2 JP 4211860 B2 JP4211860 B2 JP 4211860B2 JP 2007115889 A JP2007115889 A JP 2007115889A JP 2007115889 A JP2007115889 A JP 2007115889A JP 4211860 B2 JP4211860 B2 JP 4211860B2
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Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による充電制御システムの全体図である。図1を参照して、充電制御システム100は、車両10と、充電ステーション30と、サーバ40とを備える。
図2は、図1に示した車両10の概略構成図である。図2を参照して、車両10は、動力出力装置150と、車両ECU152と、記憶部154と、モデム156と、電力線ACL1,ACL2と、コネクタ158とを含む。電力線ACL1,ACL2は、図1に示した接続ケーブル20に対応する。
図6は、図1に示した車両10における走行履歴収集処理に関するフローチャートである。なお、このフローチャートの処理は、一定時間毎または所定の条件が成立するごとにメインルーチンから呼び出されて実行される。
図7は、図3に示したインバータ220,230およびモータジェネレータMG1,MG2の零相等価回路を示した図である。図7を参照して、インバータ220,230の各々は、上述のように三相ブリッジ回路から成り、各インバータにおける6個のスイッチング素子のオン/オフの組合わせは8パターン存在する。その8つのスイッチングパターンのうち2つは相間電圧が零となり、そのような電圧状態は零電圧ベクトルと称される。零電圧ベクトルについては、上アームの3つのスイッチング素子は互いに同じスイッチング状態(全てオンまたはオフ)とみなすことができ、また、下アームの3つのスイッチング素子も互いに同じスイッチング状態とみなすことができる。
図8は、図1に示した充電ECU32の機能ブロック図である。図8を参照して、充電ECU32は、走行パターン抽出部112と、エネルギーコスト予測部114と、寿命予測部116と、使用コスト予測部118と、表示制御部120と、充電指令出力部122とを含む。
実施の形態1では、過去の走行履歴に基づいてエネルギーコストおよび蓄電装置Bの使用コストを予測するものとしたが、この実施の形態2では、車両のナビゲーション装置によって設定される走行経路に基づいてエネルギーコストおよび蓄電装置Bの使用コストが予測される。
この実施の形態3では、実施の形態1において充電ステーション30側で行なわれる処理が全て車両において実施される。
この実施の形態4では、実施の形態2において充電ステーション30側で行なわれる処理が全て車両において実施される。
なお、上記において、充電ECU32,32Aにおける制御は、実際には、CPU(Central Processing Unit)によって行なわれ、CPUは、図13,16に示したフローチャートの各ステップを備えるプログラムをROM(Read Only Memory)から読出し、その読出したプログラムを実行して図13,16に示したフローチャートに従って処理を実行する。したがって、ROMは、図13,16に示したフローチャートの各ステップを備えるプログラムを記録したコンピュータ(CPU)読取可能な記録媒体に相当する。
Claims (14)
- 車両に搭載された蓄電装置を車両外部の電源から充電可能に構成された電動車両の充電制御装置であって、
走行時のエネルギー消費量に基づいて次回走行時のエネルギーコストを予測するエネルギーコスト予測部と、
前記蓄電装置への充電量と前記蓄電装置の寿命との関係を用いて、前記蓄電装置への充電量に応じた前記蓄電装置の寿命を予測する寿命予測部と、
前記寿命予測部によって予測される前記蓄電装置の寿命に基づいて、前記蓄電装置への充電量に応じた前記蓄電装置の使用コストを予測する使用コスト予測部と、
前記エネルギーコストおよび前記蓄電装置の使用コストを前記蓄電装置への充電量と関連付けて利用者に対して報知する報知部と、
前記利用者の指示に従って、前記電源から前記蓄電装置への充電の実行を指示する指令を生成する充電指令生成部とを備える電動車両の充電制御装置。 - 前記電動車両は、
内燃機関と、
前記内燃機関の出力を用いて発電可能に構成された発電装置と、
前記発電装置によって発電された電力を蓄電可能な前記蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置から電力の供給を受けて車両走行用の駆動力を発生する電動機と、
走行時の走行履歴を収集して記憶する走行履歴収集部と、
前記車両外部の電源から電力を受けて前記蓄電装置を充電可能に構成された充電装置とを含み、
前記エネルギーコスト予測部は、前記走行履歴収集部によって収集された走行履歴に基づいて前記内燃機関の燃料消費量および前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を算出し、その算出された燃料消費量および電力消費量に基づいて次回走行時の燃料コストおよび電力コストをそれぞれ予測し、
前記寿命予測部は、前記算出された前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を前記充電装置による前記蓄電装置への充電量として前記蓄電装置の寿命を予測する、請求項1に記載の電動車両の充電制御装置。 - 前記電動車両は、
内燃機関と、
前記内燃機関の出力を用いて発電可能に構成された発電装置と、
前記発電装置によって発電された電力を蓄電可能な前記蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置から電力の供給を受けて車両走行用の駆動力を発生する電動機と、
走行経路を設定可能なナビゲーション装置と、
前記車両外部の電源から電力を受けて前記蓄電装置を充電可能に構成された充電装置とを含み、
前記エネルギーコスト予測部は、前記ナビゲーション装置によって設定された走行経路に基づいて前記内燃機関の燃料消費量および前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を算出し、その算出された燃料消費量および電力消費量に基づいて次回走行時の燃料コストおよび電力コストをそれぞれ予測し、
前記寿命予測部は、前記算出された前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を前記充電装置による前記蓄電装置への充電量として前記蓄電装置の寿命を予測する、請求項1に記載の電動車両の充電制御装置。 - 前記電動車両は、前記蓄電装置の充電状態を示す状態量の目標が未設定である第1のモードと前記状態量の目標が設定される第2のモードとを含む走行モードの切替を制御する走行モード制御部をさらに含む、請求項2または請求項3に記載の電動車両の充電制御装置。
- 前記走行モード制御部は、前記充電装置による前記蓄電装置の充電完了後、前記走行モードを前記第1のモードとし、前記状態量の目標を示す規定値近傍に前記状態量が低下すると、前記走行モードを前記第2のモードに切替え、その後、前記状態量が前記規定値近傍になるように前記発電装置による発電を制御する、請求項4に記載の電動車両の充電制御装置。
- 充放電可能な蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置から電力の供給を受けて車両走行用の駆動力を発生する電動機と、
車両外部の電源から電力を受けて前記蓄電装置を充電可能に構成された充電装置と、
走行時のエネルギー消費量に基づいて次回走行時のエネルギーコストを予測するエネルギーコスト予測部と、
前記蓄電装置への充電量と前記蓄電装置の寿命との関係を用いて、前記蓄電装置への充電量に応じた前記蓄電装置の寿命を予測する寿命予測部と、
前記寿命予測部によって予測される前記蓄電装置の寿命に基づいて、前記蓄電装置への充電量に応じた前記蓄電装置の使用コストを予測する使用コスト予測部と、
前記エネルギーコストおよび前記蓄電装置の使用コストを前記蓄電装置への充電量と関連付けて利用者に対して報知する報知部と、
前記利用者の指示に従って、前記充電装置による前記電源から前記蓄電装置への充電を制御する充電制御部とを備える電動車両。 - 内燃機関と、
前記内燃機関の出力を用いて発電可能に構成された発電装置と、
走行時の走行履歴を収集して記憶する走行履歴収集部とをさらに備え、
前記蓄電装置は、前記発電装置によって発電された電力を蓄電可能であり、
前記エネルギーコスト予測部は、前記走行履歴収集部によって収集された走行履歴に基づいて前記内燃機関の燃料消費量および前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を算出し、その算出された燃料消費量および電力消費量に基づいて次回走行時の燃料コストおよび電力コストをそれぞれ予測し、
前記寿命予測部は、前記算出された前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を前記充電装置による前記蓄電装置への充電量として前記蓄電装置の寿命を予測する、請求項6に記載の電動車両。 - 内燃機関と、
前記内燃機関の出力を用いて発電可能に構成された発電装置と、
走行経路を設定可能なナビゲーション装置とをさらに備え、
前記蓄電装置は、前記発電装置によって発電された電力を蓄電可能であり、
前記エネルギーコスト予測部は、前記ナビゲーション装置によって設定された走行経路に基づいて前記内燃機関の燃料消費量および前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を算出し、その算出された燃料消費量および電力消費量に基づいて次回走行時の燃料コストおよび電力コストをそれぞれ予測し、
前記寿命予測部は、前記算出された前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を前記充電装置による前記蓄電装置への充電量として前記蓄電装置の寿命を予測する、請求項6に記載の電動車両。 - 前記蓄電装置の充電状態を示す状態量の目標が未設定である第1のモードと前記状態量の目標が設定される第2のモードとを含む走行モードの切替を制御する走行モード制御部をさらに備える、請求項7または請求項8に記載の電動車両。
- 前記走行モード制御部は、前記充電装置による前記蓄電装置の充電完了後、前記走行モードを前記第1のモードとし、前記状態量の目標を示す規定値近傍に前記状態量が低下すると、前記走行モードを前記第2のモードに切替え、その後、前記状態量が前記規定値近傍になるように前記発電装置による発電を制御する、請求項9に記載の電動車両。
- 車両に搭載された蓄電装置を車両外部の電源から充電可能に構成された電動車両の充電制御方法であって、
走行時のエネルギー消費量に基づいて次回走行時のエネルギーコストを予測するステップと、
前記蓄電装置への充電量と前記蓄電装置の寿命との関係を用いて、前記蓄電装置への充電量に応じた前記蓄電装置の寿命を予測するステップと、
その予測された前記蓄電装置の寿命に基づいて、前記蓄電装置への充電量に応じた前記蓄電装置の使用コストを予測するステップと、
前記エネルギーコストおよび前記蓄電装置の使用コストを前記蓄電装置への充電量と関連付けて利用者に対して報知するステップと、
前記利用者の指示に従って、前記電源から前記蓄電装置への充電の実行を指示する指令を生成するステップとを備える、電動車両の充電制御方法。 - 前記電動車両の走行時の走行履歴を収集するステップをさらに備え、
前記電動車両は、
内燃機関と、
前記内燃機関の出力を用いて発電可能に構成された発電装置と、
前記発電装置によって発電された電力を蓄電可能な前記蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置から電力の供給を受けて車両走行用の駆動力を発生する電動機と、
前記車両外部の電源から電力を受けて前記蓄電装置を充電可能に構成された充電装置とを含み、
前記エネルギーコストを予測するステップにおいて、前記走行履歴を収集するステップにおいて収集された走行履歴に基づいて前記内燃機関の燃料消費量および前記蓄電装置の電力消費量が算出され、その算出された燃料消費量および電力消費量に基づいて次回走行時の燃料コストおよび電力コストがそれぞれ予測され、
前記蓄電装置の寿命を予測するステップにおいて、前記算出された前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を前記充電装置による前記蓄電装置への充電量として前記蓄電装置の寿命が予測される、請求項11に記載の電動車両の充電制御方法。 - 前記電動車両は、
内燃機関と、
前記内燃機関の出力を用いて発電可能に構成された発電装置と、
前記発電装置によって発電された電力を蓄電可能な前記蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置から電力の供給を受けて車両走行用の駆動力を発生する電動機と、
走行経路を設定可能なナビゲーション装置と、
前記車両外部の電源から電力を受けて前記蓄電装置を充電可能に構成された充電装置とを含み、
前記エネルギーコストを予測するステップにおいて、前記ナビゲーション装置によって設定された走行経路に基づいて前記内燃機関の燃料消費量および前記蓄電装置の電力消費量が算出され、その算出された燃料消費量および電力消費量に基づいて次回走行時の燃料コストおよび電力コストがそれぞれ予測され、
前記蓄電装置の寿命を予測するステップにおいて、前記算出された前記蓄電装置の電力消費量を前記充電装置による前記蓄電装置への充電量として前記蓄電装置の寿命が予測される、請求項11に記載の電動車両の充電制御方法。 - 請求項11から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の電動車両の充電制御をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体。
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