JP2007521641A - 表面粗化による高効率の(B,Al,Ga,In)Nベースの発光ダイオード - Google Patents
表面粗化による高効率の(B,Al,Ga,In)Nベースの発光ダイオード Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 5
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- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、発光ダイオードに関する。より特定的には、表面粗化による高効率の窒化ガリウムベースの発光ダイオードに関する。
(注:本出願は、本明細書全体を通して一つ以上の参照番号で示される、多数の様々な文献を参照する。これら様々な文献は、参照番号順に、リストとして「参考文献」の項目で以下に示される。これらの文献のそれぞれは、本明細書で、参考として援用される)。
本発明は、窒化ガリウム(GaN)ベースの発光ダイオード(LED)について述べる。ここで、光はLEDの窒素面(N面)を介して取り出され、N面の表面は1つ以上の六角形状円錐に粗くされる。表面を粗くすると、LED内で繰り返し起こる光反射が減少するため、LEDからより多くの光を取り出せる。
好ましい実施形態の以下の説明において、実施形態の一部として、添付図面が参照される。この中で、本発明が実行され得る特定の実施形態が例示として示される。本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく、他の実施形態も用いられ得ること、および、構造上の変化もなされ得ることは、理解されるべきである。
本発明は、GaNベースのLEDの表面を粗くすることによって、光取り出し効率を向上させる手段を提供する。特に、N面c平面GaN表面に異方性PECエッチング方法を適用し、その結果、円錐形状の表面形態を製造する。このように表面を粗くすると、光の反射がLED内で繰り返し起こり、こうして、LEDから、より多くの光を取り出すことができる。さらに、本発明の方法は、シンプルで、繰り返し可能であり、材料に損傷を与えない。これは、表面を粗くする他の方法においては、材料の品質と妥協し得るのとは対照的である。これら全てのことから、本発明はLED製造をより適切なものとする。
図3は、表面を粗くしたLEDの模式図である。このLEDは、n型電極40、n型層42、活性領域44、p型層46、および、p型電極48を含む。p型電極48は、n型電極54を含むシリコン(Si)サブマウント52に、ハンダ層50を介して、フリップチップボンディングされている。n型層42、活性領域44、および、p型層46は、(B、Al、Ga、In)N合金から成る。乾式エッチングまたはPECエッチング方法が、n型層42の表面を粗くするために用いられる。望ましい表面を得るためには、乾式エッチングではプラズマ化学やプラズマパワーなどの条件を、また、PECエッチングでは電解質やランプパワーなどの条件を適切に設定することが必要である。このGaNベースのLEDは、c軸に沿って成長されるべきで、このn型GaN表面はN面であるべきことは重要である。なぜなら、異方性エッチングは、Ga面GaNよりもN面GaNで、より容易に観察され得るからである。
図4は、本発明の好ましい実施形態で用いられる処理ステップを示す流れ図である。
基本的な構造は上述したが、数多くの変更やバリエーションも可能である。
発明者によってなされた実験において、Ga面エピタキシャル層は、MOCVDにより、c平面サファイア基板上に成長させた。構造は、4μm厚のアンドープおよびSiドープのGaN層、5ピリオドのGaN/InGaNの多重量子井戸(MQW)、20nm厚のMgドープAl0.2Ga0.8N層、および、0.3μm厚のMgドープGaNであった。MOCVD後、サンプルをp型活性化のためにアニールし、次いで、p型メタル化処理を実行した。Agベースの電極を、高反射率のp型GaNコンタクトとして採用した。厚いAuをサンプル上に堆積し、次いで、熱エバポレータ内で、Sn蒸着した。ウェハーを上下逆にし、AuコーティングされたSiサブマウントに、280℃でボンディングした。その結果、AuとSnの合金が得られ、この合金がウェハーにサブマウントがしっかりと接着するのに寄与した。KrFレーザ(248nm)をLLOプロセスに用いた。ここで、レーザを、透明なサファイア基板を介して、照射した。その結果、GaNとサファイアの境界で、GaNの局所的分解が生じた。サンプル上にKrFをラスタした後、サファイア基板はボンディングを外された。移されたGaN表面に残留したGa小滴を、HCl溶液で除去した。次いで、移されたGaNを、SiドープのGaNが露出されるまで、薄くした。nコンタクトは、露出したN面n型GaNに形成され、各デバイスを、反応性イオンエッチング(RIE)によって、その隣接デバイスから分離した。最後に、表面の上部を粗くするため、PECエッチングを用いた。KOH溶液を電解質として、Xe/Hgランプを光源として、用いた。LEDの出力を、LEDチップの上方7mmの高さにセットされたSi検出器で測定した。
2sin−1(nenc/ns)
以下の角度を有する多数の六角形状の円錐からなることが分かった。ここで、nencはエポキシの屈折率で、nsはGaNの屈折率である。
Claims (18)
- 窒化ガリウム(GaN)ベースの発光ダイオード(LED)であって、光は該LEDの窒素面(N面)を介して取り出され、該N面の表面は粗くされる、LED。
- 前記N面の表面が1つ以上の円錐に粗くされる、請求項1に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記粗くされた表面が、前記LED内部で繰り返し起こる光の反射を減らし、これによって、より多くの光を該LEDから取り出す、請求項1に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記N面の前記表面が、異方性エッチングで粗くされる、請求項1に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記異方性エッチングが、乾式エッチングである、請求項4に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記異方性エッチングが、光強化化学(PEC)エッチングである、請求項4に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記N面が、前記GaN LEDのn型層である、請求項1に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記N面が、レーザリフトオフ(LLO)技術によって準備される、請求項1に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記LEDが、c平面GaNウェハー上に成長され、ガリウム面(Ga面)がp型層である、請求項1に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記LEDが、n型電極、n型層、活性領域、p型層、および、p型電極からなる、請求項1に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記n型層、前記活性領域、および、前記p型層が、それぞれ(B,Al,Ga,In)N合金からなる、請求項10に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記p型電極が、高反射率の特性を有し、光の吸収を減らし、前記n型層の前記表面に向かう光の反射を増やす、請求項10に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記LEDが、前記n型電極の下に位置合わせされた電流ブロック層を含み、該n型電極の下への電流集中の抑制によって、該n型電極の下での光放射の吸収防止と、光取り出し効率の増加とを可能とする、請求項10に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記LEDが、発光面積を著しく減らすことなく、該LEDの前記側壁を流れるリーク電流を抑制する、絶縁体から作成された電流閉じ込め枠を含む、請求項10に記載のGaN LED。
- 前記粗くした表面が、エポキシの場合、
2sin−1(nenc/ns)
以下の角度を有する複数の六角形状の円錐からなり、ここで、nencはエポキシの屈折率で、nsはGaNの屈折率である、請求項2に記載のGaN LED。 - 窒化ガリウム(GaN)ベースの発光ダイオード(LED)を作成する方法であって、光が該LEDの窒素面(N面)を介して取り出され、該方法は、該N面の表面を1つ以上の円錐に粗くすることを包含する、方法。
- n型電極、n型層、活性領域、p型層、および、p型電極からなる発光ダイオード(LED)であって、該n型層の表面は異方性エッチングによって1つ以上の円錐に粗くされ、光は該n型層の該粗くされた表面を介して取り出される、LED。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2320482A2 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
AU2003296426A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
US20140252396A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
KR20110031248A (ko) | 2011-03-24 |
WO2005064666A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
US10985293B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
DE60341314C5 (de) | 2023-03-23 |
KR101154494B1 (ko) | 2012-06-13 |
JP5719493B2 (ja) | 2015-05-20 |
ES2615209T3 (es) | 2017-06-05 |
EP1697983B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
KR20060131799A (ko) | 2006-12-20 |
US11677044B2 (en) | 2023-06-13 |
US20230275185A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
EP1697983A1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
KR101156146B1 (ko) | 2012-06-18 |
CN1886827A (zh) | 2006-12-27 |
US20200212258A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
US20210210657A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
EP1697983A4 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
US20100025717A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
US7704763B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
CN100521120C (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
US8766296B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
US10446714B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
US20070121690A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
EP2320482A3 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
EP2320482B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
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