CN108575506A - A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches - Google Patents
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of 45 major branch of Spur-type Apples of the present invention, belong to the tree-like pruning technique field of apple, technical problem to be solved is to provide that a kind of tree crown leaf curtain illumination is reasonable, fruit quality is excellent, the economic life in the orchard significantly tree-like shaping and trimming method of extended apple, the technical solution used for:1)Apple tree is colonized with every 666.7 square metres 70 80 plants of density;2)15 years green apple gardens of the age of tree, apple tree retain 10 12 skeleton branches using evacuation layering shape or free spindle shape pruning, full tree;3)6 10 years it is raw when, promote for the first time, fall head, 10 years it is raw when full tree retain 67 major branches, 50 70cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster length;4)It when the age of tree 11 30 years is raw, is promoted for the second time, fall head, reduce major branch quantity year by year, 45 major branches of tree reservation full when raw by 20 years.
Description
Technical field
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches of the present invention, belongs to the tree-like pruning technique of apple
Field.
Background technology
China's apple Qiaoization cultivated area accounts for 85% or more of the national apple gross area, it is tree-like mostly use coronule dredge layer shape,
Evacuation layering shape, free spindle etc. are tree-like.The orchard firstfruits stage rate of above-mentioned tree-like pruning is higher, but enters and contain
Generally occur canopy and orchard closing problem after fruiting period, cause fruit tree quality decline, economic benefit glide, thus need into
Row tree structure wavelet.
Spur-type Apples kind, it is as a result early because it is short with tree body, can early high-yield, the advantages that fruit quality is good, because
This, have developed rapidly nearly ten years.But due to adopting the tree-like shaping and trimming method of single spindle in cultivation technique, cause to produce
On there are many problems.Therefore discussion Spur-type Apples new cultivation technique and shaping and trimming method is apple production when business
It is anxious.
Invention content
The present invention can effectively overcome Spur-type Apples produce at present present on the best fruiting period is shorter, tree-like remains difficult
Thorny problem, for my brother's apple production provide a kind of tree crown leaf curtain illumination is reasonable, fruit quality is excellent, the orchard economic life substantially
Spend extended Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches happily tree-like shaping and trimming method.
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches of the present invention, includes the following steps:
1)Apple tree is colonized with every 666.7 square metres 70-80 plants of density, the stock for being colonized apple grafting used is Qiaoization
Stock, Grafted Variety are Spur-type Apples kind;
2), upright tree-like culture and pruning stage:
Fruit tree be colonized 1-2 based on trunk and skeleton branch culture, it is generally motionless to sent out young sprout on trunk, by take branch,
Draw technologies culture preparation skeleton branch and the auxiliary support branches such as branch;
When age of tree 3-5 is raw, skeleton branch, skeleton branch interval 20cm or so are selected and remain in preparation skeleton branch, 100cm is more than to length
Skeleton branch repeatedly draw branch in Growing season, apple tree is using evacuation layering shape or free spindle pruning, full tree reservation 10-
12 skeleton branches, expand tree crown as early as possible;
3), transition it is tree-like culture and the pruning stage:
When 6-10 is raw, using transition happily tree-like pruning, during which carries out first time promotion, falls head, reduction tree crown base portion,
The quantity of top and interlayer skeleton branch and auxiliary support branch.The skeleton branch of reservation extends branch and stays 50cm or so cutting backs, is gradually trained master
Branch, remaining branch not cutting back without exception on major branch put the sagging fruitful branch of sparse branching culture by slow, 10 years it is raw when to retain 6-7 a for tree entirely
Major branch, fruitful branch length 50-70cm, the promotion make trunk height reach 1.2-1.3m, and high reduction 60-80cm will be set by falling head;
4), horizontal tree-like culture and trimming stage:
Tree-like using level when age of tree 11-30 is raw, i.e., during which happy tree-like pruning is promoted, falls head for the second time,
Major branch quantity is reduced year by year, and tree retains 4-5 major branch, sagging fruitful branch length 80-130cm full when raw by 20 years, and passes through training
It supports back fruitful branch and cultivates and update sagging fruitful branch repeatedly, the promotion makes trunk height reach 1.5-1.6m, and falling head makes tree
Up to arrive 3.2-3.5m;Ensure that the spreading angle of lower part branch is less than the spreading angle of top branch;
The 4-5 permanent major branch horizontal direction angles are 70-80 degree, are 65-85 degree with trunk angle, minimum and highest master
The spacing of branch is 1.2-1.4m, straggly up and down, not stratified;Each permanent major branch is sector structure, retains 3~4
Larger result branch, and sagging fruitful branch is selected and remain on larger result branch.
When the time that the first time promotes is age of tree 6-7, when the time that the first time falls head is age of tree 7-8.
When described second time promoted is age of tree 12-20, the time for falling head for the second time is age of tree 12-18
When.
The sagging fruitful branch, which uses to get rid of, to be put, draws branch, by the pruning method culture of branch and sparse branching;Sagging fruit-bearing shoot cluster is by carrying on the back
Upper tiltedly raw, healthy and strong nutrition branch, which continuously gets rid of to put, to be cultivated, according to " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years it is sagging
As a result process " is trained fruitful branch;After fruitful branch is sagging using " dredge it is small stay it is big, dredge transient stay is long, dredge it is weak stay it is strong " shaping repair
The technology of cutting maintains the growing way of sagging fruitful branch, and continuously result 7~9 years, update is removed thereafter, by new back branch fruitful branch generation
It replaces.
It is finally tree-like to reach following parameter after happy tree-like stabilization:Trunk height 1.5-1.6m sets high 3.2-3.5m, forever
Long property major branch quantity 4-5,75~85 degree of major branch spreading angle, branch opens up 5-6 m, and major branch horizontal extension, fruitful branch naturally droop.
During the pruning method, as age of tree increase needs to reduce orchard density, reached most by intermediate cutting twice
Whole density:
First phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 8-10 is raw, using the 1-2 before strain Tending techniques progress intermediate cutting, intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, it is the m of 3.5m × 5 to recommend seeding row spacing by first phase orchard intermediate cutting orchard, and every 666.7 is flat
Square rice retains 35-40 plants;
Second phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 15-18 is raw, carries out intermediate cutting using interlacing Tending techniques, 1-2 before intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, by second phase orchard intermediate cutting, the final seeding row spacing in orchard is that 5 m × 7m every 666.7 is flat
Square rice retains 20 plants or less.
Skeleton branch, major branch culture should first cut and put afterwards in the pruning method, and fruitful branch culture, which should continuously delay, puts, and coordinate and dredge
Branch trimming.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art:
(1)The method of the present invention has taken into account early yield and the development of the quality in the best fruiting period of Apple Spur Type quality.During treelet
By tree body coronary dilatation pruning early, auxiliary support branch is made full use of as a result, orchard under the premise of stablizing skeleton branch growth vigor
Early yield is higher.
By gradually reducing major branch quantity after entering fruiting period, tree crown leaf curtain is become into mono-layer level leaf from multilayer leaf curtain
Curtain, leaf curtain photosynthetically active radiation increase 15% or more, are beneficial to tree body assimilation nutritious substances accumulation, improve orchard yield.
(2)By the tree-like tree crown leaf curtain illumination of the method for the present invention trimming is reasonable, fruit-bearing shoot cluster is healthy and strong, the continuous result energy of group
Power is strong, and fruit type is rectified, uniform coloring, fruit quality are excellent, increases orchard economic benefit.
(3)Pruning is carried out by the method for the present invention, Spur-type Apples best fruiting period stable yield, the economic consequence service life is than existing
There is orchard prolonged for another ten years or so.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not
Be limited to these embodiments, it is every without departing substantially from the change of present inventive concept or equivalent substitute be included in protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches of the present invention, includes the following steps:
1)Apple tree is colonized with every 666.7 square metres 70-80 plants of density, the stock for being colonized apple grafting used is Qiaoization
Stock, Grafted Variety are Spur-type Apples kind;
2), upright tree-like culture and pruning stage:
Fruit tree be colonized 1-2 based on trunk and skeleton branch culture, it is generally motionless to sent out young sprout on trunk, by take branch,
Draw technologies culture preparation skeleton branch and the auxiliary support branches such as branch;
When age of tree 3-5 is raw, skeleton branch, skeleton branch interval 20cm or so are selected and remain in preparation skeleton branch, 100cm is more than to length
Skeleton branch repeatedly draw branch in Growing season, apple tree is using evacuation layering shape or free spindle pruning, full tree reservation 10-
12 skeleton branches, expand tree crown as early as possible;
3), transition it is tree-like culture and the pruning stage:
When 6-10 is raw, using transition happily tree-like pruning, during which carries out first time promotion, falls head, reduction tree crown base portion,
The quantity of top and interlayer skeleton branch and auxiliary support branch.The skeleton branch of reservation extends branch 50cm or so cutting back, is gradually trained major branch,
Remaining branch not cutting back without exception on major branch puts the sagging fruitful branch of sparse branching culture by slow, 10 years it is raw when 6-7 master of tree reservation entirely
Branch, fruitful branch length 50-70cm, the promotion make trunk height reach 1.2-1.3m, and high reduction 60-80cm will be set by falling head;
4), horizontal tree-like culture and trimming stage:
Tree-like using level when age of tree 11-30 is raw, i.e., during which happy tree-like pruning is promoted, falls head for the second time,
Major branch quantity is reduced year by year, and tree retains 4-5 major branch, sagging fruitful branch length 80-130cm full when raw by 20 years, and passes through training
It supports back fruitful branch and cultivates and update sagging fruitful branch repeatedly, the promotion makes trunk height reach 1.5-1.6m, and falling head makes tree
Up to arrive 3.2-3.5m;Ensure that the spreading angle of lower part branch is less than the spreading angle of top branch;
The 4-5 permanent major branch horizontal direction angles are 70-80 degree, are 65-85 degree with trunk angle, minimum and highest master
The spacing of branch is 1.2-1.4m, straggly up and down, not stratified;Each permanent major branch is sector structure, retains 3~4
Larger result branch, and sagging fruitful branch is selected and remain on larger result branch.
When the time that the first time promotes is age of tree 6-7, when the time that the first time falls head is age of tree 7-8.
When described second time promoted is age of tree 12-20, the time for falling head for the second time is age of tree 12-18
When.
The sagging fruitful branch, which uses to get rid of, to be put, draws branch, by the pruning method culture of branch and sparse branching;Sagging fruit-bearing shoot cluster is by carrying on the back
Upper tiltedly raw, healthy and strong nutrition branch, which continuously gets rid of to put, to be cultivated, according to " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years it is sagging
As a result process " is trained fruitful branch;After fruitful branch is sagging using " dredge it is small stay it is big, dredge transient stay is long, dredge it is weak stay it is strong " shaping repair
The technology of cutting maintains the growing way of sagging fruitful branch, and continuously result 7~9 years, update is removed thereafter, by new back branch fruitful branch generation
It replaces.
It is finally tree-like to reach following parameter after happy tree-like stabilization:Trunk height 1.5-1.6m sets high 3.2-3.5m, forever
Long property major branch quantity 4-5,75~85 degree of major branch spreading angle, branch opens up 5-6 m, and major branch horizontal extension, fruitful branch naturally droop.
During the pruning method, as age of tree increase needs to reduce orchard density, reached most by intermediate cutting twice
Whole density:
First phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 8-10 is raw, using the 1-2 before strain Tending techniques progress intermediate cutting, intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, it is the m of 3.5m × 5 to recommend seeding row spacing by first phase orchard intermediate cutting orchard, and every 666.7 is flat
Square rice retains 35-40 plants;
Second phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 15-18 is raw, carries out intermediate cutting using interlacing Tending techniques, 1-2 before intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, by second phase orchard intermediate cutting, the final seeding row spacing in orchard is that 5 m × 7m every 666.7 is flat
Square rice retains 20 plants or less.
Skeleton branch, major branch culture should first cut and put afterwards in the pruning method, and fruitful branch culture, which should continuously delay, puts, and coordinate and dredge
Branch trimming.
Enter the best fruiting period in Spur Type Varieties, is i.e. after 11-30, on the one hand needs regularly to cultivate back branch result
Branch, according to the process of " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years sagging results ", naturally culture forms result
Branch, rather than traditional cutting back returns contracting, stimulates growth-promoting shoot, is more advantageous to the balance of trunk infusion.
It is higher that the present invention is directed to the common tree-like firstfruits stage rate of spindle, but enter after the best fruiting period occur canopy and
Orchard closing, cause fruit tree quality decline, economic benefit glide the problem of, stage by stage to apple after orchard enters the best fruiting period
Tree carries out different types of pruning, it is final establish in high level cadre, 4-5 major branches, descending branch result Apple Spur Type specular removal
It is happy tree-like, during which coordinate orchard intermediate cutting twice, keep the apple tree best fruiting period for a long time, significantly extends the economy in orchard
Service life.
The present invention is not limited by embodiment illustrated herein, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and novelty
The consistent widest range of feature.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
1), with every 666.7 square metres 70-80 plants of density apple tree is colonized, the stock for being colonized apple grafting used is Qiao
Change stock, Grafted Variety is Spur-type Apples kind;
2), upright tree-like culture and pruning stage:
Fruit tree be colonized 1-2 based on trunk and skeleton branch culture, it is generally motionless to sent out young sprout on trunk, by take branch,
Draw technologies culture preparation skeleton branch and the auxiliary support branches such as branch;
When age of tree 3-5 is raw, skeleton branch, skeleton branch interval 20cm or so are selected and remain in preparation skeleton branch, 100cm is more than to length
Skeleton branch repeatedly draw branch in Growing season, apple tree is using evacuation layering shape or free spindle pruning, full tree reservation 10-
12 skeleton branches, expand tree crown as early as possible;
3), transition it is tree-like culture and the pruning stage:
When 6-10 is raw, using transition happily tree-like pruning, during which carries out first time promotion, falls head, reduction tree crown base portion,
The quantity of top and interlayer skeleton branch and auxiliary support branch;The skeleton branch of reservation extends branch 50cm or so cutting back, is gradually trained major branch,
Remaining branch not cutting back without exception on major branch puts the sagging fruitful branch of sparse branching culture by slow, 10 years it is raw when 6-7 master of tree reservation entirely
Branch, fruitful branch length 50-70cm, the promotion make trunk height reach 1.2-1.3m, and high reduction 60-80cm will be set by falling head;
4), horizontal tree-like culture and trimming stage:
Tree-like using level when age of tree 11-30 is raw, i.e., during which happy tree-like pruning is promoted, falls head for the second time,
Major branch quantity is reduced year by year, and tree retains 4-5 major branch, sagging fruitful branch length 80-130cm full when raw by 20 years, and passes through training
It supports back fruitful branch and cultivates and update sagging fruitful branch repeatedly, the promotion makes trunk height reach 1.5-1.6m, and falling head makes tree
Up to arrive 3.2-3.5m;Ensure that the spreading angle of lower part branch is less than the spreading angle of top branch;
The 4-5 permanent major branch horizontal direction angles are 70-80 degree, are 65-85 degree with trunk angle, minimum and highest master
The spacing of branch is 1.2-1.4m, straggly up and down, not stratified;Each permanent major branch is sector structure, retains 3~4
Larger result branch, and sagging fruitful branch is selected and remain on larger result branch.
2. happily tree-like shaping and trimming method, feature exist a kind of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches according to claim 1
In:When the time that the first time promotes is age of tree 6-7, when the time that the first time falls head is age of tree 7-8.
3. happily tree-like shaping and trimming method, feature exist a kind of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches according to claim 1
In:When described second time promoted is age of tree 12-20, when the time for falling head for the second time is age of tree 12-18.
4. happily tree-like shaping and trimming method, feature exist a kind of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches according to claim 1
In:The sagging fruitful branch, which uses to get rid of, to be put, draws branch, by the pruning method culture of branch and sparse branching;Sagging fruit-bearing shoot cluster is oblique by back
Raw, healthy and strong nutrition branch, which continuously gets rid of to put, to be cultivated, according to " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years sagging results "
Process be trained fruitful branch;After fruitful branch is sagging using " dredge it is small stay it is big, dredge transient stay is long, dredge it is weak stay it is strong " pruning technique
The growing way of sagging fruitful branch, and continuously result 7~9 years are maintained, update is removed thereafter, is replaced by new back branch fruitful branch.
5. happily tree-like shaping and trimming method, feature exist a kind of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches according to claim 1
In:It is finally tree-like to reach following parameter after happy tree-like stabilization:Trunk height 1.5-1.6m sets high 3.2-3.5m, permanent main
Branch quantity 4-5,75~85 degree of major branch spreading angle, branch opens up 5-6 m, and major branch horizontal extension, fruitful branch naturally droop.
6. happily tree-like shaping and trimming method, feature exist a kind of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches according to claim 1
In:During the pruning method, as age of tree increase needs to reduce orchard density, reach final close by intermediate cutting twice
Degree:
First phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 8-10 is raw, using the 1-2 before strain Tending techniques progress intermediate cutting, intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, it is the m of 3.5m × 5 to recommend seeding row spacing by first phase orchard intermediate cutting orchard, and every 666.7 is flat
Square rice retains 35-40 plants;
Second phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 15-18 is raw, carries out intermediate cutting using interlacing Tending techniques, 1-2 before intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, by second phase orchard intermediate cutting, the final seeding row spacing in orchard is that 5 m × 7m every 666.7 is flat
Square rice retains 20 plants or less.
7. happily tree-like shaping and trimming method, feature exist a kind of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches according to claim 1
In:Skeleton branch, major branch culture should first cut and put afterwards in the pruning method, and fruitful branch culture, which should continuously delay, puts, and sparse branching is coordinated to repair
It cuts.
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CN112119825A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-12-25 | 山西农业大学 | Production method for regulating and controlling high-light-efficiency tree-shaped mode according to growth stage of fruit tree |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109479597A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-19 | 史宝玉 | A kind of cultural method of apple tree |
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Application publication date: 20180928 |