CN108849027A - A kind of shaping and trimming method promoting peach balanced growth - Google Patents
A kind of shaping and trimming method promoting peach balanced growth Download PDFInfo
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- CN108849027A CN108849027A CN201810923171.XA CN201810923171A CN108849027A CN 108849027 A CN108849027 A CN 108849027A CN 201810923171 A CN201810923171 A CN 201810923171A CN 108849027 A CN108849027 A CN 108849027A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pruning cultural methods for promoting peach balanced growth, seedling planting current year, it is done surely apart from ground 15-30 centimeters, 4-6 root is selected and remain when young sprout is elongated to 20 centimetres strengthens the tip, it is balanced that two or three root long gesture are selected and remain when young sprout grows to 30-50 centimetres, the young sprout being evenly distributed around is as major branch culture, and 45 ~ 50 degree of spreading angle of major branch and ground；Winter carries out the competitive branch on major branch to remove trimming；Next year, major branch is kept to extend branch vigorous growth, major branch two sides sprout sublateral shoot and are gradually trained fruitful branch.As the age of tree increases, the fruitful branch of major branch two sides gradually cultivates into fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and the rugosity of fruit-bearing shoot cluster is less than 3/7 in ramification point and the rugosity of major branch ratio, and 20~25 centimetres of distance, are distributed in two sides between the fruitful branch on major branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Using the present invention, expand tree body as early as possible, and make tree vigo(u)r fast and stable, be conducive to the balanced growth of tree body, is that fruiting is combined with growth, has both maintained certain tree vigo(u)r, also keep stable yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, and in particular to promote the pruning cultivation side of peach balanced growth
Method.
Background technique
Peach is a kind of defoliation small arbor of fruit as fruit, and spending can watch, fruit succulence.In the cultivation of peach
In, in order to improve the yield and quality of peach, it will usually carry out pruning to peach.The country use it is tree-like have big tree crown from
So trunk shapes such as happy shape and the natural spindle of energy planting culture, improved-spindle etc..Using existing natural open centre shape
Shaping and trimming method, early yield is low, forming is slow, since the best fruiting period, since nutrition largely flows to crown top and fruit, and tree
Body base portion cannot get the keeping of blade for a long time, and tree vigo(u)r aging accelerates, and gummosis is serious, severe life time reduction, later period major branch base portion light
Bald, interior thorax is hollow, is exposed to the sun under sunlight for a long time, and dry rot, rot disease are serious, and trunk is transported up moisture, inorganic matter mineral member
The decline of plain ability, accelerating the best fruiting period shortens, yield decline.
Summary of the invention
To overcome above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of shaping and trimming methods for promoting peach balanced growth.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A kind of pruning cultural method promoting peach balanced growth, includes the following steps：
1) it seedling planting current year, is done surely apart from 30 centimeters of ground, when young sprout is elongated to 20 centimetres, selects and remain 4-6 root
The strong tip, remaining branch is all wiped out, and when young sprout grows to 30-50 centimetres or so, is selected and remain two or three growing way equilibriums, is divided around
The uniform young sprout of cloth is as major branch culture, and 45~50 degree of spreading angle of major branch and ground；If tree body growth fraction is more vigorous, 6
To the sublateral shoot of major branch back between~July, pinching control growth is carried out in time；Winter cuts off the competitive branch on major branch, if major branch top
There is leaf bud then major branch not cutting back at end, and cutting back has the position of leaf bud to outside if major branch top is without leaf bud, to promote major branch next year
Extend elongation, as long as remaining branch does not upset tree-shaped, suitably removes；
2) next year, when major branch, which extends branch, grows to 50 centimetres or more, the sublateral shoot sprouted on major branch is trained side shoot, as secondary
The fruitful branch in year, the competitive branch of the young sprout and major branch top sprout to major branch back carry out twisting branch or pinching, inhibit its growth, with
Ensure the growing way of major branch；The next winter extends branch to major branch and carries out cutting back, cuts off overall length 1/3-1/2；The side shoot of major branch two sides
70-90 degree or so is kept with the angle of major branch.
3) as the growth of the age of tree, the side shoot of major branch two sides are gradually trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster, rugosity is in ramification point and master
The rugosity ratio of branch is less than 3/7, and the branch above and below major branch is all wiped out, and is then suitably removed to other branches, fruitful branch is in major branch
20~25 centimetres of distance on fruit-bearing shoot cluster, it is uniformly distributed in major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Further, after third year, continue cultivate major branch extend branch, summer to eugonic young sprout carry out pinching,
Branch processing is twisted, fruitful branch is cultivated into；Side shoot in major branch two sides is also grown up year by year, and gradually culture forms fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is tied
Fruit branch group spacing is at 60-70 centimetres, with the angle 80-90 degree of major branch or so；Ensure to make a distinction between the important and the lesser one.
With the increase of the age of tree, is cultivated in major branch two sides and form fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, distribution and major branch two sides, at
Pinniform arrangement, the natural open centre shape for gradually forming two major branches, three major branches or four major branches are tree-like；Tree is succinct, is conducive to excellent
The production of matter peach.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, using pruning method of the present invention, expand tree body as early as possible, and keep tree vigo(u)r fast
Speed is stablized, and is conducive to the balanced growth of tree body, tree management is succinct, is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, entire tree body uniform illumination, fruiting
Face is uniformly reasonable, combines result with growth, has both maintained certain tree vigo(u)r, also keeps stable yield, is conducive to high-quality essence
The growth of product fruit extends the economic life of peach.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to example, the present invention is described in further detail.Raw material used in the present invention is commercial product.
Embodiment 1
A kind of shaping and trimming method promoting peach balanced growth, includes the following steps：
1) it seedling planting current year, is done surely apart from ground 15-30 centimeters, when young sprout is elongated to 20 centimetres, selects and remain 4-6
Root strengthens the tip, remaining branch is all wiped out, and when young sprout grows to 30-50 centimetres or more, selects and remain two or three, four root long gesture are balanced,
The young sprout being evenly distributed around lure drawing as major branch culture, and with bamboo bar, the spreading angle 45~50 on major branch and ground
Degree；If tree body growth fraction is more vigorous, to the sublateral shoot of major branch back between 6~July, pinching control growth is carried out, in time to prevent
Its growing way for influencing major branch upsets tree-shaped.Winter cuts off the competitive branch on major branch, the major branch not cutting back if there is leaf bud on major branch top,
Cutting back has the position of leaf bud to outside if major branch top is without leaf bud, and to promote major branch next year to extend elongation, remaining branch is only
Otherwise tree-shaped is upset, is suitably removed；
2) next year lures the direction and ideal side drawn and make to extend branch with bamboo pole when major branch, which extends branch, grows to 50 centimetres or more
To consistent, the sublateral shoot that major branch is sprouted is trained side shoot, the young sprout sprout as the fruitful branch of next year to major branch back and major branch top
The competitive branch at end carries out twisting branch or pinching, inhibits its growth, to ensure the growing way of major branch.It is short that winter extends branch progress to major branch
It cuts, cuts off overall length 1/3-1/2；The side shoot of major branch two sides and the angle of major branch keep 70-90 degree or so, and are gradually trained result
Branch group, the rugosity of fruit-bearing shoot cluster are less than 3/7 in ramification point and the rugosity of major branch ratio, then suitably remove to other branches, as a result
Branch is uniformly distributed in major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster two sides at 20~25 centimetres of spacing of major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster two sides.
3) with the growth of the age of tree, peach progresses into the best fruiting period, and summer management will be focused on to Tipping, twirl branch etc.
Reason cultivates fruitful branch；It, will also be in major branch two sides cultivation results branch group, fruitful branch at this time other than continuing to cultivate major branch extension branch
For group spacing at 60-70 centimetres, the angle of every fruit-bearing shoot cluster and major branch maintains 80-90 degree or so；
As the increase of the age of tree is uniformly distributed in major branch two sides, arranges at pinniform in major branch two sides fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Column, the natural open centre shape for gradually forming two, three major branches or four major branches are tree-like.Major branch two sides fruit-bearing shoot cluster is arranged at pinniform, makes to set
The each position of body can shine sufficient sunlight.
In the present invention, to fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the pruning method based on pruning off is used, fruitful branch is not generally short
It cuts, expands tree body as early as possible, and make tree vigo(u)r fast and stable, be conducive to the balanced growth of tree body, be that fruiting is combined with growth, both
Certain tree vigo(u)r is maintained, stable yield is also kept, to extend the economic life of peach.
After pruning method of the present invention, implementation result is as follows：
1,2 years raw peach bud differentiation situations of the peach of different cultivars
As can be seen from Table 1, the bud rate of three Bai Feng, daybreak, good Ji peach varieties is shared on the spring tip and 1 sublateral shoot
Ratio is higher, therefore can efficiently use sublateral shoot branch as a result by pruning off, is that fruiting is combined with growth, is able to maintain stabilization
Yield.
Table 1：2 years raw peach bud differentiation situations
2, the peach growing state of different cultivars
As can be seen from Table 2, the white phoenix in field planting day current year river, daybreak, three peach varieties of a good Ji root diameter reach 3.0cm with
On, and the root diameter at daybreak is up to 4.4cm；By the 2nd year, the root diameter of these three kinds, tree were high, crown diameter is rapidly expanded, from
And fruiting area is expanded, its early yield is improved, the balanced growth of tree body is conducive to.Raw peach hat area occupied reaches within 5 years
To 32-40m2Left and right.Tree vigo(u)r is stablized, and high quality fruit rate improves.
Table 2:The growing state of 2 years raw peach
3, peach fruitful branch average length over the years
As can be seen from Table 3, it is colonized since sapling up-growth is more prosperous, fruitful branch average length is relatively long, until the 5th tree vigo(u)r
It is intended to steadily, a good Ji, daybreak, the white phoenix fruitful branch average length in day river show in 20cm or so by for successive years to dredge
It is cut to main weak trimming, tree vigo(u)r is mitigated, promotes the steady growth of tree body, be conducive to the growth of high quality fruit.
Table 3：Fruitful branch over the years is averagely long (cm)
Claims (5)
1. a kind of shaping and trimming method for promoting peach balanced growth, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1）It seedling planting current year, is done surely apart from ground 15-30 centimeters, when young sprout is elongated to 20 centimetres, it is strong to select and remain 4-6 root
The tip, remaining branch are all wiped out, and when young sprout grows to 30-50 centimetres or so, are selected and remain two or three growing way equilibriums, are distributed around
Uniform young sprout is as major branch culture, and 45 ~ 50 degree of spreading angle of major branch and ground；If tree body growth fraction is more vigorous, 6~7
To the vigorous sublateral shoot of major branch back between month, pinching control growth is carried out in time；Winter cuts off the competitive branch on major branch, if major branch
There is leaf bud then major branch not cutting back on top, and cutting back has the position of leaf bud to outside if major branch top is without leaf bud, to promote major branch
Year extends elongation, as long as remaining branch does not upset tree-shaped, suitably removes；
2）Next year, when major branch, which extends branch, grows to 50 centimetres or more, the competition of the young sprout and major branch top sprouted to major branch back
Branch carries out twisting branch or pinching, inhibits its growth, to ensure the growing way of major branch；The sublateral shoot that major branch two sides are sprouted is trained side shoot, makees
For the fruitful branch of next year；Winter extends branch to major branch and moderately carries out cutting back, cuts off overall length 1/3-1/2；The side shoot of major branch two sides with
The angle of major branch keeps 70-90 degree or so；
3）With the growth of the age of tree, the side shoot of major branch two sides is gradually trained fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the branch above and below major branch
It all removes, other branches then suitably remove, 20~25 centimetres of distance between the fruitful branch on major branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and
It is even to be distributed in two sides, that is, it is basically completed the pruning of peach balanced growth.
2. the shaping and trimming method according to claim 1 for promoting peach balanced growth, which is characterized in that step 3）In,
The fruit-bearing shoot cluster rugosity of major branch two sides is less than 3/7 in ramification point and the rugosity of major branch ratio, to maintain major branch advantage.
3. the shaping and trimming method according to claim 1 for promoting peach balanced growth, which is characterized in that further include：Step
Rapid 3）, after third year, continue to cultivate major branch and extend branch, the side shoot in major branch two sides gradually forms fruit-bearing shoot cluster, fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Upper growth prosperous young sprout summer carries out pinching, twists branch processing, cultivates into fruitful branch；Fruit-bearing shoot cluster spacing on major branch is in 60-70
Centimetre, and with the angle 80-90 degree of major branch or so；Ensure to make a distinction between the important and the lesser one.
4. the shaping and trimming method according to claim 1 for promoting peach balanced growth, which is characterized in that step 3）In,
The fruitful branch spacing 20-25cm of major branch two sides and fruit-bearing shoot cluster two sides makes entire tree body divulge information, and uniform illumination.
5. the shaping and trimming method according to claim 1 or 4 for promoting peach balanced growth, which is characterized in that step 3）
In, the fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster of major branch two sides are arranged at pinniform.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112616547A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for rapid forming of peach trees in southern rain-sheltering cultivation |
| CN112616490A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-09 | 丹阳市茂园果业专业合作社 | Shaping and trimming method for promoting rapid and stable growth of peach trees |
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| CN102715056A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-10 | 句容市春来早果品专业合作社 | Method for shaping and pruning open center-shaped peach tree with three main branches |
| CN103430803A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Shaping cultivation method of peach tree shape with three boughs and one center truck |
| CN104160906A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Peach tree shaping and trimming method |
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Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112616547A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for rapid forming of peach trees in southern rain-sheltering cultivation |
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Application publication date: 20181123 |
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