CN106576968A - Reshaping trimming method for high photosynthetic efficiency open-center system of fruit bearing of long-axial branch of three main branches of apple trees - Google Patents
Reshaping trimming method for high photosynthetic efficiency open-center system of fruit bearing of long-axial branch of three main branches of apple trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention provides a reshaping trimming method for a high photosynthetic efficiency open-center system of fruit bearing of a long-axial branch of three main branches of apple trees and belongs to the technical field of apple tree form trimming. According to the reshaping trimming method, the technical advantages that illumination for tree-crowns and leaf curtains is reasonable, the fruit quality is good and the economic life of an orchard is greatly prolonged are achieved. The technical scheme comprises the following steps that (1), apple trees are fixedly planted in the area with the density being 60-80 strains every 666.7 square meters; (2), for an apple orchard with the tree age being 1-5 years old, a tree form of a delayed-open central leader system or a sparse canopy shape is adopted for reshaping trimming, and 12-15 skeleton branches are retained for a whole tree; (3), when the tree age is 6-10 years old, first tree truck heightening and center opening are conducted, 6-8 main branches are retained for the whole tree when the tree age is ten years old, and the length of a bearing branch group is 50-80 cm; (4), when the tree age is 11-25 years old, second tree truck heightening and center opening are conducted, 3 main branches are retained for the whole tree when the tree age is 25 years old, and the length of the bearing branch group is 80-150 cm; and (5), when the tree age is equal to or more than 25 years old, the number of the perpetual main branches of the whole tree keeps three, and the length of a long axial bearing branch is equal to or more than 150 cm.
Description
Technical field
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of Fructus Mali pumilae of the present invention, belongs to apple tree tree
Shape pruning technique field.
Background technology
China's Fructus Mali pumilae Qiaoization cultivated area accounts for more than the 85% of the national Fructus Mali pumilae gross area, its it is tree-like it is many using coronule dredge layer shape,
Evacuate layering shape, free spindle etc. tree-like.The orchard firstfruits stage rate of above-mentioned tree-like pruning is higher, but enters Sheng
Generally occur canopy and orchard closing problem after fruiting period, cause fruit tree quality decline, economic benefit to glide, so that entering
Row tree structure wavelet.
The content of the invention
The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of that prior art is present, and technical problem to be solved is a kind of tree crown leaf curtain illumination of offer
Rationally, fruit quality is excellent, the three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of Fructus Mali pumilae that the orchard economic life significantly extends happily is set
Shape shaping and trimming method.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of three major branch major axis branch result of Fructus Mali pumilae
The happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of specular removal, comprises the following steps：
1）, apple tree is colonized with the density per 666.7 square metres of 60-80 strains；
2）, upright tree-like culture and pruning stage：
Age of tree 1-5 green apple garden, apple tree are retained using layering shape or the tree-like pruning of the thin layer shape of coronule, full tree is evacuated
12-15 skeleton branch；
3）, transition it is tree-like culture and the pruning stage：
When 6-10 gives birth to, using the half tree-like pruning of upright transition, period carries out first time promotion, fall head, and 10 years full when raw
Tree retains 6-8 major branch, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 50-80cm, the promotion makes trunk height reach 1.2-1.5m, and the head that falls is by the height of tree
Reduce 60-70cm；
4）, happy tree-like culture and prune the stage：
When age of tree 11-25 is given birth to, using happy tree-like pruning, period carries out second promotion, fall head, gradually reduces major branch
Quantity, when raw by 25 years, full tree retains 3 major branches, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 80-150cm, the promotion reach trunk height
1.6-2m, the head that falls make the height of tree reach 3.5-4m；
5）, the three major branch major axis branch results happy tree-like stabilization sub stage：
During 25 years raw above of the age of tree, using the happy tree-like pruning of three major branch major axis branch results, permanent major branch quantity is set entirely
Kept for 3, more than major axis fruitful branch length 150cm, and major axis fruitful branch is updated repeatedly by cultivating back fruitful branch.
When the time that first time promotes is age of tree 6-8, the first time falls time of head when being age of tree 7-8.
When the time promoted for described second is age of tree 12-25, the time of the head that falls for the second time is age of tree 15-25
When.
Described 3 permanent major branch horizontal direction angles are 115-125 degree, are 80-85 degree with trunk angle, it is minimum with most
The spacing of high major branch is 1-1.5m；Each permanent major branch is sector structure, retains 4-6 side and gives birth to fruitful branch, and gives birth in side
Select and remain on fruitful branch major axis fruitful branch.
The major axis fruitful branch using get rid of put, by the pruning method culture of branch and sparse branching；Major axis fruit-bearing shoot cluster is oblique by back
Raw, healthy and strong nutrition branch continuously gets rid of to be put culture and forms, according to " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years sagging results "
Process be trained fruitful branch；After fruitful branch is sagging using " dredge it is little stay it is big, dredge transient stay length, dredge and weak stay strong " pruning technique maintain
The growing way of major axis fruitful branch, and continuous result 8-10, remove thereafter renewal, are replaced by new back branch fruitful branch.
Level it is tree-like it is stable after, it is final tree-like to reach following parameter：Trunk height 1.6-2m, height of tree 3.5-4m, permanently
Major branch quantity 3, major branch spreading angle 80-85 degree, branch exhibition 6-7m, major branch is horizontal-extending, fruitful branch is naturally drooped.
During the pruning method, as age of tree increase needs to gradually reduce orchard density, reached by intermediate cutting twice
To final densities：
First phase intermediate cutting：Implement during age of tree 9-12 is given birth to, adopting carries out intermediate cutting every strain or interlacing Tending techniques, before intermediate cutting
1-2 needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, and by first phase orchard intermediate cutting, it is 3-4m × 5-6m that seeding row spacing is recommended in orchard, often
666.7 square metres of reservation 35-45 strains；
Second phase intermediate cutting：Implemented before age of tree life in 20 years, intermediate cutting is carried out using interlacing or random Tending techniques, 1- before intermediate cutting
Need within 2 years to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, by second phase orchard intermediate cutting, the final seeding row spacing in orchard is that 5-6m × 7-8m is every
666.7 square metres retain less than 20 plants.
The present invention is had the advantages that compared with prior art.
1st, the tree-like major branch quantity by the inventive method pruning is few, and tree crown leaf curtain is changed into mono-layer level leaf from multilamellar leaf curtain
Curtain, leaf curtain photosynthetically active radiation increased more than 15%.
2nd, the tree-like fruitful branch group leader pruned by the inventive method, the continuous bearing capacity of branch group are strong, and fruit type is rectified, and coloring is equal
It is even.
3rd, generally speaking, by the inventive method prune tree-like tree crown leaf curtain illumination it is reasonable, fruit quality is excellent, significantly
Extend the economic life in orchard.
Specific embodiment
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of Fructus Mali pumilae of the present invention, a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae three are led
The happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of branch major axis branch result specular removal, comprises the following steps：
1）, apple tree is colonized with the density per 666.7 square metres of 60-80 strains；
2）, upright tree-like culture and pruning stage：
Age of tree 1-5 green apple garden, apple tree are retained using layering shape or the tree-like pruning of the thin layer shape of coronule, full tree is evacuated
12-15 skeleton branch；
3）, transition it is tree-like culture and the pruning stage：
When 6-10 gives birth to, using the half tree-like pruning of upright transition, period carries out first time promotion, fall head, and 10 years full when raw
Tree retains 6-8 major branch, including provisional major branch, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 50-80cm, the promotion make trunk height reach 1.2-
The height of tree is reduced 60-70cm by 1.5m, the head that falls；
4）, happy tree-like culture and prune the stage：
When age of tree 11-25 is given birth to, using happy tree-like pruning, period carries out second promotion, fall head, gradually reduces major branch
Quantity, when raw by 25 years, full tree retains 3 major branches, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 80-150cm, the promotion reach trunk height
1.6-2m, the head that falls make the height of tree reach 3.5-4m；
5）, the three major branch major axis branch results happy tree-like stabilization sub stage：
During 25 years raw above of the age of tree, using the happy tree-like pruning of three major branch major axis branch results, permanent major branch quantity is set entirely
Kept for 3, more than major axis fruitful branch length 150cm, and major axis fruitful branch is updated repeatedly by cultivating back fruitful branch.
When the time that first time promotes is age of tree 6-8, the first time falls time of head when being age of tree 7-8.
When the time promoted for described second is age of tree 12-25, the time of the head that falls for the second time is age of tree 15-25
When.
Described 3 permanent major branch horizontal direction angles are 115-125 degree, are 80-85 degree with trunk angle, it is minimum with most
The spacing of high major branch is 1-1.5m；Each permanent major branch is sector structure, retains 4-6 side and gives birth to fruitful branch, and gives birth in side
Select and remain on fruitful branch major axis fruitful branch.
The major axis fruitful branch using get rid of put, by the pruning method culture of branch and sparse branching；Major axis fruit-bearing shoot cluster is oblique by back
Raw, healthy and strong nutrition branch continuously gets rid of to be put culture and forms, according to " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years sagging results "
Process be trained fruitful branch；After fruitful branch is sagging using " dredge it is little stay it is big, dredge transient stay length, dredge and weak stay strong " pruning technique maintain
The growing way of major axis fruitful branch, and continuous result 8-10, remove thereafter renewal, are replaced by new back branch fruitful branch.
Level it is tree-like it is stable after, it is final tree-like to reach following parameter：Trunk height 1.6-2m, height of tree 3.5-4m, permanently
Major branch quantity 3, major branch spreading angle 80-85 degree, branch exhibition 6-7m, major branch is horizontal-extending, fruitful branch is naturally drooped.
During the pruning method, as age of tree increase needs to gradually reduce orchard density, reached by intermediate cutting twice
To final densities：
First phase intermediate cutting：Implement during age of tree 9-12 is given birth to, adopting carries out intermediate cutting every strain or interlacing Tending techniques, before intermediate cutting
1-2 needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, and by first phase orchard intermediate cutting, it is 3-4m × 5-6m that seeding row spacing is recommended in orchard, often
666.7 square metres of reservation 35-45 strains；
Second phase intermediate cutting：Implemented before age of tree life in 20 years, intermediate cutting is carried out using interlacing or random Tending techniques, 1- before intermediate cutting
Need within 2 years to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, by second phase orchard intermediate cutting, the final seeding row spacing in orchard is that 5-6m × 7-8m is every
666.7 square metres retain less than 20 plants.
The present invention is higher for commonly using tree-like firstfruits stage rate, but occurs canopy and orchard into after the best fruiting period
Closing, the problem for causing fruit tree quality decline, economic benefit to glide, in the time more than 20 years, enter to apple tree stage by stage
The different types of pruning of row, finally makes apple tree grow up to high level cadre, three major branches, specular removal happily tree-like, then between coordinating twice
Cut down, enable apple tree to continue High-quality high-yield, extend the economic life in orchard.
Claims (7)
1. the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
1）, apple tree is colonized with the density per 666.7 square metres of 60-80 strains；
2）, upright tree-like culture and pruning stage：
Age of tree 1-5 green apple garden, apple tree are retained using layering shape or the tree-like pruning of the thin layer shape of coronule, full tree is evacuated
12-15 skeleton branch；
3）, transition it is tree-like culture and the pruning stage：
When 6-10 gives birth to, using the half tree-like pruning of upright transition, period carries out first time promotion, fall head, and 10 years full when raw
Tree retains 6-8 major branch, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 50-80cm, the promotion makes trunk height reach 1.2-1.5m, and the head that falls is by the height of tree
Reduce 60-70cm；
4）, happy tree-like culture and prune the stage：
When age of tree 11-25 is given birth to, using happy tree-like pruning, period carries out second promotion, fall head, gradually reduces major branch
Quantity, when raw by 25 years, full tree retains 3 major branches, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 80-150cm, the promotion reach trunk height
1.6-2m, the head that falls make the height of tree reach 3.5-4m；
5）, the three major branch major axis branch results happy tree-like stabilization sub stage：
During 25 years raw above of the age of tree, using the happy tree-like pruning of three major branch major axis branch results, permanent major branch quantity is set entirely
Kept for 3, more than major axis fruitful branch length 150cm, and major axis fruitful branch is updated repeatedly by cultivating back fruitful branch.
2. the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：When the time that first time promotes is age of tree 6-8, fall time of head first time is age of tree 7-8
When.
3. the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：When the time promoted for described second is age of tree 12-25, the time of the head that falls for the second time is age of tree 15-
When 25 years.
4. the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Described 3 permanent major branch horizontal direction angles are 115-125 degree, are 80-85 degree with trunk angle, minimum
Spacing with highest major branch is 1-1.5m；Each permanent major branch is sector structure, retains 4-6 side life fruitful branch, and
Give birth in side.
5. the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that：The major axis fruitful branch using get rid of put, by the pruning method culture of branch and sparse branching；Major axis fruit-bearing shoot cluster is by back
Tiltedly raw, healthy and strong nutrition branch continuously gets rid of to be put culture and forms, according to " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years sagging knots
Process really " is trained fruitful branch；After fruitful branch is sagging using " dredge it is little stay it is big, dredge transient stay length, dredge and weak stay strong " pruning technique
The growing way of major axis fruitful branch, and continuous result 8-10 are maintained, renewal is removed thereafter, is replaced by new back branch fruitful branch.
6. the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Level it is tree-like it is stable after, it is final tree-like to reach following parameter：Trunk height 1.6-2m, height of tree 3.5-4m, forever
Property major branch quantity 3, major branch spreading angle 80-85 degree, branch exhibition 6-7m, major branch is horizontal-extending, fruitful branch is naturally drooped.
7. the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of three major branch major axis branch result specular removal of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：During the pruning method, as age of tree increase needs to gradually reduce orchard density, by intermediate cutting twice
Reach final densities：
First phase intermediate cutting：Implement during age of tree 9-12 is given birth to, adopting carries out intermediate cutting every strain or interlacing Tending techniques, before intermediate cutting
1-2 needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, and by first phase orchard intermediate cutting, it is 3-4m × 5-6m that seeding row spacing is recommended in orchard, often
666.7 square metres of reservation 35-45 strains；
Second phase intermediate cutting：Implemented before age of tree life in 20 years, intermediate cutting is carried out using interlacing or random Tending techniques, 1- before intermediate cutting
Need within 2 years to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, by second phase orchard intermediate cutting, the final seeding row spacing in orchard is that 5-6m × 7-8m is every
666.7 square metres retain less than 20 plants.
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| CN108575506A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches |
| CN108605564A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-02 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of high-order happy tree-like descending branch result shaping and trimming method of yuluxiang pear |
| CN108684416A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-23 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple |
| CN108781858A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 冯海明 | One planting fruit-trees natural equilibrium stays branch containing to fall a method |
| CN109328831A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-15 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of cultivation of fruit tree method of tree mode and the double variations of planting density |
| CN109479597A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-19 | 史宝玉 | A kind of cultural method of apple tree |
| CN112586260A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-02 | 张开银 | Apple orchard ecological planting method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108575506A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of Spur-type Apples 4-5 major branches |
| CN108605564A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-02 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of high-order happy tree-like descending branch result shaping and trimming method of yuluxiang pear |
| CN108684416A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-23 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple |
| CN108781858A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 冯海明 | One planting fruit-trees natural equilibrium stays branch containing to fall a method |
| CN109328831A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-15 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of cultivation of fruit tree method of tree mode and the double variations of planting density |
| CN109479597A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-19 | 史宝玉 | A kind of cultural method of apple tree |
| CN112119825A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-12-25 | 山西农业大学 | Production method for regulating and controlling high-light-efficiency tree-shaped mode according to growth stage of fruit tree |
| CN112119825B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-11-23 | 山西农业大学 | Production method for regulating and controlling high-light-efficiency tree-shaped mode according to growth stage of fruit tree |
| CN112586260A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-02 | 张开银 | Apple orchard ecological planting method |
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