CN104137754B - Tall anvil apple tree form that a kind of dry branch is vertical and cultural method - Google Patents
Tall anvil apple tree form that a kind of dry branch is vertical and cultural method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is the tall anvil apple tree form and cultural method that a kind of dry branch is vertical, it is provided that the tall anvil apple tree form that a kind of dry branch is vertical, and including trunk, major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, described major branch is perpendicular to trunk, and major branch uniaxial extension mode grows.The present invention has to overcome to be needed in prior art to rely on the later stage to put in a large number and execute waterpower degree to improve the defect that the relatively low tree of soil organic matter content does not grow, there is later stage input cost low, fruit tree printing opacity is ventilative regulates tree body not closing, the advantage that Fructus Mali pumilae self color good quality is high, and this pruning maneuver is simple, it is the tree-like of a kind of high and stable yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vertical tall anvil apple tree form of a kind of dry branch and cultural method, belong to fruit tree cultivation technical field.
Background technology
At present, the cultivation of fruit tree of China mainly adopts tall anvil planting culture pattern, although early stage apple production can be effectively improved, but owing to the growth of fruit tree person's character is prosperous, after entering the best fruiting period, tree crown joins mutually, orchard closing, the ventilative worsening condition of printing opacity, cause that apple production and quality decline, it is necessary to by the problem that High Density Planting Orchard renovation technique solves orchard closing；And the country of the cultivation of fruit tree prosperity such as the U.S., Japan mainly adopts short anvil planting culture technology, owing to the growth of fruit tree person's character is weak, China have to strengthen, after introducing this technology, the dynamics executing liquid manure, and both are both needed to increase later stage input.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the weak point existing for prior art, tall anvil apple tree form and cultural method that a kind of dry branch is vertical are provided, adopt this cultural method, overcome and prior art needs rely on the later stage to put in a large number and execute waterpower degree to improve the defect that the relatively low tree of soil organic matter content does not grow, there is later stage input cost low, fruit tree printing opacity is ventilative regulates tree body not closing, the advantage that Fructus Mali pumilae self color good quality is high, and this pruning maneuver is simple, it is the tree-like of a kind of high and stable yield.
The tall anvil apple tree form that a kind of dry branch is vertical, including trunk, major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is characterized in that: described major branch is perpendicular to trunk, and major branch uniaxial extension mode grows.
As preferably, described major branch grows at trunk higher slice, and every layer includes 2-6 major branch, is positioned at the number number no less than upper strata major branch of lower floor's major branch.
As preferably, described trunk height is 3.1-3.3 rice, is provided with isolation strip between adjacent every layer of major branch, and the height of isolation strip is 0.2-0.4 rice, and every layer of major branch growth scope on trunk is at 20cm ± 10cm.
As preferably, on described trunk, growth has fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the direction of growth of described fruit-bearing shoot cluster to be level or/and downwards.
As preferably, the trunk height 3.2m of described tall anvil apple tree form, major branch includes six layers, it is followed successively by ground floor length from bottom to top and has 6 major branches, second layer length has 5 major branches, third layer length has 5 major branches, 4th layer long has 4 major branches, layer 5 length has 3 major branches, layer 6 length has 2 major branches, major branch uniaxial extension, first, two layers of major branch length are 1.7 meters, third layer major branch length is 1.6 meters, 4th layer of major branch length is 1.4 meters, layer 5 major branch length is 1.3 meters, layer 6 major branch length is 1.1 meters, major branch rugosity is all less than 1/3rd of its inserted part trunk rugosity, total size fruit-bearing shoot cluster 490-510 of every strain tree, average 1550 of individual plant branch amount.
The tall anvil apple tree form cultural method that a kind of dry branch is vertical, including planting, determining dry and three steps of shaping, wherein shaping is from ground floor major branch, and annual formation one layer, described shaping includes the cultivation of major branch, draws branch and pruning.
The tall anvil apple tree form cultural method that a kind of dry branch is vertical,
1) shaping in First Year:
(1) cultivate: First Year early spring, field planting seedling is carried out the cultivation of ground floor major branch, along the trunk upwards 20cm ± 10cm cultivation region as ground floor major branch from the distance of distance ground 50cm, play all branches of growing the trunk of ground floor major branch cultivation region from ground, bud all removes, to ensure the growth of the ground floor major branch in cultivation region；
(2) branch is drawn: autumn the branch top in cultivation region is drawn branch then so that it is with trunk in vertical state；
(3) prune: selectively remove according to the treetop in cultivation region after waiting molding, finally stay 4-6 the branch staggering and being evenly distributed as ground floor major branch, retain top tip trunk vertical growth simultaneously；
2) Second Year shaping:
(1) cultivate: Second Year early spring, from ground floor major branch go up a major branch most up at 50cm place, the top tip at trunk top is blocked along trunk, truncated position down first bud retains, second bud removes, reduce by second bud the nutrient of first bud is shared, accelerate first, top bud fast-growth, and grow new trunk, other is germinateed and is progressively trained second layer major branch, the feature of top twig it is transported in advance owing to arboreal growth has nutrient, at the place of cutting off, down the position of 20cm ± 10cm forms second time major branch, all the other position nutrients are inadequate, growing way is more weak, finally select growing way from the position cutting off down 20cm ± 10cm better, 46 major branches being evenly arranged are as second layer major branch；
(2) branch is drawn: the major branch that the second layer is newly grown up to by autumn then is pulled to level；
(3) prune: select in the future robust growth, growing way is balanced, stagger up and down in trunk shaping strip and 4-6 branch being evenly distributed is as second layer major branch, stagger up and down with ground floor major branch, making it vertical with trunk, the trunk top branch blocked spring is reserved for trunk elongated shoot to be continued to cultivate.
As preferably, while cultivating the growth of second layer major branch, ground floor major branch can grow some fruitful branches, fruitful branch is called back of the body undershoot towards epigeal, what fruitful branch horizontal direction grew is called horizontal branch, what fruitful branch grew towards sky direction is called back branch, need to carry out back branch turning round branch, smooth out with the fingers branch, draw branch, remove, make it along major branch horizontal growth, cultivation becomes fruitful branch, elongated shoot uniaxial extension to ground floor major branch simultaneously, make it vertical with trunk, back of the body undershoot and horizontal branch retain, and by pruning the fruitful branch even density ensured in fruit-bearing shoot cluster, gap is reasonable.
Shaping in 3rd year, shaping in the 4th year, shaping in the 5th year are identical with Second Year with the method for shaping in the 6th year, only according to tree-like growth demand, the third layer that formed, the 4th layer, the major branch number that retains between layer 5 and layer 6 different, more up, the number of major branch is more few, third layer and the 4th layer of major branch number retained control at 4-5, and the major branch number that layer 5 and layer 6 retain controls at 2-4.
After being formed on layer 6 major branch, in order to ensure layer 6 major branch growth force, treat that the top tip of trunk is removed after entering fruiting period by fruitful branch on layer 6 major branch again, it is prevented that trunk continues up growth, makes nutrient be evenly distributed on each fruitful branch.
As preferably, in order to make its result as early as possible, fruitful branch on one to six layer of major branch is carried out tension-torsion by autumn, making its result as early as possible, the major branch during this is tree-like is all perpendicular to trunk, and the height of tree controls at 3.1-3.3 rice the most at last, first and second layer of major branch length is 1.7 meters, third layer major branch length is 1.6 meters, and the 4th layer of major branch length is 1.4 meters, layer 5 major branch length is 1.3 meters, and layer 6 major branch length is 1.1 meters.
As preferably, tall anvil apple tree trunk height 3.2m, major branch is followed successively by ground floor 6, the second layer 5 from bottom to top, third layer 5,4th layer 4, layer 53, layer 62, major branch uniaxial extension, the long 1.1-1.8 rice of major branch branch, the average perimeter 43.5cm, the major branch average perimeter 14.5cm of inserted part of the trunk at 11 years fruit tree ground floor major branches and second layer major branch place；At trunk average diameter 13cm place, corresponding major branch average diameter 3.8cm.All major branch rugosity all less than 1/3rd of its inserted part trunk rugosity, total size fruit-bearing shoot cluster 490-510, every strain tree, average 1550 of individual plant branch amount, per mu yield Fructus Mali pumilae amount with existing common tree-like compared with, 30% can be promoted.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme, compared with prior art, have the advantage that and the invention solves the problem only leaning on short anvil ability planting culture, the problem solving general tall anvil apple tree planting culture closing in the future and soil organism relative reduction, solves the problem that short anvil fruit tree planting culture to be increased input more.The present invention prunes maneuver simply, and tree body structure is suitable for the planting culture of China Qiao anvil apple tree, in addition, realize the unification of adequate nutrition shunting and Relatively centralized, explore the integrated new technique of cultivation of fruit tree of applicable China's national situation, there is counter investment few, meet the feature that the Fructus Mali pumilae content of organic matter is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention is tree-like.
Detailed description of the invention
For purposes of illustration only, elaborate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing vertical tall anvil apple tree form of a kind of dry branch to invention and cultural method.
The tall anvil apple tree form that a kind of dry branch is vertical, described tree-like includes trunk, major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Described trunk is the fruit tree trunk being perpendicular to ground, and described major branch is the branch being perpendicular to trunk lateral growth, and described fruit-bearing shoot cluster is the fruitful branch of the many root knots Fructus Mali pumilae being grown on major branch.
Described trunk surrounding, around growing several major branches, major branch grows several fruitful branches.
The trunk height of apple tree is 3.1-3.3 rice, amounting to and be divided into six layers of major branch, the mode that the major branch number that every layer has tapers off from bottom to top is arranged, general ground floor and the second layer control at 4-6, third layer and four-layer are at 4-5, and layer 5 and layer 6 control at 2-4.
The isolation strip highly for 0.2-0.4 rice is had between adjacent upper and lower two-layer major branch layer, each layer of major branch is not grow in the approximately the same plane on trunk, but the segment distance growth on trunk, and in each layer at the major branch of bottom and the distance controlling between the major branch of the top at 20cm ± 10cm.
The cultural method of the tall anvil apple tree form that a kind of dry branch is vertical, described cultural method includes planting, determining dry and three steps of shaping, and wherein shaping is from ground floor major branch, completes within 6 years, forms six layers of major branch, annual formation one layer altogether.
Described shaping includes First Year shaping, Second Year shaping, shaping in the 3rd year, shaping in the 4th year, shaping in the 5th year and shaping in the 6th year.
Shaping in First Year:
Cultivate: First Year early spring, field planting seedling is carried out the cultivation of ground floor major branch, along the trunk upwards 20cm ± 10cm cultivation region as ground floor major branch from the distance of distance ground 50cm, play all branches of growing the trunk of ground floor major branch cultivation region from ground, bud all removes, to ensure the growth of the ground floor major branch in cultivation region.
Draw branch: autumn the branch top in cultivation region is drawn branch then so that it is with trunk in vertical state.
Prune: selectively remove according to the treetop in cultivation region after waiting molding, finally stay 4-6 the branch staggering and being evenly distributed as ground floor major branch, retain top tip trunk vertical growth simultaneously.
Described Second Year shaping:
Cultivate: Second Year early spring, from ground floor major branch go up a major branch most up at 50cm place, the top tip at trunk top is blocked along trunk, truncated position down first bud retains, second bud removes, reduce by second bud the nutrient of first bud is shared, accelerate first, top bud fast-growth, and grow new trunk, other is germinateed and is progressively trained second layer major branch, the feature of top twig it is transported in advance owing to arboreal growth has nutrient, at the place of cutting off, down the position of 20cm ± 10cm ± 10cm forms second time major branch, all the other position nutrients are inadequate, growing way is more weak, finally select growing way from the position cutting off down 20cm ± 10cm better, 46 major branches being evenly arranged are as second layer major branch.
Draw branch: the major branch that the second layer is newly grown up to by autumn then is pulled to level.
Prune: select in the future robust growth, growing way is balanced, stagger up and down in trunk shaping strip and 4-6 branch being evenly distributed is as second layer major branch, stagger up and down with ground floor major branch, making it vertical with trunk, the trunk top branch blocked spring is reserved for trunk elongated shoot to be continued to cultivate.
Simultaneously, while cultivating the growth of second layer major branch, ground floor major branch can grow some fruitful branches, fruitful branch is called back of the body undershoot towards epigeal, what fruitful branch horizontal direction grew is called horizontal branch, what fruitful branch grew towards sky direction is called back branch, need to carry out back branch turning round branch, smooth out with the fingers branch, draw branch, remove, make it along major branch horizontal growth, cultivation becomes fruitful branch, elongated shoot uniaxial extension to ground floor major branch simultaneously, make it vertical with trunk, back of the body undershoot and horizontal branch retain, and by pruning the fruitful branch even density ensured in fruit-bearing shoot cluster, gap is reasonable.
Shaping in 3rd year, shaping in the 4th year, shaping in the 5th year are identical with Second Year with the method for shaping in the 6th year, also it is according to the cultivation in the method for Second Year, draws branch and pruning, only according to tree-like growth demand, the third layer that formed, the 4th layer, the major branch number that retains between layer 5 and layer 6 different, more up, the number of major branch is more few.
After being formed on layer 6 major branch, in order to ensure layer 6 major branch growth force, treat that the top tip of trunk is removed after entering fruiting period by fruitful branch on layer 6 major branch again, it is prevented that trunk continues up growth, makes nutrient be evenly distributed on each fruitful branch.
In order to make its result as early as possible, fruitful branch on one to six layer of major branch is carried out tension-torsion by autumn, make its result as early as possible, major branch during this is tree-like is all perpendicular to trunk, the height of tree controls at 3.1-3.3 rice the most at last, and second layer major branch length is 1.7 meters, and third layer major branch length is 1.6 meters, 4th layer of major branch length is 1.4 meters, layer 5 major branch length is 1.3 meters, and layer 6 major branch length is 1.1 meters.
Concrete actual tests is as follows, trunk height 3.2m, major branch is followed successively by ground floor 6, the second layer 5 from bottom to top, third layer 5,4th layer 4, layer 53, layer 62, major branch uniaxial extension, the long 1.1-1.8 rice of major branch branch, the average perimeter 43.5cm, the major branch average perimeter 14.5cm of inserted part of the trunk at 11 years fruit tree ground floor major branches and second layer major branch place；At trunk average diameter 13cm place, corresponding major branch average diameter 3.8cm.All major branch rugosity all less than 1/3rd of its inserted part trunk rugosity, total size fruit-bearing shoot cluster 490-510, every strain tree, average 1550 of individual plant branch amount, per mu yield Fructus Mali pumilae amount with existing common tree-like compared with, 30% can be promoted.
The tall anvil apple tree form and cultural method that a kind of dry branch of the present invention is vertical is adopted by reality, major branch utilizes and draws branch, turns round branch, removes, gets rid of the pruning method put and carry out the process of shaping, fruit-bearing shoot cluster bounces back, removes, gets rid of the way put, with the conversion that promotion is nourished and grown to reproductive growth；Except trunk cutting back, other same not cutting back, along with tree body constantly optimizes and stablizes, eventually form tree-like as follows: tree height 3-3.2 rice, trunk divides six layers of totally 20 horizontal major branch, wherein ground floor 6, the second layer 5, third layer 5, 4th layer 4, layer 53, layer 62, major branch uniaxial extension, namely each major branch grown on trunk except above except raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster, there is no any bifurcated branch, and along being perpendicular to the direction elongation growth of trunk, every major branch has raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster 18-22, single major branch amounts to branch amount 60-65 bar.
First and second layer of major branch place trunk average perimeter 43.5, major branch average perimeter 14.5；Trunk average diameter 13 corresponding thereto, major branch average diameter 3.8.Major branch length is followed successively by 1.8,1.7,1.6,1.4,1.3,1.1 meters from bottom to top, and every strain tree has big sprig group 500, average about 1550 of individual plant branch amount, every mu of branch amount totally 128650；Existing age of tree life in 11 years, average annual per mu yield about 7500 kilograms, is 1.3 times of common output of the fruit tree.
The present invention sets totally 6 layers entirely, the whole level of all major branches, tall anvil dense planting and not closing, by the slow gesture measure of appropriate branch pulling and angle opening, not only when relatively more stay major branch will not be disorderly tree-like, and it is uprightly tall and straight to realize trunk by the induction nutrition of the growth potential of plant own, increase thick fast, and major branch increases thick relatively slow, forms obvious contrast with trunk, ultimately result in and the thick slower slow gesture environment of major branch increasing forms bud morning and many, it is achieved that the high-quality of the outstanding ventilation and penetrating light high and stable yield of tall anvil dense planting is tree-like.
In addition, if it is to be noted that the growing height that center is dry then is higher than 1 meter, then the place of former 0.5 meter of cutting back in spring is not cut and is carried out carving bud, growth-promoting second layer major branch, 0.5 meter of cutting back is gone up again again at trunk, or the pinching when growing into this distance, growth-promoting third layer major branch, such shaping task that can complete 2 years for a year.
Individual plant major branch quantity 20-25 of the present invention, more than evacuation layering shape (7) of tall anvil fruit tree, happy shape (3-4), v shape tree-like (2), and the general tall anvil fruit tree planting culture of ratio, it is possible to improve the 30 ~ 50% of apple production.
The present invention is except trunk cutting back, and other is not cutting back without exception, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster bounces back, removes, gets rid of the way put, and trimming and finishing maneuver is simple, puts into and relatively reduces.
Major branch of the present invention and fruitful branch are all perpendicular on upright trunk, angle with any tree-like compared with all differ, do not block mutually between such major branch and fruitful branch, it is beneficial to the logical light of ventilation, contribute to solving apple tree illumination closing in the best fruiting period, quality deteriorates, the problem of the relative step-down of soil organic content, it is possible to be effectively improved the quality of Fructus Mali pumilae.
The present invention have followed light pruning tree body, the natural growth rhythm of induction tree vigo(u)r, the method that effectively utilizes biological yield to greatest extent, it is tree structure and the shaping methods of vigorous stock apple tree planting culture premature labor stable yield and high quality, suitable for China Soil structure organic matter is low, tallization tree person's character is prosperous and wants pressured gesture to obtain result, complies with the tree body result mechanism and the basic will of the people that obtain high yield without increasing input more.Tall anvil Fructus Mali pumilae trunk is uprightly tall and straight, it is not necessary to the feature that the cement post of short anvil cultivation, bamboo pole, iron wire and the measure such as flood, big fertilizer increase input.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the present invention, although the present invention being described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, technical scheme described in aforementioned case study on implementation still can be modified by it, or wherein portion of techniques feature carries out equivalent replacement.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the tall anvil apple tree form cultural method that a dry branch is vertical, it is characterized in that: described cultural method includes planting, determining dry and three steps of shaping, wherein shaping is from ground floor major branch, and annual formation one layer, described shaping includes the cultivation of major branch, draws branch and pruning；
1) First Year shaping:
(1) cultivate: First Year early spring, field planting seedling is carried out the cultivation of ground floor major branch, along the trunk upwards 20cm ± 10cm cultivation region as ground floor major branch from the distance of distance ground 50cm, play all branches of growing the trunk of ground floor major branch cultivation region from ground, bud all removes, to ensure the growth of the ground floor major branch in cultivation region；
(2) branch is drawn: autumn the branch top in cultivation region is drawn branch then so that it is with trunk in vertical state；
(3) prune: selectively remove according to the treetop in cultivation region after waiting molding, finally stay 4-6 the branch staggering and being evenly distributed as ground floor major branch, retain top tip trunk vertical growth simultaneously；
2) Second Year shaping:
(1) cultivate: Second Year early spring, from ground floor major branch go up a major branch most up at 50cm place, the top tip at trunk top is blocked along trunk, truncated position down first bud retains, second bud removes, reduce by second bud the nutrient of first bud is shared, accelerate first, top bud fast-growth, and grow new trunk, other is germinateed and is progressively trained second layer major branch, the feature of top twig it is transported in advance owing to arboreal growth has nutrient, at the place of cutting off, down the position of 20cm ± 10cm forms second layer major branch, all the other position nutrients are inadequate, growing way is more weak, finally select growing way from the position cutting off down 20cm ± 10cm better, 46 major branches being evenly arranged are as second layer major branch；
(2) branch is drawn: the major branch that the second layer is newly grown up to by autumn then is pulled to level；
(3) prune: select in the future robust growth, growing way is balanced, stagger up and down in trunk shaping strip and 4-6 branch being evenly distributed is as second layer major branch, stagger up and down with ground floor major branch, making it vertical with trunk, the trunk top branch blocked spring is reserved for trunk elongated shoot to be continued to cultivate；
After incubation while one layer of major branch growth, preceding layer major branch can grow some fruitful branches, fruitful branch is called back of the body undershoot towards epigeal, and what fruitful branch horizontal direction grew is called horizontal branch, and what fruitful branch grew towards sky direction is called back branch, need that back branch is carried out turns round branch, smooth out with the fingers branch, draw branch, remove, make it along major branch horizontal growth, cultivate and become fruitful branch, the elongated shoot uniaxial extension to ground floor major branch simultaneously, making it vertical with trunk, back of the body undershoot and horizontal branch retain；
After being formed on last layer of major branch, in order to ensure last layer of major branch growth force, treat that the top tip of trunk is removed after entering fruiting period by fruitful branch on last layer of major branch again；
nullThe tall anvil apple tree form that the dry branch that ultimately forms is vertical: described major branch is perpendicular to trunk，Described major branch grows at trunk higher slice，It is provided with isolation strip between adjacent every layer of major branch，The height of isolation strip is 0.2-0.4 rice，Every layer of major branch growth scope on trunk is at 20cm ± 10cm，The trunk height 3.2m of described tall anvil apple tree form，Major branch includes six layers，It is followed successively by ground floor length from bottom to top and has 6 major branches，Second layer length has 5 major branches，Third layer length has 5 major branches，4th layer long has 4 major branches，Layer 5 length has 3 major branches，Layer 6 length has 2 major branches，Major branch uniaxial extension，First、Two layers of major branch length are 1.7 meters，Third layer major branch length is 1.6 meters，4th layer of major branch length is 1.4 meters、Layer 5 major branch length is 1.3 meters，Layer 6 major branch length is 1.1 meters，The average perimeter 43.5cm of the trunk at ground floor major branch and second layer major branch place，The major branch average perimeter 14.5cm of inserted part，At trunk average diameter 13cm place，Corresponding major branch average diameter 3.8cm，Major branch rugosity is all less than 1/3rd of its inserted part trunk rugosity，Total size fruit-bearing shoot cluster 490-510 of every strain tree，Average 1550 of individual plant branch amount.
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| CN105379599B (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2018-02-06 | 刘建枢 | Tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method |
| CN107182580A (en) * | 2017-04-23 | 2017-09-22 | 安徽省元圩现代农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of apple tree-pruning administrative skill |
| CN107347569A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-17 | 李国梁 | A kind of Qiaoization Fuji apple tree body control hat trimming and finishing method |
| CN114731896B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-06-23 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Cultivation method of low-cost straight-bar sapium sebiferum seedlings |
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