CN107691070A - A kind of peach pruning method - Google Patents
A kind of peach pruning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107691070A CN107691070A CN201710942861.5A CN201710942861A CN107691070A CN 107691070 A CN107691070 A CN 107691070A CN 201710942861 A CN201710942861 A CN 201710942861A CN 107691070 A CN107691070 A CN 107691070A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of peach pruning method, described pruning method for new plantation peach trimming, including after plant it is surely dry, transplant the trimming of current growth season, plant winter pruning then, Second Year Summerly pruning, Second Year winter pruning and the later trimming of Second Year.The technology of the present invention is simple, is easily mastered, and saves trimming recruitment.Winter, slow put was trimmed than cutting back pruning saving recruitment more than 50%, and the trimming time is only the 1/3 of traditional pruning method；Winter pruning method of the present invention, Growth status relax, significantly the number of Summerly pruning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of peach pruning method, belong to planting technical field.
Background technology
Pruning is the key technology of peach management.Pruning is divided into shaping and trimming from theoretical and technical connotation
Two contents, shaping are tree body to be made into certain shape and structure, and trimming refers to the concrete measure that tree body is adjusted, shaping
Pruning is combined into trimming.With respect to other management, pruning technique is complicated, time consuming, it is more difficult to grasp.Peach is repaiied
Cut and be divided into the trimming of dormancy season and Summerly pruning according to the phenological period.Winter pruning is also named in the trimming of dormancy season, and Summerly pruning can divide
For spring trimming, summer pruning and autumn trimming.Peach winter pruning mainly uses traditional pruning method based on cutting back,
So-called cutting back is exactly the part that annual shoot is cut off with shrub and hedge trimmer.Pruning method based on cutting back, Technology application is more complicated,
It is time consuming；Tree body causes wound more, tree body top clip Yi Fawang branches；The kind upright to some tree performances, tree body bottom
Difficult, easy baldness is updated with interior thorax；Canopy, illumination is bad, and fruit quality is poor；Tree body is later into fruiting period, early stage
Yield is relatively low.
How simply and effectively pruning peaches, turn into the important research topic in this area.
The content of the invention
The present invention is solution the shortcomings of the prior art, there is provided a kind of method of peach trimming, to realize following invent
Purpose：Simplify trimming program, save trimming recruitment；Cut and stay leaf bud, bud more, tree body result is early, high and stable yield；Vigorous growth branch
Few, nutrient consumption is few, and leaf curtain is reasonably distributed, and illumination condition is good, is easy to produce high-quality fruit；Branch renewal is easy, thorax in tree body
Not baldness.
In order to solve the above technical problems, using following technical scheme：
Step 1, peach winter pruning is all using the slow pruning method put.In addition to the skeleton branch during shaping extends branch, selection
The fruit branch continued to employ is slow without exception to be put, and other branches not utilized all are pruned off.So-called slow put refers to motionless to branch, gives free rein to give birth to
Long method, by branch from the method that base portion is cut pruning off.
Step 2, during winter pruning, preferentially select and remain long fruit branch（Length 30-60cm）.Long fruit branch deficiency, then select and remain medium fruit branch
（Length 15-30cm）.Long, medium fruit branch lacks, then selects and remain fruit spur（Length 5-15cm）.
Step 3, fruitful branch is selected and remain on skeleton branches at different levels, for the upright kind of tree performance, mainly select and remain plagiotropic growth and water
Flat branch, tree body top suitably member-retaining portion can carry on the back undershoot；The kind opened a business tree performance, mainly selects and remain plagiotropic growth, tree body top can
Appropriate member-retaining portion horizontal branch, a small amount of back branch is selected and remain in tree body bottom.On skeleton branches at different levels, fruitful branch or so staggers and uniformly divided
Cloth.The density of fruit branch on skeleton branches at different levels, long fruit branch 20cm distances select and remain 1, and medium fruit branch 15cm distances select and remain 1, fruit spur
10cm distances select and remain 1.Full tree stays branch amount to stay the 50%-60% of branch for cutting back pruning, seeding row spacing 3mX5m or 4mX6m bearing tree,
If all cutting and staying long fruit branch, every plant of tree retains long fruit branch quantity between 150-200；Medium fruit branch, fruit spur can be according to
This standard is converted, if all fruit spurs, every plant of tree retains long fruit branch quantity between 300-400.
Step 4, with it is slow put pruning method trimming after, resting bud in Growing season tree body on the perennial skeleton branch of thorax or not
Normal bud can pumping largely sprout branch, during Summerly pruning, select and remain the rudiment outside fruitful branch, young sprout all removes.
Step 5, rudiment, bloom, after result, due to the weight of blade and fruit, make under the fruitful branch that winter pruning is selected and remain
Hang down and grow, form curtain falling type result.Meanwhile the young sprout more upright and healthy and strong in basal growth.Generally, these young sprouts
Good bud can be formed, turns into the fruitful branch in the coming year, with its renewal during winter pruning, can be described as innovation shoot.
Step 6, then to during winter pruning, female branch of result is bounced back to that base portion is upright and at healthy and strong innovation shoot.Knot
Branch after fruit, rudiment can be considered female branch, and the part for cutting off perennial branch is referred to as contracting and cut, and is called retraction.
Step 7, later annual winter pruning continue to repeat to operate above.
Step 8, delay after putting trimming, bud allowance is more, particularly long fruit branch, answers timely flower and fruit thinning, and adjustment tree body is born
Carrying capacity.General medium and small fruit kind, 1 fruit is stayed per 15-20cm, i.e., each long fruit branch stays 3-5 fruit；Large-scale fruit kind, often
25-30cm stays 1 fruit, i.e., each long fruit branch stays 1-3 fruit.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
（1）The technology of the present invention is simple, is easily mastered, and saves trimming recruitment.Winter, slow put was trimmed than cutting back pruning saving recruitment 50%
More than, the trimming time is only the 1/3 of traditional pruning method；Winter pruning method of the present invention, Growth status relax, grown significantly
The number of season trimming.
（2）The present invention improves the nutrient growth of tree body.Delay after putting trimming, the nutrient growth especially tree body top of tree body
Nutrient growth relatively relaxes, and is mainly manifested in branch length and shortens.Rudiment sets young sprout total length to fruit harvesting and is less than cutting back pruning entirely
Tree is cut, and young sprout total length is significantly greater than spur pruning tree after fruit picking.This characteristic not only improves the growth of fruit early stage, has again
It is horizontal beneficial to the stored nutrient for improving tree body, so as to obtain the substantial bud of development.
（3）The present invention makes peach precocity fruiting, early high yield, fruit quality are good.Slow trimming tree-pruning amount of putting is light, treelet tree crown body
Product increases fast, setting fruit position increase, is laid the foundation for treelet precocity fruiting, early high yield.3 years early Kubo peaches of life, delay to put to trim to set and put down
Equal strain production is more than 15.2kg, is 2.5 times of cutting back pruning tree.Bearing tree is in sensible load amount and the situation of timely flower and fruit thinning
Under, it is slow to put trimming with the single fruit weight of cutting back pruning without significant difference.Pruning method of the present invention can do sth. in advance Peach fruits coloring, can carry
First 7-10 days.During harvesting, its fruit color is better than the fruit of cutting back pruning, and is coloured between fruit more consistent.Delay after putting trimming
Fruit soluble solids content is higher than the fruit of cutting back pruning tree.
Embodiment
A kind of peach pruning method of embodiment 1
Peach trimming is carried out after peach field planting, before shaping completion, is comprised the steps：
Step 1, done surely after plant
Done surely after the plant of peach spring, it is desirable to which it is uprightly healthy and strong to transplant nursery stock, high 1-1.2m；Heading height 80-100cm.It is annual
It is referred to as fixed dry in specified altitude position cutting back after seedling field planting.Heading height adds the height of shaping strip, shaping for the height of trunk
Band is to specify the dry scope for selecting and remain skeleton branch then, generally 20cm.
Step 2, the trimming of plant current growth season
According to different tree form, healthy and strong young sprout is selected and remain in nursery stock shaping strip and is removed as major branch culture, remaining young sprout；Shaping strip with
Lower whole bud pickings, dredge the tip.When major branch length grows to 60cm, pinching is carried out.
Sublateral shoot occurs after pinching, the sublateral shoot for selecting and remain the upright robust growth of tip 1 extends branch, appropriate site choosing as major branch
Side shoot is stayed, major branch extends branch, side shoot is all skeleton branch.
When major branch extension branch grows to 60cm, then carry out pinching；When side shoot grows to 50cm, pinching is carried out.
Major branch sends secondary sublateral shoot again, then selects and remain major branch and extend branch and side shoot.Side shoot sends secondary sublateral shoot again, selects and remain tip
The conduct side shoot of 1 upright robust growth extends branch.Depending on pinching number is with tree vigo(u)r, often, long is weak for long prosperous pinching
Pinching number it is few, length not enough not pinching.Stop pinching into August.Young sprout outside skeleton branch, excessive removes, mistake
Prosperous control length, in general is slow put it is motionless.
Step 3, transplant winter pruning then
Major branch extends secateurs and stays 60cm, and side shoot extends secateurs and stays 50cm.
Remaining branch, during winter pruning, preferentially select and remain long fruit branch, long fruit branch deficiency, then with medium fruit branch, long, medium fruit branch is not
It is enough, then select and remain fruit spur.Fruitful branch is not enough, just selects and remain nutrition branch.Long fruit branch trimming length is 30-60cm, and medium fruit branch is repaiied
It is 15-30cm to cut length, and fruit spur trimming length is 5-15cm.
The branch for having bud is fruitful branch, and the branch without bud is nutrition branch.
On skeleton branch, branch selected and remain or so, which staggers, to be uniformly distributed；The density of branch is long（Fruit）Branch diatance selects and remain 1 from 20cm
It is individual, in（Fruit）Branch diatance selects and remain 1 from 15cm, short（Fruit）Branch diatance selects and remain 1 from 10cm.It is cutting back pruning that full tree, which stays branch amount,（Pass
System pruning method）Stay the 50%-60% of branch amount.
Step 4, Second Year Summerly pruning
Second Year Growing season skeleton branch is trimmed, i.e., the trimming of major branch, side shoot is the same as the trimming of plant current growth season.
Non- skeleton branch outside skeleton branch, resting bud or adventitious bud in Growing season tree body on the perennial skeleton branch of thorax can take out
Life largely sprouts branch, except selecting and remain（As a result）Rudiment, young sprout outside branch all remove.
Rudiment, bloom, after result, due to the weight of blade and fruit, make what winter pruning was selected and remain（As a result）Sagging, the shape of branch
Grown into curtain falling type result or droop.Meanwhile the young sprout more upright and healthy and strong in basal growth.Generally, these
Young sprout can form good bud, turn into the fruitful branch in the coming year, with its renewal during winter pruning, can be described as innovation shoot.
Step 5, Second Year winter pruning
Second Year winter skeleton branch is trimmed, i.e. the trimming of major branch, side shoot, with plant winter pruning then.
Non- skeleton branch outside skeleton branch, during winter pruning, by female branch of result bounce back to base portion it is upright it is healthy and strong more
At shoot.
Step 6, trim within the 3rd year
Skeleton branch is major branch, the same Second Year of the trimming of side shoot, including Summerly pruning and winter pruning, untill shaping is completed.
Non- skeleton branch outside skeleton branch, trim same Second Year, including Summerly pruning and winter pruning.
Continue to repeat later to operate above.
This pruning method of peach, operation is fairly simple, is easily mastered, and can simplify trimming program, saves trimming recruitment.Symbol
The biological characteristics of walnut tree, shaping is fast, is rapidly completed tree-like；Leaf bud, the bud of reservation are more, and tree body result is early, high and stable yield；
Prosperous long shoot is few, and nutrient consumption is few, and leaf curtain is reasonably distributed, and illumination condition is good, is easy to produce high quality fruit；Branch renewal is easy, tree body
Interior thorax not baldness.
Pruning method of the present invention saves recruitment more than 50% than traditional pruning method, and the trimming time is only traditional trimming side
The 1/3 of method；Pruning method of the present invention can do sth. in advance Peach fruits coloring, can shift to an earlier date 7-10 days.
A kind of peach pruning method of embodiment 2
Complete tree-like into annual bearer, comprise the steps：
Step 1, winter pruning pre-treatment
Peach winter pruning is all using the slow method put.Before trimming in the winter time, the fruit branch for selecting to continue to employ all is delayed and put, other
All pruned off without branch.It is described slow to put：Branch is without any processing, gives free rein to grow；Described prunes off：By branch from
Base portion is cut.
Step 2, winter pruning
During winter pruning, long fruit branch is preferentially selected and remain, long fruit branch deficiency, then with medium fruit branch is long, medium fruit branch is not enough, then selects and remain short
Fruit branch.
Seeding row spacing 3mX5m or 4mX6m bearing tree, long fruit branch is stayed if all cut, every plant of tree retains long fruit branch quantity and existed
Between 150-200；Medium fruit branch, fruit spur can be converted according to this standard, if all fruit spurs, every plant of tree retains fruit
Branch quantity is between 300-400.
Fruitful branch or so, which staggers, to be uniformly distributed, and controls the density of fruit branch, and long fruit branch distance 20cm selects and remain 1, medium fruit branch away from
1 is selected and remain from 15cm, fruit spur distance 10cm selects and remain 1.It is cutting back pruning that full tree, which stays branch amount,（That is tradition trimming）Stay branch amount
50%-60%。
Step 3, Summerly pruning
Resting bud or adventitious bud in Growing season tree body on the perennial skeleton branch of thorax can pumping largely sprout branch, during Summerly pruning,
Select and remain the rudiment outside fruitful branch, young sprout all removes.
Rudiment, bloom, after result, due to the weight of blade and fruit, the sagging growth of fruitful branch for selecting and remain winter pruning,
Form curtain falling type result.Meanwhile the young sprout more upright and healthy and strong in basal growth.Generally, these young sprouts can shape
Into good bud, turn into the fruitful branch in the coming year, with its renewal during winter pruning, can be described as innovation shoot.
Step 4, then to during winter pruning, female branch of result is bounced back into base portion uprightly at healthy and strong innovation shoot.
Continue to repeat later to operate above.
This pruning method of peach is fairly simple, is easily mastered, and can simplify trimming program, saves trimming recruitment.Meet peach
The biological characteristics of tree, the leaf bud left, bud are more, and tree body result is early, high and stable yield；Prosperous long shoot is few, and nutrient consumption is few, leaf curtain
It is reasonably distributed, illumination condition is good, is easy to produce high quality fruit；Branch renewal is easy, thorax not baldness in tree body.
Pruning method of the present invention saves recruitment more than 50% than traditional pruning method, and the trimming time is only traditional trimming side
The 1/3 of method；Pruning method of the present invention can do sth. in advance Peach fruits coloring, can shift to an earlier date 7-10 days.3 years early Kubo peaches of life, using the present invention
Pruning method is trimmed, and average strain production is more than 15.2kg, is 2.5 times of traditional pruning method.
A kind of peach pruning method of embodiment 3
Aging tree, comprises the steps：
Step 1, winter pruning pre-treatment
For aging tree, the Growing season before winter pruning, pay attention to cultivating, retain long fruit branch, medium fruit branch.The knot that winter pruning retains
Fruit branch, it should be noted that cultivate the more prosperous young sprout that base portion is sent；The sprout tillers that other positions occur on skeleton branch, also will be it is noted that cultivation be
In the coming year, long fruit branch, so as to update replace aging fruitful branch.
Step 2, winter pruning
During winter pruning, long fruit branch is preferentially selected and remain, long fruit branch deficiency, then with medium fruit branch is long, medium fruit branch is not enough, then selects and remain short
Fruit branch.
Seeding row spacing 3mX5m or 4mX6m bearing tree, long fruit branch is stayed if all cut, every plant of tree retains long fruit branch quantity and existed
Between 150-200；Medium fruit branch, fruit spur can be converted according to this standard, if all fruit spurs, every plant of tree retains fruit
Branch quantity is between 300-400.
Winter pruning all using the slow method put, the fruit branch for selecting to continue to employ all is delayed and put, other no branches are complete
Prune off in portion.It is described slow to put：Branch is without any processing, gives free rein to grow；Described prunes off：Branch is cut from base portion.
Fruitful branch left and right of trying one's best is set to stagger and be uniformly distributed.The density of fruit branch, long fruit branch distance 20cm select and remain 1, medium fruit branch
Distance 15cm selects and remain 1, and fruit spur distance 10cm selects and remain 1.It is the 50%-60% that cutting back pruning stays branch amount that full tree, which stays branch amount,.
Continue to repeat later to operate above.
This pruning method, operation is fairly simple, is easily mastered, and can simplify trimming program, saves trimming recruitment.Meet peach
The biological characteristics of tree, tree body updating decision, delay the tree body economic life；Leaf bud, the bud of reservation are more, and tree body is complete, prevent fast
The fast underproduction；Updating decision, leaf curtain is more complete, and illumination condition is good, is easy to produce high quality fruit；Slow down thorax baldness in tree body.
In addition to specified otherwise, ratio of the present invention is mass ratio, and described percentage is mass percent.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still can be with
Technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments is modified, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of shield.Citing described above for best mode for carrying out the invention, wherein the part do not addressed in detail is this area
The common knowledge of those of ordinary skill；Protection scope of the present invention is defined by the content of claim, any based on the present invention's
Technical inspiration and the equivalent transformation carried out, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. peach pruning method, it is characterised in that：Described pruning method is the new trimming for planting peach, including after plant Fixed dry, plant current growth season trimming, plant winter pruning then, Second Year Summerly pruning, Second Year winter pruning and The later trimming of Second Year.
- A kind of 2. peach pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Done surely after described plant：Peach is determined Seedling height is 1-1.2m, heading height 80-100cm after plant.
- A kind of 3. peach pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described plant current growth season repaiies Cut：Healthy and strong young sprout is selected and remain in nursery stock shaping strip to remove as major branch, remaining young sprout；Part below shaping strip, all carry out Bud picking, dredge the tip；When major branch length grows to 60cm, pinching is carried out.
- A kind of 4. peach pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described plant current growth season repaiies Cut：After major branch pinching, the sublateral shoot for selecting and remain the upright robust growth of tip 1 extends branch as major branch, and major branch extends branch and grows to 60cm When, then carry out pinching；When side shoot grows to 50cm, pinching is carried out；The secondary sublateral shoot that side shoot is sent, that selects and remain the upright robust growth of tip 1 extends branch as side shoot；Stop plucking into August The heart.
- A kind of 5. peach pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described plant winter pruning then： Major branch extends secateurs and stays 60cm, and side shoot extends secateurs and stays 50cm；Remaining branch, during winter pruning, it is cutting back pruning that full tree, which stays branch amount, Cut the 50%-60% for staying branch amount；Long fruit branch distance 20cm selects and remain 1, and medium fruit branch distance 15cm selects and remain 1, fruit spur distance 10cm Select and remain 1；Long fruit branch trimming length is 30-60cm, and medium fruit branch trimming length is 15-30cm, and fruit spur trimming length is 5- 15cm。
- A kind of 6. peach pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Second Year Summerly pruning： Rudiment, young sprout in addition to the fruitful branch selected and remain all remove；Described Second Year winter pruning：Knot beyond major branch, side shoot Fruit branch is all trimmed to base portion uprightly at healthy and strong innovation shoot.
- A kind of 7. peach pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described pruning method is into annual bearing The trimming of peach, including winter pruning pre-treatment, winter pruning and Summerly pruning.
- A kind of 8. peach pruning method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Described winter pruning pre-treatment：Will Branch beyond fruitful branch is all cut from branch base portion；Described winter pruning：Fruitful branch or so, which staggers, to be uniformly distributed, and controls the density of fruit branch, and long fruit branch distance 20cm selects and remain 1 Individual, medium fruit branch distance 15cm selects and remain 1, and fruit spur distance 10cm selects and remain 1.
- A kind of 9. peach pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described peach pruning method is aging The pruning method of tree, including winter pruning pre-treatment and winter pruning；Described winter pruning：Making fruitful branch, left and right is staggered as far as possible Be uniformly distributed, control the density of fruit branch, long fruit branch distance 20cm selects and remain 1, and medium fruit branch distance 15cm selects and remain 1, fruit spur away from 1 is selected and remain from 10cm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110178632A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-30 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of nutrition dispersion at age peach is slow to put pruning method |
| CN110463494A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-19 | 王和绥 | A kind of peach shaping and trimming method |
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| CN104381081A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-04 | 竹溪县啟良生物研究所 | Pruning method for peach trees |
| CN106258771A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-01-04 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of peach tree specular removal tree-like four come out boldly shape method |
| CN106386360A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-02-15 | 潍坊职业学院 | High-trunk four-bough open-center-shaped peach tree cultivation method |
| CN107006328A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-08-04 | 赵兴利 | Pruning method of peach tree |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104160906A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Peach tree shaping and trimming method |
| CN104381081A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-04 | 竹溪县啟良生物研究所 | Pruning method for peach trees |
| CN106386360A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-02-15 | 潍坊职业学院 | High-trunk four-bough open-center-shaped peach tree cultivation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110178632A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-30 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of nutrition dispersion at age peach is slow to put pruning method |
| CN110178632B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-08-27 | 河北农业大学 | Nutrition dispersing and slow-releasing pruning method for mature peach trees |
| CN110463494A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-19 | 王和绥 | A kind of peach shaping and trimming method |
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Application publication date: 20180216 |