CN107242068B - High-trunk three-main-branch high-light-efficiency open tree form shaping and trimming method for pear trees - Google Patents
High-trunk three-main-branch high-light-efficiency open tree form shaping and trimming method for pear trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-trunk three-main-branch high-luminous-efficiency open tree form shaping and trimming method for a pear tree, and belongs to the technical field of pear tree trimming; the technical problem to be solved is to provide a pear tree shaping and trimming method which has good ventilation and light transmission, stable orchard yield, good fruit quality and prolonged orchard economic life; the technical scheme is as follows: 1) planting pear trees at the density of 70-90 plants per 666.7 square meters; 2) in an orchard of 1-4-year-old pear trees, the small-crown sparse-layer or free spindle-shaped tree forms are adopted for shaping and pruning, and 10-15 bone trunk branches are reserved in the whole tree; 3) when the tree grows for 5 to 10 years, carrying out first trunk lifting and head dropping in the period, keeping 6 to 8 main branches in the whole tree in the 10-year period, keeping 3 permanent main branches in the whole tree in the 20-year period, keeping the length of the fruiting branch group at 80 to 130cm, 5) and high-stem three main branches at the high light efficiency blooming tree shape stabilization stage, wherein the fruiting branch group length is 50 to 80cm and 4; when the tree ages more than 20 years, the whole tree keeps 3 permanent main branches, and the length of the bearing branch group is more than 130 cm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a high-trunk three-main-branch high-luminous-efficiency open tree form shaping and trimming method for a pear tree, and belongs to the technical field of tree form trimming of pear trees.
Background
At the present stage of China, the vigorous cultivation area of the pear trees accounts for more than 90% of the total area of the pear trees in China, and the pear trees are shaped and trimmed by free spindle, cylindrical, small crown sparse layer and other tree forms. The orchard pruning method by adopting the tree shape shaping mode has the advantages that the yield is high in the early stage, but the problems of crown closure and orchard closure are generally caused after the orchard pruning method enters the full fruit period, and the tree shape modification is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, and aims to provide the high-trunk three-main-branch high-luminous-efficiency open tree shape shaping and trimming method for the pear trees, which has the advantages of good ventilation and light transmission, stable orchard yield, excellent fruit quality and prolonged orchard economic life.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-trunk three-main-branch high-light-efficiency open tree shape shaping and trimming method for pear trees comprises the following steps:
1) planting pear trees at the density of 70-90 plants per 666.7 square meters;
2) and a vertical tree form culture and shaping pruning stage:
in an orchard of 1-4-year-old pear trees, the pear trees are shaped and trimmed by adopting a small-crown sparse-layer shape or a free spindle shape, and 10-15 bone trunk branches are reserved in the whole pear trees;
3) and a transition tree-shaped culture and shaping pruning stage:
when the tree grows for 5-10 years, semi-vertical transition tree form shaping and pruning are adopted, first trunk lifting and head falling are carried out in the period, 6-8 main branches are reserved in the whole tree when the tree grows for 10 years, the bearing branch group length is 50-80cm, the trunk height is 1-1.3m through the trunk lifting, and the height of the tree is reduced by 50-70cm through the head falling;
4) and an open-heart tree form culture and shaping pruning stage:
when the tree ages 11-20 years, adopting open-heart tree shape shaping and trimming, carrying out secondary trunk lifting and head falling in the period, gradually reducing the number of main branches, improving the height of the trunk, keeping 3 permanent main branches in the whole tree when the tree grows 20 years, wherein the length of a bearing branch group is 80-130cm, the trunk lifting height reaches 1.5-1.8m, and the head falling height reaches 3.2-3.8 m;
5) and a high-trunk three main branches high-light-efficiency open tree form stabilization stage;
when the tree is over 20 years old, the tree is shaped and trimmed by adopting a high-trunk three-main-branch high-light-efficiency open tree form, the whole tree keeps 3 permanent main branches, and the fruiting branch group is over 130cm long.
The first trunk-lifting time is 5-8 years old, and the first head-falling time is 6-8 years old.
And the second trunk lifting time is 10-15 years of tree age, and the second head falling time is 12-15 years of tree age.
The base angle of the 3 permanent main branches is 80-85 degrees, and the waist angle is 77-80 degrees; each permanent main branch is of a fan-shaped structure, 3-5 lateral bearing branches are reserved, and long-axis bearing branches are reserved on the lateral bearing branches.
After the horizontal tree shape is stable, the final tree shape reaches the following parameters: the trunk height is 1.5-1.8m, the tree height is 3.2-3.8m, the number of permanent main branches is 3, the opening angle of the main branches is 75-85 degrees, the branch spread is 5.5-6m, the main branches horizontally extend, and the bearing branches naturally droop.
In the process of the pruning method, the orchard density is required to be gradually reduced along with the increase of the tree age, and the final density is achieved through two intermediate cuts:
cutting in a first period: the method is implemented in the growing period of 9-12 years old, thinning is carried out by adopting a plant spacing or interlaced thinning technology, permanent plants and temporary plants need to be distinguished 1-2 years before thinning, thinning is carried out in the first period of orchard, the row spacing of recommended plants in the orchard is 3-4m multiplied by 5-6m, and 35-45 plants are reserved every 666.7 square meters;
and (3) cutting in a second period: the method is implemented before the tree ages are 20 years old, thinning is carried out by adopting an interlaced or random thinning technology, permanent plants and temporary plants need to be distinguished 1-2 years before thinning, and thinning is carried out in a second orchard, wherein the final row spacing of the plants in the orchard is 5-6m multiplied by 7-8m and less than 20 plants are reserved every 666.7 square meters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
1. The tree-shaped trunk height trimmed by the method of the invention improves the ground reflected light of the orchard by more than 30 percent.
2. The tree-shaped main branches trimmed by the method are few, the tree crown leaf curtain is changed from the prior multilayer leaf curtain into a horizontal single-layer leaf curtain, and the photosynthetic effective radiation of the leaf curtain is increased by more than 18 percent.
3. Generally, the tree form trimmed by the method has good ventilation and light transmittance, so that the whole orchard has stable yield and good fruit quality, and the economic life of the orchard is prolonged.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a high-trunk three-main-branch high-luminous-efficiency open tree shaping and trimming method for a pear tree, which comprises the following steps of:
1) planting pear trees at the density of 70-90 plants per 666.7 square meters;
2) and a vertical tree form culture and shaping pruning stage:
in an orchard of 1-4-year-old pear trees, the pear trees are shaped and trimmed by adopting a small-crown sparse-layer shape or a free spindle shape, and 10-15 bone trunk branches are reserved in the whole pear trees;
3) and a transition tree-shaped culture and shaping pruning stage:
when the tree grows for 5-10 years, semi-vertical transition tree form shaping and pruning are adopted, first trunk lifting and head falling are carried out in the period, 6-8 main branches including temporary main branches are reserved in the whole tree during 10 years, the length of a bearing branch group is 50-80cm, the trunk height is 1-1.3m through the trunk lifting, and the height of the tree is reduced by 50-70cm through the head falling;
4) and an open-heart tree form culture and shaping pruning stage:
when the tree ages 11-20 years, adopting open-heart tree shape shaping and trimming, carrying out secondary trunk lifting and head falling in the period, gradually reducing the number of main branches, improving the height of the trunk, keeping 3 permanent main branches in the whole tree when the tree grows 20 years, wherein the length of a bearing branch group is 80-130cm, the trunk lifting height reaches 1.5-1.8m, and the head falling height reaches 3.2-3.8 m;
5) and a high-trunk three main branches high-light-efficiency open tree form stabilization stage;
when the tree is over 20 years old, the tree is shaped and trimmed by adopting a high-trunk three-main-branch high-light-efficiency open tree form, the whole tree keeps 3 permanent main branches, and the fruiting branch group is over 130cm long.
The first trunk-lifting time is 5-8 years old, and the first head-falling time is 6-8 years old.
And the second trunk lifting time is 10-15 years of tree age, and the second head falling time is 12-15 years of tree age.
The base angle of the 3 permanent main branches is 80-85 degrees, and the waist angle is 77-80 degrees; each permanent main branch is of a fan-shaped structure, 3-5 lateral bearing branches are reserved, and long-axis bearing branches are reserved on the lateral bearing branches.
After the horizontal tree shape is stable, the final tree shape reaches the following parameters: the trunk height is 1.5-1.8m, the tree height is 3.2-3.8m, the number of permanent main branches is 3, the opening angle of the main branches is 75-85 degrees, the branch spread is 5.5-6m, the main branches horizontally extend, and the bearing branches naturally droop.
In the process of the pruning method, the orchard density is required to be gradually reduced along with the increase of the tree age, and the final density is achieved through two intermediate cuts:
cutting in a first period: the method is implemented in the growing period of 9-12 years old, thinning is carried out by adopting a plant spacing or interlaced thinning technology, permanent plants and temporary plants need to be distinguished 1-2 years before thinning, thinning is carried out in the first period of orchard, the row spacing of recommended plants in the orchard is 3-4m multiplied by 5-6m, and 35-45 plants are reserved every 666.7 square meters;
and (3) cutting in a second period: the method is implemented before the tree ages are 20 years old, thinning is carried out by adopting an interlaced or random thinning technology, permanent plants and temporary plants need to be distinguished 1-2 years before thinning, and thinning is carried out in a second orchard, wherein the final row spacing of the plants in the orchard is 5-6m multiplied by 7-8m and less than 20 plants are reserved every 666.7 square meters.
Aiming at the problems that the quality of a fruit tree is reduced and the economic benefit is reduced due to the fact that the yield of a common tree form is high in an initial fruiting stage, but crown closure and orchard closure occur after the common tree form enters a full bearing period, the pear tree is trimmed in different types in stages within the time of more than 20 years, finally the pear tree grows into a high-stem three-main-branch high-light-efficiency open-heart tree form, and the apple tree can continuously achieve high quality and high yield by matching with two intermediate cutting, so that the economic life of an orchard is prolonged.
Claims (6)
1. A high-trunk three-main-branch high-light-efficiency open tree shape shaping and trimming method for a pear tree is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) planting pear trees at the density of 70-90 plants per 666.7 square meters;
2) and a vertical tree form culture and shaping pruning stage:
in an orchard of 1-4-year-old pear trees, the pear trees are shaped and trimmed by adopting a small-crown sparse-layer shape or a free spindle shape, and 10-15 bone trunk branches are reserved in the whole pear trees;
3) and a transition tree-shaped culture and shaping pruning stage:
when the tree grows for 5-10 years, semi-vertical transition tree form shaping and pruning are adopted, the first time of trunk lifting and head falling is carried out in the period, 6-8 main branches are reserved in the whole tree when the tree grows for 10 years, the length of a bearing branch group is 50-80cm, the trunk height is 1-1.3m through the first time of trunk lifting, and the height of the tree is reduced by 50-70cm through the head falling;
4) and an open-heart tree form culture and shaping pruning stage:
when the tree ages 11-20 years, adopting open-heart tree shape shaping and trimming, carrying out secondary trunk lifting and head falling in the period, gradually reducing the number of main branches, improving the height of the trunk, keeping 3 permanent main branches in the whole tree when the tree grows 20 years, wherein the length of a bearing branch group is 80-130cm, the secondary trunk lifting enables the height of the trunk to reach 1.5-1.8m, and the head falling enables the height of the tree to reach 3.2-3.8 m;
5) and a high-trunk three main branches high-light-efficiency open tree form stabilization stage;
when the tree is over 20 years old, the tree is shaped and trimmed by adopting a high-trunk three-main-branch high-light-efficiency open tree form, the whole tree keeps 3 permanent main branches, and the fruiting branch group is over 130cm long.
2. The pear tree high-trunk three-main-branch high-luminous-efficiency open-center tree shape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first trunk-lifting time is 5-8 years old, and the first head-falling time is 6-8 years old.
3. The pear tree high-trunk three-main-branch high-luminous-efficiency open-center tree shape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the second trunk lifting time is 10-15 years of tree age, and the second head falling time is 12-15 years of tree age.
4. The pear tree high-trunk three-main-branch high-luminous-efficiency open-center tree shape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base angle of the 3 permanent main branches is 80-85 degrees, and the waist angle is 77-80 degrees; each permanent main branch is of a fan-shaped structure, 3-5 lateral bearing branches are reserved, and long-axis bearing branches are reserved on the lateral bearing branches.
5. The pear tree high-trunk three-main-branch high-luminous-efficiency open-center tree shape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the horizontal tree shape is stable, the final tree shape reaches the following parameters: the trunk height is 1.5-1.8m, the tree height is 3.2-3.8m, the number of permanent main branches is 3, the opening angle of the main branches is 75-85 degrees, the branch spread is 5.5-6m, the main branches horizontally extend, and the bearing branches naturally droop.
6. The pear tree high-trunk three-main-branch high-luminous-efficiency open-center tree shape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the process of the pruning method, the orchard density is required to be gradually reduced along with the increase of the tree age, and the final density is achieved through two intermediate cuts:
cutting in a first period: the method is implemented in the growing period of 9-12 years old, thinning is carried out by adopting a plant spacing or interlaced thinning technology, permanent plants and temporary plants need to be distinguished 1-2 years before thinning, thinning is carried out in the first period of orchard, the row spacing of recommended plants in the orchard is 3-4m multiplied by 5-6m, and 35-45 plants are reserved every 666.7 square meters;
and (3) cutting in a second period: the method is implemented before the tree ages are 20 years old, thinning is carried out by adopting an interlaced or random thinning technology, permanent plants and temporary plants need to be distinguished 1-2 years before thinning, thinning is carried out in a second orchard, the final row spacing of the orchard plants is 5-6m multiplied by 7-8m, and less than 20 plants are reserved every 666.7 square meters.
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| CN108605564A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-02 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of high-order happy tree-like descending branch result shaping and trimming method of yuluxiang pear |
| CN112119825B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-11-23 | 山西农业大学 | Production method for regulating and controlling high-light-efficiency tree-shaped mode according to growth stage of fruit tree |
| CN109452067A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-12 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | A kind of Young pear trees shaping methods |
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| CN105104072A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | High-yield planting method for juicy peaches |
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| CN102715056A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-10 | 句容市春来早果品专业合作社 | Method for shaping and pruning open center-shaped peach tree with three main branches |
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