CN104080538A - 用于研磨机器的纤维定向技术 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于加速食物产品并且减少产品压力以便导致产品被拉伸从而对齐产品的纤维的设备和方法。
Description
相关申请
本申请是2011年12月29日提交的在审申请序列号13/374,441、2011年12月27日提交的在审申请序列号13/374,417、2011年12月27日提交的在审申请序列号13/374,422、2011年12月27日提交的在审申请序列号13/374,421和2011年12月27日提交的在审申请序列号13/374,423的部分继续,上述文献全部是2011年9月12日提交的申请序列号13/199,910的部分继续。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于加速食物产品并且减少产品压力以便导致产品被拉伸从而对齐产品的纤维的设备和方法。
背景技术
当前加工技术依赖于高压、高速和复杂的材料流动路径,这会产生产品质量的不足。对肉细胞施加高压力,压力越高,则肉细胞产生更多的推拿、挤压和湍流。高速与复杂流动路径的结合增加了压力和湍流并作用于肉产品,从而使得肌球蛋白/肌动蛋白从细胞释放和混合,从而导致肌肉纤维结合在一起并收缩(蛋白结合)。在烹饪时在高热应用期间发生收缩。肉纤维的动作是在长度上收缩,这种收缩与蛋白结合一起不仅缩短了肌肉纤维(其不被控制的话则会导致奇怪的烹饪形状)还导致口感差的橡胶状纹理。
在肌肉方面,肌动蛋白是细肌丝的主要成分,其与机动蛋白肌球蛋白(其形成粗肌丝)一起被设置成肌原纤维肌动球蛋白。这些原纤维包括肌肉收缩机制。通过使用ATP的水解作为能量,肌球蛋白头经历一个循环,在这个循环期间它们附接到细肌丝,从而施加张力,并且之后根据负载执行做功冲程,该做功冲程导致细肌丝滑过,从而缩短肌肉。
肌肉原纤维结构的长度被测量为在从微米到几毫米。这些原纤维结构被捆扎在一起以形成肌肉。肌原纤维蛋白是最大组群并且更可能指的是这些蛋白而不是别的。在肌肉细胞中,肌动蛋白是肌球蛋白在其上产生力以支持肌肉收缩的支架。肌球蛋白是通过机械手段从肌肉细胞提取的主要蛋白。
翻滚和推拿的重要目的是溶解并提取肌原纤维蛋白,以便在肉纤维的表面上产生蛋白渗出物。在加热时,所述渗出物使得被加工肉块结合在一起。结合强度也随着推拿或混合时间的增加而增加。这是由于在肉表面上形成更多渗出物。随着混合时间的增加,天然的肌球蛋白的提取物增加。
研磨/切碎利用了破坏细胞以释放蛋白的原理。这种机械切碎或切割发生于切割/填充板孔处。这个过程从肌肉细胞提取肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白。
混合利用摩擦和动能来释放蛋白渗出物。填充孔形状和间距会导致肉流动中的死点和湍流。这种方向的改变是混合和推拿的一种形式。这是从肌肉细胞提取肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的另一过程。
推拿利用摩擦、动能和压力来增加蛋白渗出物。这个动作几乎发生在肉与加工设备接触的任意部位,并且经由压力而运动或改变方向。这也是包括从肌肉细胞提取肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的过程。
肉饼由整个肌肉肉块、餐桌下脚料、LFTB(稀细纹理的牛肉)或其组合构成。
研磨机/混合器使产品混合成粗研磨或产生成品的精研磨。这产生了形成细条的均质混合。
在冷冻食物的情况下,可以使用切片机,其首先将冷冻食物切片并且之后在研磨机/混合器/搅拌机中研磨。
发明内容
本发明的目标在于,纤维定向技术减少肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白的释放和混合。本发明的目标是纤维定向技术控制纤维取向。本发明的目标是,纤维定向技术提供较少的肌球蛋白活性,从而导致具有更佳的口感/结合并且具有对最终烹饪形状的更佳控制。
本发明涉及用于加速食物产品以便导致产品被拉伸从而对齐产品的纤维的设备和方法。本发明的目标是,孔或孔口的尺寸从较大直径变为较小直径且具有竖直或凹入侧面。本发明的目标是侧面具有尖锐边缘。该原理具有类似于文氏管的设计点。这是指喷嘴、文氏管、孔口或限流件,其导致在具有通过孔口的相应压降的情况下的产品加速。
通过减小物质所穿过的管的直径,增加了速度。这就是质量守恒原理。当速度增加时,材料的压力降低。这就是能量守恒原理。
对于每种液体而言,在横截面积(C)与横截面积(c)之间存在一个比率,仅能够通过降低温度或增加压力来增加通过所述横截面积(c)的速度。虽然研磨肉不是均质液体,但是仍适用于相同原理。除非在孔口和小孔口之间具有有限长度的过渡部,否则不能够获得文氏管。
文氏管允许从较大孔口到较小孔口的平滑过渡。所述过渡最小化了流动过渡并且因而减少了***中的约束。该过渡最小化了能量损失并且支持纤维对齐。
文氏管内的过渡极难以在生产加工环境中形成。因此,使用球体或类似形状的几何特性允许能够通过使用标准生产实践来获得许多文氏管效应特性。
球体上的所有点均距固定点以相同距离。球体的轮廓和平面截面是圆。球体具有相同宽度和围长。球体在具有最小表面面积的情况下具有最大体积。所有上述特性允许肉在中断最小的情况下流动。不存在静态区或死区。不管圆筒与球体相贯角度如何,横截面均是正圆。
本发明的目标是增加肉速度从而促使线性纤维对齐。
本发明的目标是在研磨机板或孔口板内具有球体几何构型或类似形状以便产生文氏管效应。
本发明涉及具有送料斗的研磨机器,要被研磨的材料被置于该送料斗内。研磨机器进一步包括研磨机部分,其包括研磨头、安装环、桥架、收集管、螺旋钻或进给丝杠以及筒。进给丝杠被置于研磨头内以便使送料斗内的材料前进通过所述头。刀具组件被安装在进给丝杠的一端并且与孔口板或研磨机板结合地随进给丝杠而旋转。这会研磨由进给丝杠推向孔口板的材料。进给丝杠在其下游端具有孔,中心销被***该孔内。中心销延伸通过刀具组件的中央通路,并且通过被置于孔口板的中央开口内的衬套。收集锥体被置于孔口板下游并且被固定到衬套。孔口板由具有多个研磨孔洞的外区段和具有至少一个收集通路的内区段构成。孔口板的一个或更多个收集通路通向由收集锥体限定的收集结构,其通常包括收集腔和排放通路。孔口板防护件被置于孔口板下游并且保持收集结构就位。安装环保持所述防护件抵靠孔口板并且将干涉结构安装到研磨头的主体。
本发明涉及用于肉研磨机器的研磨机头。本发明改进纤维对齐。肉纤维被拉动通过研磨机板的孔口,该研磨机板拉伸肉纤维。孔口所产生的文氏管效应使得纤维通过刀片对齐。肉纤维被拉伸并且允许整齐/光洁切割。很少或没有肌球蛋白的释放。
本发明的目标是得到通过肉切口的最小横截面。
本发明的目标是研磨机研磨食物产品。
通过使用将减小圆筒尺寸的***来加速这种产品流动。通过使用源自伯努利定律的等式A1V1=A2V2,可以通过减小横截面积来增加速度。
其典型实现方法是使用文氏管喷嘴。然而,文氏管需要逐渐的面积减小和有限长度的喉管。在给定板厚度的约束的情况下,将文氏管置于研磨机或孔口板内是不可行的。然而,通过利用球体特性,通过使得圆筒与较大直径的球体相贯而使得产品实现加速。
在球体中,压力沿所有方向均是相同的。因此,当圆筒相贯于球体时产品将沿与圆筒同轴的方向以高速运动。因为以较高速度运动的产品将产生更大动量,所以在研磨机板中对产品的冲击会更大。
本发明的目标是通过形成球体-圆筒孔口从而在孔口板的孔口内产生文氏管效应。这产生了文氏管效应或文氏管泵。这使得产品加速通过孔口。球体切口沿所有方向产生相等压力。本发明的目标是,具有半球或弯曲结构,其具有的直径不大于所用的液体、气体或固体的扼流并且不小于所连接的圆筒部分的直径。
本发明的目标是,半球或弯曲结构具有的直径是与其相贯的圆筒部分的1.1至2.5倍。优选地从边缘到孔具有较尖锐边缘。
本发明的目标是使用与圆筒相贯的球体几何构型,并且球体的直径与圆筒的面积的比率不大于所用液体、气体或固体的扼流并且不小于所连接的圆筒的直径,以便产生使得肉流动维持改进的细胞结构的条件。
不规则形状不具有直径,但是它们具有面积。对于线性物品的给定比率,比率是线性比率的平方。对于弯曲和不规则形状,初始面积和减小面积的比率约在从1.2至6.25。
本发明的目标是提供具有纤维定向技术的骨头收集器。骨头被捕获在研磨头上,路径源自于研磨头。
本发明的目标是,骨头收集器路径具有上述纤维定向技术,其包括具有变为圆筒的球体,该圆筒产生较小直径从而增加肉的加速,从而使其随着骨头带走并且留下更多的肉。
本发明的目标是,流出物来自于钢管,其进入球体或半球体,并且进入具有有限长度的圆筒中,以便产生文氏管效应。孔口尺寸的变化改变流动控制。
本发明的目标是,骨头收集器是自清洁的。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的文氏管设计的图释。
图2是本发明的孔口或研磨机板的实施例的俯视图。
图3是本发明的孔口或研磨机板的实施例的放大俯视图。
图4是本发明的孔口或研磨机板的实施例的横截面侧视图。
图5是本发明的孔口或研磨机板的实施例的放大横截面侧视图。
图6是本发明的研磨机板的俯视图。
图7是本发明的骨头收集管组件的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了现有技术文氏管100,其包括直径102、角度过渡部104、喉管长度106和排放部108。
图2示出了具有孔洞210的孔口板200。
图3示出了具有孔洞210的孔口板200的放大图。
图4示出了具有孔洞210的孔口板200。孔洞包括球体区段212和圆筒区段214。
图5示出了具有球体区段212和圆筒区段214的孔洞210的放大图。
图6示出了研磨机板250,其具有骨头收集槽252和孔口254,所述孔口254包括球体直径256和圆筒直径258。箭头260示出了肉流动的方向。
图7示出了骨头收集器管270,其包括废料管272、废料螺旋钻274、以及FOT骨头提取***件276,所述FOT骨头提取***件包括球体区段278和圆筒区段280。
本发明涉及纤维定向技术。纤维定向技术降低研磨机板上的压力,对齐肉纤维,以使得所产生的肌肉纤维的收缩是沿选择方向的,从而控制口感和缩水二者。纤维定向技术为产品流提供了较小阻力。
纤维定向技术为更整齐的切割提供了更佳的剪切表面。纤维定向技术在研磨机板内对齐纤维,因此剪切动作会尽可能少地破坏肌肉细胞。纤维定向技术减少了研磨机板的阻塞肉流动的总面积,从而导致作用于肉的较少产品方向变化。纤维定向技术将肉纤维拉动通过研磨机板的孔口,而不是使用文氏管/阻流板原理进行推动。
纤维定向技术的所有这些特征减少了肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白的释放和混合,净效应是纤维的受控取向,较少的肌球蛋白活性,从而导致更佳的口感/结合以及对最终烹饪形状的更佳控制。
研磨机板的孔口内的球体几何构型产生了文氏管效应。
研磨机板具有以预定图案分布的多个填充孔口。孔口由与圆筒区段相贯的球体相贯部或弯曲结构构成。球体区段或弯曲结构具有的直径不大于所用液体、气体或固体的扼流并且不小于连接的圆筒部分的直径。通过减小横截面积,产生“文氏管”条件。通过使用球体区段或弯曲结构,在圆筒和球体或弯曲结构之间的相贯部产生能够被制造的过渡部,其几何构型接近文氏管型***。优选地从边缘到孔具有较尖锐边缘。为了获得完美边缘,优选地是借助研磨机来锐化。在优选实施例中,研磨机板被镀铬。
通过使用质量守恒和能量守恒原理,在***中的所有点处的体积流率必须是相等的。(ρ1A1V1)=(ρ2A2V2)。因为ρ是常数,所以速度是反比于横截面积。同样,文氏管需要具有一定有限距离的坡道和也具有有限距离的喉管。
成为圆形横截面的球体几何构型导致了产品速度增加且同时在肉上维持更一致的压力。球体具有下述特性:
>球体上的所有点均距固定点以相同距离。
>球体的轮廓和平面截面是圆。
>球体具有相同宽度和围长。
>球体在具有最小表面面积的情况下具有最大体积。
>所有上述特性允许肉在中断最小的情况下流动。不存在静态区或死区。
>不管圆筒与球体相贯角度如何,横截面均是正圆。
>球体内部的压力沿所有方向都是均匀的。
当肉穿过球体的圆形横截面时,在球体中的压力均匀这一事实产生将与球体同轴的力。面积的减少使得肉加速通过填充板的圆筒截面。经验上表明,加速会使得纤维在主流动方向上对齐。因此,存在纤维定向。
Claims (18)
1.一种研磨机器,包括:
送料斗,要被研磨的材料被置于所述送料斗内;
研磨机部分,所述研磨机部分包括研磨头、安装环、桥架、筒和收集管;
进给丝杠或螺旋钻,其被置于所述研磨头内以便使所述送料斗内的材料前进通过所述研磨头;
刀具组件,所述刀具组件被安装在所述进给丝杠的一端;
所述刀具组件随所述进给丝杠和孔口板旋转;
位于所述孔口板下游的收集锥体;
所述孔口板包括多个研磨孔洞和至少一个收集通路;
所述研磨孔洞产生文氏管效应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,所述研磨机器对齐被研磨的纤维材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,要被研磨的所述材料被拉动通过所述孔口板的所述孔洞,所述孔口板拉伸所述材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,所述孔洞产生的所述文氏管效应将通过所述孔口板的要被研磨的所述材料的纤维对齐。
5.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,要被研磨的所述材料被拉伸或对齐,并产生所述材料的整齐切割。
6.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,所述被研磨材料很少或不释放肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白。
7.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,所述孔洞产生通过被研磨材料的最小横截面。
8.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,所述孔洞具有的直径不大于所用液体、气体或固体的扼流并且不小于所连接的圆筒部分的直径。
9.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,所述孔洞具有的直径使得所述孔口板中的球体区段的直径与所述孔口板的圆筒区域的直径的比率约在1.1至2.5之间。
10.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,所述孔口板的所述孔洞利用球体区段与圆筒的相贯,以便产生代表所述文氏管孔口的横截面。
11.一种用于研磨机器的孔口板,所述孔口板包括多个研磨孔洞;所述研磨孔洞包括与圆筒区段相贯的球体区段,其中所述球体区段的直径和所述圆筒区段的直径的比率是当可成型食物产品穿过所述孔口板时在所述可成型食物产品上产生扼流效应的比率。
12.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,要被研磨的所述食物包括肉。
13.根据权利要求1所述的研磨机器,其中,所述孔口板的所述孔洞的尺寸从较大直径变为较小直径且具有带尖锐边缘的竖直或凹入侧面。
14.根据权利要求1所述的孔口板,所述孔口板包括喷嘴、文氏管、孔口或限流件,所述喷嘴、文氏管、孔口或限流件在通过所述孔洞具有对应压降的情况下导致产品加速。
15.一种骨头收集器,包括:
至少一个孔洞,其具有与圆筒连接的球体,其中所述球体具有比所述圆筒更大的直径。
16.根据权利要求15所述的骨头收集器,其中所述球体与所述圆筒的直径的差异增加了肉从所述球体到所述圆筒的加速。
17.根据权利要求15所述的骨头收集器,其中所述骨头收集器是自清洁的。
18.一种骨头收集器,包括:
骨头收集器管,所述骨头收集器管包括:
废料管;
废料螺旋钻;
FOT骨头提取***件,其包括球体区段和圆筒区段。
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