CN103053256A - Few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under complete straw mulching condition - Google Patents
Few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under complete straw mulching condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under a complete straw mulching condition. The seeding and fertilizing method comprises the following steps of: after wheat is harvested by a combined wheat harvester, covering straws on the surface of soil in a strip manner basically, and implementing subsoiling, shallow and deep fertilization and seeding of corns in one step in seeding lines by a no-tillage corn seeding and fertilizing machine; and after the corns are harvested by a combined corn harvester, cutting up corn straws by rotary blades of the combined corn harvester, uniformly covering the corn straws on the surface of the ground, and implementing subsoiling, rotary tillage of wheat seeding belts, seeding of wheat and shallow and deep fertilization in one step by a no-tillage wheat seeding and fertilizing machine. The few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method has the advantages of alleviating disturbance on soil, ensuring the variety and stable quantity of microorganisms in surface soil, being beneficial to benign growth of roots of crops and eliminating the influence of crop straw mulching on the quality of seeding and seedling emergence of wheat and corns.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seeding and fertilizing technology of crop-planting production process, be specifically related to the wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method that a kind of wheat and corn two ripe crops straws are gone back few no-tillage soil under the condition of field entirely.
Background technology
China's staple food crop such as wheat, Level Maize Production improve gradually, but grain agricultural product price growth rate was compared slow with economic crops, industry and service trade, the peasant income less, the labour of a line of causing being engaged in agricultural production reduces gradually, this has just impelled the application of machinery in agricultural production more and more general, and this also is the inexorable trend that productivity improves.As mechanical harvest wheat and corn, machinery carry out the fertilising of straw-returning, mechanical planting, machinery is sprayed insecticide and the mechanically actuated such as foliage fertilizer is compared significant progress has been arranged at the end of last century.But present cereal crops such as wheat, also exist such or such drawback on the mechanization production of corn etc., as at the smooth wheat and corn crop rotation growing area of physical features, producing at present custom is combine results wheats, stalk is shed the mulching soil surface, manual dibbling's corn or the again final singling of mechanical planting corn, spread fertilizer over the fields before the Artificial Rain or machinery trench digging imposes fertilizer, artificial harvesting corn or mechanical harvest corn, the artificial results of stalk remove ground or machinery is smashed rear covering ground, manually spread fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer, rotovator carries out 2 times rotary tillages mixes soil and fertilizer and maize straw, a series of machineries such as mechanical planting wheat participate in the mode of production operation.
See from above-mentioned operation, basically each link has the use of machinery, but has many irrational modes of operation in these production routines, as: the corn seeding behind (1) harvesting wheat and fertilising link break away from, many one-pass operations operation in the production, labor cost increases; (2) during corn seeding because the wheat stalk of shedding and the impact of Liu Gao stubble, cause that the corn seeding quality is low, emerge regularity and emergence rate are subjected to certain influence; (3) namely spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer on the earth's surface behind the harvest corn, limited by cost, the peasant does not generally adopt the deep ploughing mode, and the operation of long-term soil rotary tillage causes topsoil to shoal, Root Distribution is more shallow, is unfavorable for that lower bundle absorbs profound soil nutrient, and destroys the topsoil soils microflora, cause microbe species and quantity significantly to reduce, be unfavorable for the optimum growth of wheat root; (4) be subjected to stalk granularity and rotary tillage influence of specification, upper soll layer loosens, leaking out causes seeding quality not high, seed suspending, and it is influenced to emerge, and happens occasionally because stalk affect sow cause the being short of seedling ridge phenomenon of breaking of machinery; (5) there is drawback in the fertile mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields before the Wheat Sowing with fertilising kind, position, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and the wheat seeding nutrition supply is affected; (6) wheat shooting stage of turning green need to once topdress again, employed dynamic power machine should not advance such as wheat field to operate, the more manually trench digging fertilizing type that adopts, be subjected to year rear migrant worker's increase, the labour that is engaged in agriculture reduces, employing is spread fertilizer over the fields that fertilizer is irrigated again or is not carried out the plot ratio that wheat topdresses and improve year by year, and wheat yield and income are had a strong impact on.
Did the area in 1 year two at most of wheats, corn at present, the smooth Huang-Huai-Hai plain that is beneficial to do mechanization operation of physical features particularly, the also field rate of wheat and maize stalk improves year by year, wherein the also field rate of wheat stalk is more than 90%, because maize straw is comparatively sturdy, but also the field rate is also more than 60% for it, and each area is slightly variant.Two season crops straw all also under the condition of field, analyze by producing at present upper mechanical rotary tillage operations specifications, cause topsoil to shoal, it is apparent in view phenomenon that the plow layer microflora is damaged, and is unfavorable for very much producing.In order to protect plow layer, CN102550258A(201210015480.X) provide a grow wheat alternate type conservation tillage and wide cut Wide-row sowing fertilizing method, farming, sowing and fertilizing method to wheat limit, but the alternate type in the method operates in and is subjected to plot restriction and fine degree restriction to be difficult for operating in the production, and every 3-4 is the chance of samsara rotary tillage once, the phenomenon that can exist topsoil to shoal equally; Exist in the situation on earth's surface at maize straw large amount of organic material, it is basically unrealistic that rotary tillage reaches 20-25cm, and rotary blade can't reach the degree of depth like this; Using of fertilizer more is present in the rotary tillage layer in addition, can't satisfy the requirement that profound root system and nutrition continue supply, only limits in the fertilizer amount, do not indicate fertilizer type; The in addition same destruction to the soil fauna that exists of topdressing in spring in next year, topdressing of later stage also carried out the disturbance operation to soil.CN101702966A(CN200910210346.3) a kind of conservation tillage cultivation method is disclosed; the method has only been carried out the restriction of cultivation method to the spring corn of 1 year one work; and the soil region that the stalk amount in 1 year is placed on 1/3 area fully turns over and buries; have higher specification requirement in operation, processing bad effect can non-constant.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method that a kind of wheat and corn two ripe crops straws are gone back few no-tillage soil under the condition of field entirely.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of stalk is gone back the wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of few no-tillage soil under the condition of field entirely, comprise the entirely full wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization behind the field also of no-till maize fertilising behind the field, maize straw also of wheat stalk, a rotation cycle is only carried out twice farming to soil, and step is as follows:
(1) fertilising of the no-till maize behind the wheat mechanical harvest
After combined wheat harvester was finished harvesting wheat, the basic slivering banding pattern of stalk covered soil surface, on the sowing row, utilized no-till maize fertilizer distributor Subsoiling, depth fertilising, seeding corn, once finished;
The degree of depth of described Subsoiling is 35-40cm; Utilize the subsoiling post of no-till maize fertilizer distributor to finish;
Described depth fertilising is by the fertilising pipe fertilizer to be transported to respectively the soil horizon A of the 15-20cm degree of depth and the soil horizon B of the 30-35cm degree of depth in soil subsoiling; Wherein, more shallow soil horizon A uses nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer, and darker soil horizon B particulate application shape delays Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer;
Described seeding corn is that maize seed is evenly broadcast at soil 3-5cm soil layer place, every 667m
2The size row no-tillage seeding specification of the row such as seeding quantity is controlled at 2-3kg, employing spacing 55-65cm or wide row space 80-90cm, little line-spacing 30-40cm.
(2) the wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization behind the corn mechanical harvest
Behind the corn combine harvesting corn, corn combine revolve cutter with shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface, utilize wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine Subsoiling, rotary tillage wheat cultivation band, sowing wheat, depth fertilising, disposable finishing:
At first, the maize straw of overburden soil table is divided to both sides, expose the soil surface of 10-12cm width; The soil that exposes is carried out soil subsoiling 40-45cm, fertilizer is applied in the soil horizon of 30-35cm simultaneously, the fertilizer of using is the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of graininess;
Soil to the wheat cultivation band carries out the rotary tillage operation, and the rotary tillage degree of depth is at 12-15cm, and width 8-10cm forms the wheat cultivation band, and evenly apply nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer on the wheat cultivation band, and fertilization depth is 10-13cm;
Adopt the Wide-strip seeding method, Wheat Species evenly is scattered in the wheat cultivation band, sowing depth is at 3-4cm, every 667m
2The amount of broadcasting is controlled at 10-15kg.Tiller into fringe type and sowing time according to wheat breed are regulated the amount of broadcasting.
Preferred according to the present invention, in the step (1), more shallow soil horizon A uses the amount of application of nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer by every 667m
25-7kg nitrogen (in N), 5-7kg phosphorus (with P
2O
5Meter), 9-12kg potassium is (with K
2The O meter) drops into.Can regulate according to yield level and soil nutrient status.
Preferred according to the present invention, in the step (1), the amount of application of the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of darker soil horizon B particulate application shape is by every 667m
28-12kg nitrogen (in N) drop into, select release period at 45-60 days slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, need not topdress whole breeding time again.Can regulate according to yield level and soil nutrient status.
Preferred according to the present invention, in the step (1), the corn seeding line position is on depth fertilising row.
Preferred according to the present invention, in the step (1), the fertilizer mouth of pipe of high position is located at apart from 15-20cm place, subsoiling post upper end and is used for shallow soil fertilization, and the fertilizer mouth of pipe of lower position is located at apart from 30-35cm place, subsoiling post upper end and is used for dark soil fertilization; The subsoiling post is transported to fertilizer in the soil horizon of the soil horizon of the 15-20cm degree of depth and the 30-35cm degree of depth by the fertilizer pipe by vibration in Subsoiling.
According to the present invention, be to utilize the preposition driving separator of wheat zero tillage combined seed to paste the earth's surface maize straw of overburden soil table is divided to both sides in the step (2).Utilize wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine subsoiling post to finish soil subsoiling, by the fertilising pipe fertilizer is applied in the soil horizon of 30-35cm simultaneously.
Preferred according to the present invention, apply the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of graininess in the soil horizon of 30-35cm in the step (2), by every 667m
26-10kg nitrogen (in N) drop into, the selective liberation phase was at 90-120 days slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer.Can be adjusted according to yield level and soil nutrient status.The fertilising that should delay Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is to utilize the fertilising pipe of subsoiling post back to finish.
Preferred according to the present invention, with shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface, also spray simultaneously the maize straw decomposition agent described in the step (2); Market is on sale.Preferably, the stalk decomposition agent is selected the Rui Laite microorganism decomposition agent that Chengdu Synthesis Biological Technology Co., Ltd. produces.
According to the present invention, be to utilize the rotary blade of wheat zero tillage combined seed to carry out the soil rotary tillage operation of wheat cultivation band in the step (2), the outlet of Wheat Species case and rotary blade are on same straight line.The rotary blade of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine is positioned at subsoiling post back and driving separator and subsoiling post on same vertical straight line in the step (2).
Preferred according to the present invention, as to apply at the wheat cultivation band in the step (2) nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer is by every 667m
26-8kg nitrogen (in N), 7-9kg phosphorus (with P
2O
5Meter), 4-6kg potassium is (with K
2The O meter) drops into.Can be adjusted according to yield level and soil nutrient status.The fertilising of this quick-acting fertilizer is to utilize the defertilizing tube of rotary blade back to finish, and fertilization depth 10-13cm is finished by the plough cooperation of this defertilizing tube configuration.
Preferred according to the present invention, wheat cultivation adopts sowing band 8-10cm(width in the step (2)) and No-tillage with Straw Cover band 32-40cm(width) the no-tillage seeding specification.Ordinary circumstance will increase about 10% than the wheat cultivation amount of conventional tillage.
Preferred according to the present invention, in the step (2) wheat after planting, the trailing bar of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine can cover the sowing band that plough is left flat with soil, press wheel will be sowed band and suppress.
Method of the present invention is applicable to the full wheat and corn crop rotation growing area under the condition of field also of two season crops straws.Particularly applicable for the smooth sandy loam matter of physical features, loamy texture soil.
Characteristics of the present invention and excellent results:
The present invention follows less the principle of no-tillage soil, reduced the disturbance to soil, the microbe species and the quantity that have guaranteed topsoil soils are stable, be conducive to the optimum growth of crop root, solved the impact of Returning Application of Crop Straw on wheat and maize insemination and emergence mass formation fully, compared to existing technology, mainly contain following excellent results:
1. compare with the conventional tillage sowing, few no-tillage seeding of the present invention is few to the spreading destruction number of times of soil, and the amount of breaking ground is few, is conducive to keep topsoil soils microbiotic stable, guarantees crop root micro-region soil microbial activity and diversity.
2. the capable and wheat cultivation band of corn seeding can be allocated to both sides with stalk by the no-tillage seeding fertilization machine, serious twine careless phenomenon and can not occur, having reduced operation resistance and having guaranteed to emerge not affected by the covering of stalk, simultaneously seedling band suppression does not have the participation of stalk, can suppress closely knit, can blank or seed suspending, guarantee to emerge quality and wheat seeding safe overwintering.
3. utilize the subsoiling post of no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine, fertilizer can have been applied in the darker soil layer, the fertilizer with the shallow-layer that is manured into soil has guaranteed that wheat and corn reaches the needed fertilizer nutrient of the different soils degree of depth in early stage and later stage root growth simultaneously; The fertilising of different levels concentrate on seed or seedling band under, played concentrated fertilising, improved the effect of plant recovery of nutrient, and guaranteed stable yields and the volume increase of crop.
4. considered in the fertilizing method of the present invention that wheat and corn whole breeding time is to the demand of npk nutrient, the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of different release periods is applied in the relatively dark soil, the one, can guarantee the growth demand of the crop root of different growing stages, the 2nd, the nitrogenous fertilizer of long release period has effectively guaranteed the nitrogen nutrition supply in crop later stage.In the limited situation of present agricultural workforce, mechanically actuated is disposable finishes with subsoiling, sowing, fertilising, suppression etc., and the later stage need not topdress again, reduces cargo handling operation, played and reduced the effect that the labour drops into, reduces production costs, every 667m under 1 year two seasons crop rotation condition
2But abridged edition increases income more than 150 yuan.
5. few no-tillage wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method is that this method covers sowing row and seeding belt both sides uniformly with crops straw in the two entirely also a kind of production operations under the condition of field of season stalk, the one, and the effectively growth of the weeds in field of minimizing; The 2nd, the rainwash that can reduce rainy season has been put aside moisture when reducing water and soil loss; The 3rd, the covering of stalk has effectively cushioned the variation of soil temperature, has reduced the evaporation of soil moisture, improves the drought-relief ability; The crops straw in two seasons contains abundant npk nutrient, and under the impact of natural conditions, the stalk nutrient has been given back soil in a large number in the time of mulching and returning, and particularly giving back of stalk potassium element can significantly substitute the potassium fertilizer input.
6. suppression after the operations such as the soil subsoiling of the capable and wheat cultivation band of corn seeding, fertilising, sowing, horizontal level slightly descends, and rainfall and irrigation water are introduced, and utilizes when irrigating and has improved efficiency of water application.
7. wheat adopts the wide cut seeding method of band, is conducive to take full advantage of the space, improves the utilization to the photo-thermal resource, and seeding belt does not have stalk to sneak into effective underproduction impact that cause output on the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling that reduced.
8. also added the stalk decomposition agent during maize straw, can guarantee the rapid decomposition of maize straw, the straw-returning in two seasons is unlikely a large amount of fields that is piled up in year after year, affects production operation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is no-till maize fertilizer distributor partial devices schematic diagram (prior art).Among the figure 1, the subsoiling post, 2, the high position defertilizing opening, 3, the lower position defertilizing opening, 4, plough, 5, plant the case outlet, 6, trailing bar.
Fig. 2 is wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine partial devices schematic diagram (prior art).Among the figure 11, driving separator, 12, the subsoiling post, 13, the fertilising pipe, 14, rotary blade, 15, plough I, 16, defertilizing opening, 17, plough II, 18, plant the case outlet, 19, trailing bar, 20, press wheel.
Embodiment
By the following examples the present invention is further specified, but the present invention is not limited only to following examples.
Embodiment 1: a kind of stalk is few no-tillage wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method under the condition of field also entirely, comprises the disposable operation of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization behind no-tillage seeding corn and the disposable operation of fertilising, the maize straw, and step is as follows:
1. no-tillage seeding corn and the disposable operation of fertilising
(1) after the harvesting wheat stalk is shed into strip-type and is covered soil surface, carry out field sowing fertilising operation with no-till maize fertilizer distributor (as shown in Figure 1), preposition subsoiling post 1 carries out soil subsoiling 38cm by vibrations, and nature divides stalk to the both sides of subsoiling ditch simultaneously;
(2) subsoiling post 1 rear side has two defertilizing tubes of height diverse location, be in the fertilizer mouth of pipe 2 of high position apart from 15cm place, subsoiling post upper end, be in the fertilizer mouth of pipe 3 of lower position apart from 32cm place, subsoiling post upper end, the subsoiling post is transported to fertilizer the soil depth of 15cm and 32cm by the fertilizer pipe by vibration in Subsoiling; The high position fertilizer mouth of pipe is discharged the graininess quick-acting fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus potassium, every 667m
2Apply 6kg purity nitrogen (in N, fertilizer variety is urea and diammonium phosphate), 5kg phosphorus (with P
2O
5Meter, fertilizer variety is diammonium phosphate), 10kg potassium is (with K
2The O meter, fertilizer variety is potassium chloride); Lower position fertilizer mouth of pipe graininess is delayed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, every 667m
2Drop into 9kg nitrogen (in N, release period is 50 days slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer) and drop into, need not topdress whole breeding time again;
(3) the kind case of no-tillage seeding fertilization machine postposition outlet 4(is inboard at plough) maize seed is evenly broadcast at soil 4cm soil layer place, every 667m along the direction of advance of subsoiling post 1 by plough 5
2The amount of broadcasting is controlled at 2.5kg;
(4) capable, two fertilizer outlets 2 of two of diverse location fertilising pipes of height of corn seeding, 3 with subsoiling post 1 on same straight line, plant case outlet (plough) in subsoiling post back, the seed furrow that the trailing bar 6 of kind case back is left plough 5 covers flat; Adopt the line-spacing that waits of 60cm to sow specification.
2. the disposable operation of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization
Combine harvesting corn fruit ear simultaneously, combine revolve cutter with shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface, select that wheat zero tillage combined seed (as shown in Figure 2) carries out that stalk is allocated, subsoiling, the rotary tillage of seedling band, sowing, fertilising, the disposable operation in suppression of soil finish.
(1) pastes the maize straw that to pulverize rear overburden soil table in the earth's surface with the preposition driving separator 11 of no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine and divide to both sides, expose the soil surface of 12cm width; Utilize subsoiling post 12 to carry out soil subsoiling 40cm;
(2) the fertilising pipe 13 of subsoiling post 12 rear sides applies the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of graininess in the soil, and the fertilising mouth of pipe is apart from 35cm place, subsoiling post upper end, and the subsoiling post is transported to fertilizer the soil layer of 35cm by the fertilizer pipe by vibration in Subsoiling; The slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of described graininess is with every 667m
2Drop into 7kg nitrogen (in N, release period is 100 days slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer) and drop into, need not topdress whole breeding time again;
(3) rotary blade 14 at subsoiling post 12 back and driving separator 11 and subsoiling post 12 on same straight line, carry out the soil rotary tillage operation of wheat cultivation band with rotary blade, reserve the sowing band of the position rotary tillage 10cm of soil surface in (1), the band rotary tillage degree of depth is at 15cm;
(4) in the wide sowing band of 10cm, the defertilizing opening 16 of being furnished with plough 15 evenly is scattered in the granular composite fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus potassium in the ditch that plough 15 leaves, and the degree of depth is 12cm; The granular composite fertilizer of described nitrogen phosphorus potassium is with every 667m
2Drop into 7kg nitrogen (in N), 7kg phosphorus (with P
2O
5Meter), 4.5kg potassium is (with K
2The O meter).
(5) Wheat Species case outlet 18 is in plough 17 inboards, the Wide-strip seeding method, with rotary blade on same straight line, the ditch of leaving by plough 17 evenly is scattered in Wheat Species in the band of 10cm width, sowing depth is 3.5cm, every 667m
2The amount of broadcasting is controlled at 11kg;
The trailing bar 19 of (6) planting the case back can cover the seeding belt that soil is left plough flat, and press wheel 20 afterwards will be sowed band and suppress; Adopt the sowing band 10cm(wide) and No-tillage with Straw Cover band 36cm(wide) the sowing specification.
Embodiment 2: a kind of stalk is few no-tillage wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method under the condition of field also entirely, comprises the disposable operation of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization behind no-tillage seeding corn and the disposable operation of fertilising, the maize straw, and step is as follows:
1. no-tillage seeding corn and the disposable operation of fertilising, as described in Example 1, difference is:
(1) soil subsoiling 35cm;
(2) be in the fertilizer mouth of pipe of high position apart from 18cm place, subsoiling post upper end, be in the fertilizer mouth of pipe of lower position apart from 35cm place, subsoiling post upper end, the subsoiling post is transported to fertilizer the soil depth of 18cm and 35cm by the fertilizer pipe by vibration in Subsoiling; The high position defertilizing opening is discharged the quick-acting composite fertilizers of graininess of nitrogen phosphorus potassium, every 667m
2Apply 7kg purity nitrogen (in N), 6kg phosphorus (with P
2O
5Meter), 9kg potassium is (with K
2The O meter), lower position defertilizing opening graininess is delayed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, every 667m
2Drop into 10kg nitrogen (in N, release period is 55 days slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer) and drop into, need not topdress whole breeding time again;
(3) maize seed is evenly broadcast at soil 3.5cm soil layer place, every 667m
2The amount of broadcasting is controlled at 2.8kg;
(4) adopt the line-spacing that waits of 58cm to sow specification.
2. the disposable operation of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization, as described in Example 1, difference is:
(1) maize straw that will pulverize rear overburden soil table divides to both sides, exposes the soil surface of 10cm width, soil subsoiling 42cm;
(2) the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer fertilising of the graininess mouth of pipe is apart from 32cm place, subsoiling post upper end, graininess delayed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer be transported to the soil layer of 32cm by the fertilizer pipe, with every 667m
2Dropping into 7.5kg nitrogen (in N, release period is 90 days slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer) drops into;
(3) reserve the sowing band of soil surface rotary tillage 9cm in (1), the band rotary tillage degree of depth is at 15cm;
(4) fertilising in the sowing band is the granular composite fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus potassium, with every 667m
2Drop into 8kg nitrogen (in N), 8kg phosphorus (with P
2O
5Meter), 5kg potassium is (with K
2The O meter), fertilization depth is 10cm;
(5) Wheat Species evenly is scattered in the band of 9cm width, sowing depth is 3cm, every 667m
2The amount of broadcasting is controlled at 12kg;
(6) adopt the sowing specification of sowing band 9cm and No-tillage with Straw Cover band 35cm.
Comparative Examples 1: traditional seeding and fertilizing method
Shedding the no-tillage water furrow planting corn of stalk, seedling stage stubble-cleaning ditching-fertilizing, later stage behind the harvesting wheat topdresses again; Stalk is shed the earth's surface, is spread fertilizer over the fields rotovator rotary tillage 2 times behind the fertilizer behind the harvest corn, drilling wheat, later stage topdress again.Fertilizing nutrient amount, seeding quantity identical with embodiment 1.
The wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of few no-tillage soil is compared with traditional seeding and fertilizing method of Comparative Examples 1 among the embodiment 1, result such as table 1 and table 2, traditional seeding and fertilizing is compared in embodiment 1 no-tillage fertilizing type of seeding, sowing row or the seedling band bulk density of soil significantly reduce, and the maize root system volume is large, and nutrient absorption capability strengthens, the nitrogen plant recovery of nutrient is high, can reduce the runoff loss of corn quaternary nitrogen nutrient, improve the Wheat Seedling soil microbe quantity, period of seedling establishment has obvious drought-relief effect.
Table 1 corn season
Table 2 wheat season
Comparative Examples 2: shed the no-tillage water furrow planting corn of stalk, seedling stage stubble-cleaning ditching-fertilizing, later stage behind the harvesting wheat and topdress again; Stalk is shed the earth's surface, is spread fertilizer over the fields rotovator rotary tillage 2 times behind the fertilizer behind the harvest corn, drilling wheat, later stage topdress again.Fertilizing nutrient amount, seeding quantity identical with embodiment 2.
The wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of few no-tillage soil is compared with traditional seeding and fertilizing method of Comparative Examples 2 among the embodiment 2, and the no-tillage seeding fertilization method obviously improves emergence rate and unit are mature spike number, reduces labour's input cost, increasing both production and income.Result such as table 3 and table 4.
Table 3 corn season
Table 4 wheat season
Claims (7)
1. a stalk is gone back the wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of lacking no-tillage soil under the condition of field entirely, comprise the entirely full wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization behind the field also of no-till maize fertilising behind the field, maize straw also of wheat stalk, a rotation cycle is only carried out twice farming to soil, and step is as follows:
(1) fertilising of the no-till maize behind the wheat mechanical harvest
After combined wheat harvester was finished harvesting wheat, the basic slivering banding pattern of stalk covered soil surface, on the sowing row, utilized no-till maize fertilizer distributor Subsoiling, depth fertilising, seeding corn, once finished;
The degree of depth of described Subsoiling is 35-40cm; Utilize the subsoiling post of no-till maize fertilizer distributor to finish;
Described depth fertilising is by the fertilising pipe fertilizer to be transported to respectively the soil horizon A of the 15-20cm degree of depth and the soil horizon B of the 30-35cm degree of depth in soil subsoiling; Wherein, more shallow soil horizon A uses nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer, and darker soil horizon B particulate application shape delays Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer;
Described seeding corn is that maize seed is evenly broadcast at soil 3-5cm soil layer place, every 667m
2The size row no-tillage seeding specification of the row such as seeding quantity is controlled at 2-3kg, employing spacing 55-65cm or wide row space 80-90cm, little line-spacing 30-40cm;
(2) the wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization behind the corn mechanical harvest
Behind the corn combine harvesting corn, corn combine revolve cutter with shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface, utilize wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine Subsoiling, rotary tillage wheat cultivation band, sowing wheat, depth fertilising, disposable finishing:
At first, the maize straw of overburden soil table is divided to both sides, expose the soil surface of 10-12cm width; The soil that exposes is carried out soil subsoiling 40-45cm, fertilizer is applied in the soil horizon of 30-35cm simultaneously, the fertilizer of using is the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of graininess;
Soil to the wheat cultivation band carries out the rotary tillage operation, and the rotary tillage degree of depth is at 12-15cm, and width 8-10cm forms the wheat cultivation band, and evenly apply nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer on the wheat cultivation band, and fertilization depth is 10-13cm; Select the Wide-strip seeding method, Wheat Species evenly is scattered in the wheat cultivation band, sowing depth is at 3-4cm, every 667m
2The amount of broadcasting is controlled at 10-15kg.
2. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step (1), and more shallow soil horizon A uses the amount of application of nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer by every 667m
25-7kg nitrogen (in N), 5-7kg phosphorus (with P
2O
5Meter), 9-12kg potassium is (with K
2The O meter) drops into.
3. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step (1), and the amount of application of the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of darker soil horizon B particulate application shape is by every 667m
28-12kg nitrogen (in N) drop into, select release period at 45-60 days slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer.
4. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described in the step (2) the maize straw decomposition agent is also sprayed on shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface simultaneously.
5. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that applying in the step (2) the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of graininess in the soil horizon of 30-35cm, by every 667m
26-10kg nitrogen (in N) drop into, the selective liberation phase was at 90-120 days slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer.
6. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer that applies at the wheat cultivation band in the step (2), by every 667m
26-8kg nitrogen (in N), 7-9kg phosphorus (with P
2O
5Meter), 4-6kg potassium is (with K
2The O meter) drops into.
7. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that wheat cultivation adopts the no-tillage seeding specification of sowing bar bandwidth 8-10cm and No-tillage with Straw Cover bandwidth 32-40cm in the step (2).
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