CN108496717A - A kind of Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk crushes the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return - Google Patents
A kind of Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk crushes the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return Download PDFInfo
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- CN108496717A CN108496717A CN201810113943.3A CN201810113943A CN108496717A CN 108496717 A CN108496717 A CN 108496717A CN 201810113943 A CN201810113943 A CN 201810113943A CN 108496717 A CN108496717 A CN 108496717A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The present invention provides the cultural method that a kind of Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk crushes summer corn under total crop return, comprises the following steps：(1) Shajiang black meadow soil area Wheat and maize rotation region is selected, stalk flour when harvesting wheat, length is less than 10cm, sheds uniform fold returning to the field；(2) no-tillage and direct-seeding summer corn, corn seed are handled using 24% shenqinmycin folpet suspension seed-coating agent in due course, and seed and base manure after planting fill sowing water 600m with broadcasting3/ha；(3) in corn typhon mouth phase Nitrogen Top Dressing；(4) harvest, maize straw are ground into length and are less than 10cm simultaneously in due course, shed uniform returning to the field, then rotary tillage soil, and stalk is embedded in 0 15cm soil layers, fertilising in due course, sowing wheat；The base manure is NPK fertilizer, and the top dressing is N fertilizer, applies pure N 300.0kg/ha corn seasons altogether, and base manure is 3 with top dressing weight ratio:7.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk crushes summer corn under total crop return
Cultural method.
Background technology
Soil Development in Huaibei Plain Shajiang black meadow soil area is important one of the grain producing region of China, and planting system is wheat-jade crop rotation.Sand ginger is black
Weight is sticked to soil property, structure is poor, and tilth is seriously bad, and the content of organic matter is low, and nutrient is barren.Soil productivity is relatively low, is that the area makees
The major reason of object low output and shakiness.Straw-returning is the effective measures of crop yield of increasing soil fertility, increase, however straw
Stalk returning to the field would generally adversely affect emergence quality, while pest and disease damage easily occurs.This research is by sowing water and different nitrogen
Fertile Dressing ratios example mutually makees the influence to emergence of corn, growth and yield, to be corn water nitrogen under the straw-returning of Shajiang black meadow soil area
Management provides foundation.
Invention content
To solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk crushing returning full
The cultural method of summer corn, can effectively improve yield of Summer Corn under field.
The present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk crushes the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return, comprises the following steps：(1) it selects
Shajiang black meadow soil area Wheat and maize rotation region, stalk flour when harvesting wheat, length are less than 10cm, shed uniform fold returning to the field；
(2) no-tillage and direct-seeding summer corn, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 22-28cm, seed and base manure after planting fill sowing water with broadcasting in due course
600m3/ha；(3) in corn typhon mouth phase Nitrogen Top Dressing；(4) harvest, maize straw are ground into length simultaneously and are less than in due course
10cm sheds uniform returning to the field, then rotary tillage soil, and stalk is embedded in 0-15cm soil layers, fertilising in due course, sowing wheat.
Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk of the present invention crushes base manure described in the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return
NPK fertilizer, the top dressing are N fertilizer.
Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk of the present invention is crushed and is applied altogether in corn season in the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return
Pure N 300.0kg/ha, pure P2O5And K2O is respectively 112.5kg/ha.
Nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios in the cultural method of summer corn under Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk crushing total crop return of the present invention
It is 3:7, i.e., 30% pure N are broadcast together as base manure with seed, and 70% imposes in the corn typhon mouth phase.
Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk of the present invention is crushed and is applied in base manure in the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return
Pure N 90kg/ha apply pure N 210kg/ha in top dressing.
Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk of the present invention crushes beautiful in step (2) in the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return
Rice seed is handled using 24% shenqinmycin folpet suspension seed-coating agent.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
The present invention sows water and the mutual shadow made to emergence of corn, growth and yield of different nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios examples by research
It rings, shows that cultural method using the present invention (i.e. W1N7 processing) can improve corn yield.Use 24% Shen piperazine mould in addition
Plain folpet suspension seed-coating agent processing corn seed can effectively prevent the generation of fusarium root rot of maize during crop rotation.
Specific implementation mode
Experiment one：Water and mutually influence of the work to corn growth and yield of nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios are sowed under straw-returning
Test site：It tests and is carried out in 2013-2015, test site is Anhui Province Mengcheng County agricultural science and technology demonstration field
(33 ° 9 ' 44 " N, 116 ° 32 ' 56 " E), soil types is Shajiang black soil.0-20cm soil layers soil pH value when on-test
5.91, content of organic matter 18.15g/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content 80.20mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 31.46mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content
135.04mg/kg。
Demonstration field is located in the middle part of Anhui Province's Soil Development in Huaibei Plain, belongs to warm temperate zone semi-moist monsoon climate, sunlight-heat reaources are abundant, every year
14.8 DEG C of temperature, sunshine time 2341.2h, average annual rainfall 821.5mm, but spatial and temporal distributions are uneven, and winter drying is short of rain, summer
It is burning hot and rainy.
Test material and design：It is Zheng Dan 958 for examination corn variety, applies purity nitrogen 300.0kg/ha altogether in corn season, it is each to handle
It applies fertilizer respectively by base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer, top dressing is imposed in the typhon mouth phase；Pure P2O5And K2O doses are 112.5kg/ha, entirely
Portion is applied as base manure.
On the basis of wheat, maize straw flour total crop return, experiment sets 2 factors, sows water and nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios, sowing
Water sets without sowing water (W0) and fills sowing water (W1) 2 levels, and nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios example is set：10:0(N1)、8:2(N2)、7:3
(N3)、6:4(N4)5:5(N5)、4:6(N6)3:7(N7)、2:8 (N8) 8 levels.After planting irrigation quantity is pressed in W1 processing
600m3/ ha is irrigated.3 repetitions, random district's groups arrangement, cell wide 3m, long 5m.
Test 1：Maize population leaf area index (LAI)
It is chosen respectively from each cell in 2014-2015 corn jointing stages, the male blooming stage of pumping and grouting mid-term representative
3 plants of corns, measure every greenery length, maximum width.SL A=length × maximum width × coefficient (0.75) calculates
Single plant corn greenery area；According to strain number/land area of one unit in LAI=single plants greenery area × land area of one unit, calculate
Leaf area index LAI.
Water and influence of the nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios to Corn LAI are sowed under 1 2014-2015 straw-returnings of table
As seen from the above table, under returning total stalks into fields, sowing water increases the jointing stage, takes out male blooming stage and grouting mid-term corn
LAI.N5 (5 when without sowing water:5) male blooming stage is taken out in processing and grouting mid-term Corn LAI is maximum, fills N7 (3 after sowing water:7) place
Reason takes out male blooming stage and grouting mid-term Corn LAI is maximum.The LAI of W1N7 is handled better than processing W0N5.
Test 2：Maize leaf photosynthesis characteristics
The Net Photosynthetic Rate (Pn) of pumping male blooming stage corncob position leaf, stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2Concentration (Ci) and steaming
Rate (Tr) is risen to measure using portable Li-6400XT (Li-Cor companies, the U.S.).In the fine day morning 9:00-12:00 using red
Blue-light source (Li-6200-02B LED), light intensity are set as 2000u mol/ (m2s1), CO2Concentration is controlled using surge flask.Per small
Area chooses 3 fringe position leaves, measures middle part of blade.
2 2014-2015 of table takes out male blooming stage corncob position leaf photosynthesis characteristics
As seen from the above table, sowing water, which increases, takes out male blooming stage corncob position leaf Pn and Tr, reduces Ci.Postponing nitrogen increases beautiful
Meter Sui Wei leaves Pn, Gs and Tr.
When without sowing water (W0), N5 (5:5) processing Pn, Gs is apparently higher than N1 (10:0).It fills after sowing water (W1) with nitrogenous fertilizer
It moves pumping hero blooming stage maize leaf Pn, Gs and Tr afterwards gradually to increase, N7 (3:7) processing Pn, Gs is apparently higher than N1.
Test 3：Plant dry-matter accumulation
Plant is fetched into laboratory in jointing stage, the male blooming stage of pumping and maturity period, by blade, stalk, leaf sheath, nutrition
The positions such as body and seed separate, 105 DEG C of water-removing 0.5h, then 70 DEG C drying to constant weight, and weigh.
Water and influence (kg/ of the nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios to corn dry matter accumulation are sowed under 3 2014-2015 straw-returnings of table
ha)
As seen from the above table, fill sowing water process (W1) handle the jointing stage than not filling sowing water (W0), take out male blooming stage and at
Ripe phase corn dry matter accumulation amount increases 4.10-12.56%.After typhon mouth top dressing, N5 and N7 processing take out male blooming stage and at
Ripe phase corn dry matter accumulation amount ratio N1 increases 6.33-10.10%.
When without sowing water (W0), male blooming stage is taken out in N5 processing and maturity period corn dry matter accumulation amount is most, ratio in 2014
N1 increases separately 8.32% and 11.43%, increases separately 5.60% and 10.84% than N1 within 2015.After filling sowing water (W1),
Male blooming stage is taken out in 2014-2015 N7 processing and maturity period corn dry matter accumulation amount ratio N1 obviously increases 10.13-11.57%,
N5 processing takes out hero blooming stage corn dry matter accumulation amount ratio N1 and obviously increases 7.75-9.39%.
Test 4：Corn yield
It is harvested after corn full maturity, representative 2 row corn ear is harvested per cell, dried and do after threshing, weigh, according to
Weight calculates per hectare corn yield.
Influence (the kg ha of water and nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios example to corn yield are sowed under 4 2013-2015 straw-returnings of table-1)
The result shows that：Stalk crushes under total crop return, and 2013-2015 fills sowing water process (W1) ratio and do not fill sowing water
(W0) increase corn yield 4.73-5.90%.Nitrogenous fertilizer all makees base manure (N1), and corn yield is minimum, and postponing nitrogen can increase jade
Rice yield.
When not filling sowing water (W0), nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios 5:5 (N5) handle corn yield highest, and 2013-2015 compares nitrogenous fertilizer
Whole bases apply (N1) and increase separately 5.19%, 10.33% and 8.31%.When filling sowing water (W1), nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios example 3:7(N7)
Corn yield highest is handled, 2013-2015 applies (N1) than nitrogenous fertilizer whole base and increases separately 8.29%, 10.71% and
12.43%.
Test preventive effect of the 2 24% shenqinmycin folpet suspension seed-coating agents to fusarium root rot of maize
Test medicine：Seed is handled using three kinds of medicaments, medicament A：The suspension kind of 24% shenqinmycin folpet
Clothing agent (shenqinmycin：Folpet=1:1)；Medicament B：10% shenqinmycin suspension seed-coating agent；Medicament C：22% folpet suspends
Seed coat agent.Using same concentrations solution treatment corn seed.30d selects per cell at 5 points at random after emergence of corn, every 40 plants of investigation
A situation arises for fusarium root rot of maize, records total strain number and diseased plant number at different levels, disease index, calculates control effect.
Stage division.It is caught an illness situation according to corn, is divided into following grade：0 grade, i.e. plant basal part of stem and master, fibrous root
Equal disease-free spot；1 grade, there is a small amount of scab on basal part of stem and main root；3 grades, scab is more on basal part of stem and main root, and lesion area accounts for stem
The 1/4~1/2 of portion and the root gross area；5 grades, scab is more and larger on basal part of stem and main root, and lesion area accounts for basal part of stem and root is total
The 1/2~3/4 of area；7 grades, scab in flakes, is formed around stem phenomenon, but root system is not dead on basal part of stem and main root；9 grades, root
System's necrosis, plant above ground portion wilts or death.
Preventive effect of the 5 24% shenqinmycin folpet suspension seed-coating agent of table to fusarium root rot of maize
As seen from the above table, when sowing using 24% shenqinmycin folpet suspension seed-coating agent to corn seed at
Reason can effectively prevent the generation of fusarium root rot of maize in straw-returning, and performance collaboration is made between shenqinmycin and folpet
With.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification should all belong to the covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk crushes the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return, comprise the following steps：(1) sand is selected
Ginger black soil region Wheat and maize rotation region, stalk flour when harvesting wheat, length are less than 10cm, shed uniform fold returning to the field；(2)
In due course no-tillage and direct-seeding summer corn, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 22-28cm, seed and base manure after planting fill sowing water 600m with broadcasting3/
ha；(3) in corn typhon mouth phase Nitrogen Top Dressing；(4) harvest, maize straw are ground into length and are less than 10cm simultaneously in due course,
Uniform returning to the field is shed, then rotary tillage soil, stalk is embedded in 0-15cm soil layers, fertilising in due course, sowing wheat.
2. Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk according to claim 1 crushes the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return, feature
It is, the base manure is NPK fertilizer, and the top dressing is N fertilizer, applies pure N300.0kg/ha, base manure and top dressing weight ratio corn season altogether
It is 3:7；Pure P2O5And K2O doses are respectively 112.5kg/ha, and whole bases are applied.
3. Shajiang black meadow soil area stalk according to claim 1 crushes the cultural method of summer corn under total crop return, feature
It is, corn seed is handled using 24% shenqinmycin folpet suspension seed-coating agent in step (2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810113943.3A CN108496717B (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Cultivation method for returning all smashed straws to summer corn in black soil area of sand ginger |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810113943.3A CN108496717B (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Cultivation method for returning all smashed straws to summer corn in black soil area of sand ginger |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108496717A true CN108496717A (en) | 2018-09-07 |
| CN108496717B CN108496717B (en) | 2020-01-24 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113396786A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-17 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Planting method for improving growth and yield of corn |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103053256A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2013-04-24 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under complete straw mulching condition |
| CN106982640A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of sandy loess wheat stalk crushes corn machine live broadcasting method under returning to the field |
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2018
- 2018-02-05 CN CN201810113943.3A patent/CN108496717B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103053256A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2013-04-24 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under complete straw mulching condition |
| CN106982640A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of sandy loess wheat stalk crushes corn machine live broadcasting method under returning to the field |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113396786A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-17 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Planting method for improving growth and yield of corn |
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