CN106385926B - A kind of summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area - Google Patents
A kind of summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of summer corn single fertilization methods suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area, plot of this method under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of Plain of Huanghua Area area after harvesting wheat, it is operated using the corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus with strip-rotary tillage knife, applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc sulfate, seeding and fertilizing once carries out, and the later period no longer carries out top dressing；The present invention can effectively reduce rainy season rainwash；Strip-rotary tillage mode of operation in corn single fertilization method can eliminate the influence that wheat toothing causes emergence of corn difficulty, and loose local soil reduces plough operation resistance, protects ditching device, improves emergence rate, increases and pricks under root system, guarantee corn uniformity.In addition which is conducive to seep under rain water-harvesting, improves water use efficiency, enhances drought-resistant ability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of summer corn fertilizing method, specifically a kind of summer corn suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area is disposably applied
Fertile method belongs to agricultural fertilizer technical field.
Background technique
Corn is one of China's Three major grain crops, cultivated area and yield for ensureing that China's grain security has act
The effect of sufficient weight.In recent years, with kind of a decline for grain economic benefit, the plantation and management of crops be not more and more by peasant institute
Pay attention to, receive receive less, receive and do not receive and be concerned unlike the end of last century, by taking Shandong as an example, summer corn cultivated area
Continuous second year decline also releases passive signal although area is little, this obvious grain development tactics with China
It does not match.The generation of this phenomenon is not accidentalia, mainly there is the reason of following several respects: first is that agricultural product price obtains not
It is fluctuated to guarantee, between the time greatly, price amount of increase is higher than grain price, and benefit of planting foods reduces year by year；Second is that agricultural production insufficient investment,
Fertilizers input nutrient is unbalanced, and excess or deficiency phenomenon can be found everywhere, and nutrient is consumed excessively insufficient with supply and deposited, and leads to grain
Yield and inefficiency；Third is that agricultural workforce's lazy weight, while lacking gently simplified production technology, due to more and more
Labour, which goes to, inside the city to do manual work, and ignores farmland management, and people engaged in agriculture's technical level is irregular, and production is still by tradition
It is few to eventually lead to more kind of grain energy consumption, low output, income to cause chain reaction for technology.But the safety of China's grain-production is red
Line cannot be got over, and with the promulgation of China's related land policy, more and more land transformations to big farming household, Professional Cooperation
Society, and these suppliers are then very high to the requirement of agriculture production technology, how to improve benefit of planting foods under these conditions, thus
Stablizing crops planting area, improving grain yield is researcher and the aspect that popularizing department, government should consider.
There are different advanced management methods in the management methods such as Summer Maize Production, fertilising different regions, but production at present is upper more
The fertilization mode of " one bombards " after base manure+top dressing or seedling is follow, production link is lengthy and tedious, and fertilization mode is unreasonable, runs counter to
The light idea of development for simplifying production.Chemical fertilizer is the needs of contemporary Grain Production Development, and the basic guarantee to produce more food.It is common
Quick-acting fertilizer fertilizer efficiency period it is short, split application (sowing of significant percentage of peasant household and first must be passed through in Summer Maize Production
Secondary fertilizing operation separately carries out), just it is able to satisfy the needs during corn is entirely given birth to nutrient.It does so and is increased in production
Operation link not only takes a lot of work laborious, but also is difficult to avoid people and animals' mechanical failure plant and root during second of top dressing
System, has part peasant household due to being limited by conditions such as human and material resources, meteorologies, applies fertilizer without second, certainly will influence at all in this way
Corn yield or even income.The Plain of Huanghua Area is the important production area of China's summer corn, and area's grain yield is to guarantee national grain
Tableware has critical role.Therefore the simplified fertilising production method that a kind of suitable Plain of Huanghua Area is needed in Summer Maize Production, from saving
Labor cost, energy-saving consumption-reducing, stable yields increase income to improve peasant and plant grain enthusiasm.
What is solved the problems, such as is basic, it is necessary to break through traditional fertilization habit, innovate fertilizer practice, invention summer corn single fertilization
Technology, it is therefore an objective to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce production cost, simplify production link, improve corn yield and benefit.Existing phase
The patented technology of pass is carried out mainly around the sustained-controll-release fertiliser production method and technology of corn, such as Chinese patent text
It offers (application No. is 200410088480.8) and discloses a kind of summer corn production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, it is main by preparing not
Slow release fertilizer is supported by " different grain speed change " technique with the felted and coating felted slow-release fertilizer material of period Releasing nutrient
Divide release period and each breeding time nutrient requirement characteristics of summer corn to coincide substantially, accomplishes that single-dose application can meet summer corn and give birth to entirely
The nutrient demand of phase.But the patented technology is not defined fertilizing method, and fertilizer product is relatively single-minded；Chinese patent
Document (application No. is 201410816247.0) discloses a kind of dedicated slow-release or control-release fertilizer composition of summer corn and preparation method and answers
With the raw material composition of the dedicated slow-release or control-release fertilizer composition of summer corn being defined, although to seeding and fertilizing mode as between seed transverse direction
It is also defined every, rate of fertilizer, but lacks specific operating method, and fertilizer depth and specific field are cultivated
Technology does not refer to；Chinese patent literature (application No. is 201310026080.3) discloses few no-tillage under the conditions of the full returning to the field of stalk
The wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of soil then without restriction well and illustrates corn slow-release or control-release fertilizer type, and does not have
The specific investment of fertilizer nutrient is limited according to the yield level of corn.
Summary of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area.
Technical scheme is as follows:
Summary of the invention
A kind of summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area, this method are broadcast during giving birth to past summer corn
Kind is separated with fertilizing operation, repeatedly fertilising improves, and no longer needs to top dressing using sowing and the disposable progress late growth stage of fertilising,
According to corn different bearing stage to the climate characteristic and edaphic condition of the characteristics of demand of each nutrition and locality, with corn target
Based on yield, nutrient needed for corn entire breeding time is being broadcast by rational application of fertilizers theory gentle Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer manufacturing technology
Kind the mechanical disposable all applications of sowing deep fertilizer spraying are utilized simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area, comprises the following steps that
(1) plot under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of Plain of Huanghua Area area after harvesting wheat, using with strip-rotary tillage
The corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus of knife is operated；
(2) the rotary blade rotary tillage of corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus goes out rotary tillage band, and plough outputs kind of cunette and dressing furrow, seed
Ditch is staggered with dressing furrow, and fertilising trench depth is 9~15cm, and sowing trench depth is 3~5cm, and seed and fertilizer are applied down simultaneously, immediately
Earthing lid kind lid fertilizer, completes seeding and fertilizing and disposably operates, the later period no longer carries out top dressing；
The fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc sulfate, and the nitrogenous fertilizer is selected according to the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Nitrogen releasing phase
With following one,
A. corn special bio degradable Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is all applied；
B. the dedicated stability slow release fertilizer of corn is all applied；
C. inorganic coated Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is all applied；
D. thermosetting property/organic thermoplastic polymer polymer coated controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer is all applied；
E. thermosetting property/organic thermoplastic polymer polymer coated controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer cooperation 10%~30% available nitrogen is applied
Fertilizer, percentage are the mass ratio meters using the total input amount of purity nitrogen as radix.
It is preferred according to the present invention,
Nitrogen initial stage release rate≤15% of corn special bio degradable Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, nitrogen described in step (2)
Acquisition time >=60 day, preparation >=80% of Nitrogen releasing phase.
The dedicated stability slow release fertilizer of corn described in step (2) is that the addition such as urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor is added
The slow-release fertilizer of agent, the adding proportion of additive are 1.5%~3%, and percentage is the mass ratio using purity nitrogen total nutrient amount as radix
Meter, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency period were stablized at 60-75 days.
Urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor are conventional commercial product.
Nitrogenous fertilizer acquisition time >=60 day of inorganic coated Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step (2)；Preferably, inorganic coated control
Releasing nitrogenous fertilizer is sulfur coated urea, metal oxide or metal salt coated urea or fertilizer packet fertilizer.
Thermosetting property described in step (2)/organic thermoplastic polymer polymer coated controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer, if product Nitrogen releasing
Phase≤75 day, and nitrogen initial stage release rate >=10%, then can be administered alone；If nitrogen initial stage release rate < 10%, it need to match and apply
10%~20% common urea, percentage are the mass ratio meters using purity nitrogen total nutrient amount as radix.
Thermosetting property described in step (2)/organic thermoplastic polymer polymer coated controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer, if product Nitrogen releasing
Phase ﹥ 75 days, 20%~30% common urea need to be cooperated to apply.
The instant nitrogenousfertilizer is common urea, content >=46%.
It is preferred according to the present invention,
The phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate or diammonium, particle calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate.
The potash fertilizer is granule potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, and particle phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, 2~4mm of diameter, particle also can be selected
Hardness is greater than 30 newton.Conducive to mechanical fertilization.
It is preferred according to the present invention,
Rate of fertilizer in step (2), using a kind of following method progress:
On target output >=750kg/ mus of high fertility soil, apply 18~22kg/ mus of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (N), phosphate fertilizer (P2O5)
9~12kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 10~14kg/ mus, 1.5-2kg/ mus of zinc sulfate are advisable.In addition can be matched according to soil nutritional deficiency situation
Apply microelement in other.
On 500~750kg/ mus of target output of middle high fertility soil, 14~18kg/ mus of slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (N), phosphorus are applied
Fertilizer (P2O5) 5~9kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 6~10kg/ mus, 1~1.5kg/ mus of zinc sulfate are advisable.It in addition can be according to soil nutritional deficiency
Situation, which is matched, applies microelement in other.
Mu is marked on Chan Liang≤500kg/ mus of middle low fertility soil below, applies 8~14kg/ mus of slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (N), phosphorus
Fertilizer (P2O5) 3~5kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~6kg/ mus, 0.5-1kg/ mus of zinc sulfate are advisable.It in addition can be according to soil nutritional deficiency shape
Condition, which is matched, applies microelement in other.
It is preferred according to the present invention,
12~15cm of width of rotary tillage band in step (2), it is 9~15cm that band, which unscrews depth of soil,.
Fertilizer lateral distance 8~10cm of corn seed in step (2), fore-and-aft distance 6~12cm of seed are carried out when sowing single
Grain sowing, thickness of sowing is at 3800~4500 plants/acre, and line-spacing is after 60~75cm, emergence without thinning final singling.
The present invention is operated in the smooth field in Plain using corn strip band rotary tillage fertilizer, and line-spacings is waited to sow.Corn
Planting and fertilizing machine design has a devices such as rotary blade, plough, press wheel, gear, chain, knob, rotary blade in plough front end,
Corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus seed and fertilizer device and transmitting device are separated.When operation, seeder advance, rotary blade front end into
Row rotary tillage goes out rotary tillage band, is rotated by gear and chain-driving feed mechanism for seed and fertilizer apparatus, seed and fertilizer are taken advantage of a situation and fallen.Seed
Ditch and dressing furrow are staggered, and earthing lid kind lid fertilizer is suppressed by press wheel again immediately.Trench digging fertilizer apparatus and trench digging feed mechanism for seed trench digging
Position is in rotary tillage band range.All proportions are suitable and uniform fertilizer progress side is applied deeply.
Corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus with strip-rotary tillage knife is the prior art, and Qufu City, Shandong Province city Lin work Machinery Co., Ltd. has
It sells.
Fertilizer of the invention: corn special bio degradable Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, thermosetting property/organic thermoplastic polymer polymerization
The dedicated stability slow release fertilizer of the coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer of object, corn, inorganic coated Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer are the prior art, commercially available production
Product.
Method and apparatus used in the present invention it is not specified according to the prior art.
Excellent results of the invention are as follows:
1, fertilizer needed for single fertilization of the present invention has been commercialized production, is easy to buy in the market, is easy to use.
2, corn single fertilization method of the invention avoids in current corn production " one bombards " and uses common high nitrogen
Burn seedlings phenomenon caused by compound fertilizer, different type Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer or to consider summer corn with the collocation use of common urea entire
The Nitrogen supplying of breeding time both ensure that fertility inexcessive fertilizer early period, in turn ensure later period not de- fertilizer.
3, technical method of the invention belongs to few non-tillage mode, can effectively reduce rainy season rainwash；Corn one
Rotary tillage in secondary property fertilizing method can abolish the influence of wheat toothing making emergence difficult with mode of operation, loose local soil,
Plough operation resistance is reduced, ditching device is protected, improves corn emergence rate, guarantees uniformity, increases and is pricked under root system.In addition should
Mode is conducive to seep under rain water-harvesting, improves water use efficiency.
4, fertilizing method of the present invention can save fertilizers input cost, reduce the production links such as manuring late to save labour
Investment is realized " binodal is about ", guarantees the volume increase of corn stable yields, and net earnings increases 120-150 member/mu or more.
5, the fertilizing method can reduce nitrogenous fertilizer investment 15%-20%, 5-8 percentage points of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer be improved, with country
Fertilizer application amount zero growth rate action matches.Nitrate nitrogen can be reduced simultaneously and is lost 20% or more, reduces ammonia volatilization, and it is raw to improve rural area
State environment.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further explained by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited only to following embodiment.Implement
The coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer of biodegradable, thermosetting property/organic thermoplastic polymer polymer coated controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer used in example
Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. is on sale, and stability slow release fertilizer Shikefeng Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. is on sale,
The happy happiness fertilising material Co., Ltd in inorganic coated Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Jinan is on sale.
" % " in embodiment is mass percent.
Embodiment 1
A kind of summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area, steps are as follows:
(1) plot under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of Plain of Huanghua Area area after harvesting wheat, using with strip-rotary tillage
The corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus of knife enters plot and carries out the disposable operation of corn seeding fertilising, and corn strip band rotary tillage fertilizer exists
It is operated in the smooth field in Plain, line-spacings is waited to sow.
(2) when operation, seeder advances, and rotary blade carries out the strip-rotary tillage of 15cm wide in front end, and band unscrews soil depth
Degree is 15cm, is rotated by gear and chain-driving feed mechanism for seed and fertilizer apparatus, seed and fertilizer are taken advantage of a situation and fallen.Trench digging fertilizer apparatus is opened
The depth of ditch is 15cm out.After fertilizer discharge, surrounding soil falls covering after rise.The depth that trench digging seeder outputs ditch is generally 4cm,
Kind cunette and dressing furrow are staggered, and earthing lid kind lid fertilizer is suppressed by press wheel again immediately.Trench digging fertilizer apparatus and trench digging feed mechanism for seed
Position ditch in rotary tillage band range.All proportions are suitable and uniform fertilizer progress side is applied deeply, corn seed depth of planting
At 4cm, fertilizer lateral distance corn seed 10cm, fore-and-aft distance seed 11cm.Seeding and fertilizing machinery carries out monoseeding, leads to
Knob control thickness of sowing is crossed at 4500 plants/acre, line-spacing 60cm, without thinning final singling, no longer progress top dressing after emergence.
A, fertilizer type
All (quality meets the release of nitrogen initial stage to application corn special bio degradable Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer for Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer selection
Rate≤15%, Nitrogen releasing phase >=80 day, preparation >=80% of Nitrogen releasing phase).Phosphate fertilizer selects double superhosphate, potassium
Fertilizer selects granule potassium chloride, and fertilizer shape is rule particle shape, and diameter 2mm, 30 newton of pellet hardness, zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate.
B, fertilizer amount
On the high fertility soil that target output is 770kg/ mus, 19kg/ mus of above-mentioned Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (N), phosphate fertilizer (P are applied2O5)
11kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 12kg/ mus, 1.8kg/ mus of zinc sulfate.In addition boron molybdenum microelement is applied.
Embodiment 2
A kind of summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area, steps are as follows:
(1) plot under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of Plain of Huanghua Area area after harvesting wheat, using with strip-rotary tillage
The corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus of knife enters plot and carries out the disposable operation of corn seeding fertilising, and corn strip band rotary tillage fertilizer exists
It is operated in the smooth field in Plain, line-spacings is waited to sow.
(2) when operation, seeder advances, and rotary blade carries out the strip-rotary tillage of 13cm wide in front end, and band unscrews soil depth
Degree is 12cm, is rotated by gear and chain-driving feed mechanism for seed and fertilizer apparatus, seed and fertilizer are taken advantage of a situation and fallen.Trench digging fertilizer apparatus is opened
The depth of ditch is 12cm out.After fertilizer discharge, surrounding soil falls covering after rise.The depth that trench digging seeder outputs ditch is generally 3cm,
Kind cunette and dressing furrow are staggered, and earthing lid kind lid fertilizer is suppressed by press wheel again immediately.Trench digging fertilizer apparatus and trench digging feed mechanism for seed
Position ditch in rotary tillage band range.
All proportions are suitable and uniform fertilizer progress side is applied deeply, and corn seed depth of planting is in 3cm, fertilizer lateral distance
At corn seed 9cm, fore-and-aft distance seed 9cm, the later period no longer carries out top dressing.Seeding and fertilizing machinery carries out monoseeding, passes through
Knob controls thickness of sowing at 4200 plants/acre, line-spacing 65cm, without thinning final singling, no longer progress top dressing after emergence.
A, fertilizer type
All application sulphur wraps up Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (nitrogenous fertilizer acquisition time >=70 day) for nitrogenous fertilizer selection, phosphate fertilizer ssp dnab, potassium
Fertilizer selects granular potassium sulfate.Fertilizer shape is rule particle shape, and diameter 3mm, pellet hardness is equal to 32 newton.
B, fertilizer amount
On 600kg/ mus of target output of middle high fertility soil, 16kg/ mus of above-mentioned Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (N), phosphate fertilizer (P are applied2O5)
7kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 9kg/ mus, 1.5kg/ mus of zinc sulfate.In addition match and apply molybdenum and manganese microelement.
Embodiment 3
A kind of summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area, steps are as follows:
(1) plot under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of Plain of Huanghua Area area after harvesting wheat, using with strip-rotary tillage
The corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus of knife enters plot and carries out the disposable operation of corn seeding fertilising, and corn strip band rotary tillage fertilizer exists
It is operated in the smooth field in Plain, line-spacings is waited to sow.
(2) when operation, seeder advances, and rotary blade carries out the strip-rotary tillage of 12cm wide in front end, and band unscrews soil depth
Degree is 10cm, is rotated by gear and chain-driving feed mechanism for seed and fertilizer apparatus, seed and fertilizer are taken advantage of a situation and fallen.Trench digging fertilizer apparatus is opened
The depth of ditch is 9cm out.After fertilizer discharge, surrounding soil falls covering after rise.The depth that trench digging seeder outputs ditch is generally 3cm,
Kind cunette and dressing furrow are staggered, and earthing lid kind lid fertilizer is suppressed by press wheel again immediately.Trench digging fertilizer apparatus and trench digging feed mechanism for seed
Position ditch in rotary tillage band range.
All proportions are suitable and uniform fertilizer progress side is applied deeply, and corn seed depth of planting is in 3cm, fertilizer lateral distance
At corn seed 8cm, fore-and-aft distance seed 6cm, the later period no longer carries out top dressing.Seeding and fertilizing machinery carries out monoseeding, passes through
Knob controls thickness of sowing at 3800 plants/acre, line-spacing 72cm, without thinning final singling, no longer progress top dressing after emergence.
A, fertilizer type
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer (the percentage of the coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer cooperation 20% of nitrogenous fertilizer selection application thermosetting property organic high molecular polymer
Than being the mass ratio meter using the total input amount of purity nitrogen as radix；Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer acquisition time >=60 day, nitrogen initial stage release rate < 10%).
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer is common urea, content >=46%.Phosphate fertilizer ssp dnab, potash fertilizer select granule potassium chloride, fertilizer shape
For irregular particle shape, diameter 4mm, 30 newton of pellet hardness is conducive to mechanical fertilization.
B, fertilizer amount
On the middle low fertility soil that target output is 450kg/ mus, 13kg/ mus of above-mentioned Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (N), phosphate fertilizer are applied
(P2O5) 5kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 6kg/ mus, 0.5kg/ mus of zinc sulfate.In addition match and apply boron microelement.
Following experimental example for illustrating beneficial effects of the present invention, but not limited to this.
Experimental example 1
The summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area for selecting embodiment 1, the sheet with equal nutrient content investment
Ground conventional fertilization technology compares test, conventional fertilization technology: seed manure is broadcast together or seeding and fertilizing separation is (first after insemination and emergence
Secondary fertilising), top dressing is carried out in summer corn bearing desire, topdressing method is that row replacement or cave are applied.Test in 2014 selection Mount Tai,
2, Longkou counties and cities carry out.Conventional fertilization technology precipitation amount is same as Example 1, and N P and K derives from compound fertilizer and urea
(traditional patch stubble no-tillage and direct-seeding mode is carried out using common corn drill, after emergence 3 leaf phase final singlings and carry out for the first time apply
Fertilizer, side lateral distance 15cm trench digging 10cm application compound fertilizer, big bell mouth stage deeply in the ranks spreads fertilizer over the fields urea, nitrogen Dressing ratios at this time
Example is 1:2), with applying identical microelement, depth of planting 3cm.Conventional method final singling guarantees that density, Qi Tatian are unified in field
Between management operation it is consistent.Table 1 is that the yield of 2 testing sites, cost-benefit etc. carry out average comparative analysis.
1 summer corn single fertilization method of table and traditional fertilization compare
As can be seen from Table 1, summer corn single fertilization technology of the invention due to use strip-rotary tillage mode of operation,
Influence of the wheat stubble to emergence of corn is abolished, significantly larger than traditional seeding and fertilizing mode in terms of emergence rate, compared to raising 6.1
Percentage point, reduce corn sowing quantity also can guarantee higher density while decrease the cost of final singling recruitment；Due to this hair
Bright disposably to be operated using seeding and fertilizing, compared to the seeding and fertilizing separation of conventional method and the method for manuring late can save per acre
About 2 labours are engaged in other work to solve and release manpower；It is of the invention although not carrying out imposing for nitrogen in the later period
Fertilizing method improves 32.3kg/667m compared to conventional method in two local seed average products2, volume increase 4.4%；Calculate people
Net income increases by 160 yuan/mu after work, fertilizer cost, yield, and effect is obvious；By selecting peasant at random in test region
The acceptance investigation of two technologies is carried out, single fertilization method acceptance of the invention is up to 93.3%, occupies absolute ratio.
Experimental example 2
The summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area for selecting embodiment 2, the sheet with equal nutrient content investment
Ground conventional fertilization technology compares test, and conventional fertilization technology is with the method for experimental example 1, and test is in selection in 2015 in western Shandong
South, Hebei, 6, Henan typical counties carry out.Conventional fertilization technology precipitation amount is same as Example 2, and N P and K derives from
Compound fertilizer and urea (carry out patch stubble no-tillage seeding fertilization technology using common corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus, seed manure with broadcasting, use by base fertilizer
Compound fertilizer, for fertilizer in seed side, the toy trumpet mouth phase in the ranks spreads fertilizer over the fields urea, and nitrogen Dressing ratios example is 3:7), it is identical micro- with applying
Secondary element.For conventional method in tri-leaf period thinning final singling, other field management and operation are consistent.Table 2 is that two kinds of all testing sites are applied
The average product of fertile method, cost-effectiveness, plant recovery of nutrient, nutrient loss etc. are compared analysis.
2 summer corn single fertilization method of table and traditional fertilization compare
From table 2 it can be seen that disposably being applied compared with traditional summer corn seeding and fertilizing technology using summer corn of the invention
Fertilizer technology is tested in 6 testing sites in the Plain of Huanghua Area, which dramatically increases, and amplification reaches
28.5kg/667m2, volume increase 4.85%；Net income increases by 140 yuan per acre；Wilfully force of labor improves 1.8kg/kg, this season nitrogenous fertilizer to nitrogenous fertilizer
Utilization rate improves 5.3 percentage points；The fertilizer practice uses Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer product, guarantees to continue to reduce nitrogen while fertilizer efficiency
Element loss, nitrogen runoff average loss amount reduce 0.51kg N/667m compared to traditional technology2, economic benefit and ecological benefits are excellent
Gesture is obvious.
Experimental example 3
The summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area for selecting embodiment 3, is higher by with total nutrient dosage
20% corn tradition seeding and fertilizing technology compares test, and conventional fertilization technology is tested with the method for experimental example 1 in 2013
The selection of year and 2014 carries out under low soil fertility condition in 4 counties and cities such as Dingtao, Yuncheng, Dezhou, Linyi.Conventional fertilization technology
Precipitation is same as Example 3, and N P and K (is pasted from compound fertilizer and urea using common corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus
Stubble no-tillage seeding fertilization technology, for seed manure with broadcasting, base fertilizer compound fertilizer, fertilizer in the ranks spreads fertilizer over the fields urine in seed side, big bell mouth stage
Element, nitrogen Dressing ratios example are 4:6), with applying identical microelement, conventional method tri-leaf period thinning final singling, other field management
Operation is consistent.Be 4 testing sites below influences etc. to be compared point from average product, benefit, plant recovery of nutrient, environment
Analysis.
3 summer corn single fertilization method of table and traditional fertilization compare
From table 3 it can be seen that summer corn single fertilization technology has higher emergence rate compared with conventional fertilization technology,
This not only causes part burn seedlings with nitrogenous fertilizer type used in the method for having rotary tillage seedling band operation related and traditional and dosage,
So the technology of the present invention leaf emergence is much higher than traditional seeding and fertilizing mode；Although traditional seeding and fertilizing technology precipitation is high
Out 20%, but still increase 24kg/667m using 4 grain yields that are experimental field averaged of the technology of the present invention2, volume increase 5.56%,
Average mu increases income 121 yuan；Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 3.9 percentage points；Nitrogen runoff loss reduces 0.23kg N/667m2, fertilizer
Application is small to underground water potential threat, and technical effect is with the obvious advantage.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of summer corn single fertilization method suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area, comprises the following steps that
(1) plot under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of Plain of Huanghua Area area after harvesting wheat, using with strip-rotary tillage knife
Corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus is operated；
(2) the rotary blade rotary tillage of corn seeder combined with fertilizing apparatus goes out rotary tillage band, and plough outputs kind of cunette and dressing furrow, kind cunette with
Dressing furrow is staggered, and fertilising trench depth is 9 ~ 15 cm, and sowing trench depth is 3 ~ 5 cm, and seed and fertilizer are applied down simultaneously, immediately earthing
Lid kind lid fertilizer, completes seeding and fertilizing and disposably operates, the later period no longer carries out top dressing；12 ~ 15cm of width of rotary tillage band, band rotation
Mellow soil depth is 9 ~ 15cm, fertilizer lateral distance 8 ~ 10cm of corn seed, fore-and-aft distance 6 ~ 12cm of seed, and when sowing carries out single
Grain sowing, thickness of sowing is at 3800 ~ 4500 plants/acre, and line-spacing is after 60 ~ 75cm, emergence without thinning final singling；
The fertilizer be nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc sulfate, the nitrogenous fertilizer according to the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Nitrogen releasing phase select with
It is one of lower,
B. the dedicated stability slow release fertilizer of corn is all applied；The dedicated stability slow release fertilizer of the corn is that urase is added
The slow-release fertilizer of the additives such as inhibitor, nitrogenous fertilizer inhibitor, the adding proportion of additive are 1.5% ~ 3%, and percentage is total with purity nitrogen
Amount of nutrients is radix, and mass ratio meter, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency period stabilization was at 60-75 days；
C. inorganic coated Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is all applied；Nitrogenous fertilizer acquisition time >=60 day of the inorganic coated Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer；
Inorganic coated Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is sulfur coated urea, metal oxide or metal salt coated urea or fertilizer packet fertilizer.
2. the summer corn single fertilization method according to claim 1 suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area, which is characterized in that described
Phosphate fertilizer be monoammonium phosphate or diammonium, particle calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate, the potash fertilizer be granule potassium chloride or sulfuric acid
Potassium or particle phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 mm of diameter, pellet hardness are greater than 30 newton.
3. the summer corn single fertilization method according to claim 1 suitable for the Plain of Huanghua Area, which is characterized in that step
(2) rate of fertilizer in, using a kind of following method progress:
On the high fertility soil of target output >=750 kg/ mus, apply 18 ~ 22kg/ mus of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (N), phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 9 ~ 12
Kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 10 ~ 14 kg/ mus, 1.5-2kg/ mus of zinc sulfate are advisable；
On 500 ~ 750 kg/ mus of target output of middle high fertility soil, 14 ~ 18kg/ mus of slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (N), phosphate fertilizer are applied
(P2O5) 5 ~ 9 kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 6 ~ 10 kg/ mus, 1 ~ 1.5kg/ mus of zinc sulfate are advisable；
Mu is marked on kg/ mus of Chan Liang≤500 middle low fertility soils below, applies 8 ~ 14 kg/ mus of slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (N), phosphate fertilizer
(P2O5) 3 ~ 5 kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4 ~ 6 kg/ mus, 0.5-1kg/ mus of zinc sulfate are advisable.
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| CN107231912A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-10-10 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of corn of minimal tilling based on the full returning to the field of wheat straw efficiently plants fertilizing method |
| CN108575613A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of light simple fertilizing method of summer corn under Wheat and maize rotation pattern |
| CN109122119A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-01-04 | 河南农业大学 | Summer Maize in Meadow Soil weight-reducing synergy fertilizing method |
| CN111264115B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-06-25 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Application of fertilizer capable of improving soil fertility in winter wheat topdressing-free planting |
| CN112673912A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-04-20 | 河南农业大学 | Method for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer corn |
| CN114249620A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-03-29 | 西南大学 | Spring corn synchronous nutrition formula fertilizer |
| CN116616135A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-08-22 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | Method for light simplified green production of wheat-corn |
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